285 lines
51 KiB
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285 lines
51 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="BDF724DEF83F6DBE496A862B61931037">A review of present knowledge of larvae of the Calopterygoidea (Zygoptera) of the Oriental realm, including keys to families and known genera</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6EBF03BAE12E7EEA66BF6A44EC2B5966">Orr, Albert G. W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="FD2C6E989EE634205B7A0A148C01926F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="55FC44AAA1ACB24F54AAB54997E0DBCB">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2DCA391204CA72C518600EA785E31DC2">2024-08-23</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="4D99DCAD2E1FF3C8474D8904E25F7DEA">5497</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="5FB7739C30459E1321059D5D267CF77D" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="53C06530E022D745FF79EFF2FE41FC30" box="[151,395,978,1004]" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="1B6536BBE022D745FF79EFF2FE41FC30" blockId="23.[151,395,978,1004]" box="[151,395,978,1004]" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">
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<heading id="402D81D7E022D745FF79EFF2FE41FC30" bold="true" box="[151,395,978,1004]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E022D745FF79EFF2FE41FC30" bold="true" box="[151,395,978,1004]" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">
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Family
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<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E022D745FF19EFF2FE41FC30" ID-CoL="9Y5" baseAuthorityName="Jacobson & Bianchi" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[247,395,978,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Euphaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Euphaeidae</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="53C06530E022D745FF79E83BFC94F849" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="1B6536BBE022D745FF79E83BFEBFFB19" blockId="23.[151,1437,1051,1941]" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">
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The larvae of 6 of the 8 genera and approximately one third of the total of 79 species are known but not necessarily individually described. The family is exclusively Oriental with the exception of the monotypic genus
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<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E022D745FADEE81FFA56FB85" box="[1328,1436,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">
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<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E022D745FADEE81FFA52FB85" authorityName="Charpentier" authorityYear="1840" box="[1328,1432,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Euphaeidae" genus="Epallage" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epallage</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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ranges from south-east Europe to Kashmir, politically within Indian borders, but placed by
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<bibRefCitation id="7F4B4B4AE022D745FB7AE843FA9CFBA1" author="Holt, B. G. & Lessard, J. - P. & Borregaard, M. K. & Fritz, S. A. & Araujo, M. B. & Dimitrov, D. & Fabre, P. - H. & Graham, C. H. & Graves, G. R. & Jonsson, K. A. & Nogues-Bravo, D. & Wang, Z. & Whittaker, R. J. & Fjeldsa, J. & Rahbek, C." box="[1172,1366,1123,1149]" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" pagination="74 - 78" refId="ref23468" refString="Holt, B. G., Lessard, J. - P., Borregaard, M. K., Fritz, S. A., Araujo, M. B., Dimitrov, D., Fabre, P. - H., Graham, C. H., Graves, G. R., Jonsson, K. A., Nogues-Bravo, D., Wang, Z., Whittaker, R. J., Fjeldsa, J. & Rahbek, C. (2013) An update of Wallace's zoogeographic regions of the world. Science, 339, 74 - 78. https: // doi. org / 10.1126 / science. 1228282" type="journal article" year="2013">
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Holt
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<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E022D745FB23E843FB34FBA1" box="[1229,1278,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">et al</emphasis>
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. (2013)
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</bibRefCitation>
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in the Saharo-Arabian realm. Within the Oriental region the family is conspicuously absent from
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<collectingRegion id="D91EF859E022D745FB7EE8A7FB3FFB7D" box="[1168,1269,1159,1185]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
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and Wetar and Timor in
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<collectingCountry id="63CD762BE022D745FEEEE88BFEBBFB19" box="[256,369,1195,1221]" name="Indonesia" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1B6536BBE022D745FF29E8EFFDE9F8AD" blockId="23.[151,1437,1051,1941]" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">
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Euphaeid larvae are unmistakable by virtue of the series of long paired fleshy gills on the venter of abdominal S2–8 (
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<figureCitation id="83E12A3EE022D745FF0EE8D3FEEBFAD1" box="[224,289,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7. 1" captionStartId="3.[151,275,1843,1869]" captionTargetBox="[252,1341,160,1825]" captionTargetId="figure-15@3.[243,1344,149,1836]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. 1. Ventral view of abdomen of Euphaea sp. showing abdominal gills and saccoid gills (original drawing). 2. Head and antennae of Calopterygidae (Neurobasis chinensis) (original drawing). 3. Head and antennae of Chlorocyphidae (Heliocypha biseriata) (original drawing). 4. Antenna of Podolestes orientalis Selys, 1852, scape arrowed (from Choong & Orr 2010). 5. Mask of Calopterygidae (Calopteryx japonica Selys redrawn from Miyakawa 1983). 6. Mask of Chlorocyphidae (Libellago hyalina, from Orr et al. 2024). 7. Habitus of L. hyalina, with detail of right caudal spike (from Orr et al. 2024)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618321/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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). These are present even on very young larvae and begin to develop early in embryogenesis (
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<bibRefCitation id="7F4B4B4AE022D745FADCE8D3FF3CFAED" author="Suzuki, K. & Watanabe, Y. & Tojo, K." pageId="23" pageNumber="232" pagination="280 - 293" refId="ref26853" refString="Suzuki, K., Watanabe, Y. & Tojo, K. (2020) Embryogenesis of the damselfly Euphaea yayeyamana Oguma (Insecta: Odonata: Euphaeidae), with special reference to the formation of their larval abdominal " gill-like " appendages. Entomological Science, 23, 280 - 293. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / ens. 12421" type="journal article" year="2020">
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Suzuki
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<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E022D745FA66E8D3FF67FAED" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">et al</emphasis>
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. 2020
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="7F4B4B4AE022D745FEEFE937FEBFFAED" author="Ng, C. Y." box="[257,373,1303,1329]" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" refId="ref25282" refString="Ng, C. Y. (2024 d) Freshwater Macroinvertebrates in Hong Kong: Odonata: Euphaea decorata. Available from: https: // www. biosch. hku. hk / ecology / staffhp / dd / macroinvertebrates / Odonata / Euphaeidae / Euphaea _ decorata. html (accessed 20 March 2024)" type="url" year="2024">Ng 2024d</bibRefCitation>
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). The habitus (examples
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<figureCitation id="83E12A3EE022D745FD62E937FCC1FAED" box="[652,779,1302,1329]" captionStart="FIGURES 57–60. 57" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[193,1384,155,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-15@11.[188,1400,151,1917]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 57–60. 57. Dysphaea gloriosa, habitus (drawn from Nguyen et al. 2024). 58. Bayadera strigata, habitus (drawn from Yang & Orr 2024). 59. Euphaea decorata, habitus. (drawn from Xu 2017). 60. Anisopleura furcata, habitus (drawn from Keetapithchayakul et al. 2024)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618341/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">Figs 57–60</figureCitation>
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) is overall flattened, reminiscent of Plecoptera, with broad flattened femora adapted to clinging to the underside of stones and large boulders where they are generally to be found in swiftly flowing clear water and rapids. All have saccoid caudal gills (
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<figureCitation id="83E12A3EE022D745FBF7E97FFB57FAA5" box="[1049,1181,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURES 67–74. 67" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1814,1838]" captionTargetBox="[256,1340,160,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-15@13.[246,1342,151,1807]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 67–74. 67. Anisopleura subplatystyla, caudal gills dorsal view (original drawing). 68. Bayadera strigata, caudal gills dorsal view, (drawn from Yang & Orr 2024). 69. Euphaea decorata, caudal gills dorsal view (drawn from Xu 2017). 70. Euphaea superba, caudal gills dorsal view (redrawn from Wu et al. 2017). 71. Bayadera strigata: male genital apophyses; ventral (left), right lateral (right), (drawn from Yang & Orr 2024). 72. Euphaea decorata, male genital apophyses; ventral view (drawn from Xu 2017). 73. Euphaea superba, terminal processes of palpal lobe ventral view (movable hook truncated), (redrawn from Wu et al. 2017). 74. Anisopleura furcata, left labial palp showing terminal processes of palpal lobe, dorsal view (redrawn from Keetapithchayakul et al. 2024)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618345/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">Figs 67–70</figureCitation>
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), the form of which is of some diagnostic value, but these may be lost and/or shrivelled in exuviae. Euphaeid larvae were first described by
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<bibRefCitation id="7F4B4B4AE022D745FF55E987FE9CFA1D" author="Hagen, H." box="[187,342,1447,1473]" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" pagination="lxv - lxvii" refId="ref23289" refString="Hagen, H. (1880) Essai d'un synopsis des larves de Calopterygines. [Comptes-rendus de la Socie´te´Entomologique de Belgique. Seance du 1 er Mai 1880]. Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique, 23, lxv - lxvii." type="journal article" year="1880">Hagen (1880)</bibRefCitation>
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with reference to
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<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E022D745FDCBE987FC85FA1D" authority="Hagen" authorityName="Hagen" box="[549,847,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Euphaeidae" genus="Euphaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendens">
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<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E022D745FDCBE987FD34FA1D" box="[549,766,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">Euphaea splendens</emphasis>
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Hagen
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="63CD762BE022D745FC7BE987FBC9FA1D" box="[917,1027,1447,1473]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
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and tentatively?
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<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E022D745FB28E987FF2AFA39" authority="Hagen" authorityName="Hagen" authorityYear="1880" class="Insecta" family="Euphaeidae" genus="Anisopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comes">
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<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E022D745FB28E987FA56FA1C" box="[1222,1436,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">Anisopleura comes</emphasis>
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Hagen
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</taxonomicName>
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and?
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<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E022D745FEC9E9EBFD8AFA39" authority="Rambur" authorityName="Rambur" authorityYear="1842" box="[295,576,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Euphaeidae" genus="Euphaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dispar">
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||
<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E022D745FEC9E9EBFE11FA39" box="[295,475,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">Euphaea dispar</emphasis>
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Rambur
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</taxonomicName>
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, however he incorrectly stated that the abdominal gills were born on S1–8. This was corrected by J.W Folsom, published in
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<bibRefCitation id="7F4B4B4AE022D745FD2EE9CFFCA5F9D5" author="Packard, A. S." box="[704,879,1519,1545]" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" refId="ref26228" refString="Packard, A. S. (1898) A textbook of entomology, including the anatomy, physiology, embryology and metamorphoses of insects. Macmillan, London, xvii + 729 pp. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 16837 # page / 493 / mode / 1 up]" type="book" year="1898">Packard (1898)</bibRefCitation>
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||
, who also noted the tracheation of the abdominal gills and depicted a convincing habitus and detail of a single gill of
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||
<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E022D745FC42EA33FBF1F9F1" box="[940,1083,1555,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Euphaeidae" genus="Euphaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendens">
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||
<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E022D745FC42EA33FBF1F9F1" box="[940,1083,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">E. splendens</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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. A respiratory function for the abdominal gills was deduced by
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<bibRefCitation id="7F4B4B4AE022D745FDFFEA17FD7AF98D" author="Hagen, H." box="[529,688,1591,1617]" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" pagination="lxv - lxvii" refId="ref23289" refString="Hagen, H. (1880) Essai d'un synopsis des larves de Calopterygines. [Comptes-rendus de la Socie´te´Entomologique de Belgique. Seance du 1 er Mai 1880]. Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique, 23, lxv - lxvii." type="journal article" year="1880">Hagen (1880)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="7F4B4B4AE022D745FD51EA17FCA7F98D" author="Packard, A. S." box="[703,877,1591,1617]" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" refId="ref26228" refString="Packard, A. S. (1898) A textbook of entomology, including the anatomy, physiology, embryology and metamorphoses of insects. Macmillan, London, xvii + 729 pp. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 16837 # page / 493 / mode / 1 up]" type="book" year="1898">Packard (1898)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
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||
<bibRefCitation id="7F4B4B4AE022D745FC49EA17FB9DF98D" author="Tillyard, R. J." box="[935,1111,1591,1617]" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" refId="ref27017" refString="Tillyard, R. J. (1917) The biology of dragonflies (Odonata or Paraneuroptera). University Press, Cambridge, xii + 396 pp., pls. 1 - 4 and 2 folded attachments excl. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 27401" type="book" year="1917">Tillyard (1917)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, which was later queried by several authors following
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7F4B4B4AE022D745FE59EA7BFDABF9A9" author="Fraser, F. C." box="[439,609,1627,1653]" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" refId="ref23008" refString="Fraser, F. C. (1933) The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Odonata. Vol. I. Taylor & Francis Ltd., London, xiii + 423 pp., 1 folded map excl." type="book" year="1933">Fraser’s (1933)</bibRefCitation>
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||
assertion that they were grasping organs, before the respiratory hypothesis was settled conclusively by
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<bibRefCitation id="7F4B4B4AE022D745FE23EA5FFDB2F945" author="Norling, U." box="[461,632,1663,1689]" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" pagination="343 - 389" refId="ref25522" refString="Norling, U. (1982) Structure and ontogeny of the lateral abdominal gills and the caudal gills in Euphaeidae (Odonata: Zygoptera) larvae. Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Anatomie und Ontogenie der Tiere, 107, 343 - 389." type="journal article" year="1982">Norling (1982)</bibRefCitation>
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||
. Intrageneric variation, inadequate species sampling and poor artwork in some available descriptions sometimes makes a universal distinction between
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||
<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E022D745FBEEEA83FB43F961" authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1853" box="[1024,1161,1699,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Euphaeidae" genus="Anisopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E022D745FBEEEA83FB43F961" box="[1024,1161,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">Anisopleura</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E022D745FB78EA83FAC9F961" authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1853" box="[1174,1283,1699,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Euphaeidae" genus="Bayadera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E022D745FB78EA83FAC9F961" box="[1174,1283,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">Bayadera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E022D745FAD7EA83FA57F961" authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1840" box="[1337,1437,1699,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Euphaeidae" genus="Euphaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E022D745FAD7EA83FA57F961" box="[1337,1437,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">Euphaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tentative, although certain species within these genera are distinctive. Important diagnostic characters include the shape of the postocular lobes of the head, relative length of antennae, distribution of tubercles and claviform setae on the head, development of male genital apophyses, armature of outer mandibles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="83E12A3EE022D745FBECEB2FFB95F8F5" box="[1026,1119,1807,1833]" captionStart="FIGURES 61–66. 61" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[273,1314,156,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-21@12.[268,1319,151,1834]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 61–66. 61. Dysphaea gloriosa: detail of spines on genae and postocular lobe; underside (left), upperside (right) (modified from Nguyen et al. 2024). 62. Heterophaea barbata: dorsal view of head, showing (a) outer mandibular spines (b) genal spines partially visible and (c) right antenna (from Orr & Hämäläinen 2024). 63. Anisopleura subplatystyla, dorsal view of head (original drawing). 64. Bayadera strigata, dorsal view of head (drawn from Yang & Orr 2024). 65. Euphaea decorata, dorsal view of head. (drawn from Xu 2017). 66. Bayadera strigata, left labial palp with detail showing wavy outer margin of outer process of palpal lobe (arrowed), (drawn from Yang & Orr 2024)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618343" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618343/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">Fig. 62a</figureCitation>
|
||
), subocular spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="83E12A3EE022D745FAD9EB2FFA5EF8F5" box="[1335,1428,1807,1833]" captionStart="FIGURES 61–66. 61" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[273,1314,156,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-21@12.[268,1319,151,1834]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 61–66. 61. Dysphaea gloriosa: detail of spines on genae and postocular lobe; underside (left), upperside (right) (modified from Nguyen et al. 2024). 62. Heterophaea barbata: dorsal view of head, showing (a) outer mandibular spines (b) genal spines partially visible and (c) right antenna (from Orr & Hämäläinen 2024). 63. Anisopleura subplatystyla, dorsal view of head (original drawing). 64. Bayadera strigata, dorsal view of head (drawn from Yang & Orr 2024). 65. Euphaea decorata, dorsal view of head. (drawn from Xu 2017). 66. Bayadera strigata, left labial palp with detail showing wavy outer margin of outer process of palpal lobe (arrowed), (drawn from Yang & Orr 2024)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618343" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618343/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">Fig. 62b</figureCitation>
|
||
) and presence of supracoxal and coxal spurs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7F4B4B4AE022D745FD6BEB13FC12F891" author="Keetapithchayakul, T. S. & Sripanya, J. & Phlai-Ngam, S. & Tungpairojwong, N." box="[645,984,1843,1869]" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" pagination="98 - 110" refId="ref24014" refString="Keetapithchayakul, T. S., Sripanya, J., Phlai-Ngam, S. & Tungpairojwong, N. (2020) Description of the final stadium larva of Bayadera serrata Davies & Yang, 1996 (Odonata: Euphaeidae) from Thailand. Zootaxa, 4894 (1), 98 - 110. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4894.1.5" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Keetapithchayakul
|
||
<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E022D745FC8EEB13FC5DF891" box="[864,919,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7F4B4B4AE022D745FC0FEB13FB6CF891" author="Yang, G. - H. & Orr, A. G." box="[993,1190,1843,1869]" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" pagination="11 - 18" refId="ref27987" refString="Yang, G. - H. & Orr, A. G. (2024) Descriptions of larvae of Bayadera strigata Davies & Yang, 1996 (Odonata: Euphaeidae). International Journal of Odonatology, 27, 11 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.48156 / 1388.2024.1917250" type="journal article" year="2024">Yang & Orr 2024</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7F4B4B4AE022D745FB5EEB13FF3CF8AD" author="Keetapithchayakul, T. S. & Orr, A. G. & Wongkamhaeng, K." pageId="23" pageNumber="232" pagination="529 - 542" refId="ref24083" refString="Keetapithchayakul, T. S., Orr, A. G. & Wongkamhaeng, K. (2024) Description of the final stadium larva of Anisopleura furcata Selys, 1891 (Odonata: Euphaeidae) from Thailand. Zootaxa, 5415 (4), 529 - 542. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5415.4.2" type="journal article" year="2024">
|
||
Keetapithchayakul
|
||
<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E022D745FA66EB13FF67F8AD" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2024
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7F4B4B4AE022D745FEEFEB77FDDDF8AD" author="Orr, A. G. & Hamalainen, M." box="[257,535,1879,1905]" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" pagination="169 - 182" refId="ref26097" refString="Orr, A. G. & Hamalainen, M. (2024) The larva of the endangered Heterophaea barbata (Martin, 1902), from Luzon Island, the Philippines (Odonata: Euphaeidae). Odonatologica, 53, 169 - 182. https: // doi. org / 10.60024 / odon. v 53 i 1 - 2. a 9" type="journal article" year="2024">Orr & Hämäläinen 2024</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1B6536BBE022D745FF29EB5BFC94F849" blockId="23.[151,1437,1051,1941]" box="[199,862,1915,1941]" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">
|
||
Larva unknown:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E022D745FE68EB5BFDC6F849" authorityName="Ris" authorityYear="1930" box="[390,524,1915,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Euphaeidae" genus="Cyclophaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E022D745FE68EB5BFDC6F849" box="[390,524,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">Cyclophaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="0DDCFD32E022D745FDF0EB5BFD99F849" box="[542,595,1915,1941]" count="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" type="generic">1 sp.</specimenCount>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E022D745FD87EB5BFCC5F849" authorityName="Asahina" authorityYear="1978" box="[617,783,1915,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Euphaeidae" genus="Schmidtiphaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E022D745FD87EB5BFCC5F849" box="[617,783,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">Schmidtiphaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="0DDCFD32E022D745FCCFEB5BFC9FF849" box="[801,853,1915,1941]" count="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" type="generic">1 sp.</specimenCount>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="53C06530E02ED749FF79ECB7FE8CFF6D" box="[151,326,151,177]" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="1B6536BBE02ED749FF79ECB7FE8CFF6D" blockId="27.[151,326,151,177]" box="[151,326,151,177]" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">
|
||
<heading id="402D81D7E02ED749FF79ECB7FE8CFF6D" bold="true" box="[151,326,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E02ED749FF79ECB7FE8CFF6D" bold="true" box="[151,326,151,177]" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Key to genera</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="53C06530E02ED749FF79ECFCFA56FCAB" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" type="key">
|
||
<key id="6F4B618AE02ED749FF79ECFCFA56FCAB" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">
|
||
<keyStep id="A02E2E1EE02ED749FF79ECFCFA56FE95" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">
|
||
<paragraph id="1B6536BBE02ED749FF79ECFCFA57FEF1" blockId="27.[151,1437,220,887]" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">
|
||
<keyLead id="A02B958EE02ED749FF79ECFCFA57FEF1" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">
|
||
1 Head massive, nearly twice width of pronotum; genae swollen and projecting well beyond eyes in dorsal view bearing numerous short heavy spines; strong spines present on bulbous postocular lobe (
|
||
<figureCitation id="83E12A3EE02ED749FC91ECD9FC00FED3" box="[895,970,249,271]" captionStart="FIGURES 57–60. 57" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[193,1384,155,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-15@11.[188,1400,151,1917]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 57–60. 57. Dysphaea gloriosa, habitus (drawn from Nguyen et al. 2024). 58. Bayadera strigata, habitus (drawn from Yang & Orr 2024). 59. Euphaea decorata, habitus. (drawn from Xu 2017). 60. Anisopleura furcata, habitus (drawn from Keetapithchayakul et al. 2024)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618341/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Figs 57</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="83E12A3EE02ED749FC3AECD9FC27FED3" box="[980,1005,249,271]" captionStart="FIGURES 61–66. 61" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[273,1314,156,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-21@12.[268,1319,151,1834]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 61–66. 61. Dysphaea gloriosa: detail of spines on genae and postocular lobe; underside (left), upperside (right) (modified from Nguyen et al. 2024). 62. Heterophaea barbata: dorsal view of head, showing (a) outer mandibular spines (b) genal spines partially visible and (c) right antenna (from Orr & Hämäläinen 2024). 63. Anisopleura subplatystyla, dorsal view of head (original drawing). 64. Bayadera strigata, dorsal view of head (drawn from Yang & Orr 2024). 65. Euphaea decorata, dorsal view of head. (drawn from Xu 2017). 66. Bayadera strigata, left labial palp with detail showing wavy outer margin of outer process of palpal lobe (arrowed), (drawn from Yang & Orr 2024)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618343" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618343/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">61</figureCitation>
|
||
)..........................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E02ED749FAD5ECD9FA56FED3" authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1853" box="[1339,1436,249,271]" class="Insecta" family="Euphaeidae" genus="Dysphaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E02ED749FAD5ECD9FA56FED3" bold="true" box="[1339,1436,249,271]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Dysphaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[widespread west of Wallace’s line]
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1B6536BBE02ED749FF79ED14FA56FE95" blockId="27.[151,1437,220,887]" box="[151,1436,308,330]" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">
|
||
<keyLead id="A02B958EE02ED749FF79ED14FA56FE95" box="[151,1436,308,330]" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">1’ Head narrower in relation to pronotum, genae not swollen, no strong spines on postocular lobe which is not bulbous....... 2</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="A02E2E1EE02ED749FF79ED72FA56FE25" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">
|
||
<paragraph id="1B6536BBE02ED749FF79ED72FA56FE63" blockId="27.[151,1437,220,887]" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">
|
||
<keyLead id="A02B958EE02ED749FF79ED72FA56FE63" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">
|
||
2 (1’) Genae with 6–7 long subocular spines (greater than one third width of eye viewed ventrally); antennae with 12–15 antennomeres including pedicel and scape; outer face of mandibles with 2 or 3 rows of strong spines [4 ventral, 5 dorsal, 0–4 central] (
|
||
<figureCitation id="83E12A3EE02ED749FA9BED4FFF37FE7E" captionStart="FIGURES 61–66. 61" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[273,1314,156,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-21@12.[268,1319,151,1834]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 61–66. 61. Dysphaea gloriosa: detail of spines on genae and postocular lobe; underside (left), upperside (right) (modified from Nguyen et al. 2024). 62. Heterophaea barbata: dorsal view of head, showing (a) outer mandibular spines (b) genal spines partially visible and (c) right antenna (from Orr & Hämäläinen 2024). 63. Anisopleura subplatystyla, dorsal view of head (original drawing). 64. Bayadera strigata, dorsal view of head (drawn from Yang & Orr 2024). 65. Euphaea decorata, dorsal view of head. (drawn from Xu 2017). 66. Bayadera strigata, left labial palp with detail showing wavy outer margin of outer process of palpal lobe (arrowed), (drawn from Yang & Orr 2024)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618343" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618343/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Fig. 62</figureCitation>
|
||
).......................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E02ED749FAF2EDACFA56FE7E" authorityName="Cowley" authorityYear="1934" box="[1308,1436,396,418]" class="Insecta" family="Euphaeidae" genus="Heterophaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E02ED749FAF2EDACFA56FE7E" bold="true" box="[1308,1436,396,418]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Heterophaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[endemic to north-eastern Luzon,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="63CD762BE02ED749FAC6ED89FA5DFE63" box="[1320,1431,425,447]" name="Philippines" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
]
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1B6536BBE02ED749FF79EDE7FA56FE25" blockId="27.[151,1437,220,887]" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">
|
||
<keyLead id="A02B958EE02ED749FF79EDE7FA56FE25" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">2’ Genae with 5 or fewer long subocular spines; antennae with 7, rarely 8 antennomeres; outer margin of mandible with only one row of spines, or just one or two long spines............................................................... 3</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="A02E2E1EE02ED749FF79EE22FA56FD75" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">
|
||
<paragraph id="1B6536BBE02ED749FF79EE22FA56FD8E" blockId="27.[151,1437,220,887]" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">
|
||
<keyLead id="A02B958EE02ED749FF79EE22FA56FD8E" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">
|
||
3 (2’) Antennae distinctly shorter than head from occipital margin to base of labrum; postocular lobes shallow, weakly rounded (
|
||
<figureCitation id="83E12A3EE02ED749FA9BEE21FF37FDE9" captionStart="FIGURES 61–66. 61" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[273,1314,156,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-21@12.[268,1319,151,1834]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 61–66. 61. Dysphaea gloriosa: detail of spines on genae and postocular lobe; underside (left), upperside (right) (modified from Nguyen et al. 2024). 62. Heterophaea barbata: dorsal view of head, showing (a) outer mandibular spines (b) genal spines partially visible and (c) right antenna (from Orr & Hämäläinen 2024). 63. Anisopleura subplatystyla, dorsal view of head (original drawing). 64. Bayadera strigata, dorsal view of head (drawn from Yang & Orr 2024). 65. Euphaea decorata, dorsal view of head. (drawn from Xu 2017). 66. Bayadera strigata, left labial palp with detail showing wavy outer margin of outer process of palpal lobe (arrowed), (drawn from Yang & Orr 2024)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618343" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618343/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Fig. 63</figureCitation>
|
||
); labrum, frons and vertex with smattering of variably developed tubercles, low or raised and finger-like; caudal gills tapered to long, fine filament (
|
||
<figureCitation id="83E12A3EE02ED749FE54EE1CFDCAFD8E" box="[442,512,572,594]" captionStart="FIGURES 67–74. 67" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1814,1838]" captionTargetBox="[256,1340,160,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-15@13.[246,1342,151,1807]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 67–74. 67. Anisopleura subplatystyla, caudal gills dorsal view (original drawing). 68. Bayadera strigata, caudal gills dorsal view, (drawn from Yang & Orr 2024). 69. Euphaea decorata, caudal gills dorsal view (drawn from Xu 2017). 70. Euphaea superba, caudal gills dorsal view (redrawn from Wu et al. 2017). 71. Bayadera strigata: male genital apophyses; ventral (left), right lateral (right), (drawn from Yang & Orr 2024). 72. Euphaea decorata, male genital apophyses; ventral view (drawn from Xu 2017). 73. Euphaea superba, terminal processes of palpal lobe ventral view (movable hook truncated), (redrawn from Wu et al. 2017). 74. Anisopleura furcata, left labial palp showing terminal processes of palpal lobe, dorsal view (redrawn from Keetapithchayakul et al. 2024)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618345/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Fig. 67</figureCitation>
|
||
).................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E02ED749FACDEE1CFA56FD8E" authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1853" box="[1315,1436,572,594]" class="Insecta" family="Euphaeidae" genus="Anisopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E02ED749FACDEE1CFA56FD8E" bold="true" box="[1315,1436,572,594]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Anisopleura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1B6536BBE02ED749FF79EE7AFA56FD75" blockId="27.[151,1437,220,887]" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">
|
||
<keyLead id="A02B958EE02ED749FF79EE7AFA56FD75" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">
|
||
3’ Antennae at least as long as or longer than head from occipital margin to base of labrum postocular lobes deep and strongly rounded at corners, sometimes appearing square by virtue of tuft of setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="83E12A3EE02ED749FC73EE57FBC0FD51" box="[925,1034,631,653]" captionStart="FIGURES 61–66. 61" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[273,1314,156,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-21@12.[268,1319,151,1834]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 61–66. 61. Dysphaea gloriosa: detail of spines on genae and postocular lobe; underside (left), upperside (right) (modified from Nguyen et al. 2024). 62. Heterophaea barbata: dorsal view of head, showing (a) outer mandibular spines (b) genal spines partially visible and (c) right antenna (from Orr & Hämäläinen 2024). 63. Anisopleura subplatystyla, dorsal view of head (original drawing). 64. Bayadera strigata, dorsal view of head (drawn from Yang & Orr 2024). 65. Euphaea decorata, dorsal view of head. (drawn from Xu 2017). 66. Bayadera strigata, left labial palp with detail showing wavy outer margin of outer process of palpal lobe (arrowed), (drawn from Yang & Orr 2024)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618343" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618343/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Figs 64, 65</figureCitation>
|
||
); tubercles on head lacking or very sparse; caudal gills terminating in long filament or a short blunt cone, sometimes constricted basally......................... 4
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="A02E2E1EE02ED749FF79EE92FA56FCAB" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">
|
||
<paragraph id="1B6536BBE02ED749FF79EE92FA57FCDE" blockId="27.[151,1437,220,887]" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">
|
||
<keyLead id="A02B958EE02ED749FF79EE92FA57FCDE" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">
|
||
4 (3’) Caudal gills terminating in a short blunt cone (
|
||
<figureCitation id="83E12A3EE02ED749FD57EE91FCCDFD1B" box="[697,775,689,711]" captionStart="FIGURES 57–60. 57" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[193,1384,155,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-15@11.[188,1400,151,1917]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 57–60. 57. Dysphaea gloriosa, habitus (drawn from Nguyen et al. 2024). 58. Bayadera strigata, habitus (drawn from Yang & Orr 2024). 59. Euphaea decorata, habitus. (drawn from Xu 2017). 60. Anisopleura furcata, habitus (drawn from Keetapithchayakul et al. 2024)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618341/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Figs 58</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="83E12A3EE02ED749FCFAEE91FCE7FD1B" box="[788,813,689,711]" captionStart="FIGURES 67–74. 67" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1814,1838]" captionTargetBox="[256,1340,160,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-15@13.[246,1342,151,1807]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 67–74. 67. Anisopleura subplatystyla, caudal gills dorsal view (original drawing). 68. Bayadera strigata, caudal gills dorsal view, (drawn from Yang & Orr 2024). 69. Euphaea decorata, caudal gills dorsal view (drawn from Xu 2017). 70. Euphaea superba, caudal gills dorsal view (redrawn from Wu et al. 2017). 71. Bayadera strigata: male genital apophyses; ventral (left), right lateral (right), (drawn from Yang & Orr 2024). 72. Euphaea decorata, male genital apophyses; ventral view (drawn from Xu 2017). 73. Euphaea superba, terminal processes of palpal lobe ventral view (movable hook truncated), (redrawn from Wu et al. 2017). 74. Anisopleura furcata, left labial palp showing terminal processes of palpal lobe, dorsal view (redrawn from Keetapithchayakul et al. 2024)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618345/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">68</figureCitation>
|
||
) occasionally basally constricted; antennae clearly longer than head from occipital margin to base of labrum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="83E12A3EE02ED749FD5AEEEFFD35FD39" box="[692,767,719,741]" captionStart="FIGURES 61–66. 61" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[273,1314,156,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-21@12.[268,1319,151,1834]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 61–66. 61. Dysphaea gloriosa: detail of spines on genae and postocular lobe; underside (left), upperside (right) (modified from Nguyen et al. 2024). 62. Heterophaea barbata: dorsal view of head, showing (a) outer mandibular spines (b) genal spines partially visible and (c) right antenna (from Orr & Hämäläinen 2024). 63. Anisopleura subplatystyla, dorsal view of head (original drawing). 64. Bayadera strigata, dorsal view of head (drawn from Yang & Orr 2024). 65. Euphaea decorata, dorsal view of head. (drawn from Xu 2017). 66. Bayadera strigata, left labial palp with detail showing wavy outer margin of outer process of palpal lobe (arrowed), (drawn from Yang & Orr 2024)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618343" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618343/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Fig. 64</figureCitation>
|
||
); outer margin of outer process of labial palp wavy (
|
||
<figureCitation id="83E12A3EE02ED749FAE1EEEFFA93FD39" box="[1295,1369,719,741]" captionStart="FIGURES 61–66. 61" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[273,1314,156,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-21@12.[268,1319,151,1834]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 61–66. 61. Dysphaea gloriosa: detail of spines on genae and postocular lobe; underside (left), upperside (right) (modified from Nguyen et al. 2024). 62. Heterophaea barbata: dorsal view of head, showing (a) outer mandibular spines (b) genal spines partially visible and (c) right antenna (from Orr & Hämäläinen 2024). 63. Anisopleura subplatystyla, dorsal view of head (original drawing). 64. Bayadera strigata, dorsal view of head (drawn from Yang & Orr 2024). 65. Euphaea decorata, dorsal view of head. (drawn from Xu 2017). 66. Bayadera strigata, left labial palp with detail showing wavy outer margin of outer process of palpal lobe (arrowed), (drawn from Yang & Orr 2024)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618343" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618343/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Fig. 66</figureCitation>
|
||
); male gonapophyses down-curved and sausage shaped, overlapping S10 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="83E12A3EE02ED749FC86EECCFC67FCDD" box="[872,941,748,770]" captionStart="FIGURES 67–74. 67" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1814,1838]" captionTargetBox="[256,1340,160,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-15@13.[246,1342,151,1807]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 67–74. 67. Anisopleura subplatystyla, caudal gills dorsal view (original drawing). 68. Bayadera strigata, caudal gills dorsal view, (drawn from Yang & Orr 2024). 69. Euphaea decorata, caudal gills dorsal view (drawn from Xu 2017). 70. Euphaea superba, caudal gills dorsal view (redrawn from Wu et al. 2017). 71. Bayadera strigata: male genital apophyses; ventral (left), right lateral (right), (drawn from Yang & Orr 2024). 72. Euphaea decorata, male genital apophyses; ventral view (drawn from Xu 2017). 73. Euphaea superba, terminal processes of palpal lobe ventral view (movable hook truncated), (redrawn from Wu et al. 2017). 74. Anisopleura furcata, left labial palp showing terminal processes of palpal lobe, dorsal view (redrawn from Keetapithchayakul et al. 2024)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618345/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Fig. 71</figureCitation>
|
||
)................................
|
||
<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E02ED749FAD0EECCFA57FCDE" bold="true" box="[1342,1437,748,770]" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">
|
||
<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E02ED749FAD0EECCFA84FCDD" bold="true" box="[1342,1358,748,769]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">B</emphasis>
|
||
a
|
||
<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E02ED749FAB4EECCFA57FCDE" bold="true" box="[1370,1437,748,770]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">yadera</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1B6536BBE02ED749FF79EF2AFA56FCAB" blockId="27.[151,1437,220,887]" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">
|
||
<keyLead id="A02B958EE02ED749FF79EF2AFA56FCAB" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">
|
||
4’ Tip of caudal gills with long filament usually arising abruptly from sac of gill (
|
||
<figureCitation id="83E12A3EE02ED749FC30EF29FBE3FCC3" box="[990,1065,777,799]" captionStart="FIGURES 57–60. 57" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[193,1384,155,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-15@11.[188,1400,151,1917]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 57–60. 57. Dysphaea gloriosa, habitus (drawn from Nguyen et al. 2024). 58. Bayadera strigata, habitus (drawn from Yang & Orr 2024). 59. Euphaea decorata, habitus. (drawn from Xu 2017). 60. Anisopleura furcata, habitus (drawn from Keetapithchayakul et al. 2024)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618341/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Figs 59</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="83E12A3EE02ED749FBDAEF29FB87FCC3" box="[1076,1101,777,799]" captionStart="FIGURES 67–74. 67" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1814,1838]" captionTargetBox="[256,1340,160,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-15@13.[246,1342,151,1807]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 67–74. 67. Anisopleura subplatystyla, caudal gills dorsal view (original drawing). 68. Bayadera strigata, caudal gills dorsal view, (drawn from Yang & Orr 2024). 69. Euphaea decorata, caudal gills dorsal view (drawn from Xu 2017). 70. Euphaea superba, caudal gills dorsal view (redrawn from Wu et al. 2017). 71. Bayadera strigata: male genital apophyses; ventral (left), right lateral (right), (drawn from Yang & Orr 2024). 72. Euphaea decorata, male genital apophyses; ventral view (drawn from Xu 2017). 73. Euphaea superba, terminal processes of palpal lobe ventral view (movable hook truncated), (redrawn from Wu et al. 2017). 74. Anisopleura furcata, left labial palp showing terminal processes of palpal lobe, dorsal view (redrawn from Keetapithchayakul et al. 2024)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618345/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">69</figureCitation>
|
||
) or sac elongate with a short blunt filament (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E02ED749FED1EF07FE6CFCE0" authorityName="Kimmins" authorityYear="1936" box="[319,422,807,828]" class="Insecta" family="Euphaeidae" genus="Euphaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="superba">
|
||
<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E02ED749FED1EF07FE6CFCE0" box="[319,422,807,828]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">E. superba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<figureCitation id="83E12A3EE02ED749FE45EF07FE38FCE0" box="[427,498,807,829]" captionStart="FIGURES 67–74. 67" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1814,1838]" captionTargetBox="[256,1340,160,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-15@13.[246,1342,151,1807]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 67–74. 67. Anisopleura subplatystyla, caudal gills dorsal view (original drawing). 68. Bayadera strigata, caudal gills dorsal view, (drawn from Yang & Orr 2024). 69. Euphaea decorata, caudal gills dorsal view (drawn from Xu 2017). 70. Euphaea superba, caudal gills dorsal view (redrawn from Wu et al. 2017). 71. Bayadera strigata: male genital apophyses; ventral (left), right lateral (right), (drawn from Yang & Orr 2024). 72. Euphaea decorata, male genital apophyses; ventral view (drawn from Xu 2017). 73. Euphaea superba, terminal processes of palpal lobe ventral view (movable hook truncated), (redrawn from Wu et al. 2017). 74. Anisopleura furcata, left labial palp showing terminal processes of palpal lobe, dorsal view (redrawn from Keetapithchayakul et al. 2024)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618345/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Fig. 70</figureCitation>
|
||
); antennae about equal to head from occipital margin to base of labrum or slightly longer (
|
||
<figureCitation id="83E12A3EE02ED749FAA7EF07FA5AFCE1" box="[1353,1424,807,829]" captionStart="FIGURES 61–66. 61" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[273,1314,156,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-21@12.[268,1319,151,1834]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 61–66. 61. Dysphaea gloriosa: detail of spines on genae and postocular lobe; underside (left), upperside (right) (modified from Nguyen et al. 2024). 62. Heterophaea barbata: dorsal view of head, showing (a) outer mandibular spines (b) genal spines partially visible and (c) right antenna (from Orr & Hämäläinen 2024). 63. Anisopleura subplatystyla, dorsal view of head (original drawing). 64. Bayadera strigata, dorsal view of head (drawn from Yang & Orr 2024). 65. Euphaea decorata, dorsal view of head. (drawn from Xu 2017). 66. Bayadera strigata, left labial palp with detail showing wavy outer margin of outer process of palpal lobe (arrowed), (drawn from Yang & Orr 2024)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618343" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618343/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Fig. 65</figureCitation>
|
||
); outer margin of outer process of labial palp smooth; male gonapophyses small and triangular or vestigial, not overlapping S10 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="83E12A3EE02ED749FF07EF41FEE5FCAB" box="[233,303,865,887]" captionStart="FIGURES 67–74. 67" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1814,1838]" captionTargetBox="[256,1340,160,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-15@13.[246,1342,151,1807]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 67–74. 67. Anisopleura subplatystyla, caudal gills dorsal view (original drawing). 68. Bayadera strigata, caudal gills dorsal view, (drawn from Yang & Orr 2024). 69. Euphaea decorata, caudal gills dorsal view (drawn from Xu 2017). 70. Euphaea superba, caudal gills dorsal view (redrawn from Wu et al. 2017). 71. Bayadera strigata: male genital apophyses; ventral (left), right lateral (right), (drawn from Yang & Orr 2024). 72. Euphaea decorata, male genital apophyses; ventral view (drawn from Xu 2017). 73. Euphaea superba, terminal processes of palpal lobe ventral view (movable hook truncated), (redrawn from Wu et al. 2017). 74. Anisopleura furcata, left labial palp showing terminal processes of palpal lobe, dorsal view (redrawn from Keetapithchayakul et al. 2024)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618345/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Fig. 72</figureCitation>
|
||
)......................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E02ED749FAADEF41FA56FCAB" authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1840" box="[1347,1436,865,887]" class="Insecta" family="Euphaeidae" genus="Euphaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E02ED749FAADEF41FA56FCAB" bold="true" box="[1347,1436,865,887]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Euphaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |