287 lines
32 KiB
XML
287 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="E6503D88E629BAF1E45EFD45D14EDAE5" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3646.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ea1f9935-d71d-4030-a3c9-d1df7e0a3463" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="249406" ID-ZooBank="DDE05DCD-A443-499D-9F38-8C3B43592694" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460600548416" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Tahseen, Qudsia, Asif, Mohammad, Mustaqim, Malka, Ahlawat, Shikha & Bert, Wim" docDate="2013" docId="03C21B03FF8BFFCAFF5BFF4F75A32EA9" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03646p335.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3646 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Prionchulus muscorum Dujardin 1845" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="306" masterDocId="FFFB637BFF8EFFCDFFCCFFD876242F5D" masterDocTitle="Descriptions of ten known species of the superfamily Mononchoidea (Mononchida: Nematoda) from North India with a detailed account on their variations" masterLastPageNumber="335" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="306" updateTime="1698327459109" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="468B0DA1283854F7F57D65EFAC7393F7">Descriptions of ten known species of the superfamily Mononchoidea (Mononchida: Nematoda) from North India with a detailed account on their variations</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EB08968D9A3C7FE1FB008794146EBBFD">Tahseen, Qudsia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A63A8CD0C2892AF54B2BDB0CCB71933F">Asif, Mohammad</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1D3C52F4365DC9D1D29FE32AB8590EB1">Mustaqim, Malka</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7FE3EA34EC4039A643DCF35E7729A0C5">Ahlawat, Shikha</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F52CDB512682DDD5BDBCA5CD170265C0">Bert, Wim</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="0D0F8C6DA9A4070940EC7C4A0D339AFB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="65E84F80BB14284D5EA2E9233EA2AD89">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="275FE7D66FC793626A67E23E753CDF26">3646</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03C21B03FF8BFFCAFF5BFF4F75A32EA9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5616687" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119567201" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5616687" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C21B03FF8BFFCAFF5BFF4F75A32EA9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C21B03FF8BFFCAFF5BFF4F75A32EA9" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="306" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
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<subSubSection id="C371F99EFF8BFFC8FF5BFF4F74182E45" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD4AA15FF8BFFC8FF5BFF4F75B72FEC" blockId="5.[151,915,151,210]" box="[151,915,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
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<heading id="D09C1D79FF8BFFC8FF5BFF4F75B72FEC" bold="true" box="[151,915,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8BFFC8FF5BFF4F75B72FEC" bold="true" box="[151,915,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6BD196FF8BFFC8FF5BFF4F74A82FEC" authority="Dujardin, 1845" authorityName="Dujardin" authorityYear="1845" box="[151,652,151,177]" class="Adenophorea" family="Mononchidae" genus="Prionchulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="muscorum">
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<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8BFFC8FF5BFF4F77912FEC" bold="true" box="[151,437,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Prionchulus muscorum</emphasis>
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(Dujardin, 1845)
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</taxonomicName>
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Wu & Hoeppli, 1929
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD4AA15FF8BFFC8FF5BFF6276CF2F8F" blockId="5.[151,915,151,210]" box="[151,235,186,210]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
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(
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<figureCitation id="1350B690FF8BFFC8FF53FF6276C72F8F" box="[159,227,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1928,1951]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1907]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Prionchulus muscorum (Dujardin, 1845) Wu & Hoeppli, 1929 female. A – D: Anterior end. E – H: Subventral wall with denticulate ridge. I: Body region showing excretory pore. J – L: Pharyngo-intestinal junction. M: Vulval region. N, O: Posterior body region. P: tail tip. (Scale bar = 10 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249408/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD4AA15FF8BFFC8FF5BFEDB74182E45" blockId="5.[151,1005,258,648]" box="[151,572,258,280]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
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=
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<taxonomicName id="4C6BD196FF8BFFC8FF69FEDA74182E45" authority="Dujardin, 1845" authorityName="Dujardin" authorityYear="1845" box="[165,572,258,280]" class="Adenophorea" family="Oncholaimidae" genus="Oncholaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="muscorum">
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<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8BFFC8FF69FEDA77B82E45" box="[165,412,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Oncholaimus muscorum</emphasis>
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Dujardin, 1845
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C371F99EFF8BFFC8FF5BFEFA72812AB5" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD4AA15FF8BFFC8FF5BFEFA74212E29" blockId="5.[151,1005,258,648]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
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=
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<taxonomicName id="4C6BD196FF8BFFC8FF69FEF974E92E6A" authority="(Dujardin, 1845) Bastian, 1865" authorityName="(Dujardin, 1845) Bastian" authorityYear="1865" box="[165,717,289,311]" class="Adenophorea" family="Mononchidae" genus="Mononchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="muscorum">
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<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8BFFC8FF69FEF977AF2E6A" box="[165,395,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Mononchus muscorum</emphasis>
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(Dujardin, 1845) Bastian, 1865
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</taxonomicName>
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=
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<taxonomicName id="4C6BD196FF8BFFC8FF69FE9875C92E0B" authority="(Dujardin, 1845) Bastian, 1865 (Cobb, 1916)" authorityName="(Dujardin, 1845) Bastian, 1865 (Cobb" authorityYear="1916" box="[165,1005,320,342]" class="Adenophorea" family="Mononchidae" genus="Mononchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="muscorum" subGenus="Prionchulus">
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<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8BFFC8FF69FE98773F2E0B" box="[165,283,320,342]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Mononchus</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8BFFC8FEE6FE9877822E0B" box="[298,422,320,342]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Prionchulus</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8BFFC8FE78FE9974392E0B" box="[436,541,321,342]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">muscorum</emphasis>
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(Dujardin, 1845) Bastian, 1865 (Cobb, 1916)
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</taxonomicName>
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=
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<taxonomicName id="4C6BD196FF8BFFC8FF69FE8777502E28" box="[165,372,351,373]" class="Adenophorea" family="Mononchidae" genus="Mononchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="bastiani">
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<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8BFFC8FF69FE8777502E28" box="[165,372,351,373]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Mononchus bastiani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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de Man, 1876
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD4AA15FF8BFFC8FF5BFEA674512EEC" blockId="5.[151,1005,258,648]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
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=
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<taxonomicName id="4C6BD196FF8BFFC8FF69FEA574BF2ECF" authority="Cobb, 1917" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1917" box="[165,667,381,403]" class="Adenophorea" family="Mononchidae" genus="Mononchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicollis" subGenus="Prionchulus">
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<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8BFFC8FF69FEA5773F2ECE" box="[165,283,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Mononchus</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8BFFC8FEE6FEA577822ECE" box="[298,422,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Prionchulus</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8BFFC8FE78FEA5743B2ECE" box="[436,543,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">longicollis</emphasis>
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Cobb, 1917
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</taxonomicName>
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=
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<taxonomicName id="4C6BD196FF8BFFC8FF69FE4474512EEC" authority="Fuchs, 1930" authorityName="Fuchs" authorityYear="1930" box="[165,629,411,434]" class="Adenophorea" family="Mononchidae" genus="Mononchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Nematoda" rank="subSpecies" species="papillatus" subSpecies="macrodon">
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<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8BFFC8FF69FE4477D72EEF" box="[165,499,412,434]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Mononchus papillatus macrodon</emphasis>
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Fuchs, 1930
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD4AA15FF8BFFC8FF5BFE6374052E8D" blockId="5.[151,1005,258,648]" box="[151,545,442,464]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
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=
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<taxonomicName id="4C6BD196FF8BFFC8FF69FE6274052E8D" authority="Eroshenko, 1975" authorityName="Eroshenko" authorityYear="1975" box="[165,545,442,464]" class="Adenophorea" family="Mononchidae" genus="Prionchulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="medius">
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<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8BFFC8FF69FE62774B2E8D" box="[165,367,442,464]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Prionchulus medius</emphasis>
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Eroshenko, 1975
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD4AA15FF8BFFC8FF5BFE0274072EB2" blockId="5.[151,1005,258,648]" box="[151,547,473,495]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
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||
=
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<taxonomicName id="4C6BD196FF8BFFC8FF69FE0174072EB2" authority="Zell, 1985" authorityName="Zell" authorityYear="1985" box="[165,547,473,495]" class="Adenophorea" family="Mononchidae" genus="Prionchulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="paucidentatus">
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<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8BFFC8FF69FE0177912EB2" box="[165,437,473,495]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Prionchulus paucidentatus</emphasis>
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Zell, 1985
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD4AA15FF8BFFC8FF5BFE2174522D16" blockId="5.[151,1005,258,648]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
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=
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<taxonomicName id="4C6BD196FF8BFFC8FF69FE20749D2D50" authority="Winiszewska & Susulovsky, 2003" authorityName="Winiszewska & Susulovsky" authorityYear="2003" box="[165,697,504,526]" class="Adenophorea" family="Mononchidae" genus="Prionchulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="ferox">
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<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8BFFC8FF69FE20777E2D53" box="[165,346,504,526]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Prionchulus ferox</emphasis>
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Winiszewska & Susulovsky, 2003
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</taxonomicName>
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=
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<taxonomicName id="4C6BD196FF8BFFC8FF69FDCF74CC2D71" authority="Winiszewska & Susulovsky, 2003" authorityName="Winiszewska & Susulovsky" authorityYear="2003" box="[165,744,534,557]" class="Adenophorea" family="Mononchidae" genus="Prionchulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="olexandri">
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<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8BFFC8FF69FDCF77AC2D70" box="[165,392,535,557]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Prionchulus olexandri</emphasis>
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Winiszewska & Susulovsky, 2003
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</taxonomicName>
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=
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<taxonomicName id="4C6BD196FF8BFFC8FF69FDED74522D16" authority="Saha, Lal & Singh, 2006" authorityName="Saha, Lal & Singh" authorityYear="2006" box="[165,630,565,587]" class="Adenophorea" family="Mononchidae" genus="Prionchulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="prasadi">
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<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8BFFC8FF69FDED77512D16" box="[165,373,565,587]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Prionchulus prasadi</emphasis>
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Saha, Lal & Singh, 2006
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD4AA15FF8BFFC8FF5BFD8D74C32DD5" blockId="5.[151,1005,258,648]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
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=
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<taxonomicName id="4C6BD196FF8BFFC8FF69FD8C748D2D34" authority="Mohilal & Dhanachand, 1997" authorityName="Mohilal & Dhanachand" authorityYear="1997" box="[165,681,595,618]" class="Adenophorea" family="Mononchidae" genus="Prionchulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="ukhrum">
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<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8BFFC8FF69FD8C77512D37" box="[165,373,596,618]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Prionchulus ukhrum</emphasis>
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Mohilal & Dhanachand, 1997
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</taxonomicName>
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=
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<taxonomicName id="4C6BD196FF8BFFC8FF69FDAA74C32DD5" authority="Khan, Choi, Lee & Choi, 2000" authorityName="Khan, Choi, Lee & Choi" authorityYear="2000" box="[165,743,626,648]" class="Adenophorea" family="Mononchidae" genus="Prionchulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pachydermis">
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<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8BFFC8FF69FDAA778D2DD5" box="[165,425,626,648]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Prionchulus pachydermis</emphasis>
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Khan, Choi, Lee & Choi, 2000
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD4AA15FF8BFFC8FF5BFD6D778F2D90" blockId="5.[151,1436,693,2017]" box="[151,427,693,717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
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<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8BFFC8FF5BFD6D77692D90" bold="true" box="[151,333,693,717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Measurements.</emphasis>
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<tableCitation id="C6E99FAEFF8BFFC8FE98FD6D77802D90" box="[340,420,693,717]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[125,213,577,600]" captionTargetBox="[125,1859,662,1410]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometrics of females of Clarkus papillatus (Bastian, 1865) Jairajpuri, 1970, Prionchulus muscorum (Dujardin, 1845) Wu & Hoeppli, 1929, Sporonchulus vagabundus Jairajpuri, 1971 and S. ibitensis (Carvalho, 1951) Andrássy, 1958. Measurements are in Μm and in the form: mean ± SD (range)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF14FA9DFF8DFFCEFFB1FD9970E92D2B" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" tableUuid="DF14FA9DFF8DFFCEFFB1FD9970E92D2B">Table 1</tableCitation>
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||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD4AA15FF8BFFC8FF05FD0177882A4D" blockId="5.[151,1436,693,2017]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8BFFC8FF05FD0177882DAF" bold="true" box="[201,428,729,754]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
Description.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8BFFC8FEAFFD0177882DAF" bold="true" box="[355,428,729,754]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Adult:</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Body medium to large-sized, straight to open ‘C’-shaped on fixation, strongly curved in tail region, broad at anterior end but tapering at posterior extremity. Body pores indistinct. Cuticle smooth, about 3.0–3.5 µm thick in different body regions. Lip region slightly offset from the body contour, about 2.0–2.5 times as wide as high; labial sensilla prominent, slightly raised. Amphids cup-shaped, 5–6 µm across, located anterior to dorsal tooth, at 18–23 µm from anterior end of body and 32–34 µm from base of buccal cavity. Buccal cavity large, elongate barrel-shaped, about 1.6 times as long as wide, with thick, heavily cuticularised vertical and oblique walls. Dorsal wall bearing a sharp, pointed, 10–12 µm long and 5–6 µm wide dorsal tooth, directed forward, located in the anterior half of buccal cavity at 73–75% from its base; each sub-ventral wall bearing a longitudinal denticulate ridge with 11–16 closely placed denticles. Pharyngeal collar surrounding buccal cavity at 1/3–1/4 of its length from base or up to the level of oblique plates. Pharynx cylindroid, muscular, 25–30% of body length. Orifices of pharyngeal glands, DO located at
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8BFFC8FDD9FB9A74142B04" box="[533,560,1090,1113]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">ca</emphasis>
|
||
54–55%, SV1O1 and SV1O2 at
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8BFFC8FC44FB9A75872B04" box="[904,931,1090,1113]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">ca</emphasis>
|
||
67–68%, SV2O1 and SV2O2 at
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8BFFC8FB32FB9A733D2B04" box="[1278,1305,1090,1113]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">ca</emphasis>
|
||
94–96% of pharyngeal length from anterior end. Nerve ring at 30–32% of pharyngeal length, conspicuous in few specimens only. Excretory pore at 34–36% of pharyngeal length. Pharyngo-intestinal junction non-tuberculate. Intestine with narrow lumen, in some specimens containing cuticularised structures of devoured nematode prey. Rectum 1.2–1.3 times the anal body diameter. Tail conoid, strongly curved ventrally ending in acute terminus. Caudal glands and terminal opening absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD4AA15FF8BFFC8FF05FAC372012A21" blockId="5.[151,1436,693,2017]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8BFFC8FF05FAC3770D2A69" bold="true" box="[201,297,1307,1332]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Female:</emphasis>
|
||
Reproductive system didelphic, amphidelphic; ovaries reflexed with oocytes arranged in a single row, except at the tip. Vagina about half of corresponding body diameter with ovoid, dorso-ventrally compressed
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8BFFC8FAA6FA99772D2A21" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">pars refringens</emphasis>
|
||
. Vulva post-equatorial, a transverse slit with slightly cuticularised lips.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD4AA15FF8BFFC8FF05FA5077AA2AFD" blockId="5.[151,1436,693,2017]" box="[201,398,1416,1441]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8BFFC8FF05FA5077292AFC" bold="true" box="[201,269,1416,1441]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Male:</emphasis>
|
||
Not found.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD4AA15FF8BFFC8FF05FA7372812AB5" blockId="5.[151,1436,693,2017]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8BFFC8FF05FA7377E92A99" bold="true" box="[201,461,1451,1476]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Locality and habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Soil sample containing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6BD196FF8BFFC8FD3CFA7475DE2A99" box="[752,1018,1452,1476]" class="Adenophorea" family="Mononchidae" genus="Prionchulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="muscorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8BFFC8FD3CFA7475DE2A99" box="[752,1018,1452,1476]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Prionchulus muscorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was collected from around grasses (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6BD196FF8BFFC8FF6CFA0876D92AB5" box="[160,253,1488,1512]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Agrostis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8BFFC8FF6CFA0876D92AB5" box="[160,253,1488,1512]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Agrostis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.), Dehradun, Uttarakhand,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37CEA85FF8BFFC8FD83FA0874AF2AB5" box="[591,651,1488,1512]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, located at
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5FCCD2FF8BFFC8FCC6FA0875AA2AB5" box="[778,910,1488,1512]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" precision="15" value="30.34389">30°20'38"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5FCCD2FF8BFFC8FC59FA0872322AB5" box="[917,1046,1488,1512]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" precision="15" value="77.99777">77°59'52"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
coordinates.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C371F99EFF8BFFC8FF05FA2C757D29B9" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD4AA15FF8BFFC8FF05FA2C75F42909" blockId="5.[151,1436,693,2017]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8BFFC8FF05FA2C77912951" bold="true" box="[201,437,1523,1548]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Voucher specimens.</emphasis>
|
||
Four females on slide
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6BD196FF8BFFC8FD7AFA2C725A2951" authority="Dujardin, 1845" authorityName="Dujardin" authorityYear="1845" box="[694,1150,1524,1548]" class="Adenophorea" family="Mononchidae" genus="Prionchulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="muscorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8BFFC8FD7AFA2C759F2951" box="[694,955,1524,1548]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Prionchulus muscorum</emphasis>
|
||
(Dujardin, 1845)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Wu & Hoeppli, 1929 no. D12/1–2 deposited in the Nematode Collection, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37CEA85FF8BFFC8FF31F9E4771E2909" box="[253,314,1596,1620]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
. One female deposited at USDANC, Beltsville, MD,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37CEA85FF8BFFC8FC5DF9E475E82909" box="[913,972,1596,1620]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD4AA15FF8BFFC8FF05F987757D29B9" blockId="5.[151,1436,693,2017]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8BFFC8FF05F98777832925" bold="true" box="[201,423,1631,1656]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Salient characters.</emphasis>
|
||
Medium to large-sized species; buccal cavity of moderate size with parallel vertical walls; dorsal wall bearing medium-sized tooth; each subventral vertical wall provided with denticulate ridge having 11– 16 denticles; Pharyngo-intestinal junction non-tuberculate; female reproductive system amphidelphic; tail short conoid with rudimentary or no caudal glands; spinneret absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C371F99EFF8BFFCAFF05F92875A32EA9" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="308" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD4AA15FF8BFFC8FF05F92872502829" blockId="5.[151,1436,693,2017]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8BFFC8FF05F92877192855" bold="true" box="[201,317,1776,1800]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8BFFC8FE88F92977F52855" box="[324,465,1777,1800]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">P. m u s c o r u m</emphasis>
|
||
(Dujardin, 1845) Wu & Hoeppli, 1929 is a widely distributed species reported from a large number of countries of Europe, Asia, Africa,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37CEA85FF8BFFC8FD12F8CC751B2871" box="[734,831,1812,1836]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37CEA85FF8BFFC8FCB4F8CC75FB2871" box="[888,991,1812,1836]" name="Australia" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Andrássy, 2006), predominantly from soil and occasionally from moss as well as aquatic habitats. The species seems to be facultatively parthenogenetic as it is often represented by females in populations, with males extremely rare or absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD4AA15FF8BFFCAFF05F85875A32EA9" blockId="5.[151,1436,693,2017]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,151,500]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="308" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
The present specimens conformed well in most morphological and morphometric characteristics to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6BD196FF8BFFC8FA4BF859772828E1" class="Adenophorea" family="Mononchidae" genus="Prionchulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="muscorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8BFFC8FA4BF859772828E1" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">P. muscorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8BFFC8FED2F87C777228E1" box="[286,342,1956,1980]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">apud</emphasis>
|
||
Jairajpuri, 1970a; Andrássy, 1985) except in having a smaller
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8BFFC8FBE0F87D721E28E1" box="[1068,1082,1957,1980]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">a</emphasis>
|
||
value (16–20
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8BFFC8FB2EF87D72DD28E1" box="[1250,1273,1957,1980]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">vs</emphasis>
|
||
21–33). Most characters were in total agreement with those specified for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6BD196FF8BFFC8FCE0F81172F028BD" authority="Arpin et al. (1984)" authorityName="Arpin et al." authorityYear="1984" box="[812,1236,1992,2016]" class="Adenophorea" family="Mononchidae" genus="Prionchulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Nematoda" rank="subSpecies" species="muscorum" subSpecies="apud">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8BFFC8FCE0F81175D828BD" box="[812,1020,1992,2016]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">P. muscorum apud</emphasis>
|
||
Arpin
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8BFFC8FB87F811725828BD" box="[1099,1148,1992,2016]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1984)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F7607FF8BFFC8FB10F81172DF28BD" box="[1244,1275,1993,2016]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">viz</emphasis>
|
||
., dorsal tooth located at 73–75% of the length of the buccal cavity from its base, smooth-shelled intra-uterine eggs, buccal cavity with prominently ridged subventral walls having 11–16 denticles and a relatively slender, conoid tail. However, presence of additional features considered to be specific for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6BD196FF89FFCAFC87FF3975F22FA5" box="[843,982,225,248]" class="Adenophorea" family="Mononchidae" genus="Prionchulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="punctatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F7607FF89FFCAFC87FF3975F22FA5" box="[843,982,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">P. punctatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
raise questions regarding the reliability and credence of these characters in diagnosis. The buccal cavity was observed to be relatively small and rectangular in some individuals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1350B690FF89FFCAFDD6FEFF74472E62" box="[538,611,295,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1928,1951]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1907]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Prionchulus muscorum (Dujardin, 1845) Wu & Hoeppli, 1929 female. A – D: Anterior end. E – H: Subventral wall with denticulate ridge. I: Body region showing excretory pore. J – L: Pharyngo-intestinal junction. M: Vulval region. N, O: Posterior body region. P: tail tip. (Scale bar = 10 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249408/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A); the thickness of the ridge as well as the arrangement of denticles exhibited variation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1350B690FF89FFCAFEB7FE94779A2E39" box="[379,446,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1928,1951]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1907]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Prionchulus muscorum (Dujardin, 1845) Wu & Hoeppli, 1929 female. A – D: Anterior end. E – H: Subventral wall with denticulate ridge. I: Body region showing excretory pore. J – L: Pharyngo-intestinal junction. M: Vulval region. N, O: Posterior body region. P: tail tip. (Scale bar = 10 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249408/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
E–H). The tail in a few individuals was observed to be short and conoid with a slightly swollen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1350B690FF89FFCAFECBFEB777712EDA" box="[263,341,367,391]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1928,1951]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1907]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Prionchulus muscorum (Dujardin, 1845) Wu & Hoeppli, 1929 female. A – D: Anterior end. E – H: Subventral wall with denticulate ridge. I: Body region showing excretory pore. J – L: Pharyngo-intestinal junction. M: Vulval region. N, O: Posterior body region. P: tail tip. (Scale bar = 10 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249408/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
N), fusiform terminus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1350B690FF89FFCAFDBAFEB774E72EDA" box="[630,707,367,391]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1928,1951]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1907]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Prionchulus muscorum (Dujardin, 1845) Wu & Hoeppli, 1929 female. A – D: Anterior end. E – H: Subventral wall with denticulate ridge. I: Body region showing excretory pore. J – L: Pharyngo-intestinal junction. M: Vulval region. N, O: Posterior body region. P: tail tip. (Scale bar = 10 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249408/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
O). Thus the only character for
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F7607FF89FFCAFBACFEA972D32ED5" box="[1120,1271,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">P. m u s c o r u m</emphasis>
|
||
that appears differentiating and reliable is the smooth (not echinulate) egg shell surface. The intraspecific variations in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6BD196FF89FFCAFA4BFE4D77282E8D" class="Adenophorea" family="Mononchidae" genus="Prionchulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="muscorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F7607FF89FFCAFA4BFE4D77282E8D" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">P. muscorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as also reported by Clark (1960), Mulvey (1967) and Arpin
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F7607FF89FFCAFC7CFE6175C62E8D" box="[944,994,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1984) can be due to the cosmopolitan nature of species that occurs in different biogeographical locations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |