114 lines
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114 lines
15 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="B081F23D48951BE4887DEA8CF9176DE5">A review of present knowledge of larvae of the Calopterygoidea (Zygoptera) of the Oriental realm, including keys to families and known genera</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="202A5E47B1620BEB7C71C6BEB56AA82E">Orr, Albert G. W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="5AEB52536220064AE6EBC914D6EF2D08">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="3CFFF2D539197869A7FC9C98789CCFE8">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="43E15961B79D2D22BF95AAABE36C8BC5">2024-08-23</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B256A6F941FD3A43E27435A5A55B7FE3">5497</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="1E1B87BFB10B77B17A43CBCFC443AD3E">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="5A33EF6B58113AB0E2D21157C43C1AD8" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5497.2.3</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="53C06530E03BD75CFF79ECB7FE51FF6D" box="[151,411,151,177]" pageId="14" pageNumber="223" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="1B6536BBE03BD75CFF79ECB7FE51FF6D" blockId="14.[151,411,151,177]" box="[151,411,151,177]" pageId="14" pageNumber="223">
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<heading id="402D81D7E03BD75CFF79ECB7FE51FF6D" bold="true" box="[151,411,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="223" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E03BD75CFF79ECB7FE51FF6D" bold="true" box="[151,411,151,177]" pageId="14" pageNumber="223">
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Family
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<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E03BD75CFF1BECB7FE51FF6D" ID-CoL="9WSWX" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1960" box="[245,411,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Argiolestidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="14" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Argiolestidae</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="53C06530E03BD75CFF79ECC0FB6AFD2D" pageId="14" pageNumber="223" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="1B6536BBE03BD75CFF79ECC0FDE4FD11" blockId="14.[151,1437,223,754]" pageId="14" pageNumber="223">
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Just four genera and 15 species of this mainly Australian and Oceanian realm (sensu
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<bibRefCitation id="7F4B4B4AE03BD75CFB6AECFFFA8BFF25" author="Holt, B. G. & Lessard, J. - P. & Borregaard, M. K. & Fritz, S. A. & Araujo, M. B. & Dimitrov, D. & Fabre, P. - H. & Graham, C. H. & Graves, G. R. & Jonsson, K. A. & Nogues-Bravo, D. & Wang, Z. & Whittaker, R. J. & Fjeldsa, J. & Rahbek, C." box="[1156,1345,223,250]" pageId="14" pageNumber="223" pagination="74 - 78" refId="ref23468" refString="Holt, B. G., Lessard, J. - P., Borregaard, M. K., Fritz, S. A., Araujo, M. B., Dimitrov, D., Fabre, P. - H., Graham, C. H., Graves, G. R., Jonsson, K. A., Nogues-Bravo, D., Wang, Z., Whittaker, R. J., Fjeldsa, J. & Rahbek, C. (2013) An update of Wallace's zoogeographic regions of the world. Science, 339, 74 - 78. https: // doi. org / 10.1126 / science. 1228282" type="journal article" year="2013">
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Holt
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<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E03BD75CFB2EECC0FB3FFF25" box="[1216,1269,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="223">et al</emphasis>
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. 2013
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</bibRefCitation>
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) family occur in the Oriental realm, and only one genus,
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<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E03BD75CFD34ED23FC99FEC1" authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1862" box="[730,851,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Megapodagrionidae" genus="Podolestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="14" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E03BD75CFD34ED23FC99FEC1" box="[730,851,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="223">Podolestes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(9 spp.), occurs on the Asian mainland (
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<bibRefCitation id="7F4B4B4AE03BD75CFADAED23FE44FE9D" author="Kalkman, V. J. & Theischinger, G." pageId="14" pageNumber="223" pagination="1 - 52" refId="ref23895" refString="Kalkman, V. J. & Theischinger, G. (2013) Generic revision of Argiolestidae (Odonata), with four new genera. International Journal of Odonatology, 16, 1 - 52. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 13887890.2012.749450" type="journal article" year="2013">Kalkman & Theischinger 2013</bibRefCitation>
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). The larva is known and described only for
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<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E03BD75CFC7AED08FBAEFE9D" authority="Selys" authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1852" box="[916,1124,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Megapodagrionidae" genus="Podolestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="14" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
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<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E03BD75CFC7AED08FBD7FE9D" box="[916,1053,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="223">P. orientalis</emphasis>
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Selys
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="7F4B4B4AE03BD75CFB9AED07FAA9FE9D" author="Choong, C. Y. & Orr, A. G." box="[1140,1379,295,321]" pageId="14" pageNumber="223" pagination="109 - 117" refId="ref22377" refString="Choong, C. Y. & Orr, A. G. (2010) The larva of Podolestes orientalis from West Malaysia, with notes on its habitat and biology (Odonata: Megapodagrionidae). International Journal of Odonatology, 13, 109 - 117. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 13887890.2010.9748365" type="journal article" year="2010">Choong & Orr 2010</bibRefCitation>
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), but other species of the genus are probably similar. Based on their well-known Australian relatives all argiolestids are believed to possess broad, rounded or foliate caudal gills arranged in a horizontal fan, and most are of moderately stout build.
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<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E03BD75CFEF5EDB3FE5EFE71" authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1862" box="[283,404,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Megapodagrionidae" genus="Podolestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="14" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E03BD75CFEF5EDB3FE5EFE71" box="[283,404,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="223">Podolestes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="83E12A3EE03BD75CFE4CEDB3FE3EFE71" box="[418,500,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–17. 12" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1903,1927]" captionTargetBox="[190,1400,160,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[178,1409,151,1889]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12–17. 12. Mesopodagrion tibetanum, habitus with detail of right profile of head (based on Yu 2016). 13. M. tibetanum, detail of mask (redrawn from Yu 2016). 14. Podolestes orientalis, habitus (from Choong & Orr 2010). 15. Podolestes orientalis, detail of mask (from Choong & Orr 2010). 16. Rhipidolestes aculeatus, habitus and detail of lateral and median gill (modified from Asahina 1994). 17. Rhipidolestes aculeatus, detail of mask (modified from Ishida 1996)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618327/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="223">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
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), is known west of Sulawesi and the
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<collectingCountry id="63CD762BE03BD75CFC63EDB3FBC1FE71" box="[909,1035,403,429]" name="Philippines" pageId="14" pageNumber="223">Philippines</collectingCountry>
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and in eastern mainland Asia where it might be broadly sympatric with species of
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<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E03BD75CFD60ED97FCA6FE0D" authorityName="Kalkman & Abbott" authorityYear="2021" box="[654,876,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Mesopodagrionidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="14" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Mesopodagrionidae</taxonomicName>
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which argiolestid larvae most resemble. However,
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<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E03BD75CFF79EDFBFEDAFE29" authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1862" box="[151,272,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Megapodagrionidae" genus="Podolestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="14" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E03BD75CFF79EDFBFEDAFE29" box="[151,272,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="223">Podolestes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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larvae have much larger gill lamellae, a different head shape and finer, longer antennae; the prementum is long and narrow, expanded anteriorly with almost no median lobe (
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<figureCitation id="83E12A3EE03BD75CFC78EDDFFC22FDC6" box="[918,1000,511,538]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–17. 12" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1903,1927]" captionTargetBox="[190,1400,160,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[178,1409,151,1889]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12–17. 12. Mesopodagrion tibetanum, habitus with detail of right profile of head (based on Yu 2016). 13. M. tibetanum, detail of mask (redrawn from Yu 2016). 14. Podolestes orientalis, habitus (from Choong & Orr 2010). 15. Podolestes orientalis, detail of mask (from Choong & Orr 2010). 16. Rhipidolestes aculeatus, habitus and detail of lateral and median gill (modified from Asahina 1994). 17. Rhipidolestes aculeatus, detail of mask (modified from Ishida 1996)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618327/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="223">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
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). They inhabit pools in lowland swamp forest, as opposed to swift upland streams. Even in situations where the adults are abundant, the larvae can be very difficult to locate, but they have been discovered among leaf litter in shallow forest pools and in bankside root masses in very slowly flowing streams. According to
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<bibRefCitation id="7F4B4B4AE03BD75CFD02EE4BFC05FD59" author="Ngiam, R. W. J. & Ng, M. F. C." box="[748,975,619,646]" pageId="14" pageNumber="223" refId="ref25398" refString="Ngiam, R. W. J. & Ng, M. F. C. (2022) A photographic field guide to the dragonflies & damselflies of Singapore. John Beaufoy Publishing, Oxford, 340 pp." type="book" year="2022">Ngiam & Ng (2022)</bibRefCitation>
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the larva “Hunts among fallen leaf packs at shallow edges of forest pools, with abdomen raised and gills aimed at the surface, possibly to maximise oxygen uptake in poorly oxygenated pools”.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1B6536BBE03BD75CFF29EEF8FB6AFD2D" blockId="14.[151,1437,223,754]" box="[199,1184,727,754]" pageId="14" pageNumber="223">
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Larva unknown:
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<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E03BD75CFE68EEF7FDC9FD2D" authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1862" box="[390,515,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Megapodagrionidae" genus="Argiolestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="14" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E03BD75CFE68EEF7FDC9FD2D" box="[390,515,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="223">Argiolestes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<specimenCount id="0DDCFD32E03BD75CFDFBEEF7FD80FD2D" box="[533,586,727,753]" count="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="223" type="generic">1 sp.</specimenCount>
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),
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<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E03BD75CFD8EEEF7FCD1FD2D" authorityName="Kennedy" authorityYear="1925" box="[608,795,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Megapodagrionidae" genus="Celebargiolestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="14" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E03BD75CFD8EEEF7FCD1FD2D" box="[608,795,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="223">Celebargiolestes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(4 spp.),
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<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E03BD75CFC68EEF7FB8EFD2D" authorityName="Kalkman & Theischinger" authorityYear="2013" box="[902,1092,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Argiolestidae" genus="Luzonargiolestes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="14" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E03BD75CFC68EEF7FB8EFD2D" box="[902,1092,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="223">Luzonargiolestes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(2 spp.)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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