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<document id="466508C8584C6FB90F272453D8AEF110" ID-CLB-Dataset="207924" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997" ID-GBIF-Dataset="49c26e4e-77d4-4c8e-9257-b1b034d8d5f9" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7427642" ID-ZooBank="E8AD897F-2076-4850-9520-BB79B1EAFFEA" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1670846954125" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Bosselaers, Jan &amp; Jocqué, Rudy" docDate="2022" docId="9C479E6BFFF3FFD6FDF1F7CDFD35FCF9" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-850_1-78.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 850" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Andromma Simon 1893" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="607EE613FFF7FFD0FFAFF478FFE7FFFD" masterDocTitle="Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893" masterLastPageNumber="78" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1699413338424" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="42146AF9A88E746BBC1B57EB866280B4">Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="91EB03C8CEB758F18F53C97DF0225025" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="527D87ACFCC0FE82026BB133112978F3">Bosselaers, Jan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5D691731B8C3823A94CDEDF6CA074EC0">Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B82B2B15E9BFEE81D3EB093289D2851C" type="email">dochterland@telenet.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="0A69E46D35ABEFB3113ACEFC93B488AE">Jocqué, Rudy</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FDE82942D165CF29395B371FD557F06B">Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="DC1F84949B5F0E2480254F774287930B" type="email">jocque@africamuseum.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="024E2C9A2A1C2EA4C41F3D3EE16F34B1">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="CB88EE35E6750DE71ADE3C7C74B9525E">2022</mods:date>
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<treatment id="9C479E6BFFF3FFD6FDF1F7CDFD35FCF9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7433845" ID-GBIF-Taxon="206232260" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7433845" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9C479E6BFFF3FFD6FDF1F7CDFD35FCF9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C479E6BFFF3FFD6FDF1F7CDFD35FCF9" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<subSubSection id="5CF47CF6FFF3FFD4FDF1F7CDFC30FC32" box="[606,983,948,975]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="14512F7DFFF3FFD4FDF1F7CDFC30FC32" blockId="4.[606,983,948,975]" box="[606,983,948,975]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<heading id="4F199811FFF3FFD4FDF1F7CDFC30FC32" box="[606,983,948,975]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="2">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="D3EE54FEFFF3FFD4FD1FF7CCFC30FC32" ID-CoL="62C5C" authority="Simon, 1893" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1893" box="[688,983,948,975]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Andromma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF3FFD4FD1FF7CCFCDEFC32" bold="true" box="[688,825,948,975]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Andromma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="707F528CFFF3FFD4FCEFF7CDFC30FC32" author="Simon E." box="[832,983,949,975]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref28280" refString="Simon E. 1893. Histoire naturelle des araignees. Deuxieme edition, Tome premier: 257 - 488. Roret, Paris. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51973" type="book" year="1893">Simon, 1893</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="5CF47CF6FFF3FFD4FF11F78FFCC2FBBD" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="14512F7DFFF3FFD4FF11F78FFEBFFBED" blockId="4.[190,344,1014,1041]" box="[190,344,1014,1041]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<heading id="4F199811FFF3FFD4FF11F78FFEBFFBED" bold="true" box="[190,344,1014,1041]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="3">
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF3FFD4FF11F78FFEBFFBED" bold="true" box="[190,344,1014,1041]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<typeStatus id="CB5591DFFFF3FFD4FF11F78FFF1CFBEC" box="[190,251,1015,1041]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Type</typeStatus>
species
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="14512F7DFFF3FFD4FF11F05DFCC2FBBD" blockId="4.[190,805,1061,1088]" box="[190,805,1061,1088]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="D3EE54FEFFF3FFD4FF11F05DFD90FBBD" ID-CoL="66NSV" authority="Simon, 1893" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1893" box="[190,631,1061,1088]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Andromma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aethiopicum">
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF3FFD4FF11F05DFE30FBC2" box="[190,471,1061,1087]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Andromma aethiopicum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="707F528CFFF3FFD4FE70F05DFD90FBBD" author="Simon E." box="[479,631,1061,1088]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref28280" refString="Simon E. 1893. Histoire naturelle des araignees. Deuxieme edition, Tome premier: 257 - 488. Roret, Paris. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51973" type="book" year="1893">Simon, 1893</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by monotypy.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5CF47CF6FFF3FFD4FF11F01FFD02F982" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="14512F7DFFF3FFD4FF11F01FFED0FB7C" blockId="4.[190,311,1127,1153]" box="[190,311,1127,1153]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<heading id="4F199811FFF3FFD4FF11F01FFED0FB7C" bold="true" box="[190,311,1127,1153]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="3">
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF3FFD4FF11F01FFED0FB7C" bold="true" box="[190,311,1127,1153]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="14512F7DFFF3FFD4FF11F0EEFD02F982" blockId="4.[188,1400,1174,1663]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="D3EE54FEFFF3FFD4FF11F0EEFED8FB4D" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1893" box="[190,319,1174,1200]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Andromma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF3FFD4FF11F0EEFED8FB4D" box="[190,319,1174,1200]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Andromma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles
<taxonomicName id="D3EE54FEFFF3FFD4FE69F0EFFC9BFB4D" authority="Bosselaers &amp; Ledoux, 1998" authorityName="Bosselaers &amp; Ledoux" authorityYear="1998" box="[454,892,1174,1200]" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Hortipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF3FFD4FE69F0EFFDCAFB4D" box="[454,557,1175,1200]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Hortipes</emphasis>
Bosselaers &amp; Ledoux, 1998
</taxonomicName>
by the peculiar retina of the AMEs which, as seen from above, is only visible in the median half of these eyes. It differs from it by the absence of a metatarsal sensory array on the legs I and II (
<bibRefCitation id="707F528CFFF3FFD4FC86F0A5FB88FB0A" author="Bosselaers J. &amp; Jocque R." box="[809,1135,1245,1271]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 108" refId="ref26899" refString="Bosselaers J. &amp; Jocque R. 2000. Hortipes, a huge genus of tiny Afrotropical spiders (Araneae, Liocranidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 256: 1 - 108. https: // doi. org / bb 8 rs 5" type="journal article" year="2000">Bosselaers &amp; Jocqué 2000</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="707F528CFFF3FFD4FBD0F0A5FA8FFB0A" author="Ramirez M. J." box="[1151,1384,1245,1271]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 374" refId="ref28200" refString="Ramirez M. J. 2014. The morphology and phylogeny of dionychan spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 390: 1 - 374. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 821.1" type="journal article" year="2014">Ramirez 2014: 118</bibRefCitation>
), by the smaller number of ventral spine pairs on the tibia and metatarsus I and II, by the flat carapace, which is not elevated in the thoracic region, and by the absence of a median apophysis on the male bulbus.
<taxonomicName id="D3EE54FEFFF3FFD4FEB2F130FE79FA9F" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1893" box="[285,414,1352,1378]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Andromma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF3FFD4FEB2F130FE79FA9F" box="[285,414,1352,1378]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Andromma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also resembles the equally myrmecophilous
<taxonomicName id="D3EE54FEFFF3FFD4FC10F130FB11FA9F" authority="Bosselaers, 2009" authorityName="Bosselaers" authorityYear="2009" box="[959,1270,1352,1378]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Arabelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF3FFD4FC10F130FBC1FA9F" box="[959,1062,1352,1378]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Arabelia</emphasis>
Bosselaers,
<quantity id="D3168298FFF3FFD4FB14F130FB11FA9F" box="[1211,1270,1352,1378]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.10286" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="in" value="2009.0">2009</quantity>
</taxonomicName>
in general somatic aspect, but differs from it by the absence of an anterior epigynal hood, by the smaller copulatory opening, by the absence of spermathecae II, by the complex, bipartite RTA of the male palp, and by the longer embolus. It differs from
<taxonomicName id="D3EE54FEFFF3FFD4FD86F1CBFD4DFA30" baseAuthorityName="Lehtinen" baseAuthorityYear="1967" box="[553,682,1459,1485]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Cybaeodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF3FFD4FD86F1CBFD4DFA30" box="[553,682,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Cybaeodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the bipartite RTA, and by the absence of enlarged piriform gland spigots on the ALS of males, and from
<taxonomicName id="D3EE54FEFFF3FFD4FD74F1AFFC31FA0D" authority="Simon, 1898" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1898" box="[731,982,1494,1520]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Paratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF3FFD4FD74F1AFFCDFFA0D" box="[731,824,1495,1520]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Paratus</emphasis>
Simon, 1898
</taxonomicName>
by the flat carapace, by the shorter and less numerous ventral spine pairs on the tibia and metatarsus I and II, and by the absence of dorsal guanine spots on the abdomen.
<taxonomicName id="D3EE54FEFFF3FFD4FD9AF265FD51F9CA" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1893" box="[565,694,1565,1591]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Andromma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF3FFD4FD9AF265FD51F9CA" box="[565,694,1565,1591]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Andromma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="D3EE54FEFFF3FFD4FCFBF265FC07F9CA" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1897" box="[852,992,1565,1591]" class="Arachnida" family="Clubionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Liocraninae">Liocraninae</taxonomicName>
in general by the absence of rows of large and erectile bristles with special basal sockets in the ventral scopulae of tibia, metatarsus and tarsus of legs I–III (
<bibRefCitation id="707F528CFFF3FFD4FE0AF21DFD31F982" author="Ubick D. &amp; Platnick N. I." box="[421,726,1637,1663]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref28401" refString="Ubick D. &amp; Platnick N. I. 1991. On Hesperocranum, a new spider genus from western North America (Araneae, Liocranidae). American Museum Novitates 3019: 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1991">Ubick &amp; Platnick 1991: 2</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5CF47CF6FFF3FFD5FF11F2DEFBDAFC35" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
<paragraph id="14512F7DFFF3FFD4FF11F2DEFEA8F93D" blockId="4.[190,335,1702,1728]" box="[190,335,1702,1728]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<heading id="4F199811FFF3FFD4FF11F2DEFEA8F93D" bold="true" box="[190,335,1702,1728]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="3">
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF3FFD4FF11F2DEFEA8F93D" bold="true" box="[190,335,1702,1728]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="14512F7DFFF3FFD4FF44F2ADFC0AF912" blockId="4.[190,1400,1749,2025]" box="[235,1005,1749,1775]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF3FFD4FF44F2ADFC0AF912" bold="true" box="[235,1005,1749,1775]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Translation of original Latin description of
<bibRefCitation id="707F528CFFF3FFD4FCA4F2ADFC0AF912" author="Simon E." box="[779,1005,1749,1775]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref28280" refString="Simon E. 1893. Histoire naturelle des araignees. Deuxieme edition, Tome premier: 257 - 488. Roret, Paris. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51973" type="book" year="1893">Simon (1893: 390)</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="14512F7DFFF3FFD5FF11F281FB89FE96" blockId="4.[190,1400,1749,2025]" lastBlockId="5.[189,1399,265,363]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Cephalothorax short and oval, rather convex, without fovea. Four eyes in a straight transverse line, the medians of medium size, the laterals small, minute in males. Clypeus about twice as high as diameter of median eyes. Strong chelicerae with a robust and long fang. Labium much wider than long, transversely semicircular and hardly reaching the middle of the endites. Endites broad and short, not much longer than wide, very blunt, inclined, not curved or transversely grooved. Sternum convex, broadly heartshaped, wider than long. Posterior coxae widely spaced. Leg formula 4123. Legs rather short, tarsi long and hardly shorter than metatarsi, the anterior ones slightly fusiform. Tarsi hardly scopulated, but with dense claw tufts. Tarsal claws shiny and slender, with a series of 5–6 teeth reaching to the apex. Anterior lateral spinnerets closely spaced, longer than posterior medians. Posterior lateral spinnerets also longer than medians, their apical segment at least ⅓ shorter than basal one (
<figureCitation id="8CD533F8FFF2FFD5FC4CF529FB85FE96" box="[995,1122,337,363]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[189,232,1787,1813]" captionTargetBox="[252,1337,278,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-92@2.[243,1344,265,1744]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Andromma Simon, 1893. A–E. Eye patterns, dorsal view. F. Spinnerets, ventral view. G. ALS, ventral view. A–B. Andromma deogratias sp. nov.A. ♂, paratype (BE_RMCA_ARA.Ara 246048). B. ♀, paratype (BE_RMCA_ARA.Ara 246054). C–D. Andromma divinagraciae sp. nov. C. ♂, holotype (BE_ RMCA_ARA.Ara 246051). D. ♀, paratype (BE_RMCA_ARA.Ara 246055). E. Andromma ghesquierei sp. nov., ♀, paratype (BE_RMCA_ARA.Ara 84109). F–G. Andromma divinagraciae sp. nov., ♂, paratype (BE_RMCA_ARA.Ara 246056). Scale bars: A–E= 0.2 mm; F =0.1 mm; G = 0.01 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7427648" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7427648/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2F–G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="14512F7DFFF2FFD5FF45F5EBFDA5FE50" blockId="5.[188,1399,403,969]" box="[234,578,403,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF2FFD5FF45F5EBFDA5FE50" bold="true" box="[234,578,403,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Additional description data</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="14512F7DFFF2FFD5FF12F5C0FBDAFC35" blockId="5.[188,1399,403,969]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
In the remainder of the text,
<bibRefCitation id="707F528CFFF2FFD5FDA1F5CFFCCFFE2C" author="Simon E." box="[526,808,439,465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref28280" refString="Simon E. 1893. Histoire naturelle des araignees. Deuxieme edition, Tome premier: 257 - 488. Roret, Paris. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51973" type="book" year="1893">Simon (1893: 387–389)</bibRefCitation>
elaborated on the differences between
<taxonomicName id="D3EE54FEFFF2FFD5FB5AF5CFFA91FE2C" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1893" box="[1269,1398,439,465]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Andromma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF2FFD5FB5AF5CFFA91FE2C" box="[1269,1398,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Andromma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D3EE54FEFFF2FFD5FF40F5A3FE97FE08" baseAuthorityName="Lehtinen" baseAuthorityYear="1967" box="[239,368,475,501]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Cybaeodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF2FFD5FF40F5A3FE97FE08" box="[239,368,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cybaeodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="D3EE54FEFFF2FFD5FE35F5A3FC8BFE08" authority="O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872" authorityName="O. Pickard-Cambridge" authorityYear="1872" box="[410,876,475,501]" class="Arachnida" family="Cithaeronidae" genus="Cithaeron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF2FFD5FE35F5A3FDF7FE08" box="[410,528,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cithaeron</emphasis>
O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872
</taxonomicName>
(erroneously spelled
<taxonomicName id="D3EE54FEFFF2FFD5FBC3F5A3FB00FE08" box="[1132,1255,475,501]" class="Arachnida" family="Cithaeronidae" genus="Cythaeron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF2FFD5FBC3F5A3FB00FE08" box="[1132,1255,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cythaeron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the text). This allows us to infer the following additional characteristics: legs reddish brown, spineless, tarsal claw tufts consisting of tenent hairs (
<bibRefCitation id="707F528CFFF2FFD5FD8CF65BFD01FDC0" author="Forster R." box="[547,742,547,573]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref27467" refString="Forster R. 1970. The Spiders of New Zealand. Vol. 3: Desidae, Dictynidae, Hahniidae, Amaurobiodidae, Nicodamidae. Otago Museum Bulletin, Otago Museum, Otago." type="book" year="1970">Forster 1970: 18</bibRefCitation>
; Ubick &amp; Vetter 2005: 69, 71).Anterior lateral spinnerets rather small and cylindrical, separated at the base by their diameter. Posterior median spinnerets of similar shape, as long as anterior laterals or longer. Posterior lateral spinnerets a bit thicker than anterior laterals and slightly more widely separated, resulting in a trapezoidal spinneret area, which is narrower anteriorly, contrary to the situation in gnaphosids, except the
<taxonomicName id="D3EE54FEFFF2FFD5FC3BF6CCFC14FD30" box="[916,1011,692,717]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Micaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF2FFD5FC3BF6CCFC14FD30" box="[916,1011,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Micaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group (
<bibRefCitation id="707F528CFFF2FFD5FBE0F6CBFB1FFD30" author="Murphy J." box="[1103,1272,691,717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref27896" refString="Murphy J. 2007. Gnaphosid Genera of the World. British Arachnological Society St Neots, Cambridgeshire." type="book" year="2007">Murphy 2007</bibRefCitation>
). Posterior lateral spinnerets consisting of two segments, the apical one conical and at least one third shorter than the basal one. Female palp rather long, tibia much longer than patella, tarsus a bit longer than tibia and slightly fusiform. Male palpal tibia somewhat shorter than patella, with a bifid apophysis: a hook-shaped retrolateral apophysis (RTA) and a thicker ventral apophysis (VTA) with an anterior cavity. Simon also mentions a small tibial prolateral tooth, but we were unable to observe that in any of the species examined. Palpal tarsus longer than patella and tibia together, oval, large, convex, with a tip that largely exceeds the convex, simple bulbus. Abdomen covered in greyish silky hairs.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5CF47CF6FFF2FFD6FF45F789FD35FCF9" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="14512F7DFFF2FFD5FF45F789FD98FBF7" blockId="5.[189,1399,1008,1287]" box="[234,639,1008,1035]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF2FFD5FF45F789FD98FBF7" bold="true" box="[234,639,1008,1035]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Remarks on original description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="14512F7DFFF2FFD5FF12F06DFC66FB8A" blockId="5.[189,1399,1008,1287]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Simon’s original description understandably is solely based on the only species known to him at the time,
<taxonomicName id="D3EE54FEFFF2FFD5FEADF041FE50FBAF" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1893" box="[258,439,1080,1107]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Andromma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aethiopicum">
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF2FFD5FEADF041FE50FBAF" box="[258,439,1080,1107]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. aethiopicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Unfortunately, this species is one of the least representative for the genus as a whole. The following four corrections are important to note:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="14512F7DFFF2FFD5FF12F0F9FAD1FAFB" blockId="5.[189,1399,1008,1287]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
1. While some species of
<taxonomicName id="D3EE54FEFFF2FFD5FE45F0F8FD8CFB67" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1893" box="[490,619,1152,1178]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Andromma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF2FFD5FE45F0F8FD8CFB67" box="[490,619,1152,1178]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Andromma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have a sternum that is as wide as long (e.g., female of
<taxonomicName id="D3EE54FEFFF2FFD5FB75F0F9FA91FB67" authority="Bosselaers &amp; Jocqué, 2022" authorityName="Bosselaers &amp; Jocqué" authorityYear="2022" box="[1242,1398,1152,1179]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Andromma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deogratias" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF2FFD5FB75F0F9FA91FB67" box="[1242,1398,1152,1179]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. deogratias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3DA94E14FFF2FFD5FF4CF0DDFEA5FB42" box="[227,322,1189,1215]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="D3EE54FEFFF2FFD5FEFDF0DDFE31FB43" authorityName="Fage" authorityYear="1936" box="[338,470,1188,1215]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Andromma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bouvieri">
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF2FFD5FEFDF0DDFE31FB43" box="[338,470,1188,1215]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. bouvieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D3EE54FEFFF2FFD5FDBCF0DDFD5AFB43" authority="Bosselaers &amp; Jocqué, 2022" authorityName="Bosselaers &amp; Jocqué" authorityYear="2022" box="[531,701,1188,1215]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Andromma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ghesquierei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF2FFD5FDBCF0DDFD5AFB43" box="[531,701,1188,1215]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. ghesquierei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3DA94E14FFF2FFD5FD69F0DDFCC3FB42" box="[710,804,1189,1215]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
), the sternum is longer than wide in most species of
<taxonomicName id="D3EE54FEFFF2FFD5FEA9F0B0FE60FB1F" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1893" box="[262,391,1224,1250]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Andromma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF2FFD5FEA9F0B0FE60FB1F" box="[262,391,1224,1250]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Andromma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
known to date.
<taxonomicName id="D3EE54FEFFF2FFD5FDFFF0B0FC8BFB1F" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1893" box="[592,876,1224,1250]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Andromma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aethiopicum">
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF2FFD5FDFFF0B0FC8BFB1F" box="[592,876,1224,1250]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Andromma aethiopicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D3EE54FEFFF2FFD5FCD1F0B1FBC8FB1F" authority="Bosselaers &amp; Jocqué, 2022" authorityName="Bosselaers &amp; Jocqué" authorityYear="2022" box="[894,1071,1224,1251]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Andromma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anacardium" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF2FFD5FCD1F0B1FBC8FB1F" box="[894,1071,1224,1251]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. anacardium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3DA94E14FFF2FFD5FB96F0B1FB70FB1E" box="[1081,1175,1225,1251]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and the female of
<taxonomicName id="D3EE54FEFFF2FFD5FF4CF095FEBAFAFB" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1899" box="[227,349,1260,1287]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Andromma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="raffrayi">
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF2FFD5FF4CF095FEBAFAFB" box="[227,349,1260,1287]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. raffrayi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are the only species within the genus with a sternum that is clearly wider than long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="14512F7DFFF2FFD5FF12F158FC5EFAA3" blockId="5.[189,1399,1311,1374]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
2. Most species of
<taxonomicName id="D3EE54FEFFF2FFD5FE31F167FDF8FAC4" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1893" box="[414,543,1311,1337]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Andromma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF2FFD5FE31F167FDF8FAC4" box="[414,543,1311,1337]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Andromma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have eight eyes. The only other species with significant eye reduction are
<taxonomicName id="D3EE54FEFFF2FFD5FF4CF13CFE67FAA0" authority="Bosselaers &amp; Jocqué, 2022" authorityName="Bosselaers &amp; Jocqué" authorityYear="2022" box="[227,384,1347,1374]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Andromma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albinovani" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF2FFD5FF4CF13CFE67FAA0" box="[227,384,1347,1374]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. albinovani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3DA94E14FFF2FFD5FE27F13CFE04FAA3" box="[392,483,1348,1374]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="D3EE54FEFFF2FFD5FDB4F13CFD5EFAA0" authority="Bosselaers &amp; Jocqué, 2022" authorityName="Bosselaers &amp; Jocqué" authorityYear="2022" box="[539,697,1347,1374]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Andromma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deogratias" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF2FFD5FDB4F13CFD5EFAA0" box="[539,697,1347,1374]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. deogratias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3DA94E14FFF2FFD5FD6EF13CFCFCFAA3" box="[705,795,1348,1374]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="8CD533F8FFF2FFD5FC84F13BFC4BFAA3" box="[811,940,1347,1374]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[189,232,1787,1813]" captionTargetBox="[252,1337,278,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-92@2.[243,1344,265,1744]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Andromma Simon, 1893. A–E. Eye patterns, dorsal view. F. Spinnerets, ventral view. G. ALS, ventral view. A–B. Andromma deogratias sp. nov.A. ♂, paratype (BE_RMCA_ARA.Ara 246048). B. ♀, paratype (BE_RMCA_ARA.Ara 246054). C–D. Andromma divinagraciae sp. nov. C. ♂, holotype (BE_ RMCA_ARA.Ara 246051). D. ♀, paratype (BE_RMCA_ARA.Ara 246055). E. Andromma ghesquierei sp. nov., ♀, paratype (BE_RMCA_ARA.Ara 84109). F–G. Andromma divinagraciae sp. nov., ♂, paratype (BE_RMCA_ARA.Ara 246056). Scale bars: A–E= 0.2 mm; F =0.1 mm; G = 0.01 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7427648" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7427648/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2A–B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="14512F7DFFF2FFD5FF12F10FFC62FA6D" blockId="5.[189,901,1398,1425]" box="[189,901,1398,1425]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
3. Most species of
<taxonomicName id="D3EE54FEFFF2FFD5FE0DF10EFDC4FA6D" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1893" box="[418,547,1398,1424]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Andromma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF2FFD5FE0DF10EFDC4FA6D" box="[418,547,1398,1424]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Andromma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have at least some leg spines.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="14512F7DFFF2FFD5FF12F1D2FC90FA15" blockId="5.[189,1398,1449,1512]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
4.
<taxonomicName id="D3EE54FEFFF2FFD5FF4CF1D1FE83FA3E" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1893" box="[227,356,1449,1475]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Andromma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF2FFD5FF4CF1D1FE83FA3E" box="[227,356,1449,1475]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Andromma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does have a thoracic fovea, as our habitus photographs show (
<figureCitation id="8CD533F8FFF2FFD5FBFFF1D1FB25FA39" box="[1104,1218,1449,1476]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="39.[190,233,1710,1736]" captionTargetBox="[189,1385,289,1669]" captionTargetId="figure-41@39.[189,1400,287,1670]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Fig. 20. Andromma didrepanum sp. nov., ♂, holotype (BE_RMCA_ARA.Ara 216034). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Same, ventral view. C–D. Left palp, retrolateral view. E–F. Same, ventral view. Scale bars: A–B= 1 mm; C–F =0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7427696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7427696/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 20A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8CD533F8FFF2FFD5FB60F1D2FAE2FA39" box="[1231,1285,1450,1476]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="42.[189,232,1926,1952]" captionTargetBox="[252,1322,271,1880]" captionTargetId="figure-47@42.[252,1335,264,1884]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Fig. 22. Andromma divinagraciae sp. nov., ♀, paratype (BE_RMCA_ARA.Ara 246055). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Same, ventral view. C–D. Epigyne, ventral view. E–F. Same cleared, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B =2 mm; C–D=0.2 mm; E–F =0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7427702" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7427702/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">22A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8CD533F8FFF2FFD5FABDF1D2FAAFFA39" box="[1298,1352,1450,1476]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="59.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[234,1338,267,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-46@59.[234,1338,267,1897]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Fig. 30. Andromma ophiophagum sp. nov., ♀, holotype (RMCA_ARA_Ara 144686). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Cephalothorax, ventral view. C–D. Epigyne, ventral view. E–F. Same cleared, dorsal view. Scale bars: A=2 mm; B= 1 mm; C–F = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7427720" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7427720/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">30A</figureCitation>
). In very pale specimens, it may be difficult to see (
<figureCitation id="8CD533F8FFF2FFD5FCA3F1B5FC8DFA15" box="[780,874,1485,1512]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1738,1764]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,265,1693]" captionTargetId="figure-42@11.[189,1399,265,1693]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 5. Andromma aethiopicum Simon, 1893, ♀, paralectotype (MNHN AR1678). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Same, ventral view. C–D. Epigyne, ventral view. Abbreviation: CO=copulatory opening. Scale bars: A–B =1 mm; C–D=0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7427658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7427658/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="14512F7DFFF2FFD5FF12F278FAC3F9C3" blockId="5.[189,1398,1536,1599]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
5. In his French description,
<bibRefCitation id="707F528CFFF2FFD5FDB3F278FD1AF9E6" author="Simon E." box="[540,765,1536,1563]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref28280" refString="Simon E. 1893. Histoire naturelle des araignees. Deuxieme edition, Tome premier: 257 - 488. Roret, Paris. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51973" type="book" year="1893">Simon (1893: 388)</bibRefCitation>
refers to the claw tufts as “denses et formés de poils claviformes nombreux”. However, careful observation shows that these hairs are not clavate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="14512F7DFFF2FFD6FF12F21FFD35FCF9" blockId="5.[189,1401,1639,2025]" lastBlockId="6.[188,1399,265,773]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
To the above can be added that the AMEs of
<taxonomicName id="D3EE54FEFFF2FFD5FD49F21FFC80F97C" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1893" box="[742,871,1639,1665]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Andromma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF2FFD5FD49F21FFC80F97C" box="[742,871,1639,1665]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Andromma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are oriented divergently. As a consequence, the retina of the AMEs which, as seen from above, is only visible in the median half of these eyes. (
<figureCitation id="8CD533F8FFF2FFD5FF69F2D7FEA2F934" box="[198,325,1711,1737]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[189,232,1787,1813]" captionTargetBox="[252,1337,278,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-92@2.[243,1344,265,1744]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Andromma Simon, 1893. A–E. Eye patterns, dorsal view. F. Spinnerets, ventral view. G. ALS, ventral view. A–B. Andromma deogratias sp. nov.A. ♂, paratype (BE_RMCA_ARA.Ara 246048). B. ♀, paratype (BE_RMCA_ARA.Ara 246054). C–D. Andromma divinagraciae sp. nov. C. ♂, holotype (BE_ RMCA_ARA.Ara 246051). D. ♀, paratype (BE_RMCA_ARA.Ara 246055). E. Andromma ghesquierei sp. nov., ♀, paratype (BE_RMCA_ARA.Ara 84109). F–G. Andromma divinagraciae sp. nov., ♂, paratype (BE_RMCA_ARA.Ara 246056). Scale bars: A–E= 0.2 mm; F =0.1 mm; G = 0.01 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7427648" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7427648/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2A–E</figureCitation>
). Such AMEs are also present in
<taxonomicName id="D3EE54FEFFF2FFD5FD68F2D7FCC9F935" authorityName="Bosselaers &amp; Ledoux" authorityYear="1998" box="[711,814,1711,1736]" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Hortipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF2FFD5FD68F2D7FCC9F935" box="[711,814,1711,1736]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Hortipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="707F528CFFF2FFD5FC92F2D7FB9EF934" author="Bosselaers J. &amp; Jocque R." box="[829,1145,1711,1737]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 108" refId="ref26899" refString="Bosselaers J. &amp; Jocque R. 2000. Hortipes, a huge genus of tiny Afrotropical spiders (Araneae, Liocranidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 256: 1 - 108. https: // doi. org / bb 8 rs 5" type="journal article" year="2000">Bosselaers &amp; Jocqué 2000</bibRefCitation>
: figs 1–2),
<taxonomicName id="D3EE54FEFFF2FFD5FB56F2D7FDD1F910" authority="Mello-Leitao, 1925" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1925" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Attacobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF2FFD5FB56F2D7FA91F934" box="[1273,1398,1711,1737]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Attacobius</emphasis>
Mello-Leitão,1925 (Corinnidae)
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="707F528CFFF2FFD5FDECF2ABFC8AF910" author="Platnick N. I. &amp; Baptista R. L. C." box="[579,877,1746,1773]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref28130" refString="Platnick N. I. &amp; Baptista R. L. C. 1995. On the spider genus Attacobius (Araneae, Dionycha). American Museum Novitates 3120: 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1995">Platnick &amp; Baptista 1995</bibRefCitation>
: figs 7–8),
<taxonomicName id="D3EE54FEFFF2FFD5FC45F2ABFE9EF8ED" authority="Chamberlin &amp; Ivie, 1933" authorityName="Chamberlin &amp; Ivie" authorityYear="1933" class="Arachnida" family="Phrurolithidae" genus="Piabuna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF2FFD5FC45F2ABFBAAF910" box="[1002,1101,1747,1773]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Piabuna</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="707F528CFFF2FFD5FBFBF2ABFA90F910" author="Chamberlin R. V. &amp; Ivie W." box="[1108,1399,1747,1773]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref27140" refString="Chamberlin R. V. &amp; Ivie W. 1933. Spiders of the Raft River Mountains of Utah. Bulletin of the University of Utah 23: 1 - 79." type="journal article" year="1933">Chamberlin &amp; Ivie, 1933</bibRefCitation>
(Phrurolithidae)
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="707F528CFFF2FFD5FE23F28EFD32F8EC" author="Bosselaers J. &amp; Jocque R." box="[396,725,1782,1809]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="241 - 270" refId="ref26948" refString="Bosselaers J. &amp; Jocque R. 2002. Studies in Corinnidae: cladistic analysis of 38 corinnid and liocranid genera, and transfer of Phrurolithinae. Zoologica Scripta 31: 241 - 270. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1463 - 6409.2002.00080. x" type="journal article" year="2002">Bosselaers &amp; Jocqué 2002</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 2f;
<bibRefCitation id="707F528CFFF2FFD5FCEDF28EFB95F8EC" author="Chamberlin R. V. &amp; Ivie W." box="[834,1138,1782,1809]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref27140" refString="Chamberlin R. V. &amp; Ivie W. 1933. Spiders of the Raft River Mountains of Utah. Bulletin of the University of Utah 23: 1 - 79." type="journal article" year="1933">Chamberlin &amp; Ivie 1933</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 122),
<taxonomicName id="D3EE54FEFFF2FFD5FB53F28EFE1BF8C9" authority="Simon, 1897" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1897" class="Arachnida" family="Trachelidae" genus="Orthobula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF2FFD5FB53F28EFA91F8ED" box="[1276,1398,1782,1808]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Orthobula</emphasis>
Simon, 1897 (Trachelidae)
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="707F528CFFF2FFD5FDA2F362FCE7F8C8" author="Marusik Y. M. &amp; Ozkutuk R. S. &amp; Kunt K. B." box="[525,768,1818,1845]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="157 - 162" refId="ref27834" refString="Marusik Y. M., Ozkutuk R. S. &amp; Kunt K. B. 2013. On the identity and distribution of the poorly known spider Orthobula charitonovi (Mikhailov, 1986) (Aranei: Corinnidae). Arthropoda Selecta 22: 157 - 162. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / arthsel. 22.2.05" type="journal article" year="2013">
Marusik
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF2FFD5FDD5F363FD57F8C9" box="[634,688,1818,1844]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
. 2013
</bibRefCitation>
: figs 1–2) and
<taxonomicName id="D3EE54FEFFF2FFD5FC1AF363FB5CF8C9" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1898" box="[949,1211,1818,1844]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Paratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF2FFD5FC1AF363FBF5F8C9" box="[949,1042,1819,1844]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Paratus</emphasis>
(Liocranidae)
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="707F528CFFF2FFD5FB63F362FF1BF8A4" author="Marusik Y. M. &amp; Zheng G. &amp; Li S. Q." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="50 - 60" refId="ref27782" refString="Marusik Y. M., Zheng G. &amp; Li S. Q. 2008. A review of the genus Paratus Simon (Araneae, Dionycha). Zootaxa 1965 (1): 50 - 60. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1965.1.2" type="journal article" year="2008">
Marusik
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF2FFD5FA95F363FA90F8C9" box="[1338,1399,1818,1844]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 4), and others (
<bibRefCitation id="707F528CFFF2FFD5FE42F346FCC8F8A4" author="Bosselaers J. &amp; Jocque R." box="[493,815,1854,1881]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="241 - 270" refId="ref26948" refString="Bosselaers J. &amp; Jocque R. 2002. Studies in Corinnidae: cladistic analysis of 38 corinnid and liocranid genera, and transfer of Phrurolithinae. Zoologica Scripta 31: 241 - 270. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1463 - 6409.2002.00080. x" type="journal article" year="2002">Bosselaers &amp; Jocqué 2002</bibRefCitation>
: table 1). Furthermore, the male palp has a tibial apophysis split into a ventral (VTA) and retrolateral (RTA) part as well as a globular bulbus without median apophysis (
<figureCitation id="8CD533F8FFF2FFD5FE0DF3FEFDF9F85C" box="[418,542,1926,1953]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1801,1827]" captionTargetBox="[189,1388,266,1724]" captionTargetId="figure-0@10.[189,1399,265,1741]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 4. Andromma aethiopicum Simon, 1893, ♂, lectotype (MNHN AR1678). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Cephalothorax, ventral view. C–D. ♂, left palp, retrolateral view. E–F. Same, ventral view. Abbreviations: C =conductor; E =embolus; RTA=retrolateral tibial apophysis; SD =sperm duct; VTA=ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: A= 1 mm; B=0.5 mm; C–F = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7427656" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7427656/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 4E–F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8CD533F8FFF2FFD5FD84F3FEFD92F85D" box="[555,629,1926,1952]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[189,232,1931,1957]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,641,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-104@13.[189,1399,641,1891]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 6. Andromma albinovani sp. nov. A–B, D–G. ♂, holotype (BE_RMCA_ARA.Ara 177497). C. ♀, paratype (BE_RMCA_ARA.Ara 177497). A, C. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Same, ventral view. D–E. ♂, left palp, ventral view. F–G. Same, retrolateral view. Scale bars: A–C= 1 mm; D–G =0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7427662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7427662/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">6D–E</figureCitation>
). The epigyne presents conspicuous copulatory openings in most species (
<figureCitation id="8CD533F8FFF2FFD5FE8EF3D2FE42F838" box="[289,421,1962,1989]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1738,1764]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,265,1693]" captionTargetId="figure-42@11.[189,1399,265,1693]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 5. Andromma aethiopicum Simon, 1893, ♀, paralectotype (MNHN AR1678). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Same, ventral view. C–D. Epigyne, ventral view. Abbreviation: CO=copulatory opening. Scale bars: A–B =1 mm; C–D=0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7427658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7427658/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 5C–D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8CD533F8FFF2FFD5FE1EF3D2FE1FF839" box="[433,504,1962,1988]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[189,232,1845,1871]" captionTargetBox="[189,1382,265,1768]" captionTargetId="figure-66@18.[189,1399,265,1785]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 9. Andromma anacardium sp. nov., ♀, holotype (BE_RMCA_ARA.Ara 90890). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Same, ventral view. C–D. Epigyne, ventral view. E–F. Epigyne, cleared, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD=copulatory duct; CO= copulatory opening; FD = fertilisation duct; Sss =sickle shaped sclerites; ST =spermatheca. Scale bars: A–B =1 mm; C–D=0.2 mm; E–F =0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7427670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7427670/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">9C–D</figureCitation>
) and the vulva generally has more or less globular spermathecae (
<figureCitation id="8CD533F8FFF2FFD5FB53F3D2FF29F814" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="49.[189,232,1859,1885]" captionTargetBox="[242,1333,265,1818]" captionTargetId="figure-69@49.[242,1345,265,1818]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Fig. 25. Andromma ghesquierei sp. nov., ♀, paratypes. A–B. BE_RMCA_ARA.Ara 84109. C, E. BE_RMCA_ARA.Ara 177091. D, F. BE_RMCA_ARA.Ara 22878. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Cephalothorax, ventral view. C–D. Epigyne, ventral view. E–F. Same cleared, dorsal view. Abbreviations:CD =copulatory duct; CO=copulatory opening; FD =fertilisation duct; ST= spermatheca. Scale bars: A–B =1 mm; C–E =0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7427708" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7427708/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 25C– F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8CD533F8FFF2FFD5FF76F3B6FECBF815" box="[217,300,1998,2024]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="59.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[234,1338,267,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-46@59.[234,1338,267,1897]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Fig. 30. Andromma ophiophagum sp. nov., ♀, holotype (RMCA_ARA_Ara 144686). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Cephalothorax, ventral view. C–D. Epigyne, ventral view. E–F. Same cleared, dorsal view. Scale bars: A=2 mm; B= 1 mm; C–F = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7427720" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7427720/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">30E–F</figureCitation>
). The spermathecae have short, tubular fertilisation ducts running in posterior direction. These fertilisation ducts are accompanied by a sickle-shaped sclerite (Sss) oriented laterally or posteriorly (
<figureCitation id="8CD533F8FFF1FFD6FF69F556FEC1FEB5" box="[198,294,302,328]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[189,1387,884,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-117@14.[189,1399,884,1856]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 7. Andromma albinovani sp. nov., ♀, paratype (BE_RMCA_ARA.Ara 177497). A–B. Epigyne, ventral view. C–D. Same, cleared, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD = copulation duct; CO = copulatory openings; FD = fertilisation duct; Sss = sickle-shaped sclerite; ST = spermathecae. Scale bars: A–B =0.2 mm; C–D= 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7427666" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7427666/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="707F528CFFF1FFD6FE9CF556FDB4FEB5" author="Ledoux J. - C. &amp; Canard A." box="[307,595,302,328]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref27661" refString="Ledoux J. - C. &amp; Canard A. 1991. Initiation a l'etude systematique des araignees. 2 e edition. J. - C. Ledoux, Aramon, France." type="book" year="1991">Ledoux &amp; Canard 1991</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 36). Such sclerites should not be confounded with fertilisation ducts; they are commonly found in dionycha, e.g., in many
<taxonomicName id="D3EE54FEFFF1FFD6FC35F52BFB08FE93" authority="(Grimm 1985)" baseAuthorityName="Grimm" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[922,1263,339,366]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Gnaphosidae (
<bibRefCitation id="707F528CFFF1FFD6FBE9F52BFB02FE93" author="Grimm U." box="[1094,1253,339,366]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 318" refId="ref27501" refString="Grimm U. 1985. Die Gnaphosidae Mitteleuropas (Arachnida, Araneae). Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg (NF) 26: 1 - 318." type="journal article" year="1985">Grimm 1985</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D3EE54FEFFF1FFD6FB51F52BFDC4FE6F" authority="Westring, 1851" authorityName="Westring" authorityYear="1851" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Apostenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF1FFD6FB51F52BFA90FE90" box="[1278,1399,339,365]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Apostenus</emphasis>
Westring, 1851 (Liocranidae)
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="707F528CFFF1FFD6FD97F500FD3CFE6F" author="Grimm U." box="[568,731,376,402]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 91" refId="ref27530" refString="Grimm U. 1986. Die Clubionidae Mitteleuropas: Corinninae und Liocraninae (Arachnida, Araneae). Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg (NF) 27: 1 - 91." type="journal article" year="1986">Grimm 1986</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="D3EE54FEFFF1FFD6FD5AF500FB05FE6F" authority="Bosselaers, 2009" authorityName="Bosselaers" authorityYear="2009" box="[757,1250,376,402]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Arabelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Arabelia Bosselaers, 2009 (Liocranidae)</taxonomicName>
(Bosselaers 2009),
<taxonomicName id="D3EE54FEFFF1FFD6FEA0F5E5FCB0FE4A" authority="Wagner, 1887" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1887" box="[271,855,413,440]" class="Arachnida" family="Cheiracanthiidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF1FFD6FEA0F5E5FE29FE4A" box="[271,462,413,439]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cheiracanthium</emphasis>
Wagner, 1887 (Cheiracanthiidae)
</taxonomicName>
(Bosselaers 2013),
<taxonomicName id="D3EE54FEFFF1FFD6FB92F5E5FE1DFE21" authority="Bosselaers &amp; Jocque, 2013" authorityName="Bosselaers &amp; Jocque" authorityYear="2013" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Cteniogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF1FFD6FB92F5E5FB32FE4A" box="[1085,1237,413,439]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cteniogaster</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="707F528CFFF1FFD6FB73F5E5FEB2FE21" author="Bosselaers J. &amp; Jocque R." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 49" refId="ref26999" refString="Bosselaers J. &amp; Jocque R. 2013. Studies in Liocranidae (Araneae): a new afrotropical genus featuring a synapomorphy for the Cybaeodinae. European Journal of Taxonomy 40: 1 - 49. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2013.40" type="journal article" year="2013">Bosselaers &amp; Jocqué, 2013</bibRefCitation>
(Liocranidae)
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="707F528CFFF1FFD6FDA8F5BAFCD9FE21" author="Bosselaers J. &amp; Jocque R." box="[519,830,450,476]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 49" refId="ref26999" refString="Bosselaers J. &amp; Jocque R. 2013. Studies in Liocranidae (Araneae): a new afrotropical genus featuring a synapomorphy for the Cybaeodinae. European Journal of Taxonomy 40: 1 - 49. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2013.40" type="journal article" year="2013">Bosselaers &amp; Jocqué 2013</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="D3EE54FEFFF1FFD6FCE0F5BBFB0DFE21" authority="Tuneva, 2004" authorityName="Tuneva" authorityYear="2004" box="[847,1258,450,477]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Heser" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF1FFD6FCE0F5BBFC72FE21" box="[847,917,451,476]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Heser</emphasis>
Tuneva, 2004 (Gnaphosidae)
</taxonomicName>
(Bosselaers 2010),
<taxonomicName id="D3EE54FEFFF1FFD6FEBEF590FC8FFDFC" authority="Bosselaers &amp; Ledoux, 1998" authorityName="Bosselaers &amp; Ledoux" authorityYear="1998" box="[273,872,487,513]" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Hortipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF1FFD6FEBEF590FE9FFDFC" box="[273,376,488,513]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hortipes</emphasis>
Bosselaers &amp; Ledoux, 1998 (Corinnidae)
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="707F528CFFF1FFD6FCD7F59FFB5FFDFC" author="Bosselaers J. &amp; Jocque R." box="[888,1208,487,513]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 108" refId="ref26899" refString="Bosselaers J. &amp; Jocque R. 2000. Hortipes, a huge genus of tiny Afrotropical spiders (Araneae, Liocranidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 256: 1 - 108. https: // doi. org / bb 8 rs 5" type="journal article" year="2000">Bosselaers &amp; Jocqué 2000</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="D3EE54FEFFF1FFD6FB62F59FFD5DFDDB" authority="Bosselaers &amp; Bosmans, 2010" authorityName="Bosselaers &amp; Bosmans" authorityYear="2010" class="Arachnida" family="Trachelidae" genus="Metatrachelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF1FFD6FB62F59FFA91FDFC" box="[1229,1398,487,513]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Metatrachelas</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="707F528CFFF1FFD6FF12F674FDF2FDDB" author="Bosselaers J. &amp; Bosmans R." box="[189,533,524,551]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="41 - 56" refId="ref26839" refString="Bosselaers J. &amp; Bosmans R. 2010. Studies in Corinnidae (Araneae): a new Paratrachelas Kovblyuk &amp; Nadolny fromAlgeria, as well as the description of a new genus of Old World Trachelinae. Zootaxa 2612 (1): 41 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2612.1.3" type="journal article" year="2010">Bosselaers &amp; Bosmans, 2010</bibRefCitation>
(Trachelidae)
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="707F528CFFF1FFD6FD66F674FBC7FDDB" author="Bosselaers J. &amp; Bosmans R." box="[713,1056,524,551]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="41 - 56" refId="ref26839" refString="Bosselaers J. &amp; Bosmans R. 2010. Studies in Corinnidae (Araneae): a new Paratrachelas Kovblyuk &amp; Nadolny fromAlgeria, as well as the description of a new genus of Old World Trachelinae. Zootaxa 2612 (1): 41 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2612.1.3" type="journal article" year="2010">Bosselaers &amp; Bosmans 2010</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="D3EE54FEFFF1FFD6FB9BF674FDC6FDB6" authority="Kovblyuk &amp; Nadolny, 2009" authorityName="Kovblyuk &amp; Nadolny" authorityYear="2009" class="Arachnida" family="Trachelidae" genus="Paratrachelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF1FFD6FB9BF674FB3BFDDB" box="[1076,1244,524,550]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Paratrachelas</emphasis>
Kovblyuk &amp; Nadolny, 2009 (Trachelidae)
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="707F528CFFF1FFD6FD96F649FCBAFDB6" author="Bosselaers J. &amp; Urones C. &amp; Barrientos J. A. &amp; Alberdi J. M." box="[569,861,561,588]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="15 - 38" refId="ref27048" refString="Bosselaers J., Urones C., Barrientos J. A. &amp; Alberdi J. M. 2009. On the Mediterranean species of Trachelinae (Araneae, Corinnidae) with a revision of Trachelas L. Koch 1872 on the Iberian Peninsula. Journal of Arachnology 37: 15 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.1636 / A 08 - 33.1" type="journal article" year="2009">
Bosselaers
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF1FFD6FD66F64AFCE1FDB6" box="[713,774,561,587]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al</emphasis>
. 2009
</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="D3EE54FEFFF1FFD6FCD4F649FA90FDB6" authority="Simon, 1897" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1897" box="[891,1399,561,587]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Rhaeboctesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF1FFD6FCD4F649FBF1FDB6" box="[891,1046,561,587]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Rhaeboctesis</emphasis>
Simon, 1897 (Liocranidae)
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="707F528CFFF1FFD6FF6AF62EFDF6FD8D" author="Bosselaers J. &amp; Jocque R." box="[197,529,598,624]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="241 - 270" refId="ref26948" refString="Bosselaers J. &amp; Jocque R. 2002. Studies in Corinnidae: cladistic analysis of 38 corinnid and liocranid genera, and transfer of Phrurolithinae. Zoologica Scripta 31: 241 - 270. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1463 - 6409.2002.00080. x" type="journal article" year="2002">Bosselaers &amp; Jocqué 2002</bibRefCitation>
), and
<taxonomicName id="D3EE54FEFFF1FFD6FDCEF62EFBD9FD8D" authority="L. Koch, 1872" authorityName="L. Koch" authorityYear="1872" box="[609,1086,598,625]" class="Arachnida" family="Trachelidae" genus="Trachelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF1FFD6FDCEF62EFD32FD8D" box="[609,725,598,624]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Trachelas</emphasis>
L. Koch, 1872 (Trachelidae)
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="707F528CFFF1FFD6FBFCF62EFA8CFD8D" author="Bosselaers J. &amp; Urones C. &amp; Barrientos J. A. &amp; Alberdi J. M." box="[1107,1387,598,625]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="15 - 38" refId="ref27048" refString="Bosselaers J., Urones C., Barrientos J. A. &amp; Alberdi J. M. 2009. On the Mediterranean species of Trachelinae (Araneae, Corinnidae) with a revision of Trachelas L. Koch 1872 on the Iberian Peninsula. Journal of Arachnology 37: 15 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.1636 / A 08 - 33.1" type="journal article" year="2009">
Bosselaers
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF1FFD6FB71F62FFAF0FD8D" box="[1246,1303,598,624]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al</emphasis>
. 2009
</bibRefCitation>
). However, these sclerites are never explicitly mentioned in the literature.
<bibRefCitation id="707F528CFFF1FFD6FC5AF603FB0BFD68" author="Engelhardt V. von" box="[1013,1260,635,661]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="32 - 117" refId="ref27322" refString="Engelhardt V. von. 1910. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der weiblichen Copulationsorgane einiger Spinnen. Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie 96: 32 - 117." type="journal article" year="1910">Engelhardt (1910: 73</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 25) and
<bibRefCitation id="707F528CFFF1FFD6FF12F6D8FE4DFD47" author="Osterloh A." box="[189,426,672,698]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="326 - 421" refId="ref27971" refString="Osterloh A. 1922. Beitrage zur Kenntnis des Kopulationsapparates einiger Spinnen. Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie 119: 326 - 421." type="journal article" year="1922">Osterloh (1922: 386</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 36) mention sclerotised beams in the vulvae of
<taxonomicName id="D3EE54FEFFF1FFD6FBA9F6D8FEE7FD22" authority="(Walckenaer, 1802)" baseAuthorityName="Walckenaer" baseAuthorityYear="1802" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Platnickina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tincta">
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF1FFD6FBA9F6D8FB30FD47" box="[1030,1239,672,698]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Platnickina tincta</emphasis>
(Walckenaer, 1802)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D3EE54FEFFF1FFD6FE93F6BDFCF5FD22" authority="(C. L. Koch, 1841)" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[316,786,709,735]" class="Arachnida" family="Agelenidae" genus="Allagelena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilens">
<emphasis id="269AF36FFFF1FFD6FE93F6BDFDD7FD22" box="[316,560,709,735]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Allagelena gracilens</emphasis>
(C.L. Koch, 1841)
</taxonomicName>
respectively, but these structures do not correspond to the sickle-shaped sclerites mentioned here.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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