200 lines
22 KiB
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200 lines
22 KiB
XML
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<mods:titleInfo id="00A5B76ED86889D3F6604D0752758AFD">
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<mods:title id="06CE322DA2670B79883D27E3A39A0E7E">Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C5910E1F8E7ADE713317259F051D969B">Guglielmone, Alberto A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="140A3C231C7A17511A5FD190F1D50C2F" type="email">guglielmone.alberto@inta.gob.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="3D507CE29DC3E03F54705E98B57CC086">Nava, Santiago</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B7B701C0F3782B1D6DA38158825AE49C">Robbins, Richard G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="BDC5DDE59D972BDEF0608C8C65DD8ADA" type="email">robbinsrg@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="A1A2498E42863B7703DB66524FD7EF25">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="16D28433E00401EE30AE64F325D1B2BF">
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<mods:date id="C790FEF5245FE5383C7ECE1FD996ABE3">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="DD5B2CAF2E5F0DC31D5B7860610C932F">2023-03-07</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="E6EDC2BC228AEC40D0079AAC46D46568">5251</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03966A560F47C747BABF8ACDB167FBF9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7717654" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209449661" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7717654" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03966A560F47C747BABF8ACDB167FBF9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03966A560F47C747BABF8ACDB167FBF9" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F47C747BABF8ACDB7F7FDD5" box="[151,665,510,537]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F47C747BABF8ACDB7F7FDD5" blockId="44.[151,1437,510,1077]" box="[151,665,510,537]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F47C747BABF8ACDB5D4FDD5" bold="true" box="[151,186,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">35.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F47C747BA978ACCB7FBFDD5" ID-CoL="CMCY" ID-ENA="1701304" authority="Gerstacker, 1873" authorityName="Gerstacker" authorityYear="1873" box="[191,661,510,537]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eburneum">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F47C747BA978ACCB4A0FDD5" bold="true" box="[191,462,510,537]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Amblyomma eburneum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F47C747BBFC8ACDB7FBFDD5" author="Gerstacker, A." box="[468,661,511,537]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refId="ref197105" refString="Gerstacker, A. (1873) Gliderthiere (Insekten, Arachniden, Myriapoden und Isopoden) In: O. Kersten (Editor), Baron Carl Claus von der Decken's Reisen in Ost Africa in den Jahre 1859 bis 1865. 3, Wissenschaftlicher Theil, C. J. Winter'sche Verlaghandlung, Leipzig und Heidelberg, 542 pp." type="book" year="1873">Gerstäcker, 1873</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F47C747B8B58ACDB124FDAD" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F47C747B8B58ACDB124FDAD" blockId="44.[151,1437,510,1077]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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Afrotropical: 1)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F47C747B97B8ACDB6CEFDD5" box="[851,928,511,537]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Congo</collectingCountry>
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, 2)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F47C747B9E18ACDB176FDD5" box="[969,1048,511,537]" name="Eritrea" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Eritrea</collectingCountry>
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, 3)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F47C747BE688ACDB1CCFDD5" box="[1088,1186,511,537]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
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, 4)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F47C747BEE18ACDB07BFDD5" box="[1225,1301,511,537]" name="Kenya" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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, 5)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F47C747BF158ACDB5B6FDF1" name="Mozambique" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
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, 6)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F47C747BB2A8911B40FFDF1" box="[258,353,547,573]" name="Rwanda" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
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, 7)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F47C747BBA28911B487FDF1" box="[394,489,547,573]" name="Somalia" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Somalia</collectingCountry>
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, 8)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F47C747B83A8911B714FDF1" box="[530,634,547,573]" name="Tanzania" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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, 9)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F47C747B88B8911B675FDF1" box="[675,795,547,573]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F47C747B9018911B6D0FDF1" author="Theiler, G." box="[809,958,547,573]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refId="ref258651" refString="Theiler, G. (1962) The Ixodoidea parasites of vertebrates in Africa south of the Sahara (Ethiopian region). Report to the Director of Veterinary Services, Onderstepoort, South Africa, Project S. 9958, 260 pp." type="book" year="1962">Theiler 1962</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F47C747B9E18911B1ACFDF1" author="Elbl A & Anastos, G." box="[969,1218,547,573]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 275" refId="ref191008" refString="Elbl A. & Anastos, G. (1966 a) Ixodid ticks (Acarina, Ixodidae) of Central Africa. Volume I. General introduction. Genus Amblyomma Koch, 1844. Annales du Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Serie 8, Sciences Zoologique s, (145), 1 - 275." type="journal article" year="1966">
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Elbl & Anastos 1966
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F47C747BE9D8911B1ACFDF1" author="Aeschlimann, A." box="[1205,1218,547,573]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="281 - 405" refId="ref167319" refString="Aeschlimann, A. (1967) Biologie et ecologie des tiques (Ixodoidea) de Cote d'Ivoire. Acta Tropica, 24, 281 - 405." type="journal article" year="1967">a</bibRefCitation>
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</bibRefCitation>
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, Yeoman & Walker 1967,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F47C747BAF58975B4B5FDAD" author="Bergeon, P. & Balis, J." box="[221,475,583,609]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="285 - 299" refId="ref177046" refString="Bergeon, P. & Balis, J. (1974) Contribution a l'etude de la repartition des tiques en Ethiopie (enquete effectuee de 1965 a 1969). Revue d'Elevage et de Medecine Veterinaire des Pays Tropicaux, 27, 285 - 299." type="journal article" year="1974">Bergeon & Balis 1974</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F47C747BBCD8975B716FDAD" author="Walker, J. B." box="[485,632,583,609]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refId="ref262953" refString="Walker, J. B. (1974) The ixodid ticks of Kenya. A review of present knowledge of their hosts and distribution. Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London, 220 pp." type="book" year="1974">Walker 1974</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F47C747B8AB8975B637FDAD" author="Kariuki, E. & Kutima, H. & Koch, M. & Horak, I. G. & Jooste, R. & Neves, L." box="[643,857,583,609]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 5" refId="ref213739" refString="Kariuki, E., Kutima, H., Koch, M., Horak, I. G., Jooste, R. & Neves, L. (2019) Ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) collected from African savanna elephants (Loxodonta africana) and African forest elephants (Loxodonta cyclotis). Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 86 (1) (article a 1781), 1 - 5. https: // doi. org / 10.4102 / ojvr. v 86 i 1.1781" type="journal article" year="2019">
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Kariuki
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F47C747B8F78975B679FDAD" box="[735,791,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">et al.</emphasis>
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2019
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F47C747B94C8975B153FDAD" author="Olivieri, E. & Kariuki, E. & Floriano, A. M. & Castelli, M. & Tafesse, Y. M. & Magoga, G. & Kumsa, B. & Montagna, B. & Sassera, D." box="[868,1085,583,609]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="427 - 448" refId="ref239145" refString="Olivieri, E., Kariuki, E., Floriano, A. M., Castelli, M., Tafesse, Y. M., Magoga, G., Kumsa, B., Montagna, B. & Sassera, D. (2021) Multi-country investigation of the diversity and associated microorganisms isolated from tick species from domestic animals, wildlife and vegetation in selected African countries. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 83, 427 - 448. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 021 - 00598 - 3" type="journal article" year="2021">
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Olivieri
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F47C747B9EA8975B694FDAD" box="[962,1018,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">et al.</emphasis>
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2021
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F47C747BAEF8959B167FBF9" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F47C747BAEF8959B439FD00" blockId="44.[151,1437,510,1077]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F47C747BAEF8959B49FFD49" author="Matthysse, J. G. & Colbo, M. H." box="[199,497,619,645]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refId="ref229336" refString="Matthysse, J. G. & Colbo, M. H. (1987) The ixodid ticks of Uganda. Entomological Society of America, College, Park, Maryland, 426 pp." type="book" year="1987">Matthysse & Colbo (1987)</bibRefCitation>
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and others stated that adults of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F47C747B9648959B120FD49" authorityName="Gerstacker" authorityYear="1873" box="[844,1102,619,645]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eburneum">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F47C747B9648959B120FD49" box="[844,1102,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Amblyomma eburneum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be confused with those of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F47C747BABF89BDB415FD64" box="[151,379,655,681]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemma">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F47C747BABF89BDB415FD64" box="[151,379,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Amblyomma gemma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and the females of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F47C747B87589BDB60EFD65" authorityName="Gerstacker" authorityYear="1873" box="[605,864,655,681]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eburneum">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F47C747B87589BDB60EFD65" box="[605,864,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Amblyomma eburneum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F47C747B9BE89BDB1EDFD65" box="[918,1155,655,681]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lepidum">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F47C747B9BE89BDB1EDFD65" box="[918,1155,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Amblyomma lepidum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are not readily separable morphologically.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F47C747BAEF89E5B755FCD9" blockId="44.[151,1437,510,1077]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F47C747BAEF89E5B40EFD3D" author="Morel, P. C." box="[199,352,727,753]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refId="ref232201" refString="Morel, P. C. (1980) Study on Ethiopian ticks. Institut de l'Elevage et de Medecine Veterinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Paris, 332 pp." type="book" year="1980">Morel (1980)</bibRefCitation>
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doubted the presence of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F47C747B8A089E5B6E0FD3D" authorityName="Gerstacker" authorityYear="1873" box="[648,910,727,753]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eburneum">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F47C747B8A089E5B6E0FD3D" box="[648,910,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Amblyomma eburneum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F47C747B99089E5B174FD3D" box="[952,1050,727,753]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
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, and this country is provisionally included within the range of this tick.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F47C747BAEF882DB0E8FBDD" blockId="44.[151,1437,510,1077]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F47C747BAEF882DB49CFCF5" author="Matthysse, J. G. & Colbo, M. H." box="[199,498,799,825]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refId="ref229336" refString="Matthysse, J. G. & Colbo, M. H. (1987) The ixodid ticks of Uganda. Entomological Society of America, College, Park, Maryland, 426 pp." type="book" year="1987">Matthysse & Colbo (1987)</bibRefCitation>
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asserted that
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F47C747B8A1882DB6E5FCF5" authorityName="Gerstacker" authorityYear="1873" box="[649,907,799,825]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eburneum">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F47C747B8A1882DB6E5FCF5" box="[649,907,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Amblyomma eburneum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has not been found in
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F47C747BEAE882DB445FC91" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">the Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
|
|
. There are two records of this tick from that country in
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F47C747B9A68871B1F9FC91" author="Elbl A & Anastos, G." box="[910,1175,835,861]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 275" refId="ref191008" refString="Elbl A. & Anastos, G. (1966 a) Ixodid ticks (Acarina, Ixodidae) of Central Africa. Volume I. General introduction. Genus Amblyomma Koch, 1844. Annales du Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Serie 8, Sciences Zoologique s, (145), 1 - 275." type="journal article" year="1966">Elbl & Anastos (1966a)</bibRefCitation>
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, although these authors state that they may be “accidental,” while
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|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F47C747B8568855B64BFC4D" author="Tandon, S. K." box="[638,805,871,897]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 175" refId="ref256942" refString="Tandon, S. K. (1991) The ixodid ticks of Zambia (Acarina: Ixodidae). A study of distribution, ecology and host relationships. Occasional Paper of the Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 134, 1 - 175." type="journal article" year="1991">Tandon (1991)</bibRefCitation>
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|
listed a record of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F47C747B9D28855B190FC4D" box="[1018,1278,871,897]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eburenum">
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|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F47C747B9D28855B190FC4D" box="[1018,1278,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Amblyomma eburenum</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
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|
from
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F47C747BF6F8855B0F3FC4D" box="[1351,1437,871,897]" name="Zambia" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Zambia</collectingCountry>
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|
but believed that this tick is not established there. We have provisionally excluded
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F47C747BE1388B9B58CFC05" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">the Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
|
|
and
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|
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F47C747BB3E889DB402FC05" box="[278,364,943,969]" name="Zambia" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Zambia</collectingCountry>
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|
from the range of this tick.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F47C747B8B6889DB61EFC05" author="Okely, M. & Chen, Z. & Anan, R. & Gad-Allah, S." box="[670,880,943,969]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="811 - 838" refId="ref238447" refString="Okely, M., Chen, Z., Anan, R. & Gad-Allah, S. (2022) Updated checklist of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of Egypt, with notes of livestock host and tick-borne pathogens. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 27, 811 - 838. https: // doi. org / 10.11158 / saa. 27.5.1" type="journal article" year="2022">
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Okely
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|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F47C747B8C0889DB671FC05" box="[744,799,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">et al.</emphasis>
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|
(2022)
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|
</bibRefCitation>
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|
listed a record from
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|
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F47C747BE7D889DB1F6FC05" box="[1109,1176,943,969]" name="Egypt" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Egypt</collectingCountry>
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|
but stated that this species is not established in that country.
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|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F47C747B81588E1B784FC21" author="Kolonin, G. V." box="[573,746,979,1005]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refId="ref221361" refString="Kolonin, G. V. (2009) Fauna of ixodid ticks of the world. https: // archive. is / CtZk. Last accessed February 11, 2022." type="url" year="2009">Kolonin (2009)</bibRefCitation>
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|
stated that his understanding of the geographic distribution of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F47C747BABF88C5B4F4FBDD" authorityName="Gerstacker" authorityYear="1873" box="[151,410,1015,1041]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eburneum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F47C747BABF88C5B4F4FBDD" box="[151,410,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Amblyomma eburneum</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
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|
was based on
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|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F47C747B81588C5B638FBDD" author="Voltzit, O. V. & Keirans, J. E." box="[573,854,1015,1041]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="135 - 214" refId="ref262289" refString="Voltzit, O. V. & Keirans, J. E. (2003) A review of African Amblyomma species (Acari, Ixodida, Ixodidae). Acarina, 11, 135 - 214." type="journal article" year="2003">Voltzit & Keirans (2003)</bibRefCitation>
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|
, but there are discordances between these studies.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F47C747BAEF8F29B167FBF9" blockId="44.[151,1437,510,1077]" box="[199,1033,1051,1077]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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|
Data concerning
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F47C747BBAE8F29B7E7FBF9" authorityName="Gerstacker" authorityYear="1873" box="[390,649,1051,1077]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eburneum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F47C747BBAE8F29B7E7FBF9" box="[390,649,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Amblyomma eburneum</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
should be considered provisional.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
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</document> |