299 lines
40 KiB
XML
299 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document id="2CC9CBF6581C65F3B6D33CEB24B660E8" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.1414.1.1" ID-ISSN="11755334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5077005" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1625624770600" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="THANDAR, AHMED S." docDate="2007" docId="038E87BBFFBBFFA3D0A18C6AC6B3B992" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01414p062.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1414 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1414.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleId="C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Protankyra autopista" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="56" masterDocId="FFB7FFC3FF8EFF94D0368D25C713B858" masterDocTitle="Additions to the aspidochirotid, molpadid and apodid holothuroids (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the east coast of southern Africa, with descriptions of new species" masterLastPageNumber="62" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="54" updateTime="1698992838850" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="DEF665F1A2624E39F8C2AF81E33B17C8">Additions to the aspidochirotid, molpadid and apodid holothuroids (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the east coast of southern Africa, with descriptions of new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="0CEBCA97A966A77E92E1AF94C13B487A" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="B0FFA6EC7D3B7FB6FAC609280CFF9CD0">THANDAR, AHMED S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C39F27F92C302EF1D064CA859588EB15">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="73A0FB214B24EB53C2B7ECA320F082CB">
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<mods:date id="D3449F705A8B9EEAF91FD5D28D4B4D02">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="AAC1DD496D419F6ED910107A90EC4973">2007-03-01</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="C594BF12BB6FD5332865849089A398A4" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="54700572BB1719D1FA4FF560AE3DA463">1414</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="DA6CB603D75EFA8C7C175E844FA0D2DE">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1414.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="0A3F14915879D4713CD3AD66C8E37966" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.1414.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F101F644F01B51C89C790B5F98BB12D7" type="ISSN">11755334</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038E87BBFFBBFFA3D0A18C6AC6B3B992" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5077263" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5077263" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E87BBFFBBFFA3D0A18C6AC6B3B992" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038E87BBFFBBFFA3D0A18C6AC6B3B992" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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<subSubSection id="C33D6526FFBBFFA1D0A18C6AC59DB931" box="[151,654,335,361]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9836ADFFBBFFA1D0A18C6AC59DB931" blockId="53.[151,654,335,396]" box="[151,654,335,361]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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<heading id="D0D081C1FFBBFFA1D0A18C6AC59DB931" bold="true" box="[151,654,335,361]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D2EFFBBFFA1D0A18C6AC59DB931" ID-CoL="4MZT2" authority="(Marenzeller, 1882)" baseAuthorityName="Marenzeller" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[151,654,335,361]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synaptidae" genus="Protankyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="autopista">
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<emphasis id="B953EABFFFBBFFA1D0A18C6AC59DB931" bold="true" box="[151,654,335,361]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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<emphasis id="B953EABFFFBBFFA1D0A18C6AC687B931" bold="true" box="[151,404,335,361]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Protankyra autopista</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFFBBFFA1D1928C6AC595B931" author="Marenzeller, E. von" box="[420,646,335,361]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="121 - 140" refId="ref29983" refString="Marenzeller, E. von (1882) Neue Holothurien von Japan and China. Verhandlungen. Zoologische-Botanisch Gesselschaft in Wien, 31, 121 - 140, pls. 4, 5." type="book chapter" year="1882">Marenzeller, 1882</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33D6526FFBBFFA1D0A18C57C644B9D4" box="[151,343,370,396]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9836ADFFBBFFA1D0A18C57C644B9D4" blockId="53.[151,654,335,396]" box="[151,343,370,396]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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<figureCitation id="131C2A28FFBBFFA1D0A18C57C614B9D4" box="[151,263,370,396]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="54.[151,255,1884,1908]" captionTargetBox="[233,1353,271,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-155@54.[220,1375,267,1862]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURE 25. (A–F) Protankyra autopista (Marenzeller, 1881). SAM–A27950. A. anchors from body wall; B. anchor plates from body wall; C. miliary granules from longitudinal muscle; D. buttons from body wall; E. rods from tentacle tip; F. rods and granules from tentacle stalk. (G–M) Protankyra sp. SAM-A27951. G. anchor from anterior body wall; H. military granules from longitudinal muscle; I. anchor plate; J. ciliary urns; K. rods from anterior body wall; L. enlargement of anchor stocks; M. enlargement of anchor arms. (A–F & H scale a; G & I scale b; L & M scale c; K scale d)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5077065" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5077065/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figure 25</figureCitation>
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(A–F)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33D6526FFBBFFA1D0A18C9DC41BBA57" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9836ADFFBBFFA1D0A18C9DC5F0B997" blockId="53.[151,1436,440,527]" box="[151,739,440,463]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB371183FFBBFFA1D0A18C9DC5F0B997" box="[151,739,440,463]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8610BCFFBBFFA1D0A18C9DC542B997" author="Marenzeller, E. von" box="[151,593,440,463]" page="123" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" year="1882">
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D2EFFBBFFA1D0A18C9DC542B997" ID-CoL="53TV4" authority="Marenzeller, 1882: 123" authorityName="Marenzeller" authorityPageNumber="123" authorityYear="1882" box="[151,593,440,463]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synaptidae" genus="Synapta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="autopista">
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<emphasis id="B953EABFFFBBFFA1D0A18C9DC645B997" box="[151,342,440,463]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Synapta autopista</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFFBBFFA1D16B8C9DC542B997" author="Marenzeller, E. von" box="[349,593,440,463]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="121 - 140" refId="ref29983" refString="Marenzeller, E. von (1882) Neue Holothurien von Japan and China. Verhandlungen. Zoologische-Botanisch Gesselschaft in Wien, 31, 121 - 140, pls. 4, 5." type="book chapter" year="1882">Marenzeller, 1882:123</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. IV, fig. 3.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9836ADFFBBFFA1D0A18CFDC41BBA57" blockId="53.[151,1436,440,527]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB371183FFBBFFA1D0A18CFDC41BBA57" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8610BCFFBBFFA1D0A18CFDC56FB9B7" author="Clark, H. L." box="[151,636,472,495]" page="103" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" year="1907">
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D2EFFBBFFA1D0A18CFDC56FB9B7" ID-CoL="4MZT2" authority="H. L. Clark, 1907: 103" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityPageNumber="103" authorityYear="1907" box="[151,636,472,495]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synaptidae" genus="Protankyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="autopista">
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<emphasis id="B953EABFFFBBFFA1D0A18CFDC66DB9B7" box="[151,382,472,495]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Protankyra autopista</emphasis>
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H.L.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFFBBFFA1D1F18CFDC56FB9B7" author="Clark, H. L." box="[455,636,472,495]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 231" refId="ref29083" refString="Clark, H. L. (1907) The apodous holothurians. A monograph of the Synaptidae and Molpadiidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, 35, 1 - 231, pls. 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1907">Clark, 1907:103</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. V, fig. 31;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8610BCFFBBFFA1D3008CFDC31CB9B7" author="Ohshima, H." box="[822,1039,472,495]" page="505" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" year="1913">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFFBBFFA1D3008CFDC31CB9B7" author="Ohshima, H." box="[822,1039,472,495]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="253 - 262" refId="ref30180" refString="Ohshima, H. (1913) Synaptiden von Misaki. Zoological Magazine, Tokyo, 25, 253 - 262." type="journal article" year="1913">Ohshima, 1913:505</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 6; 1914:505, fig. 6;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8610BCFFBBFFA1D5708CFDC63DBA57" author="Heding, S. G." page="264" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" year="1928">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFFBBFFA1D5708CFDC63DBA57" author="Heding, S. G." pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="105 - 323" refId="ref29497" refString="Heding, S. G. (1928) Synaptidae. Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1924 - 1916. Videnskabelige Meddellelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i Kobenhaven, 85, 105 - 323, 69 text-figs., pls 2 - 3." type="journal article" year="1928">Heding, 1928:264</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, fig. 49, 1–6;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8610BCFFBBFFA1D1F48CDDC58CBA57" author="Cherbonnier, G." box="[450,671,504,527]" page="3" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" year="1968">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFFBBFFA1D1F48CDDC58CBA57" author="Cherbonnier, G." box="[450,671,504,527]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="3 - 5" refId="ref28803" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1968) Sur la presence d'holothuries diverses et, en particulier, de l'holothurie apode Protankyra autopista Marenzeller, en Mer Rouge. Bulletin Sea Fisheries Research Station, Haifa, 51, 3 - 5." type="journal article" year="1968">Cherbonnier, 1968:3</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, fig. a–w.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C33D6526FFBBFFA3D0A18F10C6B3B992" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8B9836ADFFBBFFA1D0A18F10C696BA2F" blockId="53.[151,389,565,631]" box="[151,389,565,631]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B4F3CF0FFBBFFA1D0A18F10C691BA2F" box="[151,386,565,631]" location="Not" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="North" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B953EABFFFBBFFA1D0A18F10C7C3BA16" box="[151,208,565,590]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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<typeStatus id="549C880FFFBBFFA1D0A18F10C7C3BA16" box="[151,208,565,590]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Type</typeStatus>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
<collectingRegion id="49E3F84FFFBBFFA1D0F08F78C7E1BA2F" box="[198,242,605,631]" country="Cameroon" name="North" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Not</collectingRegion>
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determined
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</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B9836ADFFBBFFA1D0A18F8DC6A7BAB2" blockId="53.[151,436,680,746]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B4F3CF0FFBBFFA1D0A18F8DC6A3BAB2" country="Japan" location="Bay of Miya" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B953EABFFFBBFFA1D0A18F8DC63EBA99" box="[151,301,680,705]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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<typeStatus id="549C880FFFBBFFA1D0A18F8DC7DDBA99" box="[151,206,680,705]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Type</typeStatus>
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locality
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</emphasis>
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<location id="8EF86076FFBBFFA1D0F08FF5C64EBAB2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E87BBFFBBFFA3D0A18C6AC6B3B992:8EF86076FFBBFFA1D0F08FF5C64EBAB2" box="[198,349,720,746]" country="Japan" name="Bay of Miya" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Bay of Miya</location>
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,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F330763DFFBBFFA1D15F8FF5C6A3BAB2" box="[361,432,720,746]" name="Japan" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Japan</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B9836ADFFBBFFA1D0A18E30C616BB0F" blockId="53.[151,542,789,855]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFFBBFFA1D0A18E30C50DBB76" box="[151,542,789,814]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Previous southern African record</emphasis>
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||
None
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9836ADFFBBFFA1D0A18EA7C666BBC3" blockId="53.[151,1436,898,1004]" box="[151,373,898,923]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFFBBFFA1D0A18EA7C666BBC3" box="[151,373,898,923]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B9836ADFFBBFFA1D0F08E8FC6B7BBB4" blockId="53.[151,1436,898,1004]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B4F3CF0FFBBFFA1D0F08E8FC56BBB9C" box="[198,632,938,964]" collectionCode="SAM-A" location="Sodwana Bay" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" specimenCode="SAM-A27950" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB819ED6FFBBFFA1D0F08E8FC662BB9C" box="[198,369,938,964]" collectionCode="SAM-A" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">SAM-A27950</specimenCode>
|
||
, S.E. of
|
||
<location id="8EF86076FFBBFFA1D1E38E8FC56BBB9C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E87BBFFBBFFA3D0A18C6AC6B3B992:8EF86076FFBBFFA1D1E38E8FC56BBB9C" box="[469,632,938,964]" name="Sodwana Bay" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Sodwana Bay</location>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4F3CF0FFBBFFA1D2B28E8FC4F7BB9C" box="[644,996,938,964]" collectionCode="KZN" latitude="-27.593334" longLatPrecision="123" longitude="32.693333" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED36AE68FFBBFFA1D2B28E8FC5D0BB9C" box="[644,707,938,964]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">KZN</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE13506AFFBBFFA1D2E68E8FC441BB9C" box="[720,850,938,964]" degrees="27" direction="south" minutes="35.6" orientation="latitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="92" value="-27.593334">27° 35.6' S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE13506AFFBBFFA1D3568E8FC4F7BB9C" box="[864,996,938,964]" degrees="32" direction="east" minutes="41.6" orientation="longitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="92" value="32.693333">32° 41.6' E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4F3CF0FFBBFFA1D3C78E8FC6B3BBB4" collectingDate="1990-06-02" collectionCode="NMDP" collectorName="St. ZH" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" specimenCount="62">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED36AE68FFBBFFA1D3C78E8FC355BB9C" box="[1009,1094,938,964]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">NMDP</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D2537BFFBBFFA1D4648E8FC38CBB9C" box="[1106,1183,938,964]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">St. ZH</collectorName>
|
||
27,
|
||
<date id="FF99106DFFBBFFA1D4E58E8FC256BB9C" box="[1235,1349,938,964]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="1990-06-02">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDDE985FFBBFFA1D4E58E8FC256BB9C" box="[1235,1349,938,964]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="1990-06-02">
|
||
2 vi
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF9B48FFBBFFA1D53E8E8FC256BB9C" box="[1288,1349,938,964]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9906199999999998" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="m" value="1990.62">1990</quantity>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D21FD24FFBBFFA1D5648E8FC284BB9C" box="[1362,1431,938,964]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="generic">62 m.</specimenCount>
|
||
, anterior fragment only
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9836ADFFBBFFA1D0A18907C632BC63" blockId="53.[151,1436,1058,1524]" box="[151,289,1058,1083]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFFBBFFA1D0A18907C632BC63" box="[151,289,1058,1083]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9836ADFFBBFFA1D0F7896FC67BBDAC" blockId="53.[151,1436,1058,1524]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
Fragment 32 x
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF9B48FFBBFFA1D140896FC6ADBC3C" box="[374,446,1098,1124]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
, uniformly whitish, papillae absent. Tentacles 12, whitish, longest
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF9B48FFBBFFA1D4E3896FC20EBC3C" box="[1237,1309,1098,1124]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
, each with four terminal digits of unequal size. Polian vesicle single; stone canal not detected. Body wall spicules as short robust anchors, irregular to quadrangular anchor plates and small basket-like buttons/plates; radial muscles with minute spherical to oval miliary granules. Anchors (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131C2A28FFBBFFA1D35A89E7C4E5BC84" box="[876,1014,1218,1244]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="54.[151,255,1884,1908]" captionTargetBox="[233,1353,271,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-155@54.[220,1375,267,1862]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURE 25. (A–F) Protankyra autopista (Marenzeller, 1881). SAM–A27950. A. anchors from body wall; B. anchor plates from body wall; C. miliary granules from longitudinal muscle; D. buttons from body wall; E. rods from tentacle tip; F. rods and granules from tentacle stalk. (G–M) Protankyra sp. SAM-A27951. G. anchor from anterior body wall; H. military granules from longitudinal muscle; I. anchor plate; J. ciliary urns; K. rods from anterior body wall; L. enlargement of anchor stocks; M. enlargement of anchor arms. (A–F & H scale a; G & I scale b; L & M scale c; K scale d)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5077065" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5077065/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figure 25A</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF9B48FFBBFFA1D43089E7C388BC84" box="[1030,1179,1218,1244]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" metricValueMax="1.16" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="108.0" valueMax="116.0" valueMin="100.0">100–116 µm</quantity>
|
||
long (mean
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF9B48FFBBFFA1D51989E7C29DBC84" box="[1327,1422,1218,1244]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="108.0">108 µm</quantity>
|
||
), distance between arms
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF9B48FFBBFFA1D19F89CFC522BD5C" box="[425,561,1258,1284]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.55" metricValueMax="10.3" metricValueMin="8.8" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="95.5" valueMax="103.0" valueMin="88.0">88–103 µm</quantity>
|
||
(mean
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF9B48FFBBFFA1D2BF89CFC5C9BD5C" box="[649,730,1258,1284]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.7" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="97.0">97 µm</quantity>
|
||
), each arm with 0–2 terminal teeth, vertex slightly concave, shaft thick, stock finely branched. Anchor plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131C2A28FFBBFFA1D2C48837C46EBD74" box="[754,893,1298,1324]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="54.[151,255,1884,1908]" captionTargetBox="[233,1353,271,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-155@54.[220,1375,267,1862]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURE 25. (A–F) Protankyra autopista (Marenzeller, 1881). SAM–A27950. A. anchors from body wall; B. anchor plates from body wall; C. miliary granules from longitudinal muscle; D. buttons from body wall; E. rods from tentacle tip; F. rods and granules from tentacle stalk. (G–M) Protankyra sp. SAM-A27951. G. anchor from anterior body wall; H. military granules from longitudinal muscle; I. anchor plate; J. ciliary urns; K. rods from anterior body wall; L. enlargement of anchor stocks; M. enlargement of anchor arms. (A–F & H scale a; G & I scale b; L & M scale c; K scale d)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5077065" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5077065/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figure 25B</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF9B48FFBBFFA1D3A68837C309BD74" box="[912,1050,1298,1324]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.7" metricValueMax="10.3" metricValueMin="9.1" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="97.0" valueMax="103.0" valueMin="91.0">91–103 µm</quantity>
|
||
(mean
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF9B48FFBBFFA1D44E8837C3DABD74" box="[1144,1225,1298,1324]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.8" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="98.0">98 µm</quantity>
|
||
) long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF9B48FFBBFFA1D5178837C28FBD74" box="[1313,1436,1298,1324]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.15" metricValueMax="8.4" metricValueMin="5.9" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="71.5" valueMax="84.0" valueMin="59.0">59–84 µm</quantity>
|
||
(mean
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF9B48FFBBFFA1D0D1881FC626BD0C" box="[231,309,1338,1364]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="76.0">76 µm</quantity>
|
||
) wide, with 36–52 smooth holes, with central holes always the larger. Buttons (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131C2A28FFBBFFA1D4E1881FC273BD0C" box="[1239,1376,1338,1364]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="54.[151,255,1884,1908]" captionTargetBox="[233,1353,271,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-155@54.[220,1375,267,1862]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURE 25. (A–F) Protankyra autopista (Marenzeller, 1881). SAM–A27950. A. anchors from body wall; B. anchor plates from body wall; C. miliary granules from longitudinal muscle; D. buttons from body wall; E. rods from tentacle tip; F. rods and granules from tentacle stalk. (G–M) Protankyra sp. SAM-A27951. G. anchor from anterior body wall; H. military granules from longitudinal muscle; I. anchor plate; J. ciliary urns; K. rods from anterior body wall; L. enlargement of anchor stocks; M. enlargement of anchor arms. (A–F & H scale a; G & I scale b; L & M scale c; K scale d)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5077065" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5077065/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figure 25D</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF9B48FFBBFFA1D546881FC7F7BD24" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.45" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="34.5" valueMax="44.0" valueMin="25.0">25– 44 µm</quantity>
|
||
(mean
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF9B48FFBBFFA1D1088847C69FBD24" box="[318,396,1378,1404]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="32.0">32 µm</quantity>
|
||
) with 4–7 holes, a thick rim and a 4–6 armed base with minute knobs distally, or knobs absent. Miliary granules
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF9B48FFBBFFA1D18C88AFC530BDFC" box="[442,547,1418,1444]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="15.5" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="9.0">9–22 µm</quantity>
|
||
(mean
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF9B48FFBBFFA1D24D88AFC5DBBDFC" box="[635,712,1418,1444]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 µm</quantity>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131C2A28FFBBFFA1D2E988AFC479BDFC" box="[735,874,1418,1444]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="54.[151,255,1884,1908]" captionTargetBox="[233,1353,271,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-155@54.[220,1375,267,1862]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURE 25. (A–F) Protankyra autopista (Marenzeller, 1881). SAM–A27950. A. anchors from body wall; B. anchor plates from body wall; C. miliary granules from longitudinal muscle; D. buttons from body wall; E. rods from tentacle tip; F. rods and granules from tentacle stalk. (G–M) Protankyra sp. SAM-A27951. G. anchor from anterior body wall; H. military granules from longitudinal muscle; I. anchor plate; J. ciliary urns; K. rods from anterior body wall; L. enlargement of anchor stocks; M. enlargement of anchor arms. (A–F & H scale a; G & I scale b; L & M scale c; K scale d)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5077065" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5077065/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figure 25C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tentacles with similar granules or rods,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF9B48FFBBFFA1D56488AFC7ACBD94" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="19.0" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="16.0">16–22 µm</quantity>
|
||
(mean
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF9B48FFBBFFA1D1208897C677BD94" box="[278,356,1458,1484]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="19.0">19 µm</quantity>
|
||
) in stalk (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131C2A28FFBBFFA1D1EF8897C54CBD94" box="[473,607,1458,1484]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="54.[151,255,1884,1908]" captionTargetBox="[233,1353,271,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-155@54.[220,1375,267,1862]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURE 25. (A–F) Protankyra autopista (Marenzeller, 1881). SAM–A27950. A. anchors from body wall; B. anchor plates from body wall; C. miliary granules from longitudinal muscle; D. buttons from body wall; E. rods from tentacle tip; F. rods and granules from tentacle stalk. (G–M) Protankyra sp. SAM-A27951. G. anchor from anterior body wall; H. military granules from longitudinal muscle; I. anchor plate; J. ciliary urns; K. rods from anterior body wall; L. enlargement of anchor stocks; M. enlargement of anchor arms. (A–F & H scale a; G & I scale b; L & M scale c; K scale d)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5077065" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5077065/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figure 25F</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF9B48FFBBFFA1D2438897C5FEBD94" box="[629,749,1458,1484]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" metricValueMax="5.6" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="39.0" valueMax="56.0" valueMin="22.0">22–56 µm</quantity>
|
||
(mean
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF9B48FFBBFFA1D3738897C480BD94" box="[837,915,1458,1484]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 µm</quantity>
|
||
) at tips (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131C2A28FFBBFFA1D3CF8897C392BD94" box="[1017,1153,1458,1484]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="54.[151,255,1884,1908]" captionTargetBox="[233,1353,271,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-155@54.[220,1375,267,1862]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURE 25. (A–F) Protankyra autopista (Marenzeller, 1881). SAM–A27950. A. anchors from body wall; B. anchor plates from body wall; C. miliary granules from longitudinal muscle; D. buttons from body wall; E. rods from tentacle tip; F. rods and granules from tentacle stalk. (G–M) Protankyra sp. SAM-A27951. G. anchor from anterior body wall; H. military granules from longitudinal muscle; I. anchor plate; J. ciliary urns; K. rods from anterior body wall; L. enlargement of anchor stocks; M. enlargement of anchor arms. (A–F & H scale a; G & I scale b; L & M scale c; K scale d)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5077065" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5077065/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figure 25E</figureCitation>
|
||
), but more elongate and of diverse shapes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9836ADFFBBFFA1D0A18B05C5A1BE3A" blockId="53.[151,690,1568,1634]" box="[151,690,1568,1634]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFFBBFFA1D0A18B05C635BE61" box="[151,294,1568,1593]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F330763DFFBBFFA1D08D8B6DC613BE3A" box="[187,256,1608,1634]" name="Japan" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Red Sea, east coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F330763DFFBBFFA1D2228B6DC5BCBE3A" box="[532,687,1608,1634]" name="South Africa" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9836ADFFBBFFA1D0A18BBDC642BE82" blockId="53.[151,337,1688,1754]" box="[151,337,1688,1754]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFFBBFFA1D0A18BBDC7E3BEE9" box="[151,240,1688,1713]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Habitat</emphasis>
|
||
Shell rubble.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9836ADFFBBFFA1D0A18A35C7EDBF71" blockId="53.[151,1436,1808,2034]" box="[151,254,1808,1833]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFFBBFFA1D0A18A35C7EDBF71" box="[151,254,1808,1833]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9836ADFFBBFFA2D08A8A1DC4A8B882" blockId="53.[151,1436,1808,2034]" lastBlockId="54.[151,1436,152,218]" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
Apart from its
|
||
<typeStatus id="549C880FFFBBFFA1D15F8A1DC688BF0A" box="[361,411,1848,1874]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality this species has been reported from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F330763DFFBBFFA1D3918A1DC4FABF0A" box="[935,1001,1848,1874]" name="Japan" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
by at least three other workers (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFFBBFFA1D5558A1DC613BF22" author="Britten, M." pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="123 - 157" refId="ref28588" refString="Britten, M. (1907) Holothurien aus dem Japanischen und Ochotskischen Meere. Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, (5) 25, 123 - 157." type="journal article" year="1907">Britten 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFFBBFFA1D13A8A45C6A9BF22" author="Ohshima, H." box="[268,442,1888,1914]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="253 - 262" refId="ref30180" refString="Ohshima, H. (1913) Synaptiden von Misaki. Zoological Magazine, Tokyo, 25, 253 - 262." type="journal article" year="1913">Ohshima 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFFBBFFA1D1F08A45C513BF22" author="Ohshima, H." box="[454,512,1888,1914]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="53 - 96" refId="ref30202" refString="Ohshima, H. (1914) The Synaptidae of Japan. Annotationes Zoologicae Japanenses, 8 (1) 53 - 96, 7 figs., 1 pl." type="book chapter" year="1914">1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
&
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFFBBFFA1D2108A45C5D0BF22" author="Heding, S. G." box="[550,707,1888,1914]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="105 - 323" refId="ref29497" refString="Heding, S. G. (1928) Synaptidae. Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1924 - 1916. Videnskabelige Meddellelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i Kobenhaven, 85, 105 - 323, 69 text-figs., pls 2 - 3." type="journal article" year="1928">Heding 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The only record outside
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F330763DFFBBFFA1D3C38A45C32BBF22" box="[1013,1080,1888,1914]" name="Japan" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
is that of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFFBBFFA1D49B8A45C284BF22" author="Cherbonnier, G." box="[1197,1431,1888,1914]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="3 - 5" refId="ref28803" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1968) Sur la presence d'holothuries diverses et, en particulier, de l'holothurie apode Protankyra autopista Marenzeller, en Mer Rouge. Bulletin Sea Fisheries Research Station, Haifa, 51, 3 - 5." type="journal article" year="1968">Cherbonnier (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, based on several fragments from the Red Sea. There are slight differences between the southern African material and that coming from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F330763DFFBBFFA1D1F98A95C501BF92" box="[463,530,1968,1994]" name="Japan" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the Red Sea. Japanese material is described as reddish while that of the Red Sea as pinkish. In both the teeth of the anchor arms are absent or poorly developed and the knobs on the baskets faint or absent. These differences may be just geographic variations in distantly separated populations and thus of little significance in trying to separate the southern form.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF586625FFB8FFA2D0A18A79C276BFAC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5077065" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5077065" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5077065/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" startId="54.[151,255,1884,1908]" targetBox="[233,1353,271,1856]" targetPageId="54">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9836ADFFB8FFA2D0A18A79C276BFAC" blockId="54.[151,1436,1884,2036]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFFB8FFA2D0A18A79C667BF2C" bold="true" box="[151,372,1884,1908]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">FIGURE 25. (A–F)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D2EFFB8FFA2D14A8A78C450BF2C" authority="(Marenzeller, 1881)" baseAuthorityName="Marenzeller" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[380,835,1885,1908]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synaptidae" genus="Protankyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="autopista">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFFB8FFA2D14A8A78C572BF2C" box="[380,609,1885,1908]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Protankyra autopista</emphasis>
|
||
(Marenzeller, 1881)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. SAM–A27950. A. anchors from body wall; B. anchor plates from body wall; C. miliary granules from longitudinal muscle; D. buttons from body wall; E. rods from tentacle tip; F. rods and granules from tentacle stalk.
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFFB8FFA2D2598AB9C5AFBFEC" bold="true" box="[623,700,1948,1972]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">(G–M)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D2EFFB8FFA2D2F48AB8C473BFEC" box="[706,864,1949,1972]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synaptidae" genus="Protankyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFFB8FFA2D2F48AB8C429BFEC" box="[706,826,1949,1972]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Protankyra</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
SAM-A27951. G. anchor from anterior body wall; H. military granules from longitudinal muscle; I. anchor plate; J. ciliary urns; K. rods from anterior body wall; L. enlargement of anchor stocks; M. enlargement of anchor arms. (A–F & H scale a; G & I scale b; L & M scale c; K scale d)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9836ADFFB9FFA3D0F08DBDC6B3B992" blockId="55.[151,1436,152,458]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
I am in agreement with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFFB9FFA3D1D58DBDC583B8EA" author="Heding, S. G." box="[483,656,152,178]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="105 - 323" refId="ref29497" refString="Heding, S. G. (1928) Synaptidae. Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1924 - 1916. Videnskabelige Meddellelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i Kobenhaven, 85, 105 - 323, 69 text-figs., pls 2 - 3." type="journal article" year="1928">Heding (1928)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
that this species is easily distinguished from its congenors. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFFB9FFA3D0E18DE5C6A9B882" author="Marenzeller, E. von" box="[215,442,192,218]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="121 - 140" refId="ref29983" refString="Marenzeller, E. von (1882) Neue Holothurien von Japan and China. Verhandlungen. Zoologische-Botanisch Gesselschaft in Wien, 31, 121 - 140, pls. 4, 5." type="book chapter" year="1882">Marenzeller (1882)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is of the opinion that it bears a strong resemblance to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D2EFFB9FFA3D40F8DE5C248B882" authority="Semper, 1868" authorityName="Semper" authorityYear="1868" box="[1081,1371,192,218]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synaptidae" genus="Protankyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="molesta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFFB9FFA3D40F8DE5C3A6B881" box="[1081,1205,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">P.molesta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFFB9FFA3D48F8DE5C248B882" author="Semper, C." box="[1209,1371,192,218]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref30997" refString="Semper, C. (1868) Holothurien. Reisen im Archipel der Philippen. Holothurien. 2. Wissenschaftliche Resultate. Wiesbaden, Leipzig, 288 pp." type="book" year="1868">Semper, 1868</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F330763DFFB9FFA3D0F58DCDC659B95A" box="[195,330,232,258]" name="Philippines" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
, a species thought by H.L.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFFB9FFA3D2B98DCDC439B95A" author="Clark, H. L." box="[655,810,232,258]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 231" refId="ref29083" refString="Clark, H. L. (1907) The apodous holothurians. A monograph of the Synaptidae and Molpadiidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, 35, 1 - 231, pls. 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1907">Clark (1907)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, to be a synonymous
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFFB9FFA3D41A8DCDC34DB959" box="[1068,1118,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">with</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D2EFFB9FFA3D45E8DCDC621B972" authority="Woodward & Barrett, 1858" authorityName="Woodward & Barrett" authorityYear="1858" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synaptidae" genus="Protankyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bidentata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFFB9FFA3D45E8DCDC3E7B959" box="[1128,1268,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">P. bidentata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFFB9FFA3D4CB8DCDC621B972" author="Woodward, S. P. & Barrett, L." pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref31440" refString="Woodward, S. P. & Barrett, L. (1858) On the genus Synapta. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1858, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1858">Woodward & Barrett, 1858</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFFB9FFA3D1A48C35C52DB972" author="Heding, S. G." box="[402,574,272,298]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="105 - 323" refId="ref29497" refString="Heding, S. G. (1928) Synaptidae. Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1924 - 1916. Videnskabelige Meddellelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i Kobenhaven, 85, 105 - 323, 69 text-figs., pls 2 - 3." type="journal article" year="1928">Heding (1928)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D2EFFB9FFA3D2B58C35C4EEB972" authority="Semper, 1868" authorityName="Semper" authorityYear="1868" box="[643,1021,272,298]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synaptidae" genus="Protankyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pseudodigitata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFFB9FFA3D2B58C35C45DB971" box="[643,846,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">P. pseudodigitata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFFB9FFA3D3618C35C4EEB972" author="Semper, C." box="[855,1021,272,298]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref30997" refString="Semper, C. (1868) Holothurien. Reisen im Archipel der Philippen. Holothurien. 2. Wissenschaftliche Resultate. Wiesbaden, Leipzig, 288 pp." type="book" year="1868">Semper, 1868</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The distinguishing features of this species are its robust anchors, irregular anchor plates and smooth to finely knobbed basket-like buttons. It is remarkable that this Japanese species has such a wide distribution but more and complete material is necessary to draw any distinction between the Japanese population and that coming from the West Indian Ocean, including the Red Sea.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |