treatments-xml/data/03/8F/F8/038FF87B8C59FFD88112A37CCFDF92F9.xml

<document id="98063B57F12E27110BA27B93F3E471DD" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2020.600" ID-GBIF-Dataset="89ad98bf-c070-4f7d-8b85-fa67a52f0996" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3637773" ID-ZooBank="A0FAB2BB-5CEF-42CB-9014-41655BC12D79" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1580885958890" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Stöhr, Sabine, Weber, Alexandra Anh-Thu, Boissin, Emilie &amp; Chenuil, Anne" docDate="2020" docId="038FF87B8C59FFD88112A37CCFDF92F9" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-600_stoehr_weber_boissin.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 600" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Ophioderma africana Stöhr &amp; Weber &amp; Boissin &amp; Chenuil 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="64021157-EA56-449B-9BCB-FD02F10CC67F" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="22" masterDocId="FFB680038C4BFFCD8374A277CE10947B" masterDocTitle="Resolving the Ophioderma longicauda (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) cryptic species complex: five sisters, three of them new" masterLastPageNumber="37" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1734115990787" updateUser="valdenar" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="65A912F02D04C1EC0C220C3CB6B23456">Resolving the Ophioderma longicauda (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) cryptic species complex: five sisters, three of them new</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="22FC99AD3CAD18828E35862843B7575E">Stöhr, Sabine</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="377AD2DD1C6769A8B248D3ECBF06865E">Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Zoology, Frescativägen 40, S- 10405 Stockholm, Sweden.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5E6E3CB2F970C6582038EA509E7EA6F5">Weber, Alexandra Anh-Thu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BE2DF70C3C4796E2733A7537CEC6CDB2">Marine invertebrates, Museum Victoria, GPO Box 666, Melbourne VIC 3001, Australia &amp; IFREMER, Centre de Bretagne, REM / EEP, Laboratoire Environnement Profond, 29280 Plouzané, France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5C12D0A8A971AF09ABBC2E61DAD2631E">Boissin, Emilie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2DE3A4EA1F69D37A24672807DE39DF83">PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="889F937892238A99546586D892511235" type="email">emilie.boissin@univ-perp.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="45A2A6C8C8CF259E8006A713598ACF0A">Chenuil, Anne</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="29469AC86D31AC05B05A078D3D80AE39">Aix-Marseille Université, Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE) - CNRS - IRD - UAPV, Station Marine d’Endoume, Chemin de la Batterie des Lions, F- 13007 Marseille, France.</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="038FF87B8C59FFD88112A37CCFDF92F9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3638051" ID-GBIF-Taxon="161944091" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3638051" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:64021157-EA56-449B-9BCB-FD02F10CC67F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038FF87B8C59FFD88112A37CCFDF92F9" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" scope_family="Ophiodermatidae" scope_order="Ophiacanthida" scope_phylum="Echinodermata" scope_subOrder="Ophiodermatina">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2632EE8C59FFDF8112A37CCD7C955E" authority="Stöhr &amp; Weber &amp; Boissin &amp; Chenuil, 2020" authorityName="Stöhr &amp; Weber &amp; Boissin &amp; Chenuil" authorityYear="2020" box="[614,876,267,294]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="africana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B952957F8C59FFDF8112A37CCD7C955E" bold="true" box="[614,876,267,294]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ophioderma africana</emphasis>
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<figureCitation id="131D55E88C59FFDF81C4A324CD099516" box="[688,793,339,365]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="19.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionStartId-1="20.[189,232,1754,1780]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1398,797,1888]" captionTargetBox-1="[206,1382,654,1714]" captionTargetId-0="figure@19.[189,1398,797,1888]" captionTargetId-1="figure@20.[206,1382,654,1714]" captionTargetPageId-0="19" captionTargetPageId-1="20" captionText-0="Fig. 7. Ophioderma africana sp. nov., digital images. A–G. Holotype (SMNH-Type-7484). A. Dorsal aspect. B. Dorsal disc. C. Ventral aspect. D–E. Two dorsal arms, note multiple dorsal arm plates on both. F. Ventral arm. G. Mouth. H. Some paratypes (SMNH-Type-7487)." captionText-1="Fig. 8. SEM images of skeletal elements of Ophioderma africana sp. nov., from paratype of 15.7 mm disc diameter (SMNH-Type-7486). A. Radial shield, external aspect. B. Radial shield, internal aspect. C. Scale-free part magnified from Fig. 8A, white arrowheads point to granule sockets and pores, white arrows point to larger peripheral pores. D. Dental plate fragments. E–F. Adradial genital plate, two opposite lateral aspects. G. Abradial genital plate. H. Oral plate, abradial face. I. Oral plate, adradial face, black arrows point to oral papillae sockets and pores. J. Arm vertebra, proximal face. K. Arm vertebra, distal face. L. Lateral arm plate, external face. M. Lateral arm plate, internal face. Abbreviations: dist = distal; dors = dorsal; prox = proximal; Sp = spurs; vent = ventral." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3637787" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3637789" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3637787/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3637789/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs 7–8</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="C6A47CD68C59FFDF8051A324CD939516" box="[805,899,339,365]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="6.[182,251,686,714]" captionTargetBox="[192,1907,832,1596]" captionText="Table 1. Key characters that distinguish the species of Ophioderma Müller &amp; Troschel, 1840 in the Mediterranean Sea, the Northeast and Tropical Atlantic Ocean, formerly included in a cryptic complex under the name O. longicauda (Bruzelius, 1805). For O. guineense Greeff, 1882, the highest numbers of arm spines are from the syntypes. DAP = dorsal arm plate." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5919E58C4DFFCB83C2A0D9CDE1976A" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" tableUuid="DF5919E58C4DFFCB83C2A0D9CDE1976A">Table 1</tableCitation>
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<subSubSection id="C33C1AE68C59FFDF83C9A3E2CF799630" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="diagnosis">
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<emphasis id="B952957F8C59FFDF83C9A3E2CF2695D4" bold="true" box="[189,310,405,431]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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Mostly single dorsal arm plates, but several plates on some joints, eight arm spines, eight oral papillae. Colour dark brown dorsally, ventral disc as dark, ventral arms lighter brown, black and white spots along distal edge of dorsal arm plates. Maximum size under 
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dd (
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dd if non-type material is considered).
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33C1AE68C59FFDF83C9A005CDA496C0" box="[189,948,626,700]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="etymology">
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<emphasis id="B952957F8C59FFDF83C9A005CF5496F7" bold="true" box="[189,324,626,652]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B99496D8C59FFDF83C9A0D6CDA496C0" blockId="18.[189,948,673,700]" box="[189,948,673,700]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">The species is named for its area of collection, off (West) Africa.</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33C1AE68C59FFDF83C9A094CC6E92D8" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="materials_examined">
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<emphasis id="B952957F8C59FFDF83C9A094CFBA9686" bold="true" box="[189,426,739,765]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B99496D8C59FFDF839EA164CFB297E3" blockId="18.[189,1399,787,920]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<materialsCitation id="3B4E43308C59FFDF839EA164CFB297E3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2563048053" collectingDate="2007-08-28" collectorName="H. Zibrowius" country="Senegal" elevation="10" location="Tacoma" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Dakar" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B952957F8C59FFDF839EA164CF4C9756" bold="true" box="[234,348,787,813]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<typeStatus id="549DF7CF8C59FFDF839EA164CF4C9756" box="[234,348,787,813]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
TROPICAL ATLANTIC OCEAN • 
<collectingCountry id="F33109FD8C59FFDF8103A141CCC7972B" box="[631,727,822,848]" name="Senegal" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Senegal</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49E2878F8C59FFDF8193A141CD21972B" box="[743,817,822,848]" country="Senegal" name="Dakar" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Dakar</collectingRegion>
, Gorée Island, shipwreck 
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; depth 
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; 
<date id="FF986FAD8C59FFDF83C9A12DCF4E970F" box="[189,350,858,885]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2007-08-28">
<collectingDate id="EFDC96458C59FFDF83C9A12DCF4E970F" box="[189,350,858,885]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2007-08-28">28 Aug. 2007</collectingDate>
</date>
; 
<collectorName id="26D32CBB8C59FFDF821EA12CCC16970F" box="[362,518,858,885]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<collectionCode id="ED37D1A88C59FFDF821EA12CCF93970E" box="[362,387,859,885]" country="Finland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15618" name="University of Helsinki" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Herbarium">H</collectionCode>
. Zibrowius
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leg.; scuba diving, hand collected; under stones; preserved in 95% ethanol; SMNH-Type-7484.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B99496D8C59FFDF839EA1B6CF7797A0" blockId="18.[189,1399,961,1382]" box="[234,359,961,987]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B952957F8C59FFDF839EA1B6CF7797A0" bold="true" box="[234,359,961,987]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<typeStatus id="549DF7CF8C59FFDF839EA1B6CF7797A0" box="[234,359,961,987]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B99496D8C59FFDF83C9A193CCCD911E" blockId="18.[189,1399,961,1382]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
TROPICAL ATLANTIC OCEAN • 
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<specimenCount id="9D2082E48C59FFDF810AA193CD329785" box="[638,802,996,1022]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="generic">22 specimens</specimenCount>
(6 sampled for both 
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and nuclear markers, mitochondrial 
<collectionCode id="ED37D1A88C59FFDF8219A67FCFB09059" box="[365,416,1032,1058]" country="Portugal" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14498" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14498" name="University of Coimbra Botany Department" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Herbarium">COI</collectionCode>
lineage 
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5, nuclear cluster 
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2); same data as for holotype; SMNH-Type-7485
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• 
<materialsCitation id="3B4E43308C59FFDF83C9A65BCF8A9011" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2563048050" collectingDate="2007-08-28" collectorName="H. Zibrowius" country="Senegal" elevation="10" location="Tacoma" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Dakar" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2082E48C59FFDF83C9A65BCF57903D" box="[189,327,1068,1094]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
, ossicles, 4 remaining arms, 2 SEM stubs with ossicles; same data as for holotype; dried; SMNH-Type-7486
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="3B4E43308C59FFDF82CAA627CB7190F5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2563048058" collectingDate="2007-08-28" collectorName="H. Zibrowius" country="Senegal" elevation="10" location="Tacoma" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="11" stateProvince="Dakar" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2082E48C59FFDF82CAA627CC719011" box="[446,609,1104,1130]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="generic">11 specimens</specimenCount>
(including a separate vial with eggs that were spawned during collection); same data as for holotype; initially in formalin, then 80% ethanol; SMNH-Type-7487
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="3B4E43308C59FFDF83C9A6EFCDCE9082" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2563048056" collectingDate="2007-09-06" collectorName="H. Zibrowius" country="Senegal" elevation="7" location="Cap Manuel" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="4" stateProvince="Dakar" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2082E48C59FFDF83C9A6EFCF5E90CA" box="[189,334,1175,1202]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
(2 used for both 
<collectionCode id="ED37D1A88C59FFDF8168A6EFCC5F90C9" box="[540,591,1176,1202]" country="Portugal" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14498" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14498" name="University of Coimbra Botany Department" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Herbarium">COI</collectionCode>
and nuclear markers, mitochondrial 
<collectionCode id="ED37D1A88C59FFDF8776A6EFCA2590C9" box="[1026,1077,1176,1202]" country="Portugal" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14498" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14498" name="University of Coimbra Botany Department" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Herbarium">COI</collectionCode>
lineage 
<collectionCode id="ED37D1A88C59FFDF87EEA6E0CABF90C9" box="[1178,1199,1175,1202]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
5, nuclear cluster 
<collectionCode id="ED37D1A88C59FFDF83C9A6CBCEC390AD" box="[189,211,1212,1238]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
2); 
<collectingCountry id="F33109FD8C59FFDF8388A6CCCF4C90AE" box="[252,348,1211,1237]" name="Senegal" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Senegal</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49E2878F8C59FFDF821FA6CCCFA590AE" box="[363,437,1211,1237]" country="Senegal" name="Dakar" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Dakar</collectingRegion>
, 
<location id="8EF91FB68C59FFDF82B0A6CBCC4B90AE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038FF87B8C59FFD88112A37CCFDF92F9:8EF91FB68C59FFDF82B0A6CBCC4B90AE" box="[452,603,1211,1238]" country="Senegal" name="Cap Manuel" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Dakar">Cap Manuel</location>
; depth 
<quantity id="4CDEE4888C59FFDF81C3A6CBCCFB90AD" box="[695,747,1212,1238]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="7.0">
<elevation id="000BAE5E8C59FFDF81C3A6CBCCFB90AD" box="[695,747,1212,1238]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="7.0">7 m</elevation>
</quantity>
; 
<date id="FF986FAD8C59FFDF818FA6CCCD8090AD" box="[763,912,1211,1238]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2007-09-06">
<collectingDate id="EFDC96458C59FFDF818FA6CCCD8090AD" box="[763,912,1211,1238]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2007-09-06">6 Sep. 2007</collectingDate>
</date>
; 
<collectorName id="26D32CBB8C59FFDF80D4A6CBCA5190AE" box="[928,1089,1211,1238]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<collectionCode id="ED37D1A88C59FFDF80D4A6CBCDA990AD" box="[928,953,1212,1238]" country="Finland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15618" name="University of Helsinki" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Herbarium">H</collectionCode>
. Zibrowius
</collectorName>
leg.; under stones; scuba diving, hand collected; preserved in 95% ethanol; SMNH-Type-7488
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="3B4E43308C59FFDF8087A6A8CCC8911E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2563048047" collectingDate="2007-09-09" collectorName="H. Zibrowius" country="Senegal" elevation="11" location="Madelene Islands" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="4" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2082E48C59FFDF8087A6A8CA929082" box="[1011,1154,1247,1273]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
(2 used for both 
<collectionCode id="ED37D1A88C59FFDF8630A6A8CB679082" box="[1348,1399,1247,1273]" country="Portugal" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14498" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14498" name="University of Coimbra Botany Department" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Herbarium">COI</collectionCode>
and nuclear markers, mitochondrial 
<collectionCode id="ED37D1A88C59FFDF811BA774CCB29166" box="[623,674,1283,1309]" country="Portugal" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14498" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14498" name="University of Coimbra Botany Department" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Herbarium">COI</collectionCode>
lineage 
<collectionCode id="ED37D1A88C59FFDF807DA774CD0E9165" box="[777,798,1283,1310]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
5, nuclear cluster 
<collectionCode id="ED37D1A88C59FFDF8086A774CA189166" box="[1010,1032,1283,1309]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
2); 
<collectingCountry id="F33109FD8C59FFDF8744A774CA809166" box="[1072,1168,1283,1309]" name="Senegal" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Senegal</collectingCountry>
, 
<location id="8EF91FB68C59FFDF87EAA774CB629166" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038FF87B8C59FFD88112A37CCFDF92F9:8EF91FB68C59FFDF87EAA774CB629166" box="[1182,1394,1283,1309]" country="Senegal" name="Madelene Islands" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Madelene Islands</location>
; depth 
<quantity id="4CDEE4888C59FFDF8273A750CF639139" box="[263,371,1319,1346]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="11.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="10.0">
<elevation id="000BAE5E8C59FFDF8273A750CF639139" box="[263,371,1319,1346]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="11.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="10.0">10–12 m</elevation>
</quantity>
; 
<date id="FF986FAD8C59FFDF82F4A750CC01913A" box="[384,529,1319,1345]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2007-09-09">
<collectingDate id="EFDC96458C59FFDF82F4A750CC01913A" box="[384,529,1319,1345]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2007-09-09">9 Sep. 2007</collectingDate>
</date>
; 
<collectorName id="26D32CBB8C59FFDF816BA75FCCAD913A" box="[543,701,1319,1346]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<collectionCode id="ED37D1A88C59FFDF816BA75FCC289139" box="[543,568,1320,1346]" country="Finland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15618" name="University of Helsinki" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Herbarium">H</collectionCode>
. Zibrowius
</collectorName>
leg.; among piled up rocks; scuba diving, hand collecting; preserved in 95% ethanol; SMNH-Type-9184
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B99496D8C59FFDF839EA7FACFB691DC" blockId="18.[189,1399,1421,1699]" box="[234,422,1421,1447]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B952957F8C59FFDF839EA7FACFB691DC" bold="true" box="[234,422,1421,1447]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Other material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B99496D8C59FFDF83C9A7C6CC6E92D8" blockId="18.[189,1399,1421,1699]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
TROPICAL ATLANTIC OCEAN • 
<materialsCitation id="3B4E43308C59FFDF811EA7C6CB72918B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2563048045" collectingDate="1952-02" collectingDateMax="1952-03-31" collectingDateMin="1952-02" collectionCode="NHMD" collectorName="Thorson" country="Senegal" elevation="18" location="Tiaroye" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCode="NHMD-225514" specimenCount="6">
<specimenCount id="9D2082E48C59FFDF811EA7C6CCEC91B0" box="[618,764,1457,1483]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="generic">6 specimens</specimenCount>
(labelled as 
<taxonomicName id="4C2632EE8C59FFDF80E0A7C6CA2D91B0" baseAuthorityName="Bruzelius" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[916,1085,1457,1483]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="longicauda">
<emphasis id="B952957F8C59FFDF80E0A7C6CDB991B0" box="[916,937,1457,1483]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">O</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B952957F8C59FFDF80CDA7C6CA2D91B0" box="[953,1085,1457,1483]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">longicauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); 
<collectingCountry id="F33109FD8C59FFDF872CA7C6CAA891B0" box="[1112,1208,1457,1483]" name="Senegal" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Senegal</collectingCountry>
, between Gorée and 
<location id="8EF91FB68C59FFDF8385A7A2CF5F9194" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038FF87B8C59FFD88112A37CCFDF92F9:8EF91FB68C59FFDF8385A7A2CF5F9194" box="[241,335,1493,1519]" country="Senegal" name="Tiaroye" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Tiaroye</location>
; depth 
<quantity id="4CDEE4888C59FFDF82DDA7A2CC079194" box="[425,535,1493,1520]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">
<elevation id="000BAE5E8C59FFDF82DDA7A2CC079194" box="[425,535,1493,1520]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">15–20 m</elevation>
</quantity>
; 
<date id="FF986FAD8C59FFDF8153A7A2CCF7918B" box="[551,743,1493,1520]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1952-02" valueMax="1952-03-31" valueMin="1952-02-00">
<collectingDate id="EFDC96458C59FFDF8153A7A2CCF7918B" box="[551,743,1493,1520]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1952-02" valueMax="1952-03-31" valueMin="1952-02-00">Feb.–Mar. 1952</collectingDate>
</date>
; 
<collectorName id="26D32CBB8C59FFDF8182A7A2CD489194" box="[758,856,1493,1519]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Thorson</collectorName>
leg.; preserved in ethanol; 
<specimenCode id="DB80E1168C59FFDF87D2A7A2CB72918B" box="[1190,1378,1493,1520]" collectionCode="NHMD-" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">NHMD-225514</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="3B4E43308C59FFDF83C9A78ECDE89268" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2563048054" box="[189,1016,1529,1555]" collectingDate="1928-01" collectionCode="NHMD" collectorName="H. Madsen" country="Senegal" location="Dakar" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCode="NHMD-225517" specimenCount="6" stateProvince="Dakar">
<specimenCount id="9D2082E48C59FFDF83C9A78ECF409268" box="[189,336,1529,1555]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="generic">6 specimens</specimenCount>
(labelled as 
<taxonomicName id="4C2632EE8C59FFDF829AA78ECC889268" baseAuthorityName="Bruzelius" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[494,664,1529,1555]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="longicauda">
<emphasis id="B952957F8C59FFDF829AA78ECC139268" box="[494,515,1529,1555]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">O</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B952957F8C59FFDF8160A78ECC889268" box="[532,664,1529,1555]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">longicauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); 
<collectingCountry id="F33109FD8C59FFDF81C0A78ECD049268" box="[692,788,1529,1555]" name="Senegal" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Senegal</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49E2878F8C59FFDF8057A78ECD7E9268" box="[803,878,1529,1555]" country="Senegal" name="Dakar" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Dakar</collectingRegion>
; 
<date id="FF986FAD8C59FFDF8009A78ECDE39268" box="[893,1011,1529,1555]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1928-01">
<collectingDate id="EFDC96458C59FFDF8009A78ECDE39268" box="[893,1011,1529,1555]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1928-01">Jan. 1928</collectingDate>
</date>
;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B4E43308C59FFDF8776A78ECC6B924C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2563048054" collectingDate="1928-01" collectionCode="NHMD" collectorName="H. Madsen" country="Senegal" location="Dakar" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCode="NHMD-225517" specimenCount="6" stateProvince="Dakar">
<collectingCountry id="F33109FD8C59FFDF8776A78ECA5B9268" box="[1026,1099,1529,1555]" name="Sudan" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Sudan</collectingCountry>
exped.; 
<collectorName id="26D32CBB8C59FFDF87C1A78ECB299268" box="[1205,1337,1529,1555]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<collectionCode id="ED37D1A88C59FFDF87C1A78ECADE9268" box="[1205,1230,1529,1555]" country="Finland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15618" name="University of Helsinki" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Herbarium">H</collectionCode>
. Madsen
</collectorName>
leg.; dried; partial sample; 
<specimenCode id="DB80E1168C59FFDF82B4A46BCC6B924C" box="[448,635,1564,1591]" collectionCode="NHMD-" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">NHMD-225517</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="3B4E43308C59FFDF81E1A46ACB679220" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2563048044" collectingDate="1928-01-06" collectionCode="NHMD" collectorName="H. Madsen &amp; O. Hagerup" country="Sudan" location="Dakar" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCode="NHMD-225523" specimenCount="10">
<specimenCount id="9D2082E48C59FFDF81E1A46ACD25924D" box="[661,821,1564,1591]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="generic">10 specimens</specimenCount>
(labelled as 
<taxonomicName id="4C2632EE8C59FFDF80B8A46ACA65924C" baseAuthorityName="Bruzelius" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[972,1141,1565,1591]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="longicauda">
<emphasis id="B952957F8C59FFDF80B8A46ACDF1924C" box="[972,993,1565,1591]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">O</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B952957F8C59FFDF8085A46ACA65924C" box="[1009,1141,1565,1591]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">longicauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); 
<location id="8EF91FB68C59FFDF87FBA46BCACA924D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038FF87B8C59FFD88112A37CCFDF92F9:8EF91FB68C59FFDF87FBA46BCACA924D" box="[1167,1242,1564,1590]" country="Sudan" name="Dakar" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Dakar</location>
; 
<date id="FF986FAD8C59FFDF8792A46BCB62924C" box="[1254,1394,1564,1591]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1928-01-06">
<collectingDate id="EFDC96458C59FFDF8792A46BCB62924C" box="[1254,1394,1564,1591]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1928-01-06">6 Jan. 1928</collectingDate>
</date>
; 
<collectingCountry id="F33109FD8C59FFDF83C9A437CF169221" box="[189,262,1600,1626]" name="Sudan" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Sudan</collectingCountry>
exped.; 
<collectorName id="26D32CBB8C59FFDF8219A436CFFF9221" box="[365,495,1600,1627]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<collectionCode id="ED37D1A88C59FFDF8219A436CF969220" box="[365,390,1601,1627]" country="Finland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15618" name="University of Helsinki" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Herbarium">H</collectionCode>
. Madsen
</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="26D32CBB8C59FFDF8162A436CCB09220" box="[534,672,1601,1627]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<collectionCode id="ED37D1A88C59FFDF8162A436CC3E9220" box="[534,558,1601,1627]" country="Norway" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13093" name="Botanical Museum - University of Oslo" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Herbarium">O</collectionCode>
. Hagerup
</collectorName>
leg.; preserved in in ethanol; partial sample; 
<specimenCode id="DB80E1168C59FFDF87CFA437CB679220" box="[1211,1399,1600,1627]" collectionCode="NHMD-" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">NHMD-225523</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="3B4E43308C59FFDF83A5A413CC6A92D8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2563048060" collectingDate="1928-01-03" collectionCode="NHMD" collectorName="H. Madsen" country="Senegal" location="Dakar" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCode="NHMD-225524" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Dakar">
<specimenCount id="9D2082E48C59FFDF83A5A413CF489205" box="[209,344,1636,1662]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
(labelled as 
<taxonomicName id="4C2632EE8C59FFDF8280A412CC8E9205" baseAuthorityName="Bruzelius" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[500,670,1636,1663]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="longicauda">
<emphasis id="B952957F8C59FFDF8280A412CC199204" box="[500,521,1637,1663]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">O</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B952957F8C59FFDF816EA413CC8E9205" box="[538,670,1636,1662]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">longicauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); 
<collectingCountry id="F33109FD8C59FFDF81CEA413CD0A9205" box="[698,794,1636,1662]" name="Senegal" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Senegal</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49E2878F8C59FFDF805CA413CD629205" box="[808,882,1636,1662]" country="Senegal" name="Dakar" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Dakar</collectingRegion>
, rocky coast; 
<date id="FF986FAD8C59FFDF876EA413CAB89205" box="[1050,1192,1636,1663]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1928-01-03">
<collectingDate id="EFDC96458C59FFDF876EA413CAB89205" box="[1050,1192,1636,1663]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1928-01-03">3 Jan. 1928</collectingDate>
</date>
; 
<collectorName id="26D32CBB8C59FFDF87C2A412CB2A9205" box="[1206,1338,1636,1663]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<collectionCode id="ED37D1A88C59FFDF87C2A412CADF9204" box="[1206,1231,1637,1663]" country="Finland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15618" name="University of Helsinki" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Herbarium">H</collectionCode>
. Madsen
</collectorName>
leg.; preserved in ethanol; 
<specimenCode id="DB80E1168C59FFDF82CEA4FFCC6A92D8" box="[442,634,1672,1699]" collectionCode="NHMD-" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">NHMD-225524</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33C1AE68C59FFD883C9A4BDCDB5914C" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B99496D8C59FFDF83C9A4BDCF5E929F" blockId="18.[189,334,1738,1764]" box="[189,334,1738,1764]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<heading id="D0D1FE018C59FFDF83C9A4BDCF5E929F" bold="true" box="[189,334,1738,1764]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B952957F8C59FFDF83C9A4BDCF5E929F" bold="true" box="[189,334,1738,1764]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B99496D8C59FFDF839EA48DCFAC936F" blockId="18.[189,1399,1785,2027]" box="[234,444,1785,1812]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B952957F8C59FFDF839EA48DCF4C936F" bold="true" box="[234,348,1786,1812]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<typeStatus id="549DF7CF8C59FFDF839EA48DCF4C936F" box="[234,348,1786,1812]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="131D55E88C59FFDF8218A48ECFA2936F" box="[364,434,1785,1812]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,797,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[189,1398,797,1888]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 7. Ophioderma africana sp. nov., digital images. A–G. Holotype (SMNH-Type-7484). A. Dorsal aspect. B. Dorsal disc. C. Ventral aspect. D–E. Two dorsal arms, note multiple dorsal arm plates on both. F. Ventral arm. G. Mouth. H. Some paratypes (SMNH-Type-7487)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3637787" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3637787/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B99496D8C59FFDE83C9A56ACA239654" blockId="18.[189,1399,1785,2027]" lastBlockId="19.[189,1399,267,560]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Disc diameter 
<quantity id="4CDEE4888C59FFDF821CA56ACFC39343" box="[360,467,1821,1848]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8699999999999999" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="18.7">18.7 mm</quantity>
, disc completely covered by small granules dorsally and ventrally (
<figureCitation id="131D55E88C59FFDF879CA56ACB3D934C" box="[1256,1325,1821,1847]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,797,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[189,1398,797,1888]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 7. Ophioderma africana sp. nov., digital images. A–G. Holotype (SMNH-Type-7484). A. Dorsal aspect. B. Dorsal disc. C. Ventral aspect. D–E. Two dorsal arms, note multiple dorsal arm plates on both. F. Ventral arm. G. Mouth. H. Some paratypes (SMNH-Type-7487)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3637787" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3637787/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
A–C), including the radial shields (
<figureCitation id="131D55E88C59FFDF816FA536CC6C9327" box="[539,636,1857,1884]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,797,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[189,1398,797,1888]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 7. Ophioderma africana sp. nov., digital images. A–G. Holotype (SMNH-Type-7484). A. Dorsal aspect. B. Dorsal disc. C. Ventral aspect. D–E. Two dorsal arms, note multiple dorsal arm plates on both. F. Ventral arm. G. Mouth. H. Some paratypes (SMNH-Type-7487)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3637787" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3637787/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
). Disc scales with granules crowding onto arm base, covering first dorsal arm plate except for a mid-distal portion, second plate also covered by scales and granules laterally (
<figureCitation id="131D55E88C59FFDF8246A5FECF6D93D8" box="[306,381,1929,1955]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,797,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[189,1398,797,1888]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 7. Ophioderma africana sp. nov., digital images. A–G. Holotype (SMNH-Type-7484). A. Dorsal aspect. B. Dorsal disc. C. Ventral aspect. D–E. Two dorsal arms, note multiple dorsal arm plates on both. F. Ventral arm. G. Mouth. H. Some paratypes (SMNH-Type-7487)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3637787" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3637787/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
D–E). Dorsal arm plates flat, 2.5 times as wide as long, with straight distal edge, contiguous, mostly single, but joints with two plates common (often unequal in size) (
<figureCitation id="131D55E88C59FFDF87D1A5DACAF993BC" box="[1189,1257,1965,1991]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,797,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[189,1398,797,1888]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 7. Ophioderma africana sp. nov., digital images. A–G. Holotype (SMNH-Type-7484). A. Dorsal aspect. B. Dorsal disc. C. Ventral aspect. D–E. Two dorsal arms, note multiple dorsal arm plates on both. F. Ventral arm. G. Mouth. H. Some paratypes (SMNH-Type-7487)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3637787" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3637787/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
D–E). Eight arm spines, ventralmost one thicker and slightly longer than others (
<figureCitation id="131D55E88C59FFDF8098A5A6CA579390" box="[1004,1095,2001,2027]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,797,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[189,1398,797,1888]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 7. Ophioderma africana sp. nov., digital images. A–G. Holotype (SMNH-Type-7484). A. Dorsal aspect. B. Dorsal disc. C. Ventral aspect. D–E. Two dorsal arms, note multiple dorsal arm plates on both. F. Ventral arm. G. Mouth. H. Some paratypes (SMNH-Type-7487)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3637787" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3637787/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 7F</figureCitation>
). Ventral disc covered by granules similar to dorsal disc. Eight conical oral papillae, Lyman’s ossicle and adoral shield spines hardly distinguishable (
<figureCitation id="131D55E88C58FFDE82A7A346CC229530" box="[467,562,305,331]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,797,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[189,1398,797,1888]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 7. Ophioderma africana sp. nov., digital images. A–G. Holotype (SMNH-Type-7484). A. Dorsal aspect. B. Dorsal disc. C. Ventral aspect. D–E. Two dorsal arms, note multiple dorsal arm plates on both. F. Ventral arm. G. Mouth. H. Some paratypes (SMNH-Type-7487)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3637787" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3637787/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 7G</figureCitation>
). Two larger tooth papillae at jaw tips in line with oral papillae, blocklike teeth. Oral shields rounded triangular, slightly wider than long, madreporite slightly wider than other oral shields and with central round depression. Adoral shield long, narrow, extending around the lateral edge of the oral shield, separating it from the arm. Adoral shields covered with granules, similar to disc in size. Proximal genital slits about one joint long, distal slits about three joints long (
<figureCitation id="131D55E88C58FFDE867FA3BECB79959F" box="[1291,1385,457,484]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,797,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[189,1398,797,1888]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 7. Ophioderma africana sp. nov., digital images. A–G. Holotype (SMNH-Type-7484). A. Dorsal aspect. B. Dorsal disc. C. Ventral aspect. D–E. Two dorsal arms, note multiple dorsal arm plates on both. F. Ventral arm. G. Mouth. H. Some paratypes (SMNH-Type-7487)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3637787" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3637787/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
). Ventral arm plates contiguous, as wide as long, with wide proximal angle, convex distal edge (
<figureCitation id="131D55E88C58FFDE8664A398CB799671" box="[1296,1385,495,522]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,797,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[189,1398,797,1888]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 7. Ophioderma africana sp. nov., digital images. A–G. Holotype (SMNH-Type-7484). A. Dorsal aspect. B. Dorsal disc. C. Ventral aspect. D–E. Two dorsal arms, note multiple dorsal arm plates on both. F. Ventral arm. G. Mouth. H. Some paratypes (SMNH-Type-7487)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3637787" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3637787/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 7F</figureCitation>
). Two oval scale-like tentacle scales, superimposed on the ventralmost spine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B99496D8C58FFDE83C9A02DCDEC96BB" blockId="19.[189,1398,602,704]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Disc dark brown dorsally, with some lighter brown patches. Dorsal arms dark brown, distally lighter and banded. Dorsal arm plates with small light brown and black dots along distal edge. Ventral disc as dark as dorsal, oral frame and ventral arms light orange brown (
<figureCitation id="131D55E88C58FFDE801AA0D1CDFE96BB" box="[878,1006,678,704]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,797,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[189,1398,797,1888]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 7. Ophioderma africana sp. nov., digital images. A–G. Holotype (SMNH-Type-7484). A. Dorsal aspect. B. Dorsal disc. C. Ventral aspect. D–E. Two dorsal arms, note multiple dorsal arm plates on both. F. Ventral arm. G. Mouth. H. Some paratypes (SMNH-Type-7487)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3637787" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3637787/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 7A, C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5919E58C58FFDE83C9A5FDCDC89390" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3637787" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3637787" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3637787/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" startId="19.[189,232,1930,1956]" targetBox="[189,1398,797,1888]" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph id="8B99496D8C58FFDE83C9A5FDCDC89390" blockId="19.[189,1399,1930,2027]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B952957F8C58FFDE83C9A5FDCF1C93DF" bold="true" box="[189,268,1930,1956]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2632EE8C58FFDE8261A5FDCC0593DF" authority="Stöhr &amp; Weber &amp; Boissin &amp; Chenuil, 2020" authorityName="Stöhr &amp; Weber &amp; Boissin &amp; Chenuil" authorityYear="2020" box="[277,533,1930,1956]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="africana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B952957F8C58FFDE8261A5FDCC0593DF" box="[277,533,1930,1956]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Ophioderma africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26128048C58FFDE816AA5FCCC6D93DE" box="[542,637,1931,1957]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, digital images. 
<emphasis id="B952957F8C58FFDE8035A5FDCD6C93DF" bold="true" box="[833,892,1930,1957]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A–G</emphasis>
. Holotype (SMNH-Type-7484). 
<emphasis id="B952957F8C58FFDE8677A5FDCB0893DF" bold="true" box="[1283,1304,1930,1956]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A</emphasis>
. Dorsal aspect. 
<emphasis id="B952957F8C58FFDE8260A5D9CF3893B3" bold="true" box="[276,296,1966,1992]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">B</emphasis>
. Dorsal disc. 
<emphasis id="B952957F8C58FFDE82B2A5DACFCB93BC" bold="true" box="[454,475,1965,1991]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C</emphasis>
. Ventral aspect. 
<emphasis id="B952957F8C58FFDE81EDA5D9CCC193B3" bold="true" box="[665,721,1966,1992]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">D–E</emphasis>
. Two dorsal arms, note multiple dorsal arm plates on both. 
<emphasis id="B952957F8C58FFDE83C9A5A6CEDF9390" bold="true" box="[189,207,2001,2027]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">F</emphasis>
. Ventral arm. 
<emphasis id="B952957F8C58FFDE8201A5A7CF9C9391" bold="true" box="[373,396,2000,2026]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">G</emphasis>
. Mouth. 
<emphasis id="B952957F8C58FFDE828CA5A6CC1F9390" bold="true" box="[504,527,2001,2027]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">H</emphasis>
. Some paratypes (SMNH-Type-7487).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B99496D8C5FFFD9839EA37CCF77955E" blockId="20.[189,1399,267,472]" box="[234,359,267,293]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B952957F8C5FFFD9839EA37CCF77955E" bold="true" box="[234,359,267,293]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<typeStatus id="549DF7CF8C5FFFD9839EA37CCF77955E" box="[234,359,267,293]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B99496D8C5FFFD983C9A358CA3795A3" blockId="20.[189,1399,267,472]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Size range 
<quantity id="4CDEE4888C5FFFD98232A358CFCE9532" box="[326,478,303,329]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.52" metricValueMax="1.8399999999999999" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="15.2" valueMax="18.4" valueMin="12.0">12–18.4 mm</quantity>
dd. The specimens have dark brown to almost black dorsal discs (on some individuals with lighter patches), arms with dark and lighter bands. Ventral discs as dark as dorsal, oral frames and ventral arms lighter brown (
<figureCitation id="131D55E88C5FFFD981ECA301CCE795EA" box="[664,759,374,401]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,797,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[189,1398,797,1888]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 7. Ophioderma africana sp. nov., digital images. A–G. Holotype (SMNH-Type-7484). A. Dorsal aspect. B. Dorsal disc. C. Ventral aspect. D–E. Two dorsal arms, note multiple dorsal arm plates on both. F. Ventral arm. G. Mouth. H. Some paratypes (SMNH-Type-7487)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3637787" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3637787/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 7H</figureCitation>
). Individuals with small light spots on the disc occur. Most specimens with black dots on the distal edge of the dorsal plates, but some without. Dorsal arm plates are mostly single, but most arms with several joints with two plates.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B99496D8C5FFFD9839EA077CC329661" blockId="20.[189,1399,512,610]" box="[234,546,512,538]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B952957F8C5FFFD9839EA077CFD29661" bold="true" box="[234,450,512,538]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Skeletal elements</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="131D55E88C5FFFD982A6A077CC089661" box="[466,536,512,538]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1754,1780]" captionTargetBox="[206,1382,654,1714]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[206,1382,654,1714]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 8. SEM images of skeletal elements of Ophioderma africana sp. nov., from paratype of 15.7 mm disc diameter (SMNH-Type-7486). A. Radial shield, external aspect. B. Radial shield, internal aspect. C. Scale-free part magnified from Fig. 8A, white arrowheads point to granule sockets and pores, white arrows point to larger peripheral pores. D. Dental plate fragments. E–F. Adradial genital plate, two opposite lateral aspects. G. Abradial genital plate. H. Oral plate, abradial face. I. Oral plate, adradial face, black arrows point to oral papillae sockets and pores. J. Arm vertebra, proximal face. K. Arm vertebra, distal face. L. Lateral arm plate, external face. M. Lateral arm plate, internal face. Abbreviations: dist = distal; dors = dorsal; prox = proximal; Sp = spurs; vent = ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3637789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3637789/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B99496D8C5FFFD883C9A053CB6797CB" blockId="20.[189,1399,512,610]" lastBlockId="21.[189,1399,267,944]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
From specimen of 
<quantity id="4CDEE4888C5FFFD982D1A054CC029645" box="[421,530,547,574]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5699999999999998" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="15.7">15.7 mm</quantity>
dd (SMNH-Type-7486) with mostly single dorsal arm plates but some small additional plates on few joints. Seven oral papillae, all similar except Lyman’s ossicle. Up to eight arm spines. Radial shields isosceles triangular with deeply concave abradial edge and abradial distal processes, distal center domed with small pores (the domed part is not covered by scales but with granules in the intact animal, all other areas are covered by scales) (
<figureCitation id="131D55E88C5EFFD88011A324CDF49515" box="[869,996,339,366]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1754,1780]" captionTargetBox="[206,1382,654,1714]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[206,1382,654,1714]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 8. SEM images of skeletal elements of Ophioderma africana sp. nov., from paratype of 15.7 mm disc diameter (SMNH-Type-7486). A. Radial shield, external aspect. B. Radial shield, internal aspect. C. Scale-free part magnified from Fig. 8A, white arrowheads point to granule sockets and pores, white arrows point to larger peripheral pores. D. Dental plate fragments. E–F. Adradial genital plate, two opposite lateral aspects. G. Abradial genital plate. H. Oral plate, abradial face. I. Oral plate, adradial face, black arrows point to oral papillae sockets and pores. J. Arm vertebra, proximal face. K. Arm vertebra, distal face. L. Lateral arm plate, external face. M. Lateral arm plate, internal face. Abbreviations: dist = distal; dors = dorsal; prox = proximal; Sp = spurs; vent = ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3637789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3637789/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 8A, C</figureCitation>
). Inner side of radial shield, on the distal articulation surfaces, two larger oval depressions and a smaller round one between these (
<figureCitation id="131D55E88C5EFFD88679A30FCB7895E9" box="[1293,1384,376,402]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1754,1780]" captionTargetBox="[206,1382,654,1714]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[206,1382,654,1714]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 8. SEM images of skeletal elements of Ophioderma africana sp. nov., from paratype of 15.7 mm disc diameter (SMNH-Type-7486). A. Radial shield, external aspect. B. Radial shield, internal aspect. C. Scale-free part magnified from Fig. 8A, white arrowheads point to granule sockets and pores, white arrows point to larger peripheral pores. D. Dental plate fragments. E–F. Adradial genital plate, two opposite lateral aspects. G. Abradial genital plate. H. Oral plate, abradial face. I. Oral plate, adradial face, black arrows point to oral papillae sockets and pores. J. Arm vertebra, proximal face. K. Arm vertebra, distal face. L. Lateral arm plate, external face. M. Lateral arm plate, internal face. Abbreviations: dist = distal; dors = dorsal; prox = proximal; Sp = spurs; vent = ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3637789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3637789/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
). Dental plate consists of several pieces with non-perforating sockets for 2–3 tooth papillae and single wide teeth, granule pores not obvious (
<figureCitation id="131D55E88C5EFFD8810BA3B7CCCD95A1" box="[639,733,448,474]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1754,1780]" captionTargetBox="[206,1382,654,1714]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[206,1382,654,1714]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 8. SEM images of skeletal elements of Ophioderma africana sp. nov., from paratype of 15.7 mm disc diameter (SMNH-Type-7486). A. Radial shield, external aspect. B. Radial shield, internal aspect. C. Scale-free part magnified from Fig. 8A, white arrowheads point to granule sockets and pores, white arrows point to larger peripheral pores. D. Dental plate fragments. E–F. Adradial genital plate, two opposite lateral aspects. G. Abradial genital plate. H. Oral plate, abradial face. I. Oral plate, adradial face, black arrows point to oral papillae sockets and pores. J. Arm vertebra, proximal face. K. Arm vertebra, distal face. L. Lateral arm plate, external face. M. Lateral arm plate, internal face. Abbreviations: dist = distal; dors = dorsal; prox = proximal; Sp = spurs; vent = ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3637789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3637789/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 8D</figureCitation>
). Adradial genital plate blade-like flat with bulbous distal end and large pore, distal pit with knob on one side, two distal depressions on other side (
<figureCitation id="131D55E88C5EFFD8879AA393CB239585" box="[1262,1331,484,510]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1754,1780]" captionTargetBox="[206,1382,654,1714]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[206,1382,654,1714]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 8. SEM images of skeletal elements of Ophioderma africana sp. nov., from paratype of 15.7 mm disc diameter (SMNH-Type-7486). A. Radial shield, external aspect. B. Radial shield, internal aspect. C. Scale-free part magnified from Fig. 8A, white arrowheads point to granule sockets and pores, white arrows point to larger peripheral pores. D. Dental plate fragments. E–F. Adradial genital plate, two opposite lateral aspects. G. Abradial genital plate. H. Oral plate, abradial face. I. Oral plate, adradial face, black arrows point to oral papillae sockets and pores. J. Arm vertebra, proximal face. K. Arm vertebra, distal face. L. Lateral arm plate, external face. M. Lateral arm plate, internal face. Abbreviations: dist = distal; dors = dorsal; prox = proximal; Sp = spurs; vent = ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3637789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3637789/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
E–F). Abradial genital plate much smaller and scale-like flat, distally wider than proximally (
<figureCitation id="131D55E88C5EFFD887B8A07FCB3C9659" box="[1228,1324,520,546]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1754,1780]" captionTargetBox="[206,1382,654,1714]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[206,1382,654,1714]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 8. SEM images of skeletal elements of Ophioderma africana sp. nov., from paratype of 15.7 mm disc diameter (SMNH-Type-7486). A. Radial shield, external aspect. B. Radial shield, internal aspect. C. Scale-free part magnified from Fig. 8A, white arrowheads point to granule sockets and pores, white arrows point to larger peripheral pores. D. Dental plate fragments. E–F. Adradial genital plate, two opposite lateral aspects. G. Abradial genital plate. H. Oral plate, abradial face. I. Oral plate, adradial face, black arrows point to oral papillae sockets and pores. J. Arm vertebra, proximal face. K. Arm vertebra, distal face. L. Lateral arm plate, external face. M. Lateral arm plate, internal face. Abbreviations: dist = distal; dors = dorsal; prox = proximal; Sp = spurs; vent = ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3637789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3637789/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 8G</figureCitation>
). Oral plates longer than high, middle part slightly lower than ends, adradially with four oral papilla pores on ventral edge of proximal part, small granule pores at ventral edge (
<figureCitation id="131D55E88C5EFFD880B3A027CA099610" box="[967,1049,592,619]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1754,1780]" captionTargetBox="[206,1382,654,1714]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[206,1382,654,1714]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 8. SEM images of skeletal elements of Ophioderma africana sp. nov., from paratype of 15.7 mm disc diameter (SMNH-Type-7486). A. Radial shield, external aspect. B. Radial shield, internal aspect. C. Scale-free part magnified from Fig. 8A, white arrowheads point to granule sockets and pores, white arrows point to larger peripheral pores. D. Dental plate fragments. E–F. Adradial genital plate, two opposite lateral aspects. G. Abradial genital plate. H. Oral plate, abradial face. I. Oral plate, adradial face, black arrows point to oral papillae sockets and pores. J. Arm vertebra, proximal face. K. Arm vertebra, distal face. L. Lateral arm plate, external face. M. Lateral arm plate, internal face. Abbreviations: dist = distal; dors = dorsal; prox = proximal; Sp = spurs; vent = ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3637789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3637789/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 8I</figureCitation>
). Adradial distal muscle fossa wide ventrally, tapering dorsalwards, shorter than plate height, articulation area slightly higher than wide (
<figureCitation id="131D55E88C5EFFD88272A0EECF7496C8" box="[262,356,665,691]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1754,1780]" captionTargetBox="[206,1382,654,1714]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[206,1382,654,1714]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 8. SEM images of skeletal elements of Ophioderma africana sp. nov., from paratype of 15.7 mm disc diameter (SMNH-Type-7486). A. Radial shield, external aspect. B. Radial shield, internal aspect. C. Scale-free part magnified from Fig. 8A, white arrowheads point to granule sockets and pores, white arrows point to larger peripheral pores. D. Dental plate fragments. E–F. Adradial genital plate, two opposite lateral aspects. G. Abradial genital plate. H. Oral plate, abradial face. I. Oral plate, adradial face, black arrows point to oral papillae sockets and pores. J. Arm vertebra, proximal face. K. Arm vertebra, distal face. L. Lateral arm plate, external face. M. Lateral arm plate, internal face. Abbreviations: dist = distal; dors = dorsal; prox = proximal; Sp = spurs; vent = ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3637789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3637789/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 8H</figureCitation>
). Suture line diagonally across oral plate mid-line, separated easily during preparation on several jaws. Vertebrae typically zygospondylus, with large dorsal and small ventral muscle flanges, no growth rings obvious (
<figureCitation id="131D55E88C5EFFD882B3A096CC1B9680" box="[455,523,737,763]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1754,1780]" captionTargetBox="[206,1382,654,1714]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[206,1382,654,1714]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 8. SEM images of skeletal elements of Ophioderma africana sp. nov., from paratype of 15.7 mm disc diameter (SMNH-Type-7486). A. Radial shield, external aspect. B. Radial shield, internal aspect. C. Scale-free part magnified from Fig. 8A, white arrowheads point to granule sockets and pores, white arrows point to larger peripheral pores. D. Dental plate fragments. E–F. Adradial genital plate, two opposite lateral aspects. G. Abradial genital plate. H. Oral plate, abradial face. I. Oral plate, adradial face, black arrows point to oral papillae sockets and pores. J. Arm vertebra, proximal face. K. Arm vertebra, distal face. L. Lateral arm plate, external face. M. Lateral arm plate, internal face. Abbreviations: dist = distal; dors = dorsal; prox = proximal; Sp = spurs; vent = ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3637789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3637789/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
J–K). Lateral arm plates compact, weakly curved around the arm, strongly convex distally, concave proximally, with ventral excavation for tube foot opening (
<figureCitation id="131D55E88C5EFFD887D3A172CAFD9764" box="[1191,1261,773,799]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1754,1780]" captionTargetBox="[206,1382,654,1714]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[206,1382,654,1714]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 8. SEM images of skeletal elements of Ophioderma africana sp. nov., from paratype of 15.7 mm disc diameter (SMNH-Type-7486). A. Radial shield, external aspect. B. Radial shield, internal aspect. C. Scale-free part magnified from Fig. 8A, white arrowheads point to granule sockets and pores, white arrows point to larger peripheral pores. D. Dental plate fragments. E–F. Adradial genital plate, two opposite lateral aspects. G. Abradial genital plate. H. Oral plate, abradial face. I. Oral plate, adradial face, black arrows point to oral papillae sockets and pores. J. Arm vertebra, proximal face. K. Arm vertebra, distal face. L. Lateral arm plate, external face. M. Lateral arm plate, internal face. Abbreviations: dist = distal; dors = dorsal; prox = proximal; Sp = spurs; vent = ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3637789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3637789/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
L–M). Two spurs at proximal external edge and counterparts on internal distal edge of lateral arm plates. Internal lateral arm plate with vertical row of three pores just below the plate centre, fourth pore in tentacle opening edge, bent vertical proximal ridge and small ventral knob, protruding beyond plate edge. Spine articulations inset in the distal plate edge with one thickened lobe, separating muscle and nerve opening.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5919E58C5FFFD983C9A4ADCDAA9390" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3637789" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3637789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3637789/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" startId="20.[189,232,1754,1780]" targetBox="[206,1382,654,1714]" targetPageId="20">
<paragraph id="8B99496D8C5FFFD983C9A4ADCDAA9390" blockId="20.[189,1399,1754,2027]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B952957F8C5FFFD983C9A4ADCF1B928F" bold="true" box="[189,267,1754,1780]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 8.</emphasis>
SEM images of skeletal elements of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2632EE8C5FFFD981BDA4ADCDD9928F" authority="Stöhr &amp; Weber &amp; Boissin &amp; Chenuil, 2020" authorityName="Stöhr &amp; Weber &amp; Boissin &amp; Chenuil" authorityYear="2020" box="[713,969,1754,1780]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="africana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B952957F8C5FFFD981BDA4ADCDD9928F" box="[713,969,1754,1780]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Ophioderma africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26128048C5FFFD980A6A4ACCA20928E" box="[978,1072,1755,1781]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, from paratype of 15.7 mm disc diameter (SMNH-Type-7486). 
<emphasis id="B952957F8C5FFFD98111A48ACC6A936C" bold="true" box="[613,634,1789,1815]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A</emphasis>
. Radial shield, external aspect. 
<emphasis id="B952957F8C5FFFD98081A489CA199363" bold="true" box="[1013,1033,1790,1816]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">B</emphasis>
. Radial shield, internal aspect. 
<emphasis id="B952957F8C5FFFD983C9A557CEC29341" bold="true" box="[189,210,1824,1850]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">C</emphasis>
. Scale-free part magnified from Fig. 8A, white arrowheads point to granule sockets and pores, white arrows point to larger peripheral pores. 
<emphasis id="B952957F8C5FFFD981D7A533CCA89325" bold="true" box="[675,696,1860,1886]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">D</emphasis>
. Dental plate fragments. 
<emphasis id="B952957F8C5FFFD9809AA533CA339325" bold="true" box="[1006,1059,1860,1886]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">E–F</emphasis>
. Adradial genital plate, two opposite lateral aspects. 
<emphasis id="B952957F8C5FFFD982A2A510CFFD93FA" bold="true" box="[470,493,1895,1921]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">G</emphasis>
. Abradial genital plate. 
<emphasis id="B952957F8C5FFFD9818BA510CD0693FA" bold="true" box="[767,790,1895,1921]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">H</emphasis>
. Oral plate, abradial face. 
<emphasis id="B952957F8C5FFFD98737A510CA5E93FA" bold="true" box="[1091,1102,1895,1921]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">I</emphasis>
. Oral plate, adradial face, black arrows point to oral papillae sockets and pores. 
<emphasis id="B952957F8C5FFFD98041A5FDCD5493DF" bold="true" box="[821,836,1930,1956]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">J</emphasis>
. Arm vertebra, proximal face. 
<emphasis id="B952957F8C5FFFD987DAA5FDCAD593DF" bold="true" box="[1198,1221,1930,1956]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">K</emphasis>
. Arm vertebra, distal face. 
<emphasis id="B952957F8C5FFFD98237A5D9CF4793B3" bold="true" box="[323,343,1966,1992]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">L</emphasis>
. Lateral arm plate, external face. 
<emphasis id="B952957F8C5FFFD98194A5D9CCEC93B3" bold="true" box="[736,764,1966,1992]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">M</emphasis>
. Lateral arm plate, internal face. Abbreviations: dist = distal; dors = dorsal; prox = proximal; Sp = spurs; vent = ventral.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B99496D8C5EFFD8839EA1AFCFAB9789" blockId="21.[189,1399,984,1336]" box="[234,443,984,1010]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B952957F8C5EFFD8839EA1AFCFAB9789" bold="true" box="[234,443,984,1010]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Other specimens</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B99496D8C5EFFD883C9A18BCDB5914C" blockId="21.[189,1399,984,1336]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
The specimens from NHMD possess mostly single dorsal arm plates, on few joints there are more than one and some specimens have on the most proximal joints a mosaic of slightly tumid plates. Some specimens have naked radial shields. They have 7–9 oral papillae, among which the adoral shield spine and Lyman’s ossicle are sometimes obvious, differing in shape from the other papillae. They are uniformly dark brown or variegated dark, on both dorsal and ventral sides. They range in size between 19 and 
<quantity id="4CDEE4888C5EFFD88263A6C6CF7C90B0" box="[279,364,1201,1227]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="26.0">26 mm</quantity>
dd and are assigned to 
<taxonomicName id="4C2632EE8C5EFFD881FEA6C6CD0390B0" authority="Stöhr &amp; Weber &amp; Boissin &amp; Chenuil, 2020" authorityName="Stöhr &amp; Weber &amp; Boissin &amp; Chenuil" authorityYear="2020" box="[650,787,1201,1227]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="africana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B952957F8C5EFFD881FEA6C6CC8F90B0" box="[650,671,1201,1227]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">O</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B952957F8C5EFFD881C4A6C6CD0390B0" box="[688,787,1201,1227]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26128048C5EFFD88069A6C6CD6990B0" box="[797,889,1201,1227]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
mostly by colour pattern and exclusion of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2632EE8C5EFFD883C9A6A2CF769094" baseAuthorityName="Bruzelius" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[189,358,1237,1263]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="longicauda">
<emphasis id="B952957F8C5EFFD883C9A6A2CEC29094" box="[189,210,1237,1263]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">O</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B952957F8C5EFFD88396A6A2CF769094" box="[226,358,1237,1263]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">longicauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from off West Africa. The specimen NHMD-225524, which measures only 
<quantity id="4CDEE4888C5EFFD8879BA6A2CB5A9094" box="[1263,1354,1237,1264]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="5.7">5.7 mm</quantity>
dd, has a light brown dorsal pattern with faint spots, a cream white ventral surface, and single dorsal arm plates, similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C2632EE8C5EFFD882F3A769CC30914C" authorityName="Greeff" authorityYear="1882" box="[391,544,1310,1336]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="guineense">
<emphasis id="B952957F8C5EFFD882F3A769CF8C9143" box="[391,412,1310,1336]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">O</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B952957F8C5EFFD882DFA769CC30914C" box="[427,544,1310,1335]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">guineense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and is reassigned to that species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33C1AE68C5EFFD883C9A717CFDF92F9" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B99496D8C5EFFD883C9A717CF3F9101" blockId="21.[189,303,1376,1402]" box="[189,303,1376,1402]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<heading id="D0D1FE018C5EFFD883C9A717CF3F9101" bold="true" box="[189,303,1376,1402]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B952957F8C5EFFD883C9A717CF3F9101" bold="true" box="[189,303,1376,1402]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B99496D8C5EFFD883C9A7F8CFDF92F9" blockId="21.[189,1399,1423,1666]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="4C2632EE8C5EFFD883C9A7F8CFAD91D2" authority="Stöhr &amp; Weber &amp; Boissin &amp; Chenuil, 2020" authorityName="Stöhr &amp; Weber &amp; Boissin &amp; Chenuil" authorityYear="2020" box="[189,445,1423,1449]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="africana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B952957F8C5EFFD883C9A7F8CFAD91D2" box="[189,445,1423,1449]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Ophioderma africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26128048C5EFFD882B2A7E7CC3291D1" box="[454,546,1424,1450]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
shares the dark colour on both sides of the disc with 
<taxonomicName id="4C2632EE8C5EFFD887D6A7E7CB5B91D2" baseAuthorityName="Bruzelius" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[1186,1355,1423,1450]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="longicauda">
<emphasis id="B952957F8C5EFFD887D6A7E7CAA791D1" box="[1186,1207,1424,1450]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">O</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B952957F8C5EFFD887B3A7F8CB5B91D2" box="[1223,1355,1423,1449]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">longicauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, its spine numbers fall within the variability of both 
<taxonomicName id="4C2632EE8C5EFFD88079A7C3CDA891B6" baseAuthorityName="Bruzelius" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[781,952,1459,1486]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="longicauda">
<emphasis id="B952957F8C5EFFD88079A7C3CD3291B5" box="[781,802,1460,1486]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">O</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B952957F8C5EFFD88040A7C4CDA891B6" box="[820,952,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">longicauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2632EE8C5EFFD88082A7C3CA8291B6" authorityName="Greeff" authorityYear="1882" box="[1014,1170,1460,1486]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="guineense">
<emphasis id="B952957F8C5EFFD88082A7C3CA1B91B5" box="[1014,1035,1460,1486]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">O</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B952957F8C5EFFD88769A7C3CA8291B6" box="[1053,1170,1460,1485]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">guineense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it has as few oral papillae as 
<taxonomicName id="4C2632EE8C5EFFD88230A7AFCFFE918A" baseAuthorityName="Bruzelius" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[324,494,1495,1522]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="longicauda">
<emphasis id="B952957F8C5EFFD88230A7AFCF499189" box="[324,345,1496,1522]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">O</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B952957F8C5EFFD8821EA7A0CFFE918A" box="[362,494,1495,1521]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">longicauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<tableCitation id="C6A47CD68C5EFFD8828BA7A0CC49918A" box="[511,601,1495,1521]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="6.[182,251,686,714]" captionTargetBox="[192,1907,832,1596]" captionText="Table 1. Key characters that distinguish the species of Ophioderma Müller &amp; Troschel, 1840 in the Mediterranean Sea, the Northeast and Tropical Atlantic Ocean, formerly included in a cryptic complex under the name O. longicauda (Bruzelius, 1805). For O. guineense Greeff, 1882, the highest numbers of arm spines are from the syntypes. DAP = dorsal arm plate." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5919E58C4DFFCB83C2A0D9CDE1976A" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" tableUuid="DF5919E58C4DFFCB83C2A0D9CDE1976A">Table 1</tableCitation>
). These characters are however variable and small specimens may be difficult to identify. Nuclear and mitochondrial data were distinct from 
<taxonomicName id="4C2632EE8C5EFFD88744A78BCAC9926E" baseAuthorityName="Bruzelius" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[1072,1241,1531,1558]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="longicauda">
<emphasis id="B952957F8C5EFFD88744A78BCA55926D" box="[1072,1093,1532,1558]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">O</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B952957F8C5EFFD88721A78CCAC9926E" box="[1109,1241,1531,1557]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">longicauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and all other clusters found (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB7349C8C5EFFD8820DA468CC4A9241" author="Weber" box="[377,602,1567,1594]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Weber" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="138 - 148" part="131" refId="ref19641" refString="Weber A. A. - T., Stohr S. &amp; Chenuil A. 2019. Species delimitation in the presence of strong incomplete lineage sorting and hybridization: lessons from Ophioderma (Ophiuroidea: Echinodermata). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 131: 138 - 148. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2018.11.014" title="Species delimitation in the presence of strong incomplete lineage sorting and hybridization: lessons from Ophioderma (Ophiuroidea: Echinodermata)" type="journal article" year="2019">
Weber 
<emphasis id="B952957F8C5EFFD882A6A457CC009241" box="[466,528,1568,1594]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
), placing 
<taxonomicName id="4C2632EE8C5EFFD881A0A457CD4E9241" authority="Stöhr &amp; Weber &amp; Boissin &amp; Chenuil, 2020" authorityName="Stöhr &amp; Weber &amp; Boissin &amp; Chenuil" authorityYear="2020" box="[724,862,1568,1594]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="africana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B952957F8C5EFFD881A0A457CCF99241" box="[724,745,1568,1594]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">O</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B952957F8C5EFFD8818FA457CD4E9241" box="[763,862,1568,1594]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26128048C5EFFD8801EA457CDD89241" box="[874,968,1568,1594]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in cluster C2 and COI lineage L5. Some of the animals started spawning during collecting, which indicates that the species is a broadcast spawner, not a brooder.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>