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<document id="8DC70B0683277B0EF3983479FE3204FA" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.479.2.4" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5413836" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630356573377" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Biral, Leonardo &amp; Cornejo, Xavier" docDate="2021" docId="039EA95EFFBDFF8EFF0958DBFD98338C" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.479.2.4.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 479 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.479.2.4" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.7:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Monteverdia multicostata Cornejo &amp; Biral 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="184" masterDocId="FFA7D126FFBCFF8FFF815845FFDE344C" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Monteverdia (Celastraceae) from Ecuador" masterLastPageNumber="190" masterPageNumber="183" pageNumber="184" updateTime="1699245240365" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="3A6D20F785E860BFF5FDC85F189665A6">Two new species of Monteverdia (Celastraceae) from Ecuador</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6BC1ED03E0250420A47D286C2B7F5B05">Biral, Leonardo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2D297A9BDDC6B9ABECC056E6BF0D3422">Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - UTFPR. Campus Santa Helena. Herbarium SHPR. Rua Cerejeiras s / n, Bairro São Luiz. CEP 85892 - 000, Santa Helena, PR, Brasil (45) 3268 - 8800.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6E8FCEBF67D581753E3099D79C7640C4">Cornejo, Xavier</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E2894EC8A4FF4C9FAEF3149137B10A27">Herbario GUAY, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad de Guayaquil, Av. Raúl Gómez Lince s. n. y Av. Juan Tanca Marengo (campus Mapasingue), P. O. Box 09 - 01 - 10634, Guayaquil, Ecuador.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="9B5248D993211AF2CFC2DDFFE9EC0523">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="1BDA7F782135B9442C5BDD0C9E35DB23">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4562888C4E55FD7F56AEA2E63C8C1FCD">2021-01-08</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="43BA62B6CA051417A045B773D4F01876">479</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="1A80A71285EDB6D5EAF5940EB7CBBF7B" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="C32D4BC3FFBDFF8EFF0958DBFCA734F4" box="[136,889,158,185]" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B881848FFBDFF8EFF0958DBFCA734F4" blockId="1.[136,889,158,185]" box="[136,889,158,185]" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">
<heading id="D0C0AF24FFBDFF8EFF0958DBFCA734F4" box="[136,889,158,185]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C3763CBFFBDFF8EFF0958DBFDB134F4" ID-CoL="84BBF" authority="Cornejo &amp; Biral" authorityName="Cornejo &amp; Biral" authorityYear="2021" box="[136,623,158,185]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Celastraceae" genus="Monteverdia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Celastrales" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multicostata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B943C45AFFBDFF8EFF0958DBFE7134F5" bold="true" box="[136,431,158,185]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">Monteverdia multicostata</emphasis>
Cornejo &amp; Biral
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B943C45AFFBDFF8EFDFB58DAFD1134F4" box="[634,719,159,184]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2707921FFBDFF8EFDFB58DAFD1134F4" box="[634,719,159,184]" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="130C04CDFFBDFF8EFD5C58DBFCF534F4" box="[733,811,158,184]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[184,1403,187,1926]" captionTargetId="figure-26@2.[184,1403,187,1926]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Monteverdia multicostata: A. Lenticellate branch bearing fasciculate inflorescences. B. Terminal leafy branch and fruits. C. Leafy branches bearing yellowish mature erect fruits. D. Greenish mature open fruit displaying a white-arillate seed. E. Longitudinally ridged, cacao-like seeds. F. Bark.A, C, courtesy of Bruno Baumann, from unvouchered specimens in Esmeraldas province. B, D–F, from the type Cornejo &amp; Loor 9320 (GUAY)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5413842" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5413842/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="130C04CDFFBDFF8EFCE058DBFCAE34F4" box="[865,880,158,184]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1209,1231]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,190,1185]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[151,1435,190,1185]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Monteverdia multicostata: A. Fruiting branch. B. Seed. C. A ripe open fruit. A-C, from Cornejo &amp; Loor 9320 (GUAY). Drawings by André Moura Pedroso." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5413846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5413846/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">2</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32D4BC3FFBDFF8EFF0958AFFD98338C" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B881848FFBDFF8EFF0958AFFDF03568" blockId="1.[136,1452,234,292]" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">
<materialsCitation id="3B5F1215FFBDFF8EFF0958AFFC44354C" box="[136,922,234,256]" collectionCode="S" collectorName="La Esperanza" country="Ecuador" location="Manabi" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" specimenCode="S 79" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Manabi">
Type:—
<collectingCountry id="F32058D8FFBDFF8EFF5458AFFE9334B3" box="[213,333,234,255]" name="Ecuador" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="49F3D6AAFFBDFF8EFED758AFFE7D354C" box="[342,419,234,256]" country="Ecuador" name="Manabi" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">Manabí</collectingRegion>
:
<collectorName id="26C27D9EFFBDFF8EFE2A58AFFDF034B3" box="[427,558,234,255]" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">La Esperanza</collectorName>
, secondary wet forest, 0°22´30.2¨
<specimenCode id="DB91B033FFBDFF8EFCF158AFFC44354C" box="[880,922,234,256]" collectionCode="S" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" type="Herbarium">S 79</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
°
<materialsCitation id="3B5F1215FFBDFF8EFC2358AFFAD634B3" box="[930,1288,234,256]" collectingDate="2020-02-21" collectionCode="W" country="Ecuador" elevation="200" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Manabi">
36´19.2¨
<collectionCode id="ED26808DFFBDFF8EFC7258AFFBD2354C" box="[1011,1036,234,256]" country="Austria" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" name="Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" type="Herbarium">W</collectionCode>
,
<quantity id="4CCFB5ADFFBDFF8EFB9458AFFB8A34B3" box="[1045,1108,234,255]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" unit="m" value="200.0">
<elevation id="001AFF7BFFBDFF8EFB9458AFFB8A34B3" box="[1045,1108,234,255]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FF893E88FFBDFF8EFBDC58AFFAD634B3" box="[1117,1288,234,256]" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" value="2020-02-21">
<collectingDate id="EFCDC760FFBDFF8EFBDC58AFFAD634B3" box="[1117,1288,234,256]" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" value="2020-02-21">21 February 2020</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B5F1215FFBDFF8EFA9058AFFDF53568" collectionCode="GUAY, QCA" country="Ecuador" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Manabi" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B943C45AFFBDFF8EFA9058AFFF33356F" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">
<taxonomicName id="4C3763CBFFBDFF8EFA9058AFFABE34B3" authority="Biral &amp; Cornejo, 2021" authorityName="Biral &amp; Cornejo" authorityYear="2021" box="[1297,1376,234,255]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" rank="species" species="cornejo" status="sp. nov.">Cornejo</taxonomicName>
&amp; Loor 9320
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="548CA6EAFFBDFF8EFF7B594BFE8E3568" box="[250,336,270,292]" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED26808DFFBDFF8EFED4594BFE46356F" box="[341,408,270,291]" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15759" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15759" name="Universidad de Guayaquil" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" type="Herbarium">GUAY</collectionCode>
, isotype
<collectionCode id="ED26808DFFBDFF8EFE6C594BFDFA3568" box="[493,548,270,292]" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15650" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15650" name="Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" type="Herbarium">QCA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B881848FFBDFF8EFF095916FA8A3520" blockId="1.[136,1452,338,1985]" box="[136,1364,338,365]" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">
<emphasis id="B943C45AFFBDFF8EFF095916FA8A3520" box="[136,1364,338,365]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">
Species
<taxonomicName id="4C3763CBFFBDFF8EFF625916FEE43520" box="[227,314,339,364]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Celastraceae" genus="Salacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Celastrales" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insignis">insignis</taxonomicName>
ab omnibus speciebus notis generis fructibus grandioribus et seminibus multicostatus differt.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B881848FFBDFF8EFF3C5932FC3C302C" blockId="1.[136,1452,338,1985]" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">
<emphasis id="B943C45AFFBDFF8EFF3C5932FF3035DC" box="[189,238,375,400]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">Tree</emphasis>
,
<quantity id="4CCFB5ADFFBDFF8EFF7F5933FE8A35DD" box="[254,340,374,401]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" unit="m" value="19.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="8.0">8–30 m</quantity>
tall, to
<quantity id="4CCFB5ADFFBDFF8EFE2F5933FE2A35DD" box="[430,500,374,401]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" unit="cm" value="80.0">80 cm</quantity>
in diameter at breast height, glabrous; inner bark red, outer bark richly lenticellate, gray with irregular white spots; old twigs cylindrical, blackened (dry); young twigs slightly flattened, grayish (dry), densely lenticellate, lenticels whitish and prominent.
<emphasis id="B943C45AFFBDFF8EFD6759FAFCEA3594" box="[742,820,447,472]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">Leaves</emphasis>
alternate, distichous; stipules not seen, early caducous; petiole ca.
<quantity id="4CCFB5ADFFBDFF8EFE8459A7FE9935B1" box="[261,327,482,509]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
long, slightly flattened, drying black; blades 7–14 ×
<quantity id="4CCFB5ADFFBDFF8EFC2459A7FC2335B1" box="[933,1021,482,509]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" unit="cm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6 cm</quantity>
, elliptic to obovate, chartaceous, base cuneate to obtuse, margin entire, flat, apex acute to obtuse, acuminate, glabrous, drying brown on both faces; venation brochidodromous, primary vein plane on the adaxial face, slightly prominent at the base, raised slightly on the abaxial face, secondary veins 7–9 pairs, darker on the adaxial face, slightly raised or impressed on the abaxial face.
<emphasis id="B943C45AFFBDFF8EFA8A5A0BFA723624" box="[1291,1452,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">Inflorescences</emphasis>
fasciculate, simple, axillary, multi-flowered; pedicels ca.
<quantity id="4CCFB5ADFFBDFF8EFCA15A37FC5F36C1" box="[800,897,626,653]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="7.0">7–8 mm</quantity>
long, cylindrical; bracteoles acute,
<quantity id="4CCFB5ADFFBDFF8EFAA25A37FAB636C1" box="[1315,1384,626,653]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
long, margin irregular.
<emphasis id="B943C45AFFBDFF8EFECA5AD3FE7936FC" box="[331,423,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">Flowers</emphasis>
5-merous, prefloration imbricate, in one row with the margins of one petal overlapping two other petals, three petals with one margin external and the other internal, and one petal with both margins completely internal; calyx gamosepalous at base, lobes ca. 1 ×
<quantity id="4CCFB5ADFFBDFF8EFD415A9BFCC636B5" box="[704,792,734,761]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
, green, ovate to deltoid, margin sparsely ciliate, blackened; corolla dialypetalous; petals 2–3 ×
<quantity id="4CCFB5ADFFBDFF8EFD8F5B47FD8F3751" box="[526,593,770,797]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
, light-green, ovate, broadly divergent to subpatent at anthesis, apex obtuse to rounded, margin membranous, hyaline, slightly undulate; stamens 5, alternate with petals,
<quantity id="4CCFB5ADFFBDFF8EFB095B63FB25370D" box="[1160,1275,806,833]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">1–1.5 mm</quantity>
long, filaments flattened, broadened at base, attenuate at apex, inserted on the margin of the disk, erect and becoming reflexive at anthesis; anthers ovoid, brown when mature, dorsifixed, dehiscing longitudinally; disk intrastaminal,
<quantity id="4CCFB5ADFFBDFF8EFB7E5B2BFA9F37C5" box="[1279,1345,878,905]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
in diam., pentagonal, green, blackened when dry, margin slightly undulate; gynoecium 2-carpellate, ovary fused to disk, style evident, stigma simple.
<emphasis id="B943C45AFFBDFF8EFE175BF2FE0E379C" box="[406,464,951,976]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">Fruit</emphasis>
a loculicidal capsule, 25–35 ×
<quantity id="4CCFB5ADFFBDFF8EFCB35BF3FC70379D" box="[818,942,950,977]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" unit="mm" value="21.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="18.0">18–25 mm</quantity>
, obovoid to narrowly-obovoid or ovate, base cuneate to narrowly-cuneate, apex rounded, style not persistent, pericarp coriaceous, ca.
<quantity id="4CCFB5ADFFBDFF8EFB0E5B9FFAC437B9" box="[1167,1306,986,1013]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" unit="mm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="0.8">0.8–1.2 mm</quantity>
thick, green when unripe, light-green to yellowish when ripe and brown when dry, opening by 2 valves; seeds 1–2(–3), 1.8–2.5 × 1.0–
<quantity id="4CCFB5ADFFBDFF8EFF3B5C67FECE3071" box="[186,272,1058,1085]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
, oblong to ellipsoid, ridged, with 6–14 conspicuous ridges, evenly arranged in the longitudinal, completely surrounded by a sweet white aril, maturing brown to black, glossy when dry.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B881848FFBDFF8EFF3C5C2FFC5830C9" blockId="1.[136,1452,338,1985]" box="[189,902,1130,1157]" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">Phenology. Flowering in February; fruiting in February to May.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B881848FFBDFF8EFF3C5CCBFB9E3081" blockId="1.[136,1452,338,1985]" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">Etymology. The specific epithet of this species is a reference to the uncommon morphology of the seeds, with multiple longitudinal ridges, a unique feature among the known species of the genus.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B881848FFBDFF8EFF3C5C93FC5F3158" blockId="1.[136,1452,338,1985]" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">
Distribution and habitat.
<taxonomicName id="4C3763CBFFBDFF8EFE595C93FD2630BC" box="[472,760,1238,1264]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Celastraceae" genus="Monteverdia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Celastrales" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multicostata">
<emphasis id="B943C45AFFBDFF8EFE595C93FD2630BC" box="[472,760,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">Monteverdia multicostata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in the lowland wet forests of
<collectingRegion id="49F3D6AAFFBDFF8EFB1C5C93FB2D30BC" box="[1181,1267,1238,1264]" country="Ecuador" name="Manabi" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">Manabí</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="49F3D6AAFFBDFF8EFAAB5C93FA7530BC" box="[1322,1451,1238,1264]" country="Ecuador" name="Esmeraldas" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">Esmeraldas</collectingRegion>
provinces, in northwestern
<collectingCountry id="F32058D8FFBDFF8EFE385CBFFDC83158" box="[441,534,1274,1300]" name="Ecuador" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
from
<quantity id="4CCFB5ADFFBDFF8EFDDA5CBFFD313159" box="[603,751,1274,1301]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" unit="m" value="400.0" valueMax="600.0" valueMin="200.0">200 to 600 m</quantity>
in elevation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B881848FFBDFF8EFF3C5D5BFC993174" blockId="1.[136,1452,338,1985]" box="[189,839,1310,1337]" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">
Vernacular name: Carne de pardis (tinamou) (
<emphasis id="B943C45AFFBDFF8EFD3E5D5BFC993174" box="[703,839,1310,1336]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">Clark 4848)</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B881848FFBDFF8EFF3C5D07FCFA3185" blockId="1.[136,1452,338,1985]" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">
Biological interactions and uses. The sweet aril is eaten by: humans, howler monkeys,
<taxonomicName id="4C3763CBFFBDFF8EFB165D07FA893110" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1849" box="[1175,1367,1346,1372]" class="Mammalia" family="Atelidae" genus="Alouatta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palliata">
<emphasis id="B943C45AFFBDFF8EFB165D07FA893110" box="[1175,1367,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">Alouatta palliata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; spider monkeys,
<taxonomicName id="4C3763CBFFBDFF8EFE805D23FE6731CC" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1866" box="[257,441,1382,1408]" class="Mammalia" family="Atelidae" genus="Ateles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fusciceps">
<emphasis id="B943C45AFFBDFF8EFE805D23FE6731CC" box="[257,441,1382,1408]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">Ateles fusciceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; machín,
<taxonomicName id="4C3763CBFFBDFF8EFDB35D23FCDB31CC" box="[562,773,1382,1408]" class="Mammalia" family="Cebidae" genus="Cebus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capuchinus">
<emphasis id="B943C45AFFBDFF8EFDB35D23FCDB31CC" box="[562,773,1382,1408]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">Cebus capuchinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; cusumbo,
<taxonomicName id="4C3763CBFFBDFF8EFC105D22FBFF31CC" baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[913,1057,1382,1408]" class="Mammalia" family="Procyonidae" genus="Potos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavus">
<emphasis id="B943C45AFFBDFF8EFC105D22FBFF31CC" box="[913,1057,1382,1408]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">Potos flavus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; and large birds such as toucans (
<taxonomicName id="4C3763CBFFBDFF8EFF0E5DCFFEE131E9" authorityName="Vigors" authorityYear="1825" box="[143,319,1418,1445]" class="Aves" family="Rhamphastidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Rhamphastidae</taxonomicName>
) from the
<typeStatus id="548CA6EAFFBDFF8EFE365DCEFE3931E9" box="[439,487,1419,1445]" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">type</typeStatus>
locality (Anelio Loor pers. comm.). The recorded vernacular name (
<emphasis id="B943C45AFFBDFF8EFB6F5DCEFAEB31E8" box="[1262,1333,1419,1444]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">op. cit</emphasis>
.) suggests that the aril of fruits is also eaten by tinamou (
<taxonomicName id="4C3763CBFFBDFF8EFD0F5DEAFCC83185" box="[654,790,1455,1481]" class="Aves" family="Tinamidae" genus="Tinamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tinamiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B943C45AFFBDFF8EFD0F5DEAFD333184" box="[654,749,1455,1480]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">Tinamus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B881848FFBDFF8EFF3C5D97FC453214" blockId="1.[136,1452,338,1985]" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">
Conservation status. The conservation status of Endangered is recommended for
<taxonomicName id="4C3763CBFFBDFF8EFBC15D97FA8031A0" box="[1088,1374,1490,1516]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Celastraceae" genus="Monteverdia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Celastrales" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multicostata">
<emphasis id="B943C45AFFBDFF8EFBC15D97FA8031A0" box="[1088,1374,1490,1516]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">Monteverdia multicostata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, based on the
<bibRefCitation id="EFA665B9FFBDFF8EFF505DB3FEB8325C" author="IUCN" box="[209,358,1526,1552]" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" refId="ref3640" refString="IUCN (2012) IUCN red list categories and criteria: Version 3: 1., second edition. Prepared by the IUCN Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland. Available from: https: // portals. iucn. org / library / node / 10315 (accessed March 2020)" type="url" year="2012">IUCN (2012)</bibRefCitation>
criteria (
<collectionCode id="ED26808DFFBDFF8EFE465DB3FE30325C" box="[455,494,1526,1552]" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">EN</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="ED26808DFFBDFF8EFE755DB3FDD6325D" box="[500,520,1526,1553]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" type="Herbarium">B</collectionCode>
1ab[iii]). Ongoing deforestation in northwestern
<collectingCountry id="F32058D8FFBDFF8EFBA15DB3FBA3325C" box="[1056,1149,1526,1552]" name="Ecuador" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
is leading to fragmentation and degradation of habitat with small forest patches becoming extinct.
<taxonomicName id="4C3763CBFFBDFF8EFC175E5FFB6A3278" box="[918,1204,1562,1588]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Celastraceae" genus="Monteverdia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Celastrales" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multicostata">
<emphasis id="B943C45AFFBDFF8EFC175E5FFB6A3278" box="[918,1204,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">Monteverdia multicostata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has not been recorded within the National System of Protected Areas of the country (
<collectionCode id="ED26808DFFBDFF8EFCC35E7BFC4E3214" box="[834,912,1598,1624]" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">PANE</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B881848FFBDFF8EFF3C5E26FAD63340" blockId="1.[136,1452,338,1985]" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">
Notes. The new species is easily characterized by the multi-ridged seeds. This feature is unique within all known species of
<taxonomicName id="4C3763CBFFBDFF8EFF7E5EC3FE5332EC" authorityName="A. Richard" authorityYear="1845" box="[255,397,1670,1696]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Celastraceae" genus="Monteverdia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Celastrales" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B943C45AFFBDFF8EFF7E5EC3FE5332EC" box="[255,397,1670,1696]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">Monteverdia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with all other known species possessing smooth to slightly rugose seeds. The large fruits are also distinct. Only one other species in the genus,
<taxonomicName id="4C3763CBFFBDFF8EFD425EEEFB653288" authority="(Biral &amp; Lombardi 2016: 99) Biral" authorityName="Biral" baseAuthorityName="Biral &amp; Lombardi" baseAuthorityPageNumber="99" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[707,1211,1706,1732]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Celastraceae" genus="Monteverdia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Celastrales" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fugax">
<emphasis id="B943C45AFFBDFF8EFD425EEEFCF93288" box="[707,807,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">M. fugax</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA665B9FFBDFF8EFCB65EEFFBAC3288" author="Biral, L. &amp; Lombardi, J. A." box="[823,1138,1706,1732]" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" pagination="97 - 100" refId="ref3421" refString="Biral, L. &amp; Lombardi, J. A. (2016) New synonyms and lectotypifications in the genus Maytenus (Celastroideae, Celastraceae) and a new name for the illegitimate Maytenus nemorosa from Brazil. Phytotaxa 261 (1): 97 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 261.1.7" type="journal article" year="2016">Biral &amp; Lombardi 2016: 99</bibRefCitation>
) Biral
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="EFA665B9FFBDFF8EFB605EEFFF6032A5" author="Biral, L. &amp; Simmons, M. P. &amp; Smidt, E. C. &amp; Tembrock, L. &amp; Bolson, M. &amp; Archer, R. H. &amp; Lombardi, J. A." pageId="1" pageNumber="184" pagination="680 - 693" refId="ref3482" refString="Biral, L., Simmons, M. P., Smidt, E. C., Tembrock, L., Bolson, M., Archer, R. H. &amp; Lombardi, J. A. (2017) Systematics of the New World Maytenus (Celastraceae) and a new delimitation of the genus. Systematic Botany 42 (4): 680 - 693. https: // doi. org / 10.1600 / 036364417 X 696456" type="journal article" year="2017">
Biral
<emphasis id="B943C45AFFBDFF8EFAA05EEEFA843288" box="[1313,1370,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">et al.</emphasis>
(2017: 688)
</bibRefCitation>
, has fruits of similarly large dimensions, however,
<taxonomicName id="4C3763CBFFBDFF8EFC835E8AFCB832A4" authorityName="Biral" baseAuthorityName="Biral &amp; Lombardi" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[770,870,1742,1768]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Celastraceae" genus="Monteverdia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Celastrales" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fugax">
<emphasis id="B943C45AFFBDFF8EFC835E8AFCB832A4" box="[770,870,1742,1768]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">M. fugax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest and produces reduced cymes, rather than the fasciculate inflorescences found in most
<taxonomicName id="4C3763CBFFBDFF8EFB9B5EB7FAD63340" box="[1050,1288,1778,1804]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Celastraceae" genus="Monteverdia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Celastrales" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B943C45AFFBDFF8EFB9B5EB7FB763340" box="[1050,1192,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">Monteverdia</emphasis>
species.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B881848FFBDFF8EFF3C5F53FD98338C" blockId="1.[136,1452,338,1985]" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">
<materialsCitation id="3B5F1215FFBDFF8EFF3C5F53FC13337C" box="[189,973,1814,1840]" country="Ecuador" location="Esmeraldas" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Esmeraldas" typeStatus="paratype">
Additional specimens examined (
<typeStatus id="548CA6EAFFBDFF8EFDAE5F53FD7C337C" box="[559,674,1814,1840]" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
):
<collectingCountry id="F32058D8FFBDFF8EFD325F53FCE0337C" box="[691,830,1814,1840]" name="Ecuador" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="49F3D6AAFFBDFF8EFCC65F53FC13337C" box="[839,973,1814,1840]" country="Ecuador" name="Esmeraldas" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">Esmeraldas</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
:
<materialsCitation id="3B5F1215FFBDFF8EFC545F53FD9C338C" collectingDate="1995-04-02" collectingDateMax="1998-03-20" collectingDateMin="1995-04-02" collectionCode="W, MO, QCNE, C, F" collectorName="Clark &amp; Troya &amp; Pallis" country="United States of America" county="Quininde. Bilsa Biological Station. Mache mountains" location="Santa Isabel. Forest" municipality="Quininde" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCounty id="62E960C4FFBDFF8EFC545F53FEDE3318" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">Quinindé. Bilsa Biological Station. Mache mountains</collectingCounty>
,
<quantity id="4CCFB5ADFFBDFF8EFE8D5F7FFE8B3318" box="[268,341,1850,1877]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" unit="km" value="35.0">35 km</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED26808DFFBDFF8EFEDC5F7EFEA93319" box="[349,375,1851,1877]" country="Austria" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" name="Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" type="Herbarium">W</collectionCode>
of
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEC8232FFBDFF8EFE215F7FFDD53318" box="[416,523,1850,1876]" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">Quinindé</collectingMunicipality>
,
<quantity id="4CCFB5ADFFBDFF8EFD995F7FFD8D3318" box="[536,595,1850,1877]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED26808DFFBDFF8EFDDA5F7EFDAB3319" box="[603,629,1851,1877]" country="Austria" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" name="Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" type="Herbarium">W</collectionCode>
of
<location id="8EE84E93FFBDFF8EFD1C5F7FFCA33319" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039EA95EFFBDFF8EFF0958DBFD98338C:8EE84E93FFBDFF8EFD1C5F7FFCA33319" box="[669,893,1850,1877]" country="United States of America" county="Quininde. Bilsa Biological Station. Mache mountains" municipality="Quininde" name="Santa Isabel. Forest" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">Santa Isabel. Forest</location>
along
<location id="8EE84E93FFBDFF8EFC4C5F7FFBC03318" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039EA95EFFBDFF8EFF0958DBFD98338C:8EE84E93FFBDFF8EFC4C5F7FFBC03318" box="[973,1054,1850,1876]" country="United States of America" county="Quininde. Bilsa Biological Station. Mache mountains" municipality="Quininde" name="Dogala" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">Dogala</location>
trail,
<date id="FF893E88FFBDFF8EFBE25F7FFB293319" box="[1123,1271,1850,1877]" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" value="1995-04-02">
<collectingDate id="EFCDC760FFBDFF8EFBE25F7FFB293319" box="[1123,1271,1850,1877]" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" value="1995-04-02">2 April 1995</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B943C45AFFBDFF8EFA855F7FFF6C3334" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">
<collectorName id="26C27D9EFFBDFF8EFA855F7FFA9A3318" box="[1284,1348,1850,1876]" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">Clark</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26C27D9EFFBDFF8EFAEA5F7EFA753318" box="[1387,1451,1851,1876]" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">Troya</collectorName>
568
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED26808DFFBDFF8EFF435F1BFF2D3334" box="[194,243,1886,1912]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15859" name="Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" type="Herbarium">MO</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED26808DFFBDFF8EFF7E5F1BFE903334" box="[255,334,1886,1912]" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13634" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13634" name="Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" type="Herbarium">QCNE</collectionCode>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32058D8FFBDFF8EFEDA5F1BFEA13334" box="[347,383,1886,1912]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">US</collectingCountry>
[two sheets]); Ibidem,
<quantity id="4CCFB5ADFFBDFF8EFD065F1BFD1F3334" box="[647,705,1886,1913]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED26808DFFBDFF8EFD495F1AFD3C3335" box="[712,738,1887,1913]" country="Austria" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" name="Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" type="Herbarium">W</collectionCode>
of
<location id="8EE84E93FFBDFF8EFC885F1BFC003334" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039EA95EFFBDFF8EFF0958DBFD98338C:8EE84E93FFBDFF8EFC885F1BFC003334" box="[777,990,1886,1912]" country="United States of America" county="Quininde. Bilsa Biological Station. Mache mountains" municipality="Quininde" name="Santa Isabel. Third" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">Santa Isabel. Third</location>
lot
<collectionCode id="ED26808DFFBDFF8EFB8D5F1AFBF83335" box="[1036,1062,1887,1913]" country="Austria" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" name="Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" type="Herbarium">W</collectionCode>
of
<location id="8EE84E93FFBDFF8EFBCC5F1BFB423334" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039EA95EFFBDFF8EFF0958DBFD98338C:8EE84E93FFBDFF8EFBCC5F1BFB423334" box="[1101,1180,1886,1912]" country="United States of America" county="Quininde. Bilsa Biological Station. Mache mountains" municipality="Quininde" name="Station" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">Station</location>
following road towards Piedrita,
<date id="FF893E88FFBDFF8EFF6D5FC7FE5F33D1" box="[236,385,1922,1949]" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" value="1995-05-13">
<collectingDate id="EFCDC760FFBDFF8EFF6D5FC7FE5F33D1" box="[236,385,1922,1949]" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" value="1995-05-13">13 May 1995</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B943C45AFFBDFF8EFE0A5FC7FDE333D0" box="[395,573,1922,1949]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">
Clark &amp;
<collectionCode id="ED26808DFFBDFF8EFE6D5FC6FDDC33D1" box="[492,514,1923,1949]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
. Watt
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED26808DFFBDFF8EFDCA5FC7FD8233D0" box="[587,604,1922,1948]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15707" name="Field Museum of Natural History, Botany Department" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" type="Herbarium">F</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED26808DFFBDFF8EFDE75FC7FD4833D0" box="[614,662,1922,1948]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15859" name="Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" type="Herbarium">MO</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED26808DFFBDFF8EFD215FC7FD3133D0" box="[672,751,1922,1948]" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13634" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13634" name="Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" type="Herbarium">QCNE</collectionCode>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32058D8FFBDFF8EFD785FC7FCC333D0" box="[761,797,1922,1948]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">US</collectingCountry>
[two sheets]); Ibid.,
<quantity id="4CCFB5ADFFBDFF8EFB815FC7FB9833D0" box="[1024,1094,1922,1949]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" unit="km" value="35.0">35 km</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED26808DFFBDFF8EFBCA5FC6FBBB33D1" box="[1099,1125,1923,1949]" country="Austria" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" name="Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" type="Herbarium">W</collectionCode>
of
<location id="8EE84E93FFBDFF8EFB065FC7FB2C33D0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039EA95EFFBDFF8EFF0958DBFD98338C:8EE84E93FFBDFF8EFB065FC7FB2C33D0" box="[1159,1266,1922,1948]" country="United States of America" county="Quininde. Bilsa Biological Station. Mache mountains" municipality="Quininde" name="Quininde" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">Quinindé</location>
,
<date id="FF893E88FFBDFF8EFB7D5FC7FA7933D0" box="[1276,1447,1922,1948]" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" value="1998-03-20">
<collectingDate id="EFCDC760FFBDFF8EFB7D5FC7FA7933D0" box="[1276,1447,1922,1948]" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" value="1998-03-20">20 March 1998</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B943C45AFFBDFF8EFF095FE3FEB2338C" box="[136,364,1958,1985]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">
<collectorName id="26C27D9EFFBDFF8EFF095FE3FF16338C" box="[136,200,1958,1984]" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">Clark</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26C27D9EFFBDFF8EFF6D5FE3FEF3338C" box="[236,301,1958,1984]" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">Pallis</collectorName>
4848
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED26808DFFBDFF8EFEFA5FE3FE72338C" box="[379,428,1958,1984]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15859" name="Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" type="Herbarium">MO</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED26808DFFBDFF8EFE365FE3FDD8338C" box="[439,518,1958,1984]" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13634" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13634" name="Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="1" pageNumber="184" type="Herbarium">QCNE</collectionCode>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32058D8FFBDFF8EFD935FE3FDE4338C" box="[530,570,1958,1984]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="184">US</collectingCountry>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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