189 lines
31 KiB
XML
189 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="A782F8148D5A287DC93720AB625EF877" ID-CLB-Dataset="27406" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4561.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f4c53401-22d0-41f9-a5e5-cf19b6844663" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2627892" ID-ZooBank="C8FE29A7-B2E6-4EE7-81F6-D15B2641A2A7" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1554323313477" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Neuhaus, Birger, Zotto, Matteo Dal, Yamasaki, Hiroshi & Higgins, Robert P." docDate="2019" docId="03BA87CCFFA5675F2AB8EFE3DA70910D" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4561.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4561 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Condyloderes Higgins 1969" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="61" masterDocId="FF83FFB4FF9967632A2FED49D9199678" masterDocTitle="Revision of Condyloderes (Kinorhyncha, Cyclorhagida) including description of Condyloderes shirleyi sp. nov." masterLastPageNumber="91" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="61" updateTime="1698718403251" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="C16DE8F5AFF44FC7CAF7910785292C7E">Revision of Condyloderes (Kinorhyncha, Cyclorhagida) including description of Condyloderes shirleyi sp. nov.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A8C4C253A7942E0855E811FD5BF21C90">Neuhaus, Birger</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4112EA0F596A30C8287F1420B72B1057">Zotto, Matteo Dal</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="86B7554139CCD67995DE15612334519D">Yamasaki, Hiroshi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4EF662781248F1FE988A3CD52C596B97">Higgins, Robert P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="9DA10F16C85D63E398B344379728053A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A9996672F65D1C3C1C55037B0240F6CD">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="17BE85BC093754881F804A68CDCB4C8A">2019-02-27</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="E891B1EE7BA1CF62C1EB780B87B29E51">4561</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03BA87CCFFA5675F2AB8EFE3DA70910D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5935049" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154533639" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5935049" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BA87CCFFA5675F2AB8EFE3DA70910D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BA87CCFFA5675F2AB8EFE3DA70910D" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<subSubSection id="C3096551FFA5675F2AB8EFE3D86594BC" box="[151,380,682,708]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAC36DAFFA5675F2AB8EFE3D86594BC" blockId="60.[151,386,682,742]" box="[151,380,682,708]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<heading id="D0E481B6FFA5675F2AB8EFE3D86594BC" bold="true" box="[151,380,682,708]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B967EAC8FFA5675F2AB8EFE3D86594BC" bold="true" box="[151,380,682,708]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D59FFA5675F2AB8EFE3D82294BC" authorityName="Higgins" authorityYear="1969" box="[151,315,682,708]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Centroderidae" genus="Condyloderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B967EAC8FFA5675F2AB8EFE3D82294BC" bold="true" box="[151,315,682,708]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Condyloderes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. 1
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3096551FFA5675F2AB8EF84D89B949E" box="[151,386,717,742]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BAC36DAFFA5675F2AB8EF84D89B949E" blockId="60.[151,386,682,742]" box="[151,386,717,742]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13282A5FFFA5675F2AB0EF84D9EA949E" box="[159,243,717,742]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[157,1425,299,1819]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[156,1425,299,1819]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 32. Condyloderes sp. 1, recently moulted male (USNM 1209806), DIC. A. Segments 1–11, ventral view. B. Segments 6–11, optical section. C. Segments 7–11, dorsal view. Scale bar in C 50 µm, valid for A–C. Abbreviations: cu5, ventromedially displaced cuspidate spine of segment 5; go, gonad; lacu8, lateral accessory cuspidate spine of segment 8; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lv1, lateroventral spine of segment 1; md7, middorsal spine of segment 7; mts, midterminal spine; ph, pharynx; re, retractor muscle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2627956/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="C6910361FFA5675F2AD1EF84D845949E" box="[254,348,717,742]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[147,228,526,547]" captionText="TABLE 1. Location and processing data of all known species of Condyloderes. Abbreviations: BMNH, British Museum of Natural History, London; ICHUM, Invertebrate Collection at the Hokkaido University; MIMB, Museum of A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Vladivostok; NHMUK, Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London; USNM, Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. (previously United States National Museum); ZMB, collection “Vermes” of Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (previously Zoological Museum Berlin); ZMUC-KIN, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen (previously Zoological Museum of Copenhagen - collection Kinorhyncha)." pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Tables 1</tableCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="C6910361FFA5675F2B45EF87D860949E" box="[362,377,718,742]" captionStart="TABLE 7" captionStartId="83.[147,229,525,546]" captionText="TABLE 7. Comparison of selected characters of species of Condyloderes present in the majority of specimens mounted for light microscopy. + / –, character present / not present; [], indicates variation in few specimens. Characters unique within genus are underlain with grey background. Measurements taken from Higgins (1969), Adrianov et al. (2002), Martorelli & Higgins (2004), Sørensen et al. (2010b), Adrianov & Maiorova (2016), and this paper (Tables 2 6)." pageId="60" pageNumber="61">7</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3096551FFA5675F2AB8EE46DC349532" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BAC36DAFFA5675F2AB8EE46DC349532" blockId="60.[151,1437,783,1909]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<emphasis id="B967EAC8FFA5675F2AB8EE46D8989550" bold="true" box="[151,385,783,808]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Material examined.</emphasis>
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One recently moulted male (USNM 1209806) mounted for light microscopy and previously identified as a juvenile stage of
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D59FFA5675F2BD4EE78DA0A9531" authorityName="Higgins" authorityYear="1969" box="[507,787,817,841]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Centroderidae" genus="Condyloderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="paradoxus">
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<emphasis id="B967EAC8FFA5675F2BD4EE78DA0A9531" box="[507,787,817,841]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Condyloderes paradoxus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from the Bay of Bengal,
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<collectingCountry id="F304764AFFA5675F2E1FEE78DD739532" box="[1072,1130,817,842]" name="India" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">India</collectingCountry>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13282A5FFFA5675F2E56EE78DDA59532" box="[1145,1212,817,842]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1158,1180]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,198,1134]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[162,1426,195,1134]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of locations of all known species of Condyloderes identified to species level; see Table 1 for location data. Filled symbols indicate specimens studied in this article, open symbols refer to specimens not investigated here." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2627894/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="C6910361FFA5675F2EE5EE78DC059532" box="[1226,1308,817,842]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[147,228,526,547]" captionText="TABLE 1. Location and processing data of all known species of Condyloderes. Abbreviations: BMNH, British Museum of Natural History, London; ICHUM, Invertebrate Collection at the Hokkaido University; MIMB, Museum of A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Vladivostok; NHMUK, Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London; USNM, Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. (previously United States National Museum); ZMB, collection “Vermes” of Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (previously Zoological Museum Berlin); ZMUC-KIN, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen (previously Zoological Museum of Copenhagen - collection Kinorhyncha)." pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Table 1</tableCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3096551FFA5675F2AE8EE1BDA70910D" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BAC36DAFFA5675F2AE8EE1BDA229512" blockId="60.[151,1437,783,1909]" box="[199,827,850,875]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<emphasis id="B967EAC8FFA5675F2AE8EE1BD8409513" bold="true" box="[199,345,850,875]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Description.</emphasis>
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For some basic measurements see
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<tableCitation id="C6910361FFA5675F28CDEE1BDA219512" box="[738,824,850,875]" captionStart="TABLE 7" captionStartId="83.[147,229,525,546]" captionText="TABLE 7. Comparison of selected characters of species of Condyloderes present in the majority of specimens mounted for light microscopy. + / –, character present / not present; [], indicates variation in few specimens. Characters unique within genus are underlain with grey background. Measurements taken from Higgins (1969), Adrianov et al. (2002), Martorelli & Higgins (2004), Sørensen et al. (2010b), Adrianov & Maiorova (2016), and this paper (Tables 2 6)." pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Table 7</tableCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAC36DAFFA5675F2AE8EE3DDA939588" blockId="60.[151,1437,783,1909]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<emphasis id="B967EAC8FFA5675F2AE8EE3DD80195F5" bold="true" box="[199,280,884,909]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Trunk.</emphasis>
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The trunk is divided into 11 segments. Whereas the cuticle of the first trunk segment is ring-like without any articulation, the cuticle of segments 2–10 possesses both a midventral and a lateral articulation resulting in a tergal and two sternal plates (
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<figureCitation id="13282A5FFFA5675F2858EEFFDBF995B7" box="[631,736,950,975]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[157,1425,299,1819]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[156,1425,299,1819]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 32. Condyloderes sp. 1, recently moulted male (USNM 1209806), DIC. A. Segments 1–11, ventral view. B. Segments 6–11, optical section. C. Segments 7–11, dorsal view. Scale bar in C 50 µm, valid for A–C. Abbreviations: cu5, ventromedially displaced cuspidate spine of segment 5; go, gonad; lacu8, lateral accessory cuspidate spine of segment 8; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lv1, lateroventral spine of segment 1; md7, middorsal spine of segment 7; mts, midterminal spine; ph, pharynx; re, retractor muscle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2627956/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 32A</figureCitation>
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). In segment 11, a single sternal and tergal plate exist although the sternal plate reveals a paraventral fold on both sides (
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<figureCitation id="13282A5FFFA5675F293AEE9EDA679588" box="[789,894,983,1008]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[157,1425,299,1819]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[156,1425,299,1819]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 32. Condyloderes sp. 1, recently moulted male (USNM 1209806), DIC. A. Segments 1–11, ventral view. B. Segments 6–11, optical section. C. Segments 7–11, dorsal view. Scale bar in C 50 µm, valid for A–C. Abbreviations: cu5, ventromedially displaced cuspidate spine of segment 5; go, gonad; lacu8, lateral accessory cuspidate spine of segment 8; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lv1, lateroventral spine of segment 1; md7, middorsal spine of segment 7; mts, midterminal spine; ph, pharynx; re, retractor muscle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2627956/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 32A</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAC36DAFFA5675F2AE8EEB0DC9D922D" blockId="60.[151,1437,783,1909]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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The anterior margin of the first trunk segment is smooth (
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<figureCitation id="13282A5FFFA5675F2963EEB0DAAC926A" box="[844,949,1017,1042]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[157,1425,299,1819]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[156,1425,299,1819]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 32. Condyloderes sp. 1, recently moulted male (USNM 1209806), DIC. A. Segments 1–11, ventral view. B. Segments 6–11, optical section. C. Segments 7–11, dorsal view. Scale bar in C 50 µm, valid for A–C. Abbreviations: cu5, ventromedially displaced cuspidate spine of segment 5; go, gonad; lacu8, lateral accessory cuspidate spine of segment 8; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lv1, lateroventral spine of segment 1; md7, middorsal spine of segment 7; mts, midterminal spine; ph, pharynx; re, retractor muscle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2627956/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 32A</figureCitation>
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). The trunk cuticle and the pachycyclus are only very weakly developed (
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<figureCitation id="13282A5FFFA5675F2BD5E953DB71924B" box="[506,616,1050,1075]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[157,1425,299,1819]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[156,1425,299,1819]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 32. Condyloderes sp. 1, recently moulted male (USNM 1209806), DIC. A. Segments 1–11, ventral view. B. Segments 6–11, optical section. C. Segments 7–11, dorsal view. Scale bar in C 50 µm, valid for A–C. Abbreviations: cu5, ventromedially displaced cuspidate spine of segment 5; go, gonad; lacu8, lateral accessory cuspidate spine of segment 8; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lv1, lateroventral spine of segment 1; md7, middorsal spine of segment 7; mts, midterminal spine; ph, pharynx; re, retractor muscle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2627956/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 32A</figureCitation>
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). At the posterior end of all segments, the free flap overlapping the subsequent segment terminates in a primary pectinate fringe. The free flap is missing where the spines originate.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAC36DAFFA5675F2AE8E914DA0B92C0" blockId="60.[151,1437,783,1909]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Surface characters of the cuticle like hairs were not recognizable. Also, type-6 sensory spots were extremely difficult to trace if at all because of the thin cuticle. Type-3 sensory spots occur ventrolaterally next to the lateral terminal accessory spine and subdorsally on segment 11.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAC36DAFFA5675F2AE8E98BDA7293F8" blockId="60.[151,1437,783,1909]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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Segments 1–10 bear a middorsal, segments 1–9 on each side a lateroventral spine, segment 10 also possesses a subdorsal to laterodorsal spine, and segment 11 has a spine in a lateral accessory position (= lateral terminal accessory spine) and as the midterminal spine (
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<figureCitation id="13282A5FFFA5675F289EE84DDA249364" box="[689,829,1284,1309]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[157,1425,299,1819]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[156,1425,299,1819]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 32. Condyloderes sp. 1, recently moulted male (USNM 1209806), DIC. A. Segments 1–11, ventral view. B. Segments 6–11, optical section. C. Segments 7–11, dorsal view. Scale bar in C 50 µm, valid for A–C. Abbreviations: cu5, ventromedially displaced cuspidate spine of segment 5; go, gonad; lacu8, lateral accessory cuspidate spine of segment 8; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lv1, lateroventral spine of segment 1; md7, middorsal spine of segment 7; mts, midterminal spine; ph, pharynx; re, retractor muscle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2627956/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 32A, C</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="C6910361FFA5675F2965E84DDAB99364" box="[842,928,1284,1309]" captionStart="TABLE 7" captionStartId="83.[147,229,525,546]" captionText="TABLE 7. Comparison of selected characters of species of Condyloderes present in the majority of specimens mounted for light microscopy. + / –, character present / not present; [], indicates variation in few specimens. Characters unique within genus are underlain with grey background. Measurements taken from Higgins (1969), Adrianov et al. (2002), Martorelli & Higgins (2004), Sørensen et al. (2010b), Adrianov & Maiorova (2016), and this paper (Tables 2 6)." pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Table 7</tableCitation>
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); the spines are hirsute and acicular. A short hirsute cuspidate spine with a basally thickened and an apically thinner part appears ventrolaterally on segment 5 but displaced towards the ventromedial position (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13282A5FFFA5675F2890E80FDA3E9327" box="[703,807,1350,1375]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[157,1425,299,1819]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[156,1425,299,1819]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 32. Condyloderes sp. 1, recently moulted male (USNM 1209806), DIC. A. Segments 1–11, ventral view. B. Segments 6–11, optical section. C. Segments 7–11, dorsal view. Scale bar in C 50 µm, valid for A–C. Abbreviations: cu5, ventromedially displaced cuspidate spine of segment 5; go, gonad; lacu8, lateral accessory cuspidate spine of segment 8; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lv1, lateroventral spine of segment 1; md7, middorsal spine of segment 7; mts, midterminal spine; ph, pharynx; re, retractor muscle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2627956/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 32A</figureCitation>
|
||
), in a lateral accessory position on segment 8, as well as sublaterally on segments 3, possibly 4 and 9 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13282A5FFFA5675F28BAE82EDBE493F8" box="[661,765,1383,1408]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[157,1425,299,1819]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[156,1425,299,1819]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 32. Condyloderes sp. 1, recently moulted male (USNM 1209806), DIC. A. Segments 1–11, ventral view. B. Segments 6–11, optical section. C. Segments 7–11, dorsal view. Scale bar in C 50 µm, valid for A–C. Abbreviations: cu5, ventromedially displaced cuspidate spine of segment 5; go, gonad; lacu8, lateral accessory cuspidate spine of segment 8; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lv1, lateroventral spine of segment 1; md7, middorsal spine of segment 7; mts, midterminal spine; ph, pharynx; re, retractor muscle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2627956/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 32A</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6910361FFA5675F2927E82EDA4493F8" box="[776,861,1383,1408]" captionStart="TABLE 7" captionStartId="83.[147,229,525,546]" captionText="TABLE 7. Comparison of selected characters of species of Condyloderes present in the majority of specimens mounted for light microscopy. + / –, character present / not present; [], indicates variation in few specimens. Characters unique within genus are underlain with grey background. Measurements taken from Higgins (1969), Adrianov et al. (2002), Martorelli & Higgins (2004), Sørensen et al. (2010b), Adrianov & Maiorova (2016), and this paper (Tables 2 6)." pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Table 7</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36DAFFA5675F2AE8E8C0D80993BB" blockId="60.[151,1437,783,1909]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
Gonads are well developed and extend until the middle of the trunk revealing sperm in the posterior segments (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13282A5FFFA5675F2AB0E8E3D81D93BB" box="[159,260,1450,1475]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[157,1425,299,1819]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[156,1425,299,1819]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 32. Condyloderes sp. 1, recently moulted male (USNM 1209806), DIC. A. Segments 1–11, ventral view. B. Segments 6–11, optical section. C. Segments 7–11, dorsal view. Scale bar in C 50 µm, valid for A–C. Abbreviations: cu5, ventromedially displaced cuspidate spine of segment 5; go, gonad; lacu8, lateral accessory cuspidate spine of segment 8; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lv1, lateroventral spine of segment 1; md7, middorsal spine of segment 7; mts, midterminal spine; ph, pharynx; re, retractor muscle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2627956/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 32B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36DAFFA5675F2AE8E885DA70910D" blockId="60.[151,1437,783,1909]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAC8FFA5675F2AE8E885DB83939D" bold="true" box="[199,666,1484,1509]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Comparison with previous description.</emphasis>
|
||
Opposite to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B2BFFA5675F2903E885DACE939D" author="Higgins, R. P." box="[812,983,1484,1509]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref37172" refString="Higgins, R. P. (1969) Indian Ocean Kinorhyncha: 1. Condyloderes and Sphenoderes, new cyclorhagid genera. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 14, 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1969">Higgins (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who identified the single specimen as a juvenile of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D59FFA5675F2B34E8A4DB2C907D" authorityName="Higgins" authorityYear="1969" box="[283,565,1517,1541]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Centroderidae" genus="Condyloderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="paradoxus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAC8FFA5675F2B34E8A4DB2C907D" box="[283,565,1517,1541]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Condyloderes paradoxus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we regard the specimen as a recently moulted male of a new species. The specimen reveals a thin cuticle typical for a juvenile or a recently moulted adult, a free flap only occurring in adults but not in juveniles, and a well developed gonad with sperm characteristic of a male. The specimen is assumed to belong to a new species, because it lacks the cuspidate spine ventrolaterally on segments 2 and 9 and in a lateral accessory position on segment 4, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D59FFA5675F285CEB3ADA1390F3" authorityName="Higgins" authorityYear="1969" box="[627,778,1651,1675]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Centroderidae" genus="Condyloderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="paradoxus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAC8FFA5675F285CEB3ADA1390F3" box="[627,778,1651,1675]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">C. paradoxus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possesses a cuspidate spine in these positions. In addition, the specimen reveals a sublateral cuspidate on segments 3, possibly 4 and 9 lacking in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D59FFA5675F2EB5EBDDDC2D90D4" authorityName="Higgins" authorityYear="1969" box="[1178,1332,1684,1708]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Centroderidae" genus="Condyloderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="paradoxus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAC8FFA5675F2EB5EBDDDC2D90D4" box="[1178,1332,1684,1708]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">C. paradoxus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the ventrolateral cuspidate spine on segment 5 is displaced towards the ventromedial position in comparison with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D59FFA5675F2FADEBFFD8149096" authorityName="Higgins" authorityYear="1969" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Centroderidae" genus="Condyloderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="paradoxus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAC8FFA5675F2FADEBFFD8149096" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">C. paradoxus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Sublateral cuspidate spines do not occur in any other known species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D59FFA5675F2E18EB9FDDCB9096" authorityName="Higgins" authorityYear="1969" box="[1079,1234,1750,1774]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Centroderidae" genus="Condyloderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAC8FFA5675F2E18EB9FDDCB9096" box="[1079,1234,1750,1774]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Condyloderes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6910361FFA5675F2ECFEB9FDC2E9096" box="[1248,1335,1750,1775]" captionStart="TABLE 7" captionStartId="83.[147,229,525,546]" captionText="TABLE 7. Comparison of selected characters of species of Condyloderes present in the majority of specimens mounted for light microscopy. + / –, character present / not present; [], indicates variation in few specimens. Characters unique within genus are underlain with grey background. Measurements taken from Higgins (1969), Adrianov et al. (2002), Martorelli & Higgins (2004), Sørensen et al. (2010b), Adrianov & Maiorova (2016), and this paper (Tables 2 6)." pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Table 7</tableCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B2BFFA5675F2F6CEB9FD9CA9168" author="Higgins, R. P." pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref37172" refString="Higgins, R. P. (1969) Indian Ocean Kinorhyncha: 1. Condyloderes and Sphenoderes, new cyclorhagid genera. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 14, 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1969">Higgins 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B2BFFA5675F2AF1EBBED8D59168" author="Adrianov, A. V. & Murakami, C. & Shirayama, Y." box="[222,460,1783,1808]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="205 - 216" refId="ref36728" refString="Adrianov, A. V., Murakami, C. & Shirayama, Y. (2002) Taxonomic studies of the Kinorhyncha in Japan. II. Condyloderes setoensis, a new species (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from Tanabe Bay (Honshu) - first representative of the genus in the Pacific Ocean. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 115, 205 - 216." type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Adrianov
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAC8FFA5675F2B7FEBB0D8989168" box="[336,385,1784,1808]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B2BFFA5675F2BF7EBBEDA159168" author="Martorelli, S. & Higgins, R. P." box="[472,780,1783,1808]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="85 - 98" refId="ref37666" refString="Martorelli, S. & Higgins, R. P. (2004) Kinorhyncha from the stomach of the shrimp Pleoticus muelleri (Bate, 1888) from Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 243, 85 - 98. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jcz. 2004.07.003" type="journal article" year="2004">Martorelli & Higgins 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B2BFFA5675F2938EBB1DD099168" author="Sorensen, M. V. & Rho, H. S. & Kim, D." box="[791,1040,1783,1808]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="234 - 242" refId="ref39346" refString="Sorensen, M. V., Rho, H. S. & Kim, D. (2010 b) A new species of Condyloderes (Cyclorhagida, Kinorhyncha) from Korea. Zoological Science, 27, 234 - 242." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Sørensen
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAC8FFA5675F29A9EBB0DAAE9168" box="[902,951,1784,1808]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2010b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B2BFFA5675F2E33EBBEDC449168" author="Adrianov, A. V. & Maiorova, A. S." box="[1052,1373,1783,1808]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="11 - 19" refId="ref36644" refString="Adrianov, A. V. & Maiorova, A. S. (2016) Condyloderes kurilensis sp. nov. (Kinorhyncha; Cyclorhagida) - a new deep water species from the abyssal plain near the Kuril-Kamchatka trench. Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 42, 11 - 19." type="journal article" year="2016">Adrianov & Maiorova 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The specimen is not described formally as a new species, because only a single specimen is available, many cuticular characters are hard to recognize if at all also because of the thin cuticle, the specimen is covered with detritus hampering observation, and the preparation is not too satisfying.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |