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<document id="260B7F8A381113F2DEEE8CCEC549A336" ID-DOI="10.1016/j.sajb.2017.06.011" ID-ISSN="1727-9321" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10496466" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1705062396179" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Elliott, T. L. &amp; Muasya, A. M." docDate="2017" docId="0396E93B3412051AFFC71248FE45D43B" docLanguage="en" docName="SAfrJBot.112.354-360.pdf" docOrigin="South African Journal of Botany 112" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2017.06.011" docStyle="DocumentStyle:AD72C92759D651943977BAEA6E2218B4.1:SAfrJBot.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="AD72C92759D651943977BAEA6E2218B4" docStyleName="SAfrJBot.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Tetraria compar Lestib." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="358" masterDocId="FFAF91433411051EFFB6113AFFC5D72F" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic realignment in the southern African Tetraria (Cyperaceae, tribe Schoeneae; Schoenus clade) *" masterLastPageNumber="360" masterPageNumber="354" pageNumber="357" updateTime="1705514124583" updateUser="felipe">
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<mods:title id="E565FB0060CD947C17385988D6E24B9C">Taxonomic realignment in the southern African Tetraria (Cyperaceae, tribe Schoeneae; Schoenus clade) *</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="37E17CB06BF2E593060A56F5FFACB1C0">Elliott, T. L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EBF03EDE5BD26457A08892B30541AE8B">Muasya, A. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="3B728220454E97AE43B4B0CE4C5A0F26">South African Journal of Botany</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="2E191A5F8ACDD8F238DC870BE1F9C7B3">2017</mods:date>
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<treatment id="0396E93B3412051AFFC71248FE45D43B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0396E93B3412051AFFC71248FE45D43B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0396E93B3412051AFFC71248FE45D43B" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="358" pageId="3" pageNumber="357">
<subSubSection id="C3250BA63412051DFFC71248FF5AD48D" pageId="3" pageNumber="357" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B80582D3412051DFFC71248FF5AD48D" blockId="3.[113,783,882,930]" pageId="3" pageNumber="357">
<heading id="D0C8EF413412051DFFC71248FF5AD48D" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="357" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94B843F3412051DFFC71248FF5AD48D" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="357">
6.2.
<taxonomicName id="4C3F23AE3412051DFF211248FEEED4A9" ID-CoL="55S34" authorityName="Lestib." baseAuthorityName="L." box="[151,299,882,902]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Tetraria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="357" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="compar">Tetraria compar</taxonomicName>
(L.) Lestib.
<taxonomicName id="4C3F23AE3412051DFE2A1248FD23D4A9" authority="(Boeckeler) C. B. Clarke" authorityName="C. B. Clarke" baseAuthorityName="Boeckeler" box="[412,742,882,902]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Tetraria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="357" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="picta">Tetraria picta (Boeckeler) C.B.Clarke</taxonomicName>
and allies
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3250BA63412051AFF2712FCFE45D43B" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="358" pageId="3" pageNumber="357" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B80582D3412051AFF2712FCFE91D679" blockId="3.[113,783,966,1097]" lastBlockId="4.[90,760,154,788]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="358" pageId="3" pageNumber="357">
<taxonomicName id="4C3F23AE3412051DFF2712FCFEF7D4F5" ID-CoL="4VF44" box="[145,306,966,986]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Schoenus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="357" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="compar">
<emphasis id="B94B843F3412051DFF2712FCFEF7D4F5" box="[145,306,966,986]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="357">Schoenus compar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (
<figureCitation id="130444A83412051DFEE012FDFE5DD4F5" box="[342,408,967,986]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[113,138,760,774]" captionTargetBox="[239,1372,144,723]" captionTargetId="figure-180@3.[237,1374,142,724]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Examples of plants from each of the four clades of Schoenus found in southern Africa, showing the corresponding spikelets beneath each plant: A and F—S. nigricans, B and G—T.compar, C and H—Epischoenus sp. and D and I—T.cuspidata.A reticulate-sheathed Tetraria of the Tricostularia clade is shown in E, with its spikelet shown in J.The black scale bar beneath the spikelets in FJ represents 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10496470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10496470/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="357">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE25DC3412051DFE1812FDFDF8D4F5" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[430,573,967,986]" pageId="3" pageNumber="357" pagination="177 - 178" refId="ref8374" refString="Linnaeus, C., 1771. Schoenus compar. Mantissa Plantarum Altera. Generum Editionis VI &amp; Specierum Editionis II. Holmiae, Stockholm, Sweden, pp. 177 - 178." type="book chapter" year="1771">Linnaeus, 1771</bibRefCitation>
) was transferred into
<taxonomicName id="4C3F23AE3412051DFFC712D8FF7ED4D9" ID-CoL="8W44F" baseAuthorityName="Levyns" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[113,187,994,1014]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Tetraria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="357" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94B843F3412051DFFC712D8FF7ED4D9" box="[113,187,994,1014]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="357">Tetraria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by T. Lestiboudois in 1819, who mentioned that the plant he based this decision on was collected by M. Du Petit-Thouars and was possibly the “
<emphasis id="B94B843F3412051DFEBE1523FE98D302" box="[264,349,1049,1069]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="357">schoenus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3F23AE3412051DFEDB1523FD87D301" ID-CoL="4VF44" authority="de Rottboell" authorityName="de Rottboell" box="[365,578,1049,1070]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Schoenus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="357" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="compar">
<emphasis id="B94B843F3412051DFEDB1523FE71D302" box="[365,436,1049,1069]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="357">compar</emphasis>
de Rottboëll
</taxonomicName>
”. We assume that Lestiboudois erred in the designation of the authority of this species and should have attributed the name to earlier work by Linnaeus. This species is often viscoid,
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to
<quantity id="4CC7F5C83412051DFBCF12B5FB5BD48D" box="[1145,1182,911,930]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="357" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
tall and has loose leaf sheaths as well as two-lobed ligules that are membranaceous (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE25DC3412051DFA9E1291FA66D491" author="Levyns, M. R." box="[1320,1443,939,958]" pageId="3" pageNumber="357" refId="ref8157" refString="Levyns, M. R., 1950. Tetraria Beauv. Flora of the Cape Peninsula. Juta, Cape Town, South Africa." type="book" year="1950">Levyns, 1950</bibRefCitation>
). The spikelets are sessile or nearly so and are approximately
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long with four to five empty lower glumes that are rigid and distichous (
<figureCitation id="130444A83412051DFCF312C4FC42D33D" box="[837,903,1022,1042]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[113,138,760,774]" captionTargetBox="[239,1372,144,723]" captionTargetId="figure-180@3.[237,1374,142,724]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Examples of plants from each of the four clades of Schoenus found in southern Africa, showing the corresponding spikelets beneath each plant: A and F—S. nigricans, B and G—T.compar, C and H—Epischoenus sp. and D and I—T.cuspidata.A reticulate-sheathed Tetraria of the Tricostularia clade is shown in E, with its spikelet shown in J.The black scale bar beneath the spikelets in FJ represents 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10496470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10496470/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="357">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE25DC3412051DFC2D12C4FBD8D33D" author="Clarke, C. B." box="[923,1053,1022,1042]" pageId="3" pageNumber="357" pagination="275 - 290" refId="ref7409" refString="Clarke, C. B., 1900 a. Tetraria. In: Thiselton-Dyer, W. T. (Ed.), Flora Capensis: Being a Systematic Description of the Plants of the Cape Colony, Caffraria, &amp; Port Natal. Lovell Reeve &amp; Co., Ltd., London, United Kingdom, pp. 275 - 290." type="book chapter" year="1900">Clarke, 1900a</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE25DC3412051DFB9312C5FB5AD33E" author="Levyns, M. R." box="[1061,1183,1022,1042]" pageId="3" pageNumber="357" refId="ref8157" refString="Levyns, M. R., 1950. Tetraria Beauv. Flora of the Cape Peninsula. Juta, Cape Town, South Africa." type="book" year="1950">Levyns, 1950</bibRefCitation>
). The nutlet has three or four longitudinal ridges and is ovoid or globose in shape (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE25DC3412051DFAB11521FA45D302" author="Levyns, M. R." box="[1287,1408,1050,1070]" pageId="3" pageNumber="357" refId="ref8157" refString="Levyns, M. R., 1950. Tetraria Beauv. Flora of the Cape Peninsula. Juta, Cape Town, South Africa." type="book" year="1950">Levyns, 1950</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C3F23AE3412051DFA241523FC3DD365" ID-CoL="55S2P" authority="Levyns" authorityName="Levyns" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Tetraria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="357" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brachyphylla">
<emphasis id="B94B843F3412051DFA241523FC77D366" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="357">Tetraria brachyphylla</emphasis>
Levyns
</taxonomicName>
is a similar species; however, its leaves are shorter than those of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F23AE3415051AFF6C11A0FEF7D781" ID-CoL="4VF44" box="[218,306,154,174]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Schoenus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="358" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="compar">
<emphasis id="B94B843F3415051AFF6C11A0FEF7D781" box="[218,306,154,174]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="358">T. compar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(generally about
<quantity id="4CC7F5C83415051AFE6111A1FDD4D780" box="[471,529,155,175]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="358" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
or less in length) and its sheaths are smooth and brownish-red (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE25DC3415051AFE7F118DFD87D7E5" author="Levyns, M. R." box="[457,578,183,202]" pageId="4" pageNumber="358" pagination="73 - 93" refId="ref8121" refString="Levyns, M. R., 1947. Tetraria and related genera, with special reference to the flora of the Cape Peninsula. South African Journal of Botany 13, 73 - 93." type="journal article" year="1947">Levyns, 1947</bibRefCitation>
). The inflorescence of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F23AE3415051AFFC711E8FF3ED7C9" ID-CoL="55S2P" box="[113,251,210,230]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Tetraria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="358" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brachyphylla">
<emphasis id="B94B843F3415051AFFC711E8FF3ED7C9" box="[113,251,210,230]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="358">T. brachyphylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
generally has fewer spikelets than
<taxonomicName id="4C3F23AE3415051AFDF211E8FD58D7C9" ID-CoL="4VF44" box="[580,669,210,230]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Schoenus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="358" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="compar">
<emphasis id="B94B843F3415051AFDF211E8FD58D7C9" box="[580,669,210,230]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="358">T. compar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, while its nutlet beak is more continuous with the lower part of the fruit (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE25DC3415051AFD0411D5FF4FD631" author="Levyns, M. R." pageId="4" pageNumber="358" pagination="73 - 93" refId="ref8121" refString="Levyns, M. R., 1947. Tetraria and related genera, with special reference to the flora of the Cape Peninsula. South African Journal of Botany 13, 73 - 93." type="journal article" year="1947">Levyns, 1947</bibRefCitation>
). Whereas
<taxonomicName id="4C3F23AE3415051AFF411030FE94D631" ID-CoL="4VF44" box="[247,337,266,286]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Schoenus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="358" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="compar">
<emphasis id="B94B843F3415051AFF411030FE94D631" box="[247,337,266,286]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="358">T. compar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found on both dry slopes and more moist places in the fynbos,
<taxonomicName id="4C3F23AE3415051AFEAD101CFE60D615" ID-CoL="55S2P" box="[283,421,294,314]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Tetraria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="358" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brachyphylla">
<emphasis id="B94B843F3415051AFEAD101CFE60D615" box="[283,421,294,314]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="358">T. brachyphylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
tends to be found in sandy, flat habitats and mountain slopes.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4008A53412051DFFC716BCFA1ED0ED" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10496472" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10496472" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10496472/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="357" startId="3.[113,138,1926,1940]" targetBox="[315,1297,1164,1891]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B80582D3412051DFFC716BCFA1ED0ED" blockId="3.[113,1499,1925,1987]" pageId="3" pageNumber="357">
<emphasis id="B94B843F3412051DFFC716BCFF5AD0BB" bold="true" box="[113,159,1926,1940]" pageId="3" pageNumber="357">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
Documented locations of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F23AE3412051DFED216BFFE28D0BA" box="[356,493,1925,1941]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Schoenus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="357" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigricans">
<emphasis id="B94B843F3412051DFED216BFFE28D0BA" box="[356,493,1925,1941]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="357">Schoenus nigricans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and accepted southern African
<taxonomicName id="4C3F23AE3412051DFD6A16BCFCD0D0BA" baseAuthorityName="Levyns" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[732,789,1926,1941]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Tetraria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="357" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94B843F3412051DFD6A16BCFCD0D0BA" box="[732,789,1926,1941]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="357">Tetraria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3F23AE3412051DFC8C16BCFC09D0BB" box="[826,972,1926,1941]" pageId="3" pageNumber="357">
<emphasis id="B94B843F3412051DFC8C16BCFC57D0BA" box="[826,914,1926,1941]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="357">Epischoenus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
in the
<taxonomicName id="4C3F23AE3412051DFBB716BFFB81D0BA" box="[1025,1092,1925,1941]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Schoenus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="357" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94B843F3412051DFBB716BFFB81D0BA" box="[1025,1092,1925,1941]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="357">Schoenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F23AE3412051DFB3116BDFB1BD0BA" box="[1159,1246,1927,1941]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="357" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cyperaceae</taxonomicName>
, based on data downloaded from GBIF (Copenhagen: Global Biodiversity Information Facility, 2014). The following groups of species are included in each map: A,
<taxonomicName id="4C3F23AE3412051DFBF616A6FB57D083" box="[1088,1170,1948,1964]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Schoenus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="357" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigricans">
<emphasis id="B94B843F3412051DFBF616A6FB57D083" box="[1088,1170,1948,1964]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="357">S. nigricans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; B,
<taxonomicName id="4C3F23AE3412051DFB1916A7FB32D083" box="[1199,1271,1949,1964]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Schoenus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="357" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="compar">
<emphasis id="B94B843F3412051DFB1916A7FB32D083" box="[1199,1271,1949,1964]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="357">T. compar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and allies; C,
<taxonomicName id="4C3F23AE3412051DFAE916A7FA7DD083" box="[1375,1464,1949,1964]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Epischoenus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="357" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94B843F3412051DFAE916A7FA7DD083" box="[1375,1464,1949,1964]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="357">Epischoenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and allies; and D,
<taxonomicName id="4C3F23AE3412051DFF601689FEE8D0ED" box="[214,301,1971,1986]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Tetraria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="357" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cuspidata">
<emphasis id="B94B843F3412051DFF601689FEE8D0ED" box="[214,301,1971,1986]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="357">T. cuspidata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and allies.
<taxonomicName id="4C3F23AE3412051DFE361689FDCCD0ED" box="[384,521,1971,1987]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Schoenus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="357" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigricans">
<emphasis id="B94B843F3412051DFE361689FDCCD0ED" box="[384,521,1971,1987]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="357">Schoenus nigricans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a cosmopolitan distribution (A), whereas the distribution of the other three groups is limited to southern Africa (B, C, and D).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B80582D3415051AFFCC1067FDB8D5EF" blockId="4.[90,760,154,788]" pageId="4" pageNumber="358">
<taxonomicName id="4C3F23AE3415051AFFCC1067FE16D65D" ID-CoL="55S4D" authority="(Boeckeler) C. B. Clarke" authorityName="C. B. Clarke" baseAuthorityName="Boeckeler" box="[122,467,349,370]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Tetraria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="358" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="picta">
<emphasis id="B94B843F3415051AFFCC1067FF32D65E" box="[122,247,349,369]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="358">Tetraria picta</emphasis>
(Boeckeler) C.B.Clarke
</taxonomicName>
is closely-related to
<taxonomicName id="4C3F23AE3415051AFD2A1067FEEDD6A2" ID-CoL="4VF44" authority="(Viljoen et al., 2013)" baseAuthorityName="Viljoen" baseAuthorityYear="2013" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Schoenus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="358" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="compar">
<emphasis id="B94B843F3415051AFD2A1067FD32D65E" box="[668,759,349,369]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="358">T. compar</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE25DC3415051AFFD21040FEDBD6A1" author="Viljoen, J. - A. &amp; Muasya, A. M. &amp; Barrett, R. L. &amp; Bruhl, J. J. &amp; Gibbs, A. K. &amp; Slingsby, J. A. &amp; Wilson, K. L. &amp; Verboom, G. A." box="[100,286,378,398]" pageId="4" pageNumber="358" pagination="2494 - 2508" refId="ref8887" refString="Viljoen, J. - A., Muasya, A. M., Barrett, R. L., Bruhl, J. J., Gibbs, A. K., Slingsby, J. A., Wilson, K. L., Verboom, G. A., 2013. Radiation and repeated transoceanic dispersal of Schoeneae (Cyperaceae) through the southern hemisphere. American Journal of Botany 100, 2494 - 2508." type="journal article" year="2013">Viljoen et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, although it tends to be a smaller plant (
<quantity id="4CC7F5C83415051AFD721041FF6ED685" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="358" unit="mm" value="300.0" valueMax="400.0" valueMin="200.0">200 400 mm</quantity>
tall) with relatively short leaves and reddish-purple sheaths compared to the often white bases of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F23AE3415051AFE74108BFD0ED6EA" ID-CoL="4VF44" authority="(Boeckeler, 1874)" baseAuthorityName="Boeckeler" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[450,715,433,453]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Schoenus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="358" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="compar">
<emphasis id="B94B843F3415051AFE74108BFDDED6EA" box="[450,539,433,453]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="358">T. compar</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE25DC3415051AFD9D1088FD04D6EA" author="Boeckeler, J. O." box="[555,705,434,453]" pageId="4" pageNumber="358" pagination="253 - 265" refId="ref7340" refString="Boeckeler, J. O., 1874. Elynanthus. Linnaea 38, 253 - 265." type="journal article" year="1874">Boeckeler, 1874</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. The panicle of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F23AE3415051AFF0F10F7FF3FD6CE" ID-CoL="55S4D" box="[185,250,461,481]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Tetraria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="358" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="picta">
<emphasis id="B94B843F3415051AFF0F10F7FF3FD6CE" box="[185,250,461,481]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="358">T. picta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is contracted with inflorescence bracts that are dilated at the base (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE25DC3415051AFF7B10D0FE8ED6D2" author="Clarke, C. B." box="[205,331,490,509]" pageId="4" pageNumber="358" pagination="275 - 290" refId="ref7409" refString="Clarke, C. B., 1900 a. Tetraria. In: Thiselton-Dyer, W. T. (Ed.), Flora Capensis: Being a Systematic Description of the Plants of the Cape Colony, Caffraria, &amp; Port Natal. Lovell Reeve &amp; Co., Ltd., London, United Kingdom, pp. 275 - 290." type="book chapter" year="1900">Clarke, 1900a</bibRefCitation>
), so that they often envelope almost all of the spikelets. The compressed, elongate-oblong spikelets are in dense bundles and have chestnut-coloured, narrow, elongate-oblong, acute and keeled glumes (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE25DC3415051AFF491304FE64D57E" author="Boeckeler, J. O." box="[255,417,574,593]" pageId="4" pageNumber="358" pagination="253 - 265" refId="ref7340" refString="Boeckeler, J. O., 1874. Elynanthus. Linnaea 38, 253 - 265." type="journal article" year="1874">Boeckeler, 1874</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE25DC3415051AFE191304FDFDD57E" author="Clarke, C. B." box="[431,568,574,593]" pageId="4" pageNumber="358" pagination="275 - 290" refId="ref7409" refString="Clarke, C. B., 1900 a. Tetraria. In: Thiselton-Dyer, W. T. (Ed.), Flora Capensis: Being a Systematic Description of the Plants of the Cape Colony, Caffraria, &amp; Port Natal. Lovell Reeve &amp; Co., Ltd., London, United Kingdom, pp. 275 - 290." type="book chapter" year="1900">Clarke, 1900a</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C3F23AE3415051AFDE61307FE01D542" ID-CoL="8XG6G" authority="Kuk." authorityName="Kuk." class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Tetraria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="358" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="sylvatica" variety="pseudolorea">
<emphasis id="B94B843F3415051AFDE61307FD3DD57E" box="[592,760,573,593]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="358">Tetraria sylvatica</emphasis>
(Nees) C.B.Clarke var.
<emphasis id="B94B843F3415051AFE911362FE50D543" box="[295,405,600,620]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="358">pseudolorea</emphasis>
Kük.
</taxonomicName>
appears similar, but it is generally taller, has a more elongate inflorescence, with bracts that are less dilated at the base. Both
<taxonomicName id="4C3F23AE3415051AFE9B13AAFEABD58B" ID-CoL="55S4D" box="[301,366,656,676]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Tetraria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="358" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="picta">
<emphasis id="B94B843F3415051AFE9B13AAFEABD58B" box="[301,366,656,676]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="358">T. picta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3F23AE3415051AFE2D13AAFD5CD58B" ID-CoL="8XG6G" box="[411,665,656,677]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Tetraria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="358" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="sylvatica" variety="pseudolorea">
<emphasis id="B94B843F3415051AFE2D13AAFE3BD58B" box="[411,510,656,676]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="358">T. sylvatica</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="B94B843F3415051AFD9D13AAFD5CD58B" box="[555,665,656,676]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="358">pseudolorea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are found in high elevation fynbos in western
<collectingCountry id="F32818BD3415051AFE181397FDE4D5EF" box="[430,545,685,704]" name="South Africa" pageId="4" pageNumber="358">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="130444A83415051AFD861397FDB7D5EF" box="[560,626,685,704]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[113,138,1926,1940]" captionTargetBox="[315,1297,1164,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-265@3.[312,1299,1162,1891]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Documented locations of Schoenus nigricans and accepted southern African Tetraria and Epischoenus species in the Schoenus clade of Cyperaceae, based on data downloaded from GBIF (Copenhagen: Global Biodiversity Information Facility, 2014). The following groups of species are included in each map: A, S.nigricans; B, T. compar and allies; C,Epischoenus and allies; and D,T.cuspidata and allies. Schoenus nigricans has a cosmopolitan distribution (A), whereas the distribution of the other three groups is limited to southern Africa (B, C, and D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10496472" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10496472/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="358">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80582D3415051AFFCC13F3FE45D43B" blockId="4.[90,760,154,788]" pageId="4" pageNumber="358">
Preliminary examination of herbarium specimens indicates that there are approximately five to ten morphospecies that could be placed in the
<emphasis id="B94B843F3415051AFF21123AFEF8D43B" box="[151,317,768,788]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="358">
<taxonomicName id="4C3F23AE3415051AFF21123AFF35D43B" ID-CoL="4VF44" baseAuthorityName="Boeckeler" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[151,240,768,788]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Schoenus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="358" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="compar">T. compar</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C3F23AE3415051AFF4A123AFEF8D43B" ID-CoL="55S4D" box="[252,317,768,788]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Tetraria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="358" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="picta">T. picta</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
group.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>