716 lines
85 KiB
XML
716 lines
85 KiB
XML
<document id="E232854619607E2E9206003AF20C7279" ID-CLB-Dataset="235222" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5251.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="43227427-a867-4744-9e4c-2b2302524890" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7704190" ID-ZooBank="3326BF76-A2FB-4244-BA4C-D0AF81F55637" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1678178331427" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Guglielmone, Alberto A., Nava, Santiago & Robbins, Richard G." docDate="2023" docId="03966A560F11C710BABF88E1B152FC4D" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5251.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5251 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5251.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Rhipicephalus microplus" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="124" masterDocId="FFAF122E0F6BC76BBA288B32B56EFFCC" masterDocTitle="Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories" masterLastPageNumber="274" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="123" updateTime="1699476275219" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="CCBDFB3F000EC8D879340D4442880C11">
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<mods:title id="92ED37C8E7F39ABC9051B031FC20219F">Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E1672037197E03F5F6319950F2410248">Guglielmone, Alberto A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E8A6F8BAE190A426077C553FB7155018" type="email">guglielmone.alberto@inta.gob.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="78E7C3D0049D2363276DBD0F22039204">Nava, Santiago</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="CAF568CA4D57E459FCC54639C30A6DFD" type="email">nava.santiago@inta.gob.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="8ACAEA6B9572A8986432C56B6CAC79EE">Robbins, Richard G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="834BAF42B73819A3DED691AD35D08343" type="ORCID">0000-0003-2443-5271</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="AC4FBD64C1FD6D578D8B129AAC78053F" type="email">robbinsrg@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="04D2B28C771283D3FB039D795FA12A9A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="07D49493A55ED1CBB369A6B64799D6B8">
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<mods:date id="765D321F976463A953C5D71E3EA69669">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="94875C5351F8CFCF390467780A4FFA22">2023-03-07</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="77AC64DFD8DD788CE48A64C429D8F06D" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="74FAB93D2682A9AE363F3C04CCEA81B2">5251</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="EC43C46B88375A0A0E99878F17987BD5" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5251.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03966A560F11C710BABF88E1B152FC4D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7718405" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209449903" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7718405" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03966A560F11C710BABF88E1B152FC4D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03966A560F11C710BABF88E1B152FC4D" lastPageId="123" lastPageNumber="124" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F11C711BABF88E1B7B5FC21" box="[151,731,978,1005]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F11C711BABF88E1B7B5FC21" blockId="122.[151,1437,978,2013]" box="[151,731,978,1005]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F11C711BABF88E1B5D5FC21" bold="true" box="[151,187,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">50.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F11C711BAEE88E0B7B6FC21" ID-CoL="78TH5" ID-ENA="6941" authority="(Canestrini, 1888)" baseAuthorityName="Canestrini" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[198,728,978,1005]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microplus">
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||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F11C711BAEE88E0B49AFC21" bold="true" box="[198,500,978,1005]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Rhipicephalus microplus</emphasis>
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||
(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F11C711B82E88E1B7A1FC21" author="Canestrini, G." box="[518,719,979,1005]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" pagination="100 - 109" refId="ref179873" refString="Canestrini, G. (1888) Intorno da alcuni Acari ed Opilonidi dell'America. Atti della Societa Veneto-Trentina di Scienze Naturali Residente in Padova, 11, 100 - 109." type="journal article" year="1888">Canestrini, 1888</bibRefCitation>
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)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F11C710B8CC88E1B415FF19" lastPageId="123" lastPageNumber="124" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" type="distribution">
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||
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F11C710B8CC88E1B415FF19" blockId="122.[151,1437,978,2013]" lastBlockId="123.[151,1437,151,897]" lastPageId="123" lastPageNumber="124" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
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||
Afrotropical: 1)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711B98F88E1B691FC21" box="[935,1023,979,1005]" name="Angola" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Angola</collectingCountry>
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, 2)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BE1A88E1B114FC21" box="[1074,1146,979,1005]" name="Benin" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Benin</collectingCountry>
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, 3)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BE8488E1B063FC21" box="[1196,1293,979,1005]" name="Burundi" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Burundi</collectingCountry>
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, 4)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BF1788E1B5BEFBDD" name="Burkina Faso" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Burkina Faso</collectingCountry>
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, 5)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BAD688C5B417FBDD" box="[254,377,1015,1041]" name="Cameroon" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
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, 6)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BB8F88C5B77AFBDD" box="[423,532,1015,1041]" name="Comoros" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Comoros</collectingCountry>
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, 7)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711B86A88C5B7C4FBDD" box="[578,682,1015,1041]" name="Swaziland" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Eswatini</collectingCountry>
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, 8)
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711B8F088C5B648FBDD" box="[728,806,1015,1041]" name="Ghana" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Ghana</collectingCountry>
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, 9)
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711B97C88C5B6C4FBDD" box="[852,938,1015,1041]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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, 10)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711B9CE88C5B11DFBDD" box="[998,1139,1015,1041]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
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, 11)
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BE8688C5B192FBDD" box="[1198,1276,1015,1041]" name="Kenya" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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, 12)
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BF1088C5B0F6FBDD" box="[1336,1432,1015,1041]" name="Lesotho" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Lesotho</collectingCountry>
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, 13)
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BAED8F29B43CFBF9" box="[197,338,1051,1077]" name="Madagascar" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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, 14)
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BBA28F29B48BFBF9" box="[394,485,1051,1077]" name="Malawi" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Malawi</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 15)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711B8368F29B73AFBF9" box="[542,596,1051,1077]" name="Serbia" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Mali</collectingCountry>
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(south), 16)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711B8C18F29B632FBF9" box="[745,860,1051,1077]" name="Mauritius" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
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, 17) Mayotte, 18)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BE188F29B1A5FBF9" box="[1072,1227,1051,1077]" name="Mozambique" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
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, 19)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BF2C8F29B004FBF9" box="[1284,1386,1051,1077]" name="Namibia" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Namibia</collectingCountry>
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, 20)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BABF8F0DB59EFB95" box="[151,240,1087,1113]" name="Nigeria" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
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, 21) Réunion, 22)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BBF88F0DB720FB95" box="[464,590,1087,1113]" name="Seychelles" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
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, 23)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711B8A48F0DB64AFB95" box="[652,804,1087,1113]" name="South Africa" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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, 24)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711B9498F0DB6C2FB95" box="[865,940,1087,1113]" name="Sudan" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Sudan</collectingCountry>
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, 24)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711B9C18F0DB13AFB95" box="[1001,1108,1087,1113]" name="Tanzania" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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, 26)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BEB88F0DB1A0FB95" box="[1168,1230,1087,1113]" name="Togo" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Togo</collectingCountry>
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, 27)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BF238F0DB006FB95" box="[1291,1384,1087,1113]" name="Uganda" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Uganda</collectingCountry>
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, 28)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BABF8F51B59CFBB1" box="[151,242,1123,1149]" name="Zambia" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Zambia</collectingCountry>
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, 29)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BB038F51B4C4FBB1" box="[299,426,1123,1149]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
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||
; Australasian: 1)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711B85A8F51B79DFBB1" box="[626,755,1123,1149]" name="Timor-Leste" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">East Timor</collectingCountry>
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||
, 2)
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711B9358F51B6E3FBB1" box="[797,909,1123,1149]" name="Indonesia" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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(east of Wallace’s Line); Nearctic: 1)
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BF6C8F51B0F2FBB1" box="[1348,1436,1123,1149]" name="Mexico" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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(north), 2)
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BB318FB5B438FB6D" box="[281,342,1159,1185]" name="United States of America" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">USA</collectingCountry>
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||
; Neotropical: 1)
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711B8368FB5B673FB6D" box="[542,797,1159,1185]" name="Antigua and Barbuda" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Antigua and Barbuda</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 2)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711B9628FB5B6AEFB6D" box="[842,960,1159,1185]" name="Argentina" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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||
, 3)
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711B9C78FB5B132FB6D" box="[1007,1116,1159,1185]" name="Bahamas" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 4)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BEA38FB5B195FB6D" box="[1163,1275,1159,1185]" name="Barbados" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Barbados</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 5)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BF028FB5B019FB6D" box="[1322,1399,1159,1185]" name="Belize" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Belize</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 6)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BABF8F99B581FB09" box="[151,239,1195,1221]" name="Bolivia" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
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||
, 7)
|
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BB318F99B40CFB09" box="[281,354,1195,1221]" name="Brazil" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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||
, 8)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BBA58F99B76CFB09" box="[397,514,1195,1221]" name="Colombia" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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||
, 9)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711B8048F99B7C3FB09" box="[556,685,1195,1221]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 10)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711B8CE8F99B648FB09" box="[742,806,1195,1221]" name="Cuba" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 11)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711B9758F99B6BCFB09" box="[861,978,1195,1221]" name="Dominica" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Dominica</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 12)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BE238F99B193FB09" box="[1035,1277,1195,1221]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Dominican Republic</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 13)
|
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BF1E8F99B0F6FB09" box="[1334,1432,1195,1221]" name="Ecuador" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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||
, 14)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BAEE8FFDB421FB25" box="[198,335,1231,1257]" name="El Salvador" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">El Salvador</collectingCountry>
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||
, 15) French Guiana, 16)
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711B85B8FFDB7B6FB25" box="[627,728,1231,1257]" name="Grenada" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Grenada</collectingCountry>
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||
, 17) Guadeloupe, 18)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711B9F38FFDB135FB25" box="[987,1115,1231,1257]" name="Guatemala" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 19)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BEBE8FFDB19DFB25" box="[1174,1267,1231,1257]" name="Guyana" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Guyana</collectingCountry>
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, 20)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BF058FFDB004FB25" box="[1325,1386,1231,1257]" name="Haiti" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Haiti</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 21)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BABF8FC1B464FAC1" box="[151,266,1267,1293]" name="Honduras" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 22)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BB6F8FC1B4C9FAC1" box="[327,423,1267,1293]" name="Jamaica" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
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||
, 23) Martinique, 24)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711B88B8FC1B795FAC1" box="[675,763,1267,1293]" name="Mexico" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
(south), 25) Montserrat, 26)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BE7C8FC1B1A3FAC1" box="[1108,1229,1267,1293]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 27)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BF228FC1B006FAC1" box="[1290,1384,1267,1293]" name="Panama" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 28)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BABF8E25B46DFAFD" box="[151,259,1303,1329]" name="Paraguay" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 29)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BB168E25B418FAFD" box="[318,374,1303,1329]" name="Peru" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 30)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BB998E25B753FAFD" box="[433,573,1303,1329]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 31)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711B8518E25B7DAFAFD" box="[633,692,1303,1329]" name="Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Saba</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 32) Saint Eustatius, 33)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711B9F28E25B1BBFAFD" box="[986,1237,1303,1329]" name="Saint Kitts and Nevis" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Saint Kitts and Nevis</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 34)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BF388E25B0F6FAFD" box="[1296,1432,1303,1329]" name="Saint Lucia" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Saint Lucia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 35)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BAEE8E09B434FA99" box="[198,346,1339,1365]" name="Sint Martin" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Saint Martin</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 36)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BBBD8E09B672FA99" box="[405,796,1339,1365]" name="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 37)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711B97F8E09B6A7FA99" box="[855,969,1339,1365]" name="Suriname" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Suriname</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 38)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BE2B8E09B199FA99" box="[1027,1271,1339,1365]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Trinidad and Tobago</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 39)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BF1A8E09B0F6FA99" box="[1330,1432,1339,1365]" name="Uruguay" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 40)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BAE08E6DB4DDFAB5" box="[200,435,1375,1401]" name="USA Virgin Islands" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">USA Virgin Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 41)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BBDA8E6DB702FAB5" box="[498,620,1375,1401]" name="Venezuela" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
; Oriental: 1)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711B9268E6DB6F6FAB5" box="[782,920,1375,1401]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 2)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711B9E18E6DB172FAB5" box="[969,1052,1375,1401]" name="Bhutan" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(south), 3)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BE858E6DB049FAB5" box="[1197,1319,1375,1401]" name="Cambodia" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 4)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BF7F8E6DB0F2FAB5" box="[1367,1436,1375,1401]" name="China" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(south), 5)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BB3D8EB1B43DFA51" box="[277,339,1411,1437]" name="India" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 6)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BB548EB1B482FA51" box="[380,492,1411,1437]" name="Indonesia" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(west of Wallace’s Line), 7)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711B91F8EB1B617FA51" box="[823,889,1411,1437]" name="Japan" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(the Ryukyu Islands), 8)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BEB28EB1B1BBFA51" box="[1178,1237,1411,1437]" name="Laos" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 9)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BED68EB1B005FA51" box="[1278,1387,1411,1437]" name="Malaysia" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 10)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BABF8E95B467FA0D" box="[151,265,1447,1473]" name="Myanmar" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 11)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BB698E95B4E8FA0D" box="[321,390,1447,1473]" name="Nepal" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
(south and central), 12)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711B88A8E95B66AFA0D" box="[674,772,1447,1473]" name="Pakistan" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(east), 13)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711B9AF8E95B162FA0D" box="[903,1036,1447,1473]" name="Philippines" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 14)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BE6D8E95B1D3FA0D" box="[1093,1213,1447,1473]" name="Singapore" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 15)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BEDE8E95B004FA0D" box="[1270,1386,1447,1473]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 16)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BABF8EF9B580FA29" box="[151,238,1483,1509]" name="Taiwan" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 17)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BB028EF9B4FAFA29" box="[298,404,1483,1509]" name="Thailand" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 18)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BBE78EF9B75AFA29" box="[463,564,1483,1509]" name="Vietnam" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
; Palearctic: 1)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711B8CB8EF9B61DFA29" box="[739,883,1483,1509]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 2)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711B9888EF9B68BFA29" box="[928,997,1483,1509]" name="China" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(north), 3)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BE468EF9B1DEFA29" box="[1134,1200,1483,1509]" name="Japan" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(except the Ryukyu Islands), 4)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BB348EDDB410F9C5" box="[284,382,1519,1545]" name="Pakistan" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(west), 5)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BBDD8EDDB7E6F9C5" box="[501,648,1519,1545]" name="South Korea" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">South Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
; remote islands: 1) Pacific Ocean Islands (central) of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BEC98EDDB044F9C5" box="[1249,1322,1519,1545]" name="Guam" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Guam</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BF1C8EDDB43DF9E1" name="Northern Mariana Islands" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Northern Mariana Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BBB98D21B4BFF9E1" box="[401,465,1555,1581]" name="Palau" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Palau</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F11C711BBCB8D21B7FBF9E1" author="Saunders, P. T." box="[483,661,1555,1581]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" pagination="132 - 138" refId="ref252038" refString="Saunders, P. T. (1914) Notes on some parasites of livestock in the West Indies. West Indies Bulletin, 14, 132 - 138." type="journal article" year="1914">Saunders 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Arag ã o 1936,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F11C711B9658D21B688F9E1" author="Cooley, R. A." box="[845,998,1555,1581]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref184684" refString="Cooley, R. A. (1946) The genera Boophilus, Rhipicephalus, and Haemaphysalis (Ixodoidea) of the New World. National Institute of Health Bulletin, (187), 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="1946">Cooley 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F11C711B9DC8D21B1F9F9E1" author="Anastos, G." box="[1012,1175,1554,1581]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" pagination="1 - 144" refId="ref168815" refString="Anastos, G. (1950) The scutate ticks, or Ixodidae, of Indonesia. Entomologica Americana, 30, 1 - 144." type="journal article" year="1950">Anastos 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F11C711BE8E8D21B02EF9E1" author="Kohls, G. M." box="[1190,1344,1554,1581]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref219699" refString="Kohls, G. M. (1950 b) Ticks (Ixodoidea) of The Philippines. National Institute of Health Bulletin, (192), 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="1950">Kohls 1950b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F11C711BF678D20B0F9F9E1" author="Kohls, G. M." box="[1359,1431,1554,1581]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" pagination="85 - 104" refId="ref220012" refString="Kohls, G. M. (1957 a) Insects of Micronesia. Acarina. Ixodoidea. Insects of Micronesia, 3, 85 - 104." type="journal article" year="1957">1957a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F11C711BABF8D05B4FBF99D" author="Floch, H. & Fauran, P." box="[151,405,1590,1617]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" pagination="1 - 94" refId="ref195625" refString="Floch, H. & Fauran, P. (1958) Ixodides de la Guyane et des Antilles Francaises. Archives de l'Institut Pasteur de la Guyane et de l'Inini, (446), 1 - 94." type="journal article" year="1958">Floch & Fauran 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F11C711BB898D05B707F99D" author="Audy, J. R. & Nadchatram, M. & Boo-Liat, L." box="[417,617,1591,1617]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" pagination="225 - 246" refId="ref174019" refString="Audy, J. R., Nadchatram, M. & Boo-Liat, L. (1960) Malaysian parasites. XLIX. Host distribution of Malayan ticks (Ixodoidea). Studies from the Institute for Medical Research, Federation of Malaya, (29), 225 - 246." type="journal article" year="1960">
|
||
Audy
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F11C711BBC28D05B74BF99D" box="[490,549,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1960
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F11C711B85F8D05B65CF99D" author="Hoffmann, A." box="[631,818,1591,1617]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" pagination="191 - 307" refId="ref202020" refString="Hoffmann, A. (1962) Monografia de los Ixodoidea de Mexico. I parte. Revista de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural, 23, 191 - 307." type="journal article" year="1962">Hoffmann 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F11C711B9178D05B6A4F99D" author="Morel, P. C." box="[831,970,1591,1617]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" pagination="307 - 321" refId="ref231972" refString="Morel, P. C. (1966) Etude sur les tiques du betail en Guadeloupe et Martinique. I. Les tiques et leur distribution (Acariens, Ixodoidea). Revue de l'Elevage et de Medecine Veterinaire des Pays Tropicaux, 19, 307 - 321. https: // doi. org / 10.19182 / remvt. 7396" type="journal article" year="1966">Morel 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F11C711B9FE8D05B19AF99D" author="Yeoman, G. H. & Walker, J. B." box="[982,1268,1591,1617]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refId="ref266297" refString="Yeoman, G. H. & Walker, J. B. (1967) The ixodid ticks of Tanzania. A study of the zoogeography of the Ixodidae of an East African country. Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London, 215 pp." type="book" year="1967">Yeoman & Walker 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F11C711BF298D05B0F6F99D" author="Kohls, G. M." box="[1281,1432,1591,1617]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" pagination="126 - 134" refId="ref220473" refString="Kohls, G. M. (1969 c) New records of ticks from the Lesser Antilles. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 28 (106) 126 - 134." type="journal article" year="1969">Kohls 1969c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F11C711BABF8D69B4E2F9B9" author="Yamaguti, N. & Tipton, V. J. & Keegan, H. L. & Toshioka, S." box="[151,396,1627,1653]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" pagination="1 - 226" refId="ref265900" refString="Yamaguti, N., Tipton, V. J., Keegan, H. L. & Toshioka, S. (1971) Ticks of Japan, Korea, and the Ryukyu Islands. Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, Biological Series, 15 (1), 1 - 226. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 25691" type="journal article" year="1971">
|
||
Yamaguti
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F11C711BB268D69B426F9B9" box="[270,328,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1971
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F11C711BBB08D69B730F9B9" author="Jones, E. K. & Clifford, C. M. & Keirans J. E. & Kohls, G. M." box="[408,606,1627,1653]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref212254" refString="Jones, E. K., Clifford, C. M., Keirans J. E. & Kohls, G. M. (1972) The ticks of Venezuela (Acarina: Ixodoidea) with a key to the species of Amblyomma in the Western Hemisphere. Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, Biological Series, 17 (4), 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="1972">
|
||
Jones
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F11C711BBC88D69B774F9B9" box="[480,538,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1972
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F11C711B8428D69B79DF9B9" author="Smith, M. W." box="[618,755,1627,1653]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" pagination="559 - 567" refId="ref254836" refString="Smith, M. W. (1974) A survey of the distribution of the ixodid ticks Boophilus microplus (Canestrini, 1888) and Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius, 1787) in Trinidad and Tobago and the possible influence of the survey results on planned livestock development. Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad), 51, 559 - 567." type="journal article" year="1974">Smith 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F11C711B8D78D69B6FBF9B9" author="Walker, J. B." box="[767,917,1627,1653]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refId="ref262953" refString="Walker, J. B. (1974) The ixodid ticks of Kenya. A review of present knowledge of their hosts and distribution. Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London, 220 pp." type="book" year="1974">Walker 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F11C711B98A8D69B12AF9B9" author="Rawlins, S. C." box="[930,1092,1627,1653]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" pagination="87 - 91" refId="ref245845" refString="Rawlins, S. C. (1979) Seasonal variation in the population density of larvae of Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) (Acari: Ixodoidea) in Jamaica pastures. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 69, 87 - 91. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300017910" type="journal article" year="1979">Rawlins 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F11C711BE798D69B027F9B9" author="Uilenberg, G. & Klein, J. M." box="[1105,1353,1627,1653]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" pagination="1 - 153" refId="ref260875" refString="Uilenberg, G., Hoogstraal. H. & Klein, J. M. (1979) Les tiques (Ixodoidea) de Madagascar et leur role vecteur. Archives de l'Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Numero Special, 1 - 153." type="book chapter" year="1979">
|
||
Uilenberg
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F11C711BEE38D69B068F9B9" box="[1227,1286,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1979
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F11C711BF7E8D69B45BF955" author="Payne, R. C. & Scott, J. M." pageId="122" pageNumber="123" pagination="75 - 80" refId="ref241647" refString="Payne, R. C. & Scott, J. M. (1982) Anaplasmosis and babesiosis in El Salvador. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 14, 75 - 80. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02282584" type="journal article" year="1982">Payne & Scott 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F11C711BB6A8D4DB75DF955" author="Barre, N. & Morel, P. C." box="[322,563,1663,1689]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" pagination="371 - 377" refId="ref175269" refString="Barre, N. & Morel, P. C. (1983) Tiques (Acariens, Ixodoidea) des Mascareignes (Ocean Indien) et maladies transmises Babesioses, Theileriose, Borreliose, Cowdriose. Revue d'Elevage et de Medecine Veterinaire des Pays Tropicaux, 36, 371 - 377." type="journal article" year="1983">Barré & Morel 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F11C711B8178D4DB64EF955" author="Tanskul, P. & Stark, H. E. & Inlao, I." box="[575,800,1663,1689]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" pagination="330 - 341" refId="ref257052" refString="Tanskul, P., Stark, H. E. & Inlao, I. (1983) A checklist of ticks of Thailand (Acari: Metastigmata: Ixodoidea). Journal of Medical Entomology, 20, 330 - 341. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 20.3.330" type="journal article" year="1983">
|
||
Tanskul
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F11C711B88A8D4DB7B3F955" box="[674,733,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1983
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F11C711B9058D4DB165F955" author="Gang, Y. B. & Jang, D. H." box="[813,1035,1662,1689]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" pagination="313 - 323" refId="ref196534" refString="Gang, Y. B. & Jang, D. H. (1985) Scanning electron microscopic observations on the surface structure of the tick Boophilus microplus (Canestrini, 1887) female specimens. Korean Journal of Parasitology, 23, 313 - 323. https: // doi. org / 10.3347 / kjp. 1985.23.2.313" type="journal article" year="1985">Gang & Jang 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F11C711BE308D4DB041F955" author="Garris, G. I. & Scotland, K." box="[1048,1327,1662,1689]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" pagination="367 - 373" refId="ref196909" refString="Garris, G. I. & Scotland, K. (1985) Ticks on livestock in St. Lucia. Veterinary Parasitology, 18, 367 - 373." type="journal article" year="1985">
|
||
Garris &
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F11C711BEAE8D4DB185F955" box="[1158,1259,1663,1689]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Scotland</collectingCountry>
|
||
1985
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Instituto Interamericano para la Cooperación en Agricultura 1985, 1988,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F11C711B9B08D91B1B6F971" author="Rahman, M. H. & Mondal, M. M. H." box="[920,1240,1698,1725]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" pagination="145 - 149" refId="ref244938" refString="Rahman, M. H. & Mondal, M. M. H. (1985) Tick fauna of Bangladesh. Indian Journal of Parasitology, 9, 145 - 149." type="journal article" year="1985">Rahman and Mondal 1985</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F10C710BAEF8BEDB152FC4D" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" type="discussion">
|
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F10C710BAEF8BEDB5A3FE1D" blockId="123.[151,1437,151,897]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">
|
||
Most authors have referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F10C710B8058BEDB629FF35" baseAuthorityName="Canestrini" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[557,839,223,249]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microplus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F10C710B8058BEDB629FF35" box="[557,839,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">Rhipicephalus microplus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F10C710B95C8BEDB10EFF35" box="[884,1120,223,249]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Boophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microplus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F10C710B95C8BEDB10EFF35" box="[884,1120,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">Boophilus microplus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and, to a lesser extent, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F10C710BABF8A31B41DFED1" authorityName="Stiles & Hassall" authorityYear="1901" box="[151,371,259,285]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Boophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F10C710BABF8A31B41DFED1" box="[151,371,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">Boophilus australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F10C710BBAA8A31B7BBFED1" box="[386,725,259,285]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Boophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="annulatus" subSpecies="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F10C710BBAA8A31B7BBFED1" box="[386,725,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">Boophilus annulatus australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F10C710B8CC8A31B12AFED1" authorityName="Lahille" authorityYear="1905" box="[740,1092,259,285]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Boophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="annulatus" subSpecies="microplus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F10C710B8CC8A31B12AFED1" box="[740,1092,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">Boophilus annulatus microplus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F10C710BE7B8A31B03AFED1" authorityName="Hunter & Hooker" authorityYear="1907" box="[1107,1364,259,285]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Margaropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microplus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F10C710BE7B8A31B03AFED1" box="[1107,1364,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">Margaropus microplus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F10C710BF4B8A31B4BFFE8D" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Margaropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="annulatus" subSpecies="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F10C710BF4B8A31B4BFFE8D" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">Margaropus annulatus australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F10C710BBDE8A15B602FE8D" authorityName="Rohr" authorityYear="1909" box="[502,876,295,321]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Margaropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="annulatus" subSpecies="microplus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F10C710BBDE8A15B602FE8D" box="[502,876,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">Margaropus annulatus microplus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, among other names.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F10C710BE4B8A15B046FE8D" author="Canestrini, G." box="[1123,1320,295,321]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" pagination="100 - 109" refId="ref179873" refString="Canestrini, G. (1888) Intorno da alcuni Acari ed Opilonidi dell'America. Atti della Societa Veneto-Trentina di Scienze Naturali Residente in Padova, 11, 100 - 109." type="journal article" year="1888">Canestrini (1888)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
originally described this tick under the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F10C710B80B8A79B7BEFEA9" box="[547,720,331,357]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F10C710B80B8A79B7BEFEA9" box="[547,720,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">Haemaphysalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F10C710B9208A79B6A3FEA9" author="Canestrini, G." box="[776,973,331,357]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" pagination="427 - 540" refId="ref179905" refString="Canestrini, G. (1890) Prospetto dell'acarofauna italiana. IV. Famiglie: Tetranychini, Ixodini, Argasini. Edizione Prosperini, Padova, pp. 427 - 540." type="book chapter" year="1890">Canestrini (1890)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
later transferred this species to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F10C710BABF8A5DB459FE45" authorityName="C.L.Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[151,311,367,393]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F10C710BABF8A5DB459FE45" box="[151,311,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">Rhipicephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although his proposal was not accepted by tick taxonomists until
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F10C710BE118A5DB038FE45" author="Murrell, A. & Barker, S. C." box="[1081,1366,367,393]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" pagination="169 - 172" refId="ref233321" refString="Murrell, A. & Barker, S. C. (2003) Synonymy of Boophilus Curtice, 1891 with Rhipicephalus Koch, 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae). Systematic Parasitology, 56, 169 - 172. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / B: SYPA. 0000003802.36517. a 0" type="journal article" year="2003">Murrell & Barker (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
again classified this species under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F10C710BBF38AA1B715FE61" authorityName="C.L.Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[475,635,403,429]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F10C710BBF38AA1B715FE61" box="[475,635,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">Rhipicephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Nevertheless, some authors still refer to this tick as
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F10C710BEF18AA1B5A3FE1D" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F10C710BEF18AA1B5A7FE1D" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Boophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microplus">Boophilus microplus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F10C710BAEF8AE9B6BEFCF5" blockId="123.[151,1437,151,897]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">
|
||
Some records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F10C710BBA78AE9B7C6FE39" baseAuthorityName="Canestrini" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[399,680,475,501]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microplus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F10C710BBA78AE9B7C6FE39" box="[399,680,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">Rhipicephalus microplus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F10C710B8FA8AE9B651FE39" box="[722,831,475,501]" name="Indonesia" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(east of Wallace´s Line),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F10C710BE468AE9B181FE39" box="[1134,1263,475,501]" name="Timor-Leste" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">East Timor</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and territories within the Oriental Zoogeographic Region published prior to the study of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F10C710B9C58ACDB075FDD5" author="Estrada-Pena, A. & Venzal, A. J. & Nava, S. & Mangold, A. & Guglielmone, A. A. & Labruna, M. B. & de la Fuente, J." box="[1005,1307,511,537]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" pagination="794 - 802" refId="ref192731" refString="Estrada-Pena, A., Venzal, A. J., Nava, S., Mangold, A., Guglielmone, A. A., Labruna, M. B. & de la Fuente, J. (2012) Reinstatement of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) australis Fuller, the Australian cattle tick (Acari: Ixodidae) with redescription of the adult and larval stages. Journal of Medical Entomology, 49, 794 - 802. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / ME 11223" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Estrada-Peña
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F10C710BEA28ACDB1ABFDD5" box="[1162,1221,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2012)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who redescribed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F10C710BAD88911B495FDF1" authorityName="Fuller" authorityYear="1899" box="[240,507,547,573]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F10C710BAD88911B495FDF1" box="[240,507,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">Rhipicephalus australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, may be the result of confusion with the latter species. Therefore, the presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F10C710BABF8975B4C1FDAD" baseAuthorityName="Canestrini" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[151,431,583,609]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microplus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F10C710BABF8975B4C1FDAD" box="[151,431,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">Rhipicephalus microplus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F10C710BBFF8975B72AFDAD" box="[471,580,583,609]" name="Indonesia" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(east of Wallace’s Line) and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F10C710B9BF8975B17BFDAD" box="[919,1045,583,609]" name="Timor-Leste" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">East Timor</collectingCountry>
|
||
should be considered provisional. There are other questions concerning the geographic boundaries of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F10C710B9B88959B1C9FD49" baseAuthorityName="Canestrini" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[912,1191,619,645]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microplus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F10C710B9B88959B1C9FD49" box="[912,1191,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">Rhipicephalus microplus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F10C710BF278959B58CFD65" author="Burger, T. D. & Shao, R. & Barker, S. C." pageId="123" pageNumber="124" pagination="241 - 253" refId="ref178916" refString="Burger, T. D., Shao, R., & Barker, S. C. (2014) Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial genome sequences indicates that the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, contains a cryptic species. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 76, 241 - 253. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2014.03.017" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Burger
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F10C710BF4C8959B0F3FD49" box="[1380,1437,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found molecular evidence for an alleged cryptic species close to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F10C710B98789BDB1AAFD65" baseAuthorityName="Canestrini" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[943,1220,655,681]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microplus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F10C710B98789BDB1AAFD65" box="[943,1220,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">Rhipicephalus microplus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F10C710BECD89BDB071FD65" box="[1253,1311,655,681]" name="India" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F10C710BF7A89BDB0F6FD65" box="[1362,1432,655,681]" name="China" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, while
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F10C710BAF68981B4CCFD01" author="Roy, B. C. & Estrada-Pena, A. & Rehman, A. & Nihoj, A. M." box="[222,418,691,717]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" pagination="1069 - 1079" refId="ref248310" refString="Roy, B. C., Estrada-Pena, A., Kr ¸ cken, J., Rehman, A. & Nihoj, A. M. (2018) Morphological and phylogenetic analyses of Rhipicephalus microplus ticks from Bangladesh, Pakistan and Myanmar. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 9, 1069 - 1079. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ttbdis. 2018.03.035" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Roy
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F10C710BB3D8981B421FD01" box="[277,335,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2018)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
added another potential species related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F10C710B9A28981B1CCFD01" baseAuthorityName="Canestrini" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[906,1186,691,717]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microplus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F10C710B9A28981B1CCFD01" box="[906,1186,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">Rhipicephalus microplus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and found in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F10C710BF6C8981B5A3FD3D" name="Bangladesh" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F10C710BAF189E5B428FD3D" box="[217,326,727,753]" name="Myanmar" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F10C710BB5489E5B4B1FD3D" box="[380,479,727,753]" name="Pakistan" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
. It is expected that additional studies will settle these questions in the near future, but any such investigations should be molecular as well as morphological, and results should be compared with the species described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F10C710BBAC882DB75EFCF5" author="Minning, W." box="[388,560,799,825]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" pagination="1 - 43" refId="ref230754" refString="Minning, W. (1934) Beitrage zur Systematik und Morphologie der Zeckengattung Boophilus Curtice. Zeitschrift f ¸ r Parasitenkunde, 7, 1 - 43. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02125654" type="journal article" year="1934">Minning (1934</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F10C710B813882DB71AFCF5" author="Minning, W." box="[571,628,799,825]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" pagination="365 - 370" refId="ref230794" refString="Minning, W. (1936) Zur Kenntnis des Genus Boophilus Curtice II. Zeitschrift f ¸ r Parasitenkunde, 8, 365 - 370. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02122320" type="journal article" year="1936">1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) from some of these countries.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F10C710BAE68871B152FC4D" blockId="123.[151,1437,151,897]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F10C710BAE68871B490FC91" author="Aziz, K. J. & Al-Barwary, L. T. O." box="[206,510,835,861]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" pagination="337 - 359" refId="ref174172" refString="Aziz, K. J. & Al-Barwary, L. T. O. (2019) Prevalence rate of ixodid ticks in equid and some nearby farm animals in Erbil Governorate, North of Iraq. Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research, 18, 337 - 359." type="journal article" year="2019">Aziz & Al-Barwary (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported the presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F10C710B9328871B15FFC91" baseAuthorityName="Canestrini" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[794,1073,835,861]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microplus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F10C710B9328871B15FFC91" box="[794,1073,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">Rhipicephalus microplus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F10C710BE7D8871B1EBFC91" box="[1109,1157,835,861]" name="Iraq" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">Iraq</collectingCountry>
|
||
, a record that we believe requires confirmation, and that country is not included within the range of this tick.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |