235 lines
31 KiB
XML
235 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="09ECECB9D49C0D07F2B6555500040B00" ID-DOI="10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112796" ID-ISSN="1873-3700" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8259205" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="jonas" IM.tables_approvedBy="jonas" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="jonas" IM.treatments_approvedBy="jonas" checkinTime="1692308221054" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Nishidono, Yuto, Niwa, Kotaro, Kitajima, Aoi, Watanabe, Shiro, Tezuka, Yasuhiro, Arita, Masanori, Takabayashi, Junji & Tanaka, Ken" docDate="2021" docId="03BA87A2FF80FFABFD6FFC777A1FF9C3" docLanguage="en" docName="Phytochemistry.188.112796.pdf" docOrigin="Phytochemistry (112796) 188" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112796" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F36D69FC8B198FBE91029DF9C24697D3.5:Phytochemistry.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="F36D69FC8B198FBE91029DF9C24697D3" docStyleName="Phytochemistry.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Papilio machaon subsp. hippocrates C. Felder et R. Felder 1864" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="2" masterDocId="FF83FFDAFF81FFA9FD0BFFD67836FF82" masterDocTitle="α-Linolenic acid in Papilio machaon larvae regurgitant induces a defensive response in Apiaceae" masterLastPageNumber="7" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1692620131718" updateUser="jonas">
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<mods:title id="D2C9C23C1EFC06F398FA0F5F152BD6DB">α-Linolenic acid in Papilio machaon larvae regurgitant induces a defensive response in Apiaceae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="119A8E4985CDCD6DFB251ED7F9D40F18">Nishidono, Yuto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A55937370C2604F14D1DCCFA95FADD93">College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1 - 1 - 1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525 - 8577, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="3C89438538B5350F1A940CF4F193AD35" type="email">ph0060es@ed.ritsumei.ac.jp</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="5FA66C8DA46AF212041419597F34C777">Niwa, Kotaro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7A020D557F7ED5A75C90571D396E808B">College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1 - 1 - 1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525 - 8577, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2B9EAFC7715414D159BC69474528D56B" type="email">ph0106hv@ed.ritsumei.ac.jp</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="2038F38A207C058CCCEC56D91C9E03C1">Kitajima, Aoi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F5A65E5BA154809472135F63F42422F8">College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1 - 1 - 1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525 - 8577, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="9562D48B954153C37E8907F65DBCD2B7" type="email">ph0103xx@ed.ritsumei.ac.jp</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="BFE4FF730B313D08FBC925A30FE294EC">Watanabe, Shiro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0F7F1B7B9A384D831A28A2636BC09BD8">Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930 - 0194, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D902542B211B7446F66284068F903364" type="email">shirowat@inm. u-toyama.ac.jp</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="7396010BF426905A2D89082DE4B831E2">Tezuka, Yasuhiro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0708911FB4484907D6DD29D52F9E53CF">Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Ho- 3 Kanagawa-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920 - 1181, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D566619F4AA18D2422AA5C1BD77CC3E0" type="email">y-tezuka@hokuriku-u.ac.jp</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="4C074320E5A225FFE3944E88E7C0A692">Arita, Masanori</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A5BC44340E1DFFF91A446CACD7F17D8F">National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411 - 8540, Japan & RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1 - 7 - 22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230 - 0045, Japan &</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="9BF921544B1A86500E9D8102D2DD5E4B" type="email">arita@nig.ac.jp</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="282BEF23B45BE65DDACCCC232148E96E">Takabayashi, Junji</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D846DD080DC994B62A82420261150F38">Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, 2 - 509 - 3 Hirano, Otsu, Shiga, 520 - 2113, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="835BB617E646B1E21F48BD87B84C2575" type="email">junji@ecology.kyoto-u.ac.jp</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="C97257C81DC2952F3E9EA0DB02D86669">Tanaka, Ken</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="420A86C26ED26D0AC2887DDD4E3BABB1">College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1 - 1 - 1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525 - 8577, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="9CF6411C68D0E03FF0A7AEAE3C0E3A4C" type="email">ktanaka@fc.ritsumei.ac.jp</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="8CF450C36FC410296B3A4C67327D0E58">Phytochemistry</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D0725C1199474E7AD2E843358B523AC7">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="3D1E41EE1D07AE4C592D618D377EDF55">112796</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="8C859A96B52491D131EF83121EDDF9D7">2021-08-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="2014D44956990DE59AD2F96AC92D193F">188</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="8B1E9406556D8D359BEA9DDCE23D7D10">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112796</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="021942CBA87D553797FFA2F0AA6E6F8B" type="DOI">10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112796</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5339F47DDA74ACC829E9865545F2DBAE" type="ISSN">1873-3700</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03BA87A2FF80FFABFD6FFC777A1FF9C3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BA87A2FF80FFABFD6FFC777A1FF9C3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BA87A2FF80FFABFD6FFC777A1FF9C3" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<subSubSection id="C309653FFF80FFA8FD6FFC7778ADFC4D" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAC36B4FF80FFA8FD6FFC7778ADFC4D" blockId="1.[100,719,928,975]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<heading id="D0E481D8FF80FFA8FD6FFC7778ADFC4D" bold="true" fontSize="36" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B967EAA6FF80FFA8FD6FFC7778ADFC4D" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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2.1. Chemical analyses of the regurgitant of
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FF80FFA8FCF1FC777AF9FC31" ID-CoL="75LYC" authorityName="C. Felder et R. Felder" authorityYear="1864" box="[506,719,928,948]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="machaon" subSpecies="hippocrates">P. machaon hippocrates</taxonomicName>
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larvae
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C309653FFF80FFABFD8FFC227A1FF9C3" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BAC36B4FF80FFA8FD8FFC227C53FC52" blockId="1.[100,771,1012,1143]" lastBlockId="1.[818,1488,147,1144]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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Larval regurgitant naturally contains large amounts of components derived from damaged plants. However, elicitor compounds derived from larvae are considered to be steadily produced regardless of diet. Therefore, we analyzed the regurgitant of larvae feeding on two different plant species (
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FF80FFA8FC4DFBB27985FBF5" box="[326,435,1124,1143]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Angelica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acutiloba">
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<emphasis id="B967EAA6FF80FFA8FC4DFBB27985FBF5" bold="true" box="[326,435,1124,1143]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">A. acutiloba</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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or
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FF80FFA8FCDCFBB27A82FBF5" authority="(Apiaecae))" baseAuthorityName="Apiaecae" box="[471,692,1124,1143]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Glehnia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="littoralis">
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<emphasis id="B967EAA6FF80FFA8FCDCFBB27A0AFBF5" bold="true" box="[471,572,1124,1143]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">G. littoralis</emphasis>
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(Apiaecae))
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</taxonomicName>
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. Among the plants in the Apiaecae family, both
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FF80FFA8F9A1FF427D20FF24" box="[1194,1302,147,167]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Angelica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acutiloba">
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<emphasis id="B967EAA6FF80FFA8F9A1FF427D20FF24" bold="true" box="[1194,1302,147,167]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">A. acutiloba</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FF80FFA8F84DFF427D9DFF24" box="[1350,1451,147,167]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Glehnia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="littoralis">
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<emphasis id="B967EAA6FF80FFA8F84DFF427D9DFF24" bold="true" box="[1350,1451,147,167]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">G. littoralis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are particularly susceptible to damage by the larvae of
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FF80FFA8F82EFF667B50FF5D" authorityName="C. Felder et R. Felder" authorityYear="1864" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="machaon" subSpecies="hippocrates">
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<emphasis id="B967EAA6FF80FFA8F82EFF667B50FF5D" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">P. machaon hippocrates</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Positive and negative total ion current (TIC) chromatograms of the regurgitant of
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FF80FFA8FED7FF3E7C99FF78" authorityName="C. Felder et R. Felder" authorityYear="1864" box="[988,1199,231,251]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="machaon" subSpecies="hippocrates">
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<emphasis id="B967EAA6FF80FFA8FED7FF3E7C99FF78" bold="true" box="[988,1199,231,251]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">P. machaon hippocrates</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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larvae that had infested either
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FF80FFA8FE39FED57BA9FE94" box="[818,927,259,278]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Angelica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acutiloba">
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<emphasis id="B967EAA6FF80FFA8FE39FED57BA9FE94" bold="true" box="[818,927,259,278]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">A. acutiloba</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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or
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FF80FFA8FECEFED57C1DFE94" box="[965,1067,259,278]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Glehnia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="littoralis">
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<emphasis id="B967EAA6FF80FFA8FECEFED57C1DFE94" bold="true" box="[965,1067,259,278]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">G. littoralis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are shown in
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<figureCitation id="13282A31FF80FFA8F9B1FED57D75FE95" box="[1210,1347,259,279]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[100,130,1862,1879]" captionTargetBox="[203,1369,1212,1833]" captionTargetId="graphics-777@1.[168,1451,1212,1557]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. LC–MS total ion current (TIC) chromatograms and extracted-ion current (XIC) chromatograms of the regurgitant of P. machaon hippocrates larvae feeding on A. acutiloba (A) and G. littoralis (B). TIC chromatograms of methanol extracts derived from the leaves of A. actiloba (C) and G. littoralis (D). (1) TIC positive ion mode; (2) TIC negative ion mode; (3) m/z 423.2853 ([M + H]+ of volicitin [N-(17-hydroxylinolenoyl)-L-glutamine]); (4) m/z 407.2904 ([M+H]+ of N-linolenoyl-Lglutamine); (5) m/z 409.2823 ([M+H]+ of N-linolenoyl-L-glutamic acid); (6) m/z 421.2708 ([M–H]–of volicitin [N-(17-hydroxylinolenoyl)-L-glutamine]); (7) m/z 405.2759 ([M–H]– of N-linolenoyl-L-glutamine); (8) m/z 407.2677 ([M–H]– of N-linolenoyl-L-glutamic acid)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8259207" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8259207/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 1A and B</figureCitation>
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. To detect the compounds in the regurgitant comprehensively, LC–MS analyses in both positive and negative ionization modes were performed. The reported [M+H]
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<superScript id="7C669BFCFF80FFA8FE7DFE877BB3FEDD" attach="left" box="[886,901,337,351]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">+</superScript>
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and [M H] ions of volicitin and its related compounds, such as
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<emphasis id="B967EAA6FF80FFA8FE59FEA57B57FE04" bold="true" box="[850,865,371,390]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">N</emphasis>
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-linolenoyl-L-glutamine and
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<emphasis id="B967EAA6FF80FFA8F970FEA57CBCFE04" bold="true" box="[1147,1162,371,390]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">N</emphasis>
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-linolenoyl-L-glutamic acid, were monitored to examine the presence of the compounds (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13282A31FF80FFA8F827FE597D56FE20" box="[1324,1376,399,418]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[100,130,1862,1879]" captionTargetBox="[203,1369,1212,1833]" captionTargetId="graphics-777@1.[168,1451,1212,1557]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. LC–MS total ion current (TIC) chromatograms and extracted-ion current (XIC) chromatograms of the regurgitant of P. machaon hippocrates larvae feeding on A. acutiloba (A) and G. littoralis (B). TIC chromatograms of methanol extracts derived from the leaves of A. actiloba (C) and G. littoralis (D). (1) TIC positive ion mode; (2) TIC negative ion mode; (3) m/z 423.2853 ([M + H]+ of volicitin [N-(17-hydroxylinolenoyl)-L-glutamine]); (4) m/z 407.2904 ([M+H]+ of N-linolenoyl-Lglutamine); (5) m/z 409.2823 ([M+H]+ of N-linolenoyl-L-glutamic acid); (6) m/z 421.2708 ([M–H]–of volicitin [N-(17-hydroxylinolenoyl)-L-glutamine]); (7) m/z 405.2759 ([M–H]– of N-linolenoyl-L-glutamine); (8) m/z 407.2677 ([M–H]– of N-linolenoyl-L-glutamic acid)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8259207" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8259207/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). The peaks were annotated as shown in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C691030FFF80FFA8F94CFE7D7C94FE3C" box="[1095,1186,427,446]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="2.[100,150,817,833]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Table 1 Comparison of the amount of fatty acids contained in the regurgitant and plants." pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Tables S1</tableCitation>
|
||
and S
|
||
<tableCitation id="C691030FFF80FFA8F9EBFE7D7CDDFE3C" box="[1248,1259,427,446]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="4.[100,150,1381,1397]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 2 Peak annotation of volatile constituents." pageId="1" pageNumber="2">2</tableCitation>
|
||
. In the mass chromatograms of both ionization modes, volicitin and its related compounds were not detected. These results were consistent with those of a previous report (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B45FF80FFA8FE71FE287C43FD93" author="Mori, N. & Yoshinaga, N." box="[890,1141,510,529]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="103 - 107" refId="ref8038" refString="Mori, N., Yoshinaga, N., 2011. Function and evolutionary diversity of fatty acid amino acid conjugates in insects. J. Plant Interact. 6, 103 - 107. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17429145.2010. 544412." type="journal article" year="2011">Mori and Yoshinaga, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In contrast, high concentrations of FAs were detected in the regurgitant as compared with the concentrations of other specialized metabolites in the leaves (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13282A31FF80FFA8F83FFDE07DAFFDCB" box="[1332,1433,566,586]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[100,130,1862,1879]" captionTargetBox="[203,1369,1212,1833]" captionTargetId="graphics-777@1.[168,1451,1212,1557]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. LC–MS total ion current (TIC) chromatograms and extracted-ion current (XIC) chromatograms of the regurgitant of P. machaon hippocrates larvae feeding on A. acutiloba (A) and G. littoralis (B). TIC chromatograms of methanol extracts derived from the leaves of A. actiloba (C) and G. littoralis (D). (1) TIC positive ion mode; (2) TIC negative ion mode; (3) m/z 423.2853 ([M + H]+ of volicitin [N-(17-hydroxylinolenoyl)-L-glutamine]); (4) m/z 407.2904 ([M+H]+ of N-linolenoyl-Lglutamine); (5) m/z 409.2823 ([M+H]+ of N-linolenoyl-L-glutamic acid); (6) m/z 421.2708 ([M–H]–of volicitin [N-(17-hydroxylinolenoyl)-L-glutamine]); (7) m/z 405.2759 ([M–H]– of N-linolenoyl-L-glutamine); (8) m/z 407.2677 ([M–H]– of N-linolenoyl-L-glutamic acid)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8259207" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8259207/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 1A–D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The structures of fatty acids in the regurgitant were elucidated as α- LA, linolenic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid, based on the retention time and mass fragmentation patterns of authentic compounds by GC–MS analysis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13282A31FF80FFA8FEFDFD707C1BFD3B" box="[1014,1069,678,697]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[100,130,662,679]" captionTargetBox="[101,763,156,651]" captionTargetId="graphics-976@2.[143,731,156,595]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Structure elucidation of FAs in the regurgitant of P. machaon hippocrates. GC–MS TIC chromatograms of the regurgitant of P. machaon hippocrates larvae feeding on A. acutiloba (1) and G. littoralis (2). GC–MS TIC chromatograms of standard mixture (3)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8259209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8259209/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Compositions of FAs in the regurgitant of larvae parasitized on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FF80FFA8F904FD177CB7FD56" box="[1039,1153,705,724]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Angelica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acutiloba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FF80FFA8F904FD177CB7FD56" bold="true" box="[1039,1153,705,724]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">A. acutiloba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FF80FFA8F9A5FD177D2EFD56" box="[1198,1304,705,724]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Glehnia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="littoralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FF80FFA8F9A5FD177D2EFD56" bold="true" box="[1198,1304,705,724]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">G. littoralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and those of the respective leaves are shown in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C691030FFF80FFA8F95DFD0B7CAAFD73" box="[1110,1180,733,753]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="2.[100,150,817,833]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Table 1 Comparison of the amount of fatty acids contained in the regurgitant and plants." pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
. Among the FAs accumulated in the regurgitant of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FF80FFA8FED4FD2C7C82FC8E" authorityName="C. Felder et R. Felder" authorityYear="1864" box="[991,1204,761,781]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="machaon" subSpecies="hippocrates">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FF80FFA8FED4FD2C7C82FC8E" bold="true" box="[991,1204,761,781]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">P. machaon hippocrates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae, the enhancement rate of α- LA was remarkable. It is known that FAs in butterfly larvae are derived from the diet and the FA composition varies among the species of the insect and the host plants. For example,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FF80FFA8F9FCFC9B7B54FCFE" authority="Kollar, 1850" authorityName="Kollar" authorityYear="1850" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Morpho" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peleides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FF80FFA8F9FCFC9B7DBFFCE2" bold="true" box="[1271,1417,845,864]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Morpho peleides</emphasis>
|
||
Kollar, 1850
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
accumulate more polyunsaturated FAs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B45FF80FFA8F80FFCBF7DF7FCFE" author="Wang, Y. & Lin, D. S. & Bolewicz, L. & Connor, W. E." box="[1284,1473,873,892]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="530 - 536" refId="ref8803" refString="Wang, Y., Lin, D. S., Bolewicz, L., Connor, W. E., 2006. The predominance of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the butterfly Morpho peleides before and after metamorphosis. J. Lipid Res. 47, 530 - 536. https: // doi. org / 10.1194 / jlr. M 500346 - JLR 200." type="journal article" year="2006">Wang et al., 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FF80FFA8FE88FC527CF8FC1A" authority="(Hubner, 1813)" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1813" box="[899,1230,900,920]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Plodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="interpunctella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FF80FFA8FE88FC527C0FFC15" bold="true" box="[899,1081,900,919]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Plodia interpunctella</emphasis>
|
||
(Hübner, 1813)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FF80FFA8F9F2FC527B5CFC36" authority="(Walker, 1863)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1863" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Cadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cautella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FF80FFA8F9F2FC527D4FFC15" bold="true" box="[1273,1401,900,919]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Cadra cautella</emphasis>
|
||
(Walker, 1863)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
accumulate more saturated and monounsaturated FAs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B45FF80FFA8F8AEFC777C61FC52" author="Subramanyam, B. & Cutkomp, L. K." pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="99 - 102" refId="ref8735" refString="Subramanyam, B., Cutkomp, L. K., 1987. Total lipid and fatty acid composition in male and female larvae of Indian-meal moth and almond moth (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Great. Lakes. Entomol. 20, 99 - 102. https: // scholar. valpo. edu / tgle / vol 20 / iss 2 / 10." type="journal article" year="1987">Subramanyam and Cutkomp, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36B4FF80FFABFE5AFC0F7A1FF9C3" blockId="1.[818,1488,147,1144]" lastBlockId="2.[100,771,1274,1602]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
Since FACs are biosynthesized from FAs accumulated in the body (Pare´et al., 1998), FACs and polyunsaturated FAs, such as α- LA, are often detected simultaneously (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B45FF80FFA8F956FBC67D24FBA6" author="Alborn, H. T. & Brennan, M. M. & Tumlinson, J. H." box="[1117,1298,1040,1060]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="1357 - 1372" refId="ref6647" refString="Alborn, H. T., Brennan, M. M., Tumlinson, J. H., 2003. Differential activity and degradation of plant volatile elicitors in regurgitant of tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta) larvae. J. Chem. Ecol. 29, 1357 - 1372. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / A: 1024209302628." type="journal article" year="2003">Alborn et al., 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B45FF80FFA8F814FBC67DF7FBA6" author="Mori, N. & Yoshinaga, N. & Sawada, Y. & Fukui, M. & Shimoda, M. & Fujisaki, K. & Nishida, R. & Kuwahara, Y." box="[1311,1473,1040,1060]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="1168 - 1171" refId="ref8087" refString="Mori, N., Yoshinaga, N., Sawada, Y., Fukui, M., Shimoda, M., Fujisaki, K., Nishida, R., Kuwahara, Y., 2003. Identification of volicitin-related compounds from the regurgitant of lepidopteran caterpillars. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 67, 1168 - 1171. https: // doi. org / 10.1271 / bbb. 67.1168." type="journal article" year="2003">Mori et al., 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FF80FFA8FE85FBFA7C57FBBD" authorityName="C. Felder et R. Felder" authorityYear="1864" box="[910,1121,1068,1087]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="machaon" subSpecies="hippocrates">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FF80FFA8FE85FBFA7C57FBBD" bold="true" box="[910,1121,1068,1087]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">P. machaon hippocrates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae accumulate α- LA, no FACs were detected in the regurgitant. Regarding the elicitor activity of FACs, it has been reported that only FACs with the α- LA moiety are active (Alborn et al., 1997). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FF83FFABFDFCFB2D79FEFA8F" authorityName="C. Felder et R. Felder" authorityYear="1864" box="[247,456,1274,1294]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="machaon" subSpecies="hippocrates">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FF83FFABFDFCFB2D79FEFA8F" bold="true" box="[247,456,1274,1294]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">P. machaon hippocrates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae, biosynthesis of FACs from accumulated α- LA may render the host plants unsuitable for feeding. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that the absence of FACs is appropriate for the survival of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FF83FFABFC8DFA997A6CFAE3" authorityName="C. Felder et R. Felder" authorityYear="1864" box="[390,602,1358,1378]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="machaon" subSpecies="hippocrates">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FF83FFABFC8DFA997A6CFAE3" bold="true" box="[390,602,1358,1378]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">P. machaon hippocrates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a highly evolved species in the order
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FF83FFABFC28FABC79A5FAFF" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[291,403,1386,1405]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B45FF83FFABFCA9FABC7AB5FAFF" author="Muto-Fujita, A. & Takemoto, K. & Kanaya, S. & Nakazato, T. & Tokimatsu, T. & Matsumoto, N. & Kono, M. & Chubachi, Y. & Ozaki, K. & Kotera, M." box="[418,643,1386,1406]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="43368" refId="ref8165" refString="Muto-Fujita, A., Takemoto, K., Kanaya, S., Nakazato, T., Tokimatsu, T., Matsumoto, N., Kono, M., Chubachi, Y., Ozaki, K., Kotera, M., 2017. Data integration aids understanding of butterfly - host plant networks. Sci. Rep. 7, 43368. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / srep 43368." type="journal article" year="2017">Muto-Fujita et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B45FF83FFABFF84FABC78D0FA1B" author="Richard, D. & Guedes, M." pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="117 - 126" refId="ref8574" refString="Richard, D., Guedes, M., 1983. The Papilionidae (Lepidoptera): co-evolution with the angiosperms. Phyton 23, 117 - 126." type="journal article" year="1983">Richard and Guedes, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Conversely, considering the coevolution of insects and plants, it is reasonable to assume that plants will also evolve to respond to compounds accumulated in insects. Among the compounds detected in the regurgitant of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FF83FFABFC22FA0C79CBFA6E" authorityName="C. Felder et R. Felder" authorityYear="1864" box="[297,509,1497,1517]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="machaon" subSpecies="hippocrates">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FF83FFABFC22FA0C79CBFA6E" bold="true" box="[297,509,1497,1517]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">P. machaon hippocrates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae, we focused on α- LA because its bioenhancement rate is characteristically high, and it is generally accepted that the biosynthesis of JA begins with the oxygenation of free α- LA (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B45FF83FFABFC13F9FB7A2DF9C3" author="Creelman, R. A. & Mullet, J. E." box="[280,539,1581,1601]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="355 - 381" refId="ref6861" refString="Creelman, R. A., Mullet, J. E., 1997. Biosynthesis and action of jasmonates in plants. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 48, 355 - 381. https: // doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. arplant. 48.1.355." type="journal article" year="1997">Creelman and Mullet, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |