214 lines
24 KiB
XML
214 lines
24 KiB
XML
<document id="1B776CE95A04CA5029E0D7330385C3E6" ID-CLB-Dataset="58516" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6512484" ID-GBIF-Dataset="67b52095-db4b-43f8-a661-4aced0511111" ID-ISBN="978-84-96553-77-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6512484" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1651524980884" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2011" docId="03F507139957FFEC034DF2A5FA77F2FD" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_2_Bovidae_0444.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Tragelaphus decula" docType="treatment" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="599" masterDocId="FFCC7F6B994BFFF00316FF82FFEDFF81" masterDocTitle="Bovidae" masterLastPageNumber="779" masterPageNumber="444" pageNumber="599" updateTime="1699330398010" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="3F89C2CAEF020D557C82C162B048E955" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="AD96B96489AE90B97417010E7C065BF7">
|
||
<mods:title id="D3DC42D21782281AFA7305DBA165A6FB">Bovidae</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="53BC03E0ACCA49437E03ED691675DF77" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="105F28C01CF3791533ED134883526D2C">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="F9C389E1C5B889C3EE6200D72077CE79">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="662557DCC402ADD8371D479C0EC9E77E">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="4A1AC684118AA6A4808FE5C2478AA3AF" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="A5D458701A92C00B6A4D51BE16989080">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="0C4C7DA93342DEC7479B2F4E2DBF9EC8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="3F63313FF482A1A65150FD5AC3FE6814">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="7A2E22F2F05A79502E4DC158DFF72C09">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="28F6C3465E33A598C854D24AE1083981" type="host">
|
||
<mods:originInfo id="7CB0398E57893A6EB5026A7C96A49E17">
|
||
<mods:dateIssued id="7DE5E4DCFDD4A9EAD5189486B9FBC636">2011</mods:dateIssued>
|
||
<mods:dateOther id="015889E26AD2D4142E7B5D406A102EF5" type="pubDate">2011-08-31</mods:dateOther>
|
||
<mods:publisher id="26E4B9209C6B48526F83F1B75EB46A44">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
|
||
<mods:place id="D9574A02A5D437A7FC827543E3237D39">
|
||
<mods:placeTerm id="1C4D00B94FB19236E2A2E9524D190F88">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
|
||
</mods:place>
|
||
</mods:originInfo>
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="D34995FBF95FED9E8D7B758A91B5FA6C">
|
||
<mods:title id="139260F0FD9F1D30A708BC4ECD83848E">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="0097D4F8154AD8181BD6ACDA115FFFAD">
|
||
<mods:extent id="A8D1DE1832CE64F1D796716B8A398C22" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="577CE83219930563706AAD3225CD7D75">444</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="558B06508494C7B2A1A03B0E2AE13A9C">779</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="22B340BB07BE777E28A90346D79B7BA4">book chapter</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="C5808993F7E8A201517E4BB2FCFF75DA" type="CLB-Dataset">58516</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="EFBD391E8D79058841C81B21BAB0DEB0" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6512484</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="5AAF3C2026064F0FDC7BE5E8F274ACF1" type="GBIF-Dataset">67b52095-db4b-43f8-a661-4aced0511111</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="ECDE4FCA0186BC23E9B9BED1C7232710" type="ISBN">978-84-96553-77-4</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="F17EC03417DD12740929B4F57F001C90" type="Zenodo-Dep">6512484</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03F507139957FFEC034DF2A5FA77F2FD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6636766" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195659278" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6636766" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F507139957FFEC034DF2A5FA77F2FD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F507139957FFEC034DF2A5FA77F2FD" lastPageNumber="599" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E9957FFEC034DF2A5FF7EF2D4" box="[91,147,3367,3413]" pageId="28" pageNumber="599" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B6059957FFEC034DF2A5FF7EF2D4" blockId="28.[88,1015,3367,3454]" box="[91,147,3367,3413]" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">
|
||
<heading id="D0AB01699957FFEC034DF2A5FF7EF2D4" box="[91,147,3367,3413]" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">
|
||
<figureCitation id="1367AA809957FFEC034DF2A5FF7EF2D4" box="[91,147,3367,3413]" captionStart="Plate 25: Bovidae" captionStartId="20.[91,121,3428,3453]" captionTargetBox="[12,2747,13,2552]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="14. Saola (Pseudoryx nghetinhensis), 16. Chowsingha (Tetracerus quadricornis), 17. Nyala (Nyala angasii)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6512928" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6512928/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">21.</figureCitation>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E9957FFEC03B2F2A5FDB4F2D4" box="[164,601,3367,3413]" pageId="28" pageNumber="599" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B6059957FFEC03B2F2A5FDB4F2D4" blockId="28.[88,1015,3367,3454]" box="[164,601,3367,3413]" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">
|
||
<heading id="D0AB01699957FFEC03B2F2A5FDB4F2D4" box="[164,601,3367,3413]" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">
|
||
<vernacularName id="055FC62B9957FFEC03B2F2A5FDB4F2D4" box="[164,601,3367,3413]" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">
|
||
Lake
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499878E79957FFEC0200F2A5FE90F2D4" box="[278,381,3367,3413]" country="Kenya" name="Tana River" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">Tana</collectingRegion>
|
||
Bushbuck
|
||
</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E9957FFEC0186F2A5FC1AF2D4" box="[656,1015,3367,3413]" pageId="28" pageNumber="599" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B6059957FFEC0186F2A5FC1AF2D4" blockId="28.[88,1015,3367,3454]" box="[656,1015,3367,3413]" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">
|
||
<heading id="D0AB01699957FFEC0186F2A5FC1AF2D4" box="[656,1015,3367,3413]" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869957FFEC0186F2A5FC1AF2D4" baseAuthorityName="Ruppell" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[656,1015,3367,3413]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Tragelaphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="decula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A179957FFEC0186F2A5FC1AF2D4" box="[656,1015,3367,3413]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">Tragelaphus decula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E9957FFEC034CF2E5FC53F2FD" box="[90,958,3431,3452]" pageId="28" pageNumber="599" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B6059957FFEC034CF2E5FC53F2FD" blockId="28.[88,1015,3367,3454]" box="[90,958,3431,3452]" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">
|
||
<heading id="D0AB01699957FFEC034CF2E5FC53F2FD" box="[90,958,3431,3452]" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A179957FFEC034CF2E5FF4AF2FD" bold="true" box="[90,167,3431,3452]" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">French:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="055FC62B9957FFEC03A6F2E5FEC9F2FD" box="[176,292,3431,3452]" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">Guib decula</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A179957FFEC022FF2E5FE79F2FD" bold="true" box="[313,404,3431,3452]" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">German:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="055FC62B9957FFEC028BF2E5FD61F2FD" box="[413,652,3431,3452]" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">Athiopien-Schirrantilope</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A179957FFEC01B6F2E5FD16F2FD" bold="true" box="[672,763,3431,3452]" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">Spanish:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="055FC62B9957FFEC0013F2E5FC8BF2FD" box="[773,870,3431,3452]" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">Bushbuck</vernacularName>
|
||
del
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499878E79957FFEC0084F2E5FC53F2FD" box="[914,958,3431,3452]" country="Kenya" name="Tana River" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">Tana</collectingRegion>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E9957FFEC04A0FE93F610FEB3" box="[1974,2557,273,306]" pageId="28" pageNumber="599" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B6059957FFEC04A0FE93F610FEB3" blockId="28.[1973,2562,273,698]" box="[1974,2557,273,306]" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A179957FFEC04A0FE93F7BCFEB3" bold="true" box="[1974,2129,273,306]" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869957FFEC0B49FE93F614FEB3" authority="Ruppell, 1835" authorityName="Ruppell" authorityYear="1835" box="[2143,2553,273,306]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Antilope" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="decula">Antilope decula Ruppell, 1835</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E9957FFEC04A3FEBBF701FEDB" box="[1973,2284,313,346]" pageId="28" pageNumber="599" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B6059957FFEC04A3FEBBF701FEDB" blockId="28.[1973,2562,273,698]" box="[1973,2284,313,346]" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B34BC589957FFEC04A3FEBBF701FEDB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3785198422" box="[1973,2284,313,346]" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34BF6959957FFEC04A3FEBBF7D4FEDB" box="[1973,2105,313,346]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">Abyssinia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, W
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34BF6959957FFEC0B78FEBBF70AFEDB" box="[2158,2279,313,346]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E9957FFEC04A0FEE6F817FD63" pageId="28" pageNumber="599" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B6059957FFEC04A0FEE6F817FD63" blockId="28.[1973,2562,273,698]" lastBlockId="28.[1358,2562,709,3452]" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">
|
||
The Lake
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499878E79957FFEC0B43FEE6F777FE00" box="[2133,2202,356,385]" country="Kenya" name="Tana River" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">Tana</collectingRegion>
|
||
Bushbuck was formerly considered a subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869957FFEC0A7DFE0DF614FE29" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1766" box="[2411,2553,399,424]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Tragelaphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scriptus">T. scriptus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but diagnostically different from other bushbucks. The Lake
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499878E79957FFEC0BEBFE54F6AFFE76" box="[2301,2370,470,503]" country="Kenya" name="Tana River" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">Tana</collectingRegion>
|
||
Bushbuck is a mountain endemic and evidently a species of hybrid origin because it has the phenotype of the sylvaticus group but the mtDNA of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869957FFEC0B8CFDF1F717FD15" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1766" box="[2202,2298,627,660]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Tragelaphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scriptus">scriptus</taxonomicName>
|
||
group. Synonyms of the Lake
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499878E79957FFEC0B7EFD1BF740FD3B" box="[2152,2221,665,698]" country="Kenya" name="Tana River" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">Tana</collectingRegion>
|
||
Bushbuck include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869957FFEC0ADFFD1BFA70FD63" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Tragelaphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multicolor">multicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869957FFEC06B8FD47F9D2FD63" box="[1454,1599,709,738]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Tragelaphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrinotatis">nigrinotatis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869957FFEC059FFD47F8A2FD63" box="[1673,1871,709,738]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Tragelaphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulvo-ochraceus">fulvo-ochraceus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Monotypic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E9957FFEC0659FD72F9B5FCB0" pageId="28" pageNumber="599" type="distribution">
|
||
<caption id="DF23E68D9957FFEC0659FD72F9B5FCB0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6512531" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6512531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6512531/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="599" targetBox="[1357,1950,281,697]" targetPageId="28">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B6059957FFEC0659FD72F9B5FCB0" blockId="28.[1358,2562,709,3452]" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A179957FFEC0659FD72FA12FC88" bold="true" box="[1359,1535,752,777]" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Mainly in lowland
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34BF6959957FFEC0406FD72F865FC88" box="[1808,1928,752,777]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
|
||
but also likely in S
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34BF6959957FFEC0B8DFD72F710FC88" box="[2203,2301,752,777]" name="Eritrea" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">Eritrea</collectingCountry>
|
||
, SW
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34BF6959957FFEC0A53FD72F657FC88" box="[2373,2490,752,777]" name="Djibouti" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">Djibouti</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and extreme SE
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34BF6959957FFEC06ECFC92F9B9FCB0" box="[1530,1620,784,817]" name="Sudan" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">Sudan</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E9957FFEC0659FCB9F95EF938" pageId="28" pageNumber="599" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B6059957FFEC0659FCB9F95EF938" blockId="28.[1358,2562,709,3452]" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A179957FFEC0659FCB9F9ABFCD9" bold="true" box="[1359,1606,827,856]" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head—body 117-145 cm (males) and 114-132 cm (females), tail 19-24 cm, shoulder height 64-100 cm (males) and 61-85 cm (females); weight 40-80 kg (males) and 24-60 kg (females). These measurements are general for the bushbuck group and should be considered provisional until further information is available for individual species. Tragelaphines are typified by their sexual dimorphism, and the weight of male bushbucks, in general, is about 160% of that of females. Bushbucks are the smallest tragelaphines, with large ears and eyes and a rather round, crested back. Their hindquarters tend to be higher and more robust than their forequarters. The color of both sexes of the Lake
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499878E79957FFEC0455FBF0F865FB12" box="[1859,1928,1138,1171]" country="Kenya" name="Tana River" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">Tana</collectingRegion>
|
||
Bushbuck is ocher to yellowor sandy-brown, often with a dark suffusion of the hairs on the back and a black dorsal crest. The white markings typical of the Western Bushbuck (7.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869957FFEC04C0FB42F7DBFB60" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1766" box="[2006,2102,1216,1249]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Tragelaphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scriptus">scriptus</taxonomicName>
|
||
) are indistinct on the Lake
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499878E79957FFEC0AADFB42F5EDFB60" box="[2491,2560,1216,1249]" country="Kenya" name="Tana River" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">Tana</collectingRegion>
|
||
Bushbuck, fading completely in old animals, with the exception of some haunch spots and two white spots, one below the eye and the other on the lower jaw. Two longitudinal bands are often visible in young animals. Both sexes have a fully haired neck, a white throat-patch, and sometimes a white breast-patch. The fronts of forelegs are black, with white on the fronts of the knees. Inguinal glands occur ahead of the mammae, but there are no false hoof glands. Tails are relatively short, long-haired, and bushy, dorsally colored the same as the back, white underneath, and usually tipped in black. Only males have keeled horns, which are nearly straight with generally only one or slightly more twists. The average length of the horns of the Lake
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499878E79957FFEC0A33F9A0F687F9C2" box="[2341,2410,1570,1603]" country="Kenya" name="Tana River" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">Tana</collectingRegion>
|
||
Bushbuck is about
|
||
<quantity id="4CA41BE09957FFEC06DDF9D3F9CFF9EB" box="[1483,1570,1617,1642]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="28" pageNumber="599" unit="cm" value="25.0">25 cm</quantity>
|
||
. Average total length of the skull is 22-3 cm. Dental formula is I 0/3, Co0/1,P 3/3, M 3/3 (x2) = 32. Diploid numbers for the bushbuck group are 33 for males and 34 for females.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E9957FFEC0646F93DF9FFF79A" pageId="28" pageNumber="599" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B6059957FFEC0646F93DF9FFF79A" blockId="28.[1358,2562,709,3452]" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A179957FFEC0646F93DFA52F961" bold="true" box="[1360,1471,1727,1760]" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
As a group, bushbucks are the most ubiquitous hoofed mammals in Africa, but because of their relatively solitary nature (particularly males), relatively small size, tendency to freeze and cryptically blend into their surroundings, and preference for forest and forest edge, they are difficult to observe and census. According to Y. Moodley and M. W. Bruford, the Eritrean Sahellian Acacia Savanna and the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499878E79957FFEC0A24F8DFF67CF8FF" box="[2354,2449,1885,1918]" country="Ethiopia" name="Sumale" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">Somali</collectingRegion>
|
||
Acacia Commaphora Brushland and Thicket ecoregions are occupied exclusively by the Lake
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499878E79957FFEC0646F829FA78F84D" box="[1360,1429,1963,1996]" country="Kenya" name="Tana River" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">Tana</collectingRegion>
|
||
Bushbuck haplogroup. They are usually found near free water, which may be as much a reflection of their preferred forested habitats thriving near water as a physiological need.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E9957FFEC0646F7A3F905F686" pageId="28" pageNumber="599" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B6059957FFEC0646F7A3F905F686" blockId="28.[1358,2562,709,3452]" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A179957FFEC0646F7A3F9BFF7C3" bold="true" box="[1360,1618,2081,2114]" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
There is no specific information available for this species, but probably, like other bushbuck species it eats a variety of shrubs, legumes, and other herbaceous plants as well as new-growth of grasses. Bushbucks are fond of the fruits of various trees and can be observed feeding on fallen fruits under trees in which baboons and other monkeys are foraging. In various locations, bushbucks are agricultural pests, eating various crops by night.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E9957FFEC0646F68FF6E0F6FD" pageId="28" pageNumber="599" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B6059957FFEC0646F68FF6E0F6FD" blockId="28.[1358,2562,709,3452]" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A179957FFEC0646F68FFA3BF6AF" bold="true" box="[1360,1494,2317,2350]" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Bushbucks have been described as the most socially primitive of the tragelaphines and are typically thought of as non-terrritorial polygynous breeders (see the Nile Bushbuck for the most thorough studies of breeding behavior).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E9957FFEC0658F601F8F4F59B" pageId="28" pageNumber="599" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B6059957FFEC0658F601F8F4F59B" blockId="28.[1358,2562,709,3452]" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A179957FFEC0658F601F9D6F625" bold="true" box="[1358,1595,2435,2468]" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Few specifics have been reported for the Lake
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499878E79957FFEC0BF2F601F6C4F625" box="[2276,2345,2435,2468]" country="Kenya" name="Tana River" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">Tana</collectingRegion>
|
||
Bushbuck, but activity patterns are probably comparable to the general bushbuck pattern; crepuscular and nocturnal, spending much of the day resting/ruminating in forest cover, often alone or mother—offspring pairs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E9957FFEC0646F5A2F7D6F4AC" pageId="28" pageNumber="599" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B6059957FFEC0646F5A2F7D6F4AC" blockId="28.[1358,2562,709,3452]" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A179957FFEC0646F5A2F7FCF5C0" bold="true" box="[1360,2065,2592,2625]" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
There is little specific information available for this species, but it is probably comparable to other bushbuck species (see the Nile Bushbuck for the most through studies of these characteristics). Bushbucks do not range over a wide area. Home ranges are not exclusive, but individuals do have their own, apparently exclusive, places to rest during the day. Although not aggressive to one another, regular social interactions among bushbucks are largely confined to mother—offspring pairs and male—females during rut.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E9957FFEC0647F4B5F70EF35C" pageId="28" pageNumber="599" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B6059957FFEC0647F4B5F70EF35C" blockId="28.[1358,2562,709,3452]" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A179957FFEC0647F4B5F942F4D5" bold="true" box="[1361,1711,2871,2900]" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List (under 7.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869957FFEC0644F4D8FA5CF4FA" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1766" box="[1362,1457,2906,2939]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Tragelaphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scriptus">scriptus</taxonomicName>
|
||
), which does not differentiate the eight species identified here. Some localized populations of bushbucks have decreased because of excessive illegal harvest, destruction of native habitats as human populations and livestock numbers have increased, and increased aridity. Generally, however, bushbucks can do well in areas of human habitation because of their secretive nature, non-herding tendencies, cryptic coat patterning and tendency to freeze and blend into their surroundings when faced with danger, and flexible daily schedules, adopting a nocturnal pattern in areas of human activity. Bushbuck populations are considered stable range-wide. The Lake
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499878E79957FFEC0A70F3EFF646F30F" box="[2406,2475,3181,3214]" country="Kenya" name="Tana River" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">Tana</collectingRegion>
|
||
Bushbuckis one of the least known of the bushbuck species, so future research is required to establish its population characteristics and conservation needs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E9957FFEC0644F369FA77F2FD" pageId="28" pageNumber="599" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B6059957FFEC0644F369FA77F2FD" blockId="28.[1358,2562,709,3452]" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A179957FFEC0644F369FA0AF285" bold="true" box="[1362,1511,3307,3332]" pageId="28" pageNumber="599">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Ansell (1972), Bro-Jorgensen (2008), East (1999), Estes (1991a, 1991b), Groves & Grubb (2011), IUCN/SSC
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869957FFEC06DAF291F94FF2AD" authority="Specialist" authorityName="Specialist" box="[1484,1698,3347,3372]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Antelope" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Antelope Specialist</taxonomicName>
|
||
Group (2009), Kingdon (1982, 1997), Lydekker & Blaine (1914), Moodley & Bruford (2007), Moodley et al. (2009), Nowak (1999), Olson et al. (2001), Walther (1990a), Wronski & Moodley (2009).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |