treatments-xml/data/03/8A/90/038A906FB47C592E0645D652FAF1FC05.xml

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<mods:title id="A729C735ABECDF3190264AF16DF54482">Nomenclatural notes in Scorpiones (Arachnida)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B795B93E0B1A26BF9232290E00059B2B">Acosta, Luis E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="8760671E1D42C2B39BDA7BAA47605E7B">CONICET - Cátedra de Diversidad Animal I, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, X 5000 JJC Córdoba, Argentina; lacosta @ com. uncor. edu Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia 25755 - 2510 U. S. A.; fet @ marshall. edu</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7A4EA2D1C68BF752A91ABD853D9E40F1">Fet, Victor</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="8B9C2179B47C592F0645D652FD5EF9ED" blockId="6.[264,653,1612,1638]" box="[264,653,1612,1638]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<heading id="D0D49615B47C592F0645D652FD5EF9ED" bold="true" box="[264,653,1612,1638]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B957FD6BB47C592F0645D652FD5EF9ED" bold="true" box="[264,653,1612,1638]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B957FD6BB47C592F0645D652FE1DF9ED" bold="true" box="[264,462,1612,1638]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Transbothriurus</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C235AFAB47C592F0692D652FD56F9ED" ID-CoL="7BQ" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1880" box="[479,645,1612,1638]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Bothriuridae</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
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<paragraph id="8B9C2179B47C592E0645D689FAF1FC05" blockId="6.[264,1323,1687,1873]" lastBlockId="7.[264,1323,284,910]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
In a revision of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C235AFAB47C592F0572D689FC87F93A" authority="Peters 1861" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1861" box="[575,852,1687,1713]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Bothriurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B957FD6BB47C592F0572D689FD6DF93B" box="[575,702,1687,1712]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Bothriurus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25C88B47C592F058AD689FC87F93A" author="Peters, W." box="[711,852,1687,1713]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="507 - 516" refId="ref6225" refString="Peters, W. (1861) Uber eine neue Eintheilung der Skorpione und uber die von ihm in Mossambique gesammelten Arten von Skorpionen. Monatsberichte der Koniglichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1861, 507 - 516." type="journal article" year="1861">Peters 1861</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25C88B47C592F042CD689FB82F93A" author="Mello-Leitao, C. de" box="[865,1105,1687,1713]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 97" refId="ref5948" refString="Mello-Leitao, C. de (1934) Estudo monografico dos escorpioes da Republica Argentina. Octava Reunion de la Sociedad Argentina de Patologia Regional del Norte, 1, 1 - 97." type="journal article" year="1934">Mello­Leitão (1934)</bibRefCitation>
recognized a species group, &quot;Grupo B ­ 
<emphasis id="B957FD6BB47C592F0553D6A1FCF7F953" box="[542,804,1727,1752]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C235AFAB47C592F0553D6A1FCC8F953" box="[542,795,1727,1752]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Bothriurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorbignyi">Bothriurus dorbignyi</taxonomicName>
&quot;
</emphasis>
, containing the old name 
<taxonomicName id="4C235AFAB47C592F0315D6A1FD9FF88A" authority="D'Orbignyi Guerin-Meneville 1843" authorityName="D'Orbignyi Guerin-Meneville" authorityYear="1843" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Scorpio" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B957FD6BB47C592F0315D6A1FEFFF88B" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Scorpio D’Orbignyi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25C88B47C592F0678D6F9FD9FF88A" author="Guerin-Meneville, F. E." box="[309,588,1767,1793]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref5034" refString="Guerin-Meneville, F. E. (1843) Iconographie du Regne Animal de G. Cuvier, 3, Arachnides, 5 - 20. J. B. Bailliere. Libraire de l'Academie Royale de Medecine, Paris." type="book" year="1843">Guérin­Méneville 1843</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C235AFAB47C592F05C5D6F9FB85F88A" authority="Mello-Leitao 1931" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1931" box="[648,1110,1767,1793]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Bothriurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="B957FD6BB47C592F05C5D6F9FCB9F88B" box="[648,874,1767,1792]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Bothriurus elegans</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25C88B47C592F0439D6F9FB85F88A" author="Mello-Leitao, C. de" box="[884,1110,1767,1793]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="75 - 113" refId="ref5923" refString="Mello-Leitao, C. de (1931) Nota sobre os Bothriuridas sul-americanos. Archivos do Museu Nacional, 33, 75 - 113." type="journal article" year="1931">Mello­Leitão 1931</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. This two­species assemblage was given a formal subgeneric status by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25C88B47C592F04CBD711FBA8F8A2" author="Mello-Leitao, C. de" box="[902,1147,1807,1833]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="7 - 468" refId="ref5982" refString="Mello-Leitao, C. de (1945) Escorpioes sul-americanos. Arquivos do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, 40, 7 - 468." type="journal article" year="1945">Mello­Leitão (1945)</bibRefCitation>
, who gave the name 
<taxonomicName id="4C235AFAB47C592F061CD729FD78F8DA" authority="" box="[337,683,1847,1873]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Bothriurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Transbothriurus">
<emphasis id="B957FD6BB47C592F061CD729FE03F8DB" box="[337,464,1847,1872]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Bothriurus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B957FD6BB47C592F06A9D729FD70F8DB" box="[484,675,1847,1872]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Transbothriurus</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
to the former &quot;Grupo B&quot;. But he did not designate a 
<typeStatus id="54989FDBB47D592E0645D102FEE9FEBD" box="[264,314,284,310]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
species, so the genus­group name did not become available (Art. 13.3). 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25C88B47D592E0383D102FE86FED5" author="Bucherl, W." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="19 - 44" refId="ref4520" refString="Bucherl, W. (1959) Escorpioes e escorpionismo no Brasil. VIII. Revisao das especies do genero Bothriurus descritas da Argentina. Memorias do Instituto Butantan, 28, 19 - 44." type="journal article" year="1959">Bücherl (1959)</bibRefCitation>
proposed that 
<taxonomicName id="4C235AFAB47D592E054BD15AFD51FED6" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1931" box="[518,642,324,349]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Bothriurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="B957FD6BB47D592E054BD15AFD51FED6" box="[518,642,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">B. elegans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was a junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="4C235AFAB47D592E04F8D15AFB9AFED6" box="[949,1097,324,349]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Bothriurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorbignyi">
<emphasis id="B957FD6BB47D592E04F8D15AFB9AFED6" box="[949,1097,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">B. dorbignyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, reducing the 'subgenus' to a single species. This simple procedure of 'elimination' does not constitute a valid designation of 
<typeStatus id="54989FDBB47D592E068BD18AFE2BFE25" box="[454,504,404,430]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
species (Art. 69.4), so the name 
<emphasis id="B957FD6BB47D592E04F9D18AFBA0FE26" box="[948,1139,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Transbothriurus</emphasis>
still remained unavailable. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25C88B47D592E06D3D1A2FD47FE5D" author="Bucherl, W. &amp; San Martin, P. R. &amp; Flores da Cunha, M. &amp; Matthiensen, F. A. &amp; Zimber, S. &amp; Bucherl, I." box="[414,660,444,470]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="207 - 226" refId="ref4556" refString="Bucherl, W., San Martin, P. R., Flores da Cunha, M., Matthiensen, F. A., Zimber, S. &amp; Bucherl, I. (1963) Escorpioes e escorpionismo no Brasil. XII. Revisao sistematica e critica dos escorpioes do genero Bothriurus Peters, 1861. Memorias do Instituto Butantan, 30, 207 - 226." type="journal article" year="1963">
Bücherl 
<emphasis id="B957FD6BB47D592E054ED1A2FDEDFE5E" box="[515,574,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
(1963)
</bibRefCitation>
continued to recognize the monotypic 'subgenus' 
<emphasis id="B957FD6BB47D592E0393D1A2FE57FE76" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Transbothriurus</emphasis>
and to assign authorship to 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25C88B47D592E059CD1FAFC16FE75" author="Mello-Leitao, C. de" box="[721,965,484,510]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="7 - 468" refId="ref5982" refString="Mello-Leitao, C. de (1945) Escorpioes sul-americanos. Arquivos do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, 40, 7 - 468." type="journal article" year="1945">Mello­Leitão (1945)</bibRefCitation>
. Finally, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25C88B47D592E037FD1FAFE85FDAD" author="Maury, E. A. &amp; San Martin, P. R." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="129 - 140" refId="ref5880" refString="Maury, E. A. &amp; San Martin, P. R. (1973) Revalidacion del genero Timogenes Simon 1880 (Scorpiones, Bothriuridae). Physis, Seccion C, 32 (84), 129 - 140." type="journal article" year="1973">
Maury &amp; 
<collectingRegion id="49E7EF9BB47D592E03EAD1FAFAF8FE75" box="[1191,1323,484,510]" country="Peru" name="San Martin" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">San Martin</collectingRegion>
(1973)
</bibRefCitation>
discovered that an available name for this assemblage already existed: the long forgotten but valid genus name 
<taxonomicName id="4C235AFAB47D592E0517D22AFCA2FDC5" authority="Simon 1880" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1880" box="[602,881,564,590]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Timogenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B957FD6BB47D592E0517D22AFD04FDC6" box="[602,727,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Timogenes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25C88B47D592E0592D22AFCA2FDC5" author="Simon, E." box="[735,881,564,590]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="377 - 398" refId="ref6435" refString="Simon, E. (1880) Etudes arachnologiques 12 e Memoire (1). XVIII. Descriptions de genres et especes de l'ordre des Scorpiones. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, (5), 10, 377 - 398." type="journal article" year="1880">Simon 1880</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. They then placed 
<emphasis id="B957FD6BB47D592E0303D22AFADEFDC6" box="[1102,1293,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Transbothriurus</emphasis>
in the 'synonymy' of 
<taxonomicName id="4C235AFAB47D592E06BBD242FDA0FDFE" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1880" box="[502,627,604,629]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Timogenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B957FD6BB47D592E06BBD242FDA0FDFE" box="[502,627,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Timogenes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, without ever acknowledging that the former was still unavailable. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25C88B47D592E06D3D29AFD57FD15" author="Lowe, G. &amp; Fet, V." box="[414,644,644,670]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="17 - 53" refId="ref5811" refString="Lowe, G. &amp; Fet, V. (2000) Family Bothriuridae Simon, 1880. In: Fet, V., Sissom, W. D., Lowe, G. &amp; Braunwalder, M. E., Catalog of the scorpions of the world (1758 - 1998). The New York Entomological Society, pp. 17 - 53." type="book chapter" year="2000">Lowe &amp; Fet (2000)</bibRefCitation>
noticed the status of 
<emphasis id="B957FD6BB47D592E04C9D29AFB91FD16" box="[900,1090,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Transbothriurus</emphasis>
, and then proposed 
<taxonomicName id="4C235AFAB47D592E0645D2B2FE32FD4E" authorityName="Guerin-Meneville" authorityYear="1843" box="[264,481,684,709]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Scorpio" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorbignyi">
<emphasis id="B957FD6BB47D592E0645D2B2FE32FD4E" box="[264,481,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Scorpio dorbignyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as the 
<typeStatus id="54989FDBB47D592E050FD2B2FDA7FD4D" box="[578,628,684,710]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
species, in order to make it available. They (p. 13, 40) denoted their nomenclatural act as &quot;nomen novum&quot;, as if it were a replacement name because of homonymy, while the right notation should have been &quot;gen. nov.&quot; (they just wanted to make the name available). 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25C88B47D592E0586D33AFC66FCB5" author="Lowe, G. &amp; Fet, V." box="[715,949,804,830]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="17 - 53" refId="ref5811" refString="Lowe, G. &amp; Fet, V. (2000) Family Bothriuridae Simon, 1880. In: Fet, V., Sissom, W. D., Lowe, G. &amp; Braunwalder, M. E., Catalog of the scorpions of the world (1758 - 1998). The New York Entomological Society, pp. 17 - 53." type="book chapter" year="2000">Lowe &amp; Fet (2000)</bibRefCitation>
never used 
<emphasis id="B957FD6BB47D592E0307D33AFADBFCB6" box="[1098,1288,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Transbothriurus</emphasis>
as valid, since it remained as junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="4C235AFAB47D592E0450D352FC49FCEE" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1880" box="[797,922,844,869]" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Timogenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B957FD6BB47D592E0450D352FC49FCEE" box="[797,922,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Timogenes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in accordance with the preceding taxonomic concepts. Thus, 
<emphasis id="B957FD6BB47D592E0507D36AFCDAFC06" box="[586,777,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Transbothriurus</emphasis>
was not thereby made available (Art. 11.6.3).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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