194 lines
25 KiB
XML
194 lines
25 KiB
XML
<document id="A9766C8F3B0C574B561175309A15BB1D" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5497.2.3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13618317" ID-ZooBank="B3C66D95-3585-4920-BE93-A44D33FB2FBB" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" IM.treatments_approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1725025887147" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Orr, Albert G. W." docDate="2024" docId="937387ADE025D742FF79ED4FFEA7FAD1" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5497.2.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5497 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5497.2.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Matrona Selys 1853" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="225" masterDocId="6F4AFFD5E035D752FFEEEC20FFCAFFDC" masterDocTitle="A review of present knowledge of larvae of the Calopterygoidea (Zygoptera) of the Oriental realm, including keys to families and known genera" masterLastPageNumber="243" masterPageNumber="209" pageNumber="225" updateTime="1731029118091" updateUser="admin" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="070D5A2B2FF8CF0165BDF5DF102C0299">A review of present knowledge of larvae of the Calopterygoidea (Zygoptera) of the Oriental realm, including keys to families and known genera</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="13A8047E5A24E3C9284782908A0199D5">Orr, Albert G. W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="5979EACA0A30AEC3D7870AD7F7170762">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="4F3104E6E39B103E8B4B260C343F7F08">
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<mods:date id="CF81FCBF2CEEEC82F2B870F46A29419D">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F6469C1699991A931FE4998AAF858D2C">2024-08-23</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F1C32400BE040E956DB9EF91A550A879">5497</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="F936E70CBB112501C209CDFB263A7118" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5497.2.3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="13623630C314E254AFA64928CC2D5EA0" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="53C06530E025D742FF79ED4FFF36FE55" box="[151,252,367,393]" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="1B6536BBE025D742FF79ED4FFF36FE55" blockId="16.[151,1437,367,1293]" box="[151,252,367,393]" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">
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<heading id="402D81D7E025D742FF79ED4FFF36FE55" bold="true" box="[151,252,367,393]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E025D742FF79ED4FFF36FE55" ID-CoL="5M27" authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1853" box="[151,252,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Calopterygidae" genus="Matrona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E025D742FF79ED4FFF36FE55" bold="true" box="[151,252,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">Matrona</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="53C06530E025D742FF79EDB3FEA7FAD1" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="1B6536BBE025D742FF79EDB3FEA7FAD1" blockId="16.[151,1437,367,1293]" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">
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The genus
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<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E025D742FEFDEDB3FEBEFE70" authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1853" box="[275,372,403,428]" class="Insecta" family="Calopterygidae" genus="Matrona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E025D742FEFDEDB3FEBEFE70" box="[275,372,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">Matrona</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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ranges from islands of southern
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<collectingCountry id="63CD762BE025D742FD0AEDB3FCEEFE71" box="[740,804,403,429]" name="Japan" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">Japan</collectingCountry>
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to
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<collectingCountry id="63CD762BE025D742FCA6EDB3FC44FE71" box="[840,910,403,429]" name="China" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">China</collectingCountry>
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, Indochina,
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<collectingCountry id="63CD762BE025D742FBF9EDB3FBB7FE71" box="[1047,1149,403,429]" name="Thailand" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">Thailand</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="63CD762BE025D742FB66EDB3FB3FFE71" box="[1160,1269,403,429]" name="Myanmar" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
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and north-east
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<collectingCountry id="63CD762BE025D742FF79ED97FF1BFE0D" box="[151,209,439,465]" name="India" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">India</collectingCountry>
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and includes nine species. It has recently undergone substantial revision (Yu
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<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E025D742FBC0ED97FB95FE0D" box="[1070,1119,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">et al</emphasis>
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. 2015) hence although there are several descriptions of the larvae of supposedly
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<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E025D742FD00EDFBFC71FE29" authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1853" box="[750,955,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Calopterygidae" genus="Matrona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="basilaris">
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<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E025D742FD00EDFBFC71FE29" box="[750,955,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">Matrona basilaris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, based on their range some are obviously of other species, and some may be of uncertain identity.
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<bibRefCitation id="7F4B4B4AE025D742FCCCEDDFFC03FDC5" author="Fraser, F. C." box="[802,969,511,537]" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" pagination="459 - 467" refId="ref22809" refString="Fraser, F. C. (1919 b) Descriptions of new Indian Odonate larvae and exuviae. Records of the Indian Museum, 16, 459 - 467, pls. 32 - 37 excl. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 25934" type="journal article" year="1919">Fraser (1919b)</bibRefCitation>
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described
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<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E025D742FBA9EDDFFAF8FDC5" authority="Selys" authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1879" box="[1095,1330,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Calopterygidae" genus="Matrona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigripectus">
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<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E025D742FBA9EDDFFB26FDC4" box="[1095,1260,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">M. nigripectus</emphasis>
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Selys
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</taxonomicName>
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larva (as
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<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E025D742FF79EE03FF33FDE1" authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1853" box="[151,249,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Calopterygidae" genus="Matrona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="basilaris">
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<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E025D742FF79EE03FF33FDE1" box="[151,249,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">basilaris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) from the Shillong area in
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<collectingRegion id="D91EF859E025D742FDDDEE03FD78FDE1" box="[563,690,547,573]" country="India" name="Meghalaya" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">Meghalaya</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="63CD762BE025D742FD51EE03FD33FDE1" box="[703,761,547,573]" name="India" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">India</collectingCountry>
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at about
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<quantity id="DC229B5EE025D742FC8BEE02FC35FDE1" box="[869,1023,546,573]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" unit="m" value="1450.0" valueMax="1500.0" valueMin="1400.0">1400-1500 m</quantity>
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, providing a habitus drawing of fair quality and a rather surreal depiction of structural details which nevertheless can be interpreted accurately enough to recognise similarities with other species.
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<bibRefCitation id="7F4B4B4AE025D742FD92EE4BFCB7FD59" author="Matsuki, K. & Lien, J. C." box="[636,893,619,645]" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" pagination="15 - 26" refId="ref24810" refString="Matsuki, K. & Lien, J. C. (1978) Descriptions of the larvae of three families of Zygoptera breeding in the streams of Taiwan (Synlestidae, Euphaeidae & Calopterygidae). Tombo - Acta Odonatologica Japonica, 21, 15 - 26." type="journal article" year="1978">Matsuki & Lien (1978)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="7F4B4B4AE025D742FC5CEE4BFB8DFD59" author="Ishida, K." box="[946,1095,619,645]" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" refId="ref23597" refString="Ishida, K. (1996) Monograph of Odonata larvae in Japan. Hokkaido University Press, Sapporo, 446 pp. [in Japanese]" type="book" year="1996">Ishida (1996)</bibRefCitation>
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provided detailed descriptions and illustrations including the habitus for
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<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E025D742FD81EEAFFC38FD75" authority="Hamalainen & Yeh" authorityName="Hamalainen & Yeh" authorityYear="2000" box="[623,1010,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Calopterygidae" genus="Matrona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyanoptera">
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<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E025D742FD81EEAFFCD9FD74" box="[623,787,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">M. cyanoptera</emphasis>
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Hämäläinen & Yeh
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E025D742FBC7EEAFFAC2FD75" authority="Forster" authorityName="Forster" box="[1065,1288,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Calopterygidae" genus="Calopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
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<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E025D742FBC7EEAFFB7BFD74" box="[1065,1201,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">M. japonica</emphasis>
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Förster
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</taxonomicName>
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respectively.
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<bibRefCitation id="7F4B4B4AE025D742FF79EE93FE9FFD11" author="Needham, J. G." box="[151,341,691,717]" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref24989" refString="Needham, J. G. (1930) A manual of the dragonflies of China: A monographic study of the Chinese Odonata. [Zoologia Sinica, Series A. Invertebrates of China, Vol. 11. Fascicle 1]. The Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, Peiping, xi + 344 pp., pls. 1 - 20 excl." type="book chapter" year="1930">Needham (1930)</bibRefCitation>
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, illustrates the basic habitus sketch of ‘
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<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E025D742FCEBEE93FC46FD11" authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1853" box="[773,908,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Calopterygidae" genus="Matrona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="basilaris">
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<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E025D742FCEBEE93FC46FD11" box="[773,908,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">M. basilaris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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’ but as it is evidently based on a specimen from mainland
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<collectingCountry id="63CD762BE025D742FEEAEEF7FE8DFD2D" box="[260,327,727,753]" name="China" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">China</collectingCountry>
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(Hangchow,
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<collectingRegion id="D91EF859E025D742FE37EEF7FD8BFD2D" box="[473,577,727,753]" country="China" name="Zhejiang" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">Zhejiang</collectingRegion>
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), its identity must be treated with caution, especially as it depicts exceptionally long legs. Most recently
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<bibRefCitation id="7F4B4B4AE025D742FE59EEDBFD5BFCC9" author="Wang, R. & Yu, X. & Xue, J. & Ning, X." box="[439,657,763,789]" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" pagination="580 - 592" refId="ref27434" refString="Wang, R., Yu, X., Xue, J. & Ning, X. (2017) Descriptions of larvae of Vestalaria venusta (Hamalainen, 2004) and Matrona basilaris Selys, 1853 (Odonata: Calopterygidae). Zootaxa, 4306 (4), 580 - 592. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4306.4.8" type="journal article" year="2017">
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Wang
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<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E025D742FDECEEDBFDFCFCC9" box="[514,566,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">et al</emphasis>
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. (2017)
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</bibRefCitation>
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described and illustrated photographically
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<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E025D742FB6AEEDBFAC4FCC9" authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1853" box="[1156,1294,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Calopterygidae" genus="Matrona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="basilaris">
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<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E025D742FB6AEEDBFAC4FCC9" box="[1156,1294,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">M. basilaris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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larvae from
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<collectingRegion id="D91EF859E025D742FF79EF3FFF2AFCE5" box="[151,224,799,825]" country="China" name="Anhui" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">Anhui</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="63CD762BE025D742FF00EF3FFEFFFCE5" box="[238,309,799,825]" name="China" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">China</collectingCountry>
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. This specimen is a confirmed DNA match with adult
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<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E025D742FC41EF3FFBF3FCE5" authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1853" box="[943,1081,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Calopterygidae" genus="Matrona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="basilaris">
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<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E025D742FC41EF3FFBF3FCE5" box="[943,1081,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">M. basilaris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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hence their description can be considered definitive (
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<figureCitation id="83E12A3EE025D742FE7CEF63FE23FC81" box="[402,489,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURES 27–34. 27" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1845,1869]" captionTargetBox="[252,1326,159,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-15@7.[251,1336,153,1839]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 27–34. 27. Prementum of Calopterygidae showing measurements used in family key (based on Calopteryx japonica, redrawn from Miyakawa 1983). 28. Neurobasis chinensis, prementum and left labial palp (redrawn from Lieftinck 1965). 29. Matronoides cyaneipennis, prementum and labial palps (ventral view). 30. Matrona basilaris, prementum (dorsal view, drawn from Wang et al. 2017). 31. Atrocalopteryx atrata, prementum (dorsal view, redrawn from Miyakawa 1983). 32. Mnais tenuis, prementum (dorsal view, redrawn from Matsuki & Lien 1977). 33. Echo uniformis, prementum and left labial palp dorsal view (redrawn from Lieftinck 1965). 34. Psolodesmus mandarinus, prementum (dorsal view, redrawn from Matsuki & Lien 1978)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618333/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">Figs 30</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="83E12A3EE025D742FE18EF63FDDEFC81" box="[502,532,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURES 42–51. 42" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1592,1616]" captionTargetBox="[165,1413,192,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-15@9.[151,1435,181,1568]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 42–51. 42. Archineura incarnata: caudal gills; left lateral above, median below (drawn from Yang et al. 2022). 43. Echo modesta: caudal gills; left lateral above, median below, with baso-dorsal shield arrowed (original illustration). 44. Psolodesmus mandarinus, dorsal view of caudal gills, with baso-dorsal shield of median gill arrowed (redrawn from Matsuki & Lien 1978). 45. Mnais andersoni, left lateral caudal gill with upper margin of median gill visible; baso-dorsal shield of median gill arrowed (original illustration). 46. Mnais gregoryi: caudal gills; left lateral above, median below, with baso-dorsal shield arrowed (drawn from Yang et al. 2021). 47. Caliphaea angka: caudal gills; left lateral above, median below (drawn from Yang et al. 2021). 48. Matrona basilaris: caudal gills; left lateral above, median below (drawn from Wang et al. 2017). 49. Vestalaria venusta: caudal gills; left lateral above, median below (drawn from Wang et al. 2017). 50. Vestalis amoena group: caudal gills; left lateral above, median below (redrawn from Lieftinck 1965). 51. Vestalis melania: caudal gills; left lateral above, median below (redrawn from Guadalquiver et al. 2022)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618337/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">48</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="83E12A3EE025D742FDCEEF62FD8AFC81" box="[544,576,834,861]" captionStart="FIGURES 52–56. 52" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1941,1965]" captionTargetBox="[191,1388,163,1929]" captionTargetId="figure-21@10.[190,1397,151,1933]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 52–56. 52. Caliphaea angka, habitus (based on Yang et al. 2021). 53. Vestalis gracilis, habitus (redrawn from Rattanachan et al. 2022). 54. Neurobasis chinensis, habitus (original drawing). 55. Matrona basilaris, habitus (drawn from Wang et al. 2017). 56. Echo uniformis, habitus (redrawn from Lieftinck 1965)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618339" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618339/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">55</figureCitation>
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). All species are evidently very similar and direct comparisons of specimens are needed to determine any interspecific differences, preferably paired with confirmatory molecular determination. The revision by Yu
|
||
<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E025D742FE9AEFABFE6FFC79" box="[372,421,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2015) also erected a second subgenus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E025D742FC9FEFABFC18FC78" authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1853" box="[881,978,907,932]" class="Insecta" family="Calopterygidae" genus="Matrona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E025D742FC9FEFABFC18FC78" box="[881,978,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">Matrona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E025D742FC0DEFABFB88FC78" authorityName="Yu, Xue & Hämäläinen" authorityYear="2015" box="[995,1090,907,932]" class="Insecta" family="Calopterygidae" genus="Divortia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E025D742FC0DEFABFB88FC78" box="[995,1090,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">Divortia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but so far no confirmed larvae belonging to this taxon have been documented; but workers should be alert to the possibility that they may display clear differences from subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E025D742FDECEFF3FD15FC31" box="[514,735,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Calopterygidae" genus="Matrona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Matrona">
|
||
<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E025D742FDECEFF3FDA9FC30" box="[514,611,979,1004]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">Matrona</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E025D742FD9DEFF3FD1EFC30" box="[627,724,979,1004]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">Matrona</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The habits and ecology of the species are variously described: for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E025D742FF2CEFD7FEA3FBCC" authorityName="Hamalainen & Yeh" authorityYear="2000" box="[194,361,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Calopterygidae" genus="Matrona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyanoptera">
|
||
<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E025D742FF2CEFD7FEA3FBCC" box="[194,361,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">M. cyanoptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, “Distributed in the plains and low hills throughout
|
||
<collectingCountry id="63CD762BE025D742FC3EEFD7FBECFBCD" box="[976,1062,1015,1041]" name="Taiwan" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
; the larva living in [the] middle section of streams resting on tree roots branches and stems in unshaded slow streams”, (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7F4B4B4AE025D742FB9EE83BFAADFBE9" author="Matsuki, K. & Lien, J. C." box="[1136,1383,1051,1077]" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" pagination="15 - 26" refId="ref24810" refString="Matsuki, K. & Lien, J. C. (1978) Descriptions of the larvae of three families of Zygoptera breeding in the streams of Taiwan (Synlestidae, Euphaeidae & Calopterygidae). Tombo - Acta Odonatologica Japonica, 21, 15 - 26." type="journal article" year="1978">Matsuki & Lien 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E025D742FF79E81FFED5FB85" authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1853" box="[151,287,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Calopterygidae" genus="Matrona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="basilaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E025D742FF79E81FFED5FB85" box="[151,287,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">M. basilaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, “...found both in small montane streams with sandy substrates and open rivers with stony substrates). Some [larva] even occurred in very small puddles covered with dense vegetation formed by discontinuous streams. They were usually concealed among stones and gravel, or in water plants, depending on their body colour. The habitat usually had many adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E025D742FDC9E88BFCDDFB19" authority="Oguma" authorityName="Oguma" authorityYear="1913" box="[551,791,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Calopterygidae" genus="Mnais" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuis">
|
||
<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E025D742FDC9E88BFD72FB18" box="[551,696,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">Mnais tenuis</emphasis>
|
||
Oguma
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7F4B4B4AE025D742FCD8E88BFC35FB19" author="Wang, R. & Yu, X. & Xue, J. & Ning, X." box="[822,1023,1195,1221]" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" pagination="580 - 592" refId="ref27434" refString="Wang, R., Yu, X., Xue, J. & Ning, X. (2017) Descriptions of larvae of Vestalaria venusta (Hamalainen, 2004) and Matrona basilaris Selys, 1853 (Odonata: Calopterygidae). Zootaxa, 4306 (4), 580 - 592. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4306.4.8" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Wang
|
||
<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E025D742FC6FE88BFC79FB19" box="[897,947,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); and for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E025D742FB83E88BFAD8FB18" authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1879" box="[1133,1298,1195,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Calopterygidae" genus="Matrona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigripectus">
|
||
<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E025D742FB83E88BFAD8FB18" box="[1133,1298,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">M. nigripectus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, “Generally concealed amongst debris, dead twigs etc or lying under cover of rocks. Movements sluggish, ...resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E025D742FAAEE8EFFA56FB34" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1790" box="[1344,1436,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Nepidae" genus="Ranatra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E025D742FAAEE8EFFA56FB34" box="[1344,1436,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">Ranatra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
...” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7F4B4B4AE025D742FF29E8D3FEAAFAD1" author="Fraser, F. C." box="[199,352,1267,1293]" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" pagination="459 - 467" refId="ref22809" refString="Fraser, F. C. (1919 b) Descriptions of new Indian Odonate larvae and exuviae. Records of the Indian Museum, 16, 459 - 467, pls. 32 - 37 excl. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 25934" type="journal article" year="1919">Fraser 1919b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |