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<document id="3F8BD9B8106C1845D7CAC887D7B1BA59" ID-DOI="10.18590/euscorpius.2003.vol2003.iss11.1" ID-ISSN="1536-9307" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13237351" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1721353212353" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Soleglad, Michael E. &amp; Fet, Victor" docDate="2003" docId="038A87D5D734F530FC9F5DB1FDAE500A" docLanguage="en" docName="Euscorpius.11.1-175.pdf" docOrigin="Euscorpius 2003 (11)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.18590/euscorpius.2003.vol2003.iss11.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:05AD4CDCECA6C90C60787CEF3EC4672A.3:Euscorpius.2002-2019.journal_article" docStyleId="05AD4CDCECA6C90C60787CEF3EC4672A" docStyleName="Euscorpius.2002-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Palaeoeuscorpiidae Lourenco 2003" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="117" masterDocId="FFB3FFADD74CF549FFA15E77FFB0560F" masterDocTitle="High-level systematics and phylogeny of the extant scorpions (Scorpiones: Orthosterni)" masterLastPageNumber="175" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="117" updateTime="1722954143772" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="3F967E6DA9BE364F9C7A18CFD7C61062">High-level systematics and phylogeny of the extant scorpions (Scorpiones: Orthosterni)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3031E85BF7DBF1EEB71D032BA9018EA8">Soleglad, Michael E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D937AD905EA3FA111F9E0BD59C4CFA98">Fet, Victor</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="105176EB4D12415C05711E619B8C9FA5">Euscorpius</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="EA31389A6A870CCE72FE3E24149C2DCC">2003</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="81E503DD4C451D9FFBCC1942AC02A171">2003-12-26</mods:number>
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<treatment id="038A87D5D734F530FC9F5DB1FDAE500A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12785304" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12785304" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A87D5D734F530FC9F5DB1FDAE500A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A87D5D734F530FC9F5DB1FDAE500A" lastPageId="121" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="120" pageNumber="117">
<subSubSection id="C3396548D734F531FC9F5DB1FA2D55D2" box="[830,1437,966,989]" pageId="120" pageNumber="117" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D734F531FC9F5DB1FA2D55D2" blockId="120.[830,1441,966,1908]" box="[830,1437,966,989]" pageId="120" pageNumber="117">
<heading id="D0D481AFD734F531FC9F5DB1FA2D55D2" box="[830,1437,966,989]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="120" pageNumber="117" reason="5">
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D734F531FC9F5DB1FAF255D2" bold="true" box="[830,1346,966,989]" pageId="120" pageNumber="117">
Family
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D734F531FC345DB1FA9855D2" authority="Lourenco, 2003" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityYear="2003" box="[917,1320,966,989]" class="Arachnida" family="Palaeoeuscorpiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="120" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Palaeoeuscorpiidae Lourenço, 2003</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
Extinct.
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3396548D734F531FCCF5D93FABD5300" pageId="120" pageNumber="117" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D734F531FCCF5D93FC235215" blockId="120.[830,1441,966,1908]" pageId="120" pageNumber="117">
<typeStatus id="54988861D734F531FCCF5D93FC1355F4" box="[878,931,996,1019]" pageId="120" pageNumber="117">Type</typeStatus>
Genus.
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D734F531FBA95D93FA3455F4" authority="Lourenco, 2003" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityYear="2003" box="[1032,1412,996,1019]" class="Arachnida" family="Palaeoeuscorpiidae" genus="Palaeoeuscorpius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="120" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D734F531FBA95D93FB7755F4" box="[1032,1223,996,1019]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="117">Palaeoeuscorpius</emphasis>
Lourenço, 2003
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D734F531FA325D93FA1055F4" bold="true" box="[1427,1440,996,1019]" pageId="120" pageNumber="117"></emphasis>
Extinct.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D734F531FCCF5A55FB595258" blockId="120.[830,1441,966,1908]" pageId="120" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D734F531FCCF5A55FBB05236" bold="true" box="[878,1024,1058,1081]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="117">Composition.</emphasis>
The family is monotypic, with a single monotypic genus
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D734F531FB825A37FB525258" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityYear="2003" box="[1059,1250,1088,1111]" class="Arachnida" family="Palaeoeuscorpiidae" genus="Palaeoeuscorpius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="120" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D734F531FB825A37FB525258" box="[1059,1250,1088,1111]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="117">Palaeoeuscorpius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D734F531FCCF5A28FC4B529A" blockId="120.[830,1441,966,1908]" pageId="120" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D734F531FCCF5A28FBC85279" bold="true" box="[878,1144,1119,1142]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="117">Geological occurrence</emphasis>
. Cretaceous of Europe (
<collectingCountry id="F3347653D734F531FCE75A09FC22529A" box="[838,914,1150,1173]" name="France" pageId="120" pageNumber="117">France</collectingCountry>
) (amber).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D734F531FCCF5AEBFABD5300" blockId="120.[830,1441,966,1908]" pageId="120" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D734F531FCCF5AEBFBF252BC" bold="true" box="[878,1090,1180,1203]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="117">Taxonomic history</emphasis>
. The name given by Lourenço (2003) implies some relationship with modern
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D734F531FAEC5ACCFC3252FE" ID-CoL="9ZQ" baseAuthorityName="Soleglad &amp; Sissom" baseAuthorityYear="2001" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="120" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Euscorpiidae</taxonomicName>
, and the family was originally placed in the superfamily
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D734F531FC2A5A8FFBB35300" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1893" box="[907,1027,1272,1295]" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="120" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Chactoidea">Chactoidea</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D734F531FBB35A8FFBFD5300" box="[1042,1101,1272,1295]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="117">sensu</emphasis>
Lourenço, 2000).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3396548D734F531FCCF5B60FBF15342" pageId="120" pageNumber="117" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D734F531FCCF5B60FBF15342" blockId="120.[830,1441,966,1908]" pageId="120" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D734F531FCCF5B60FC6C5321" bold="true" box="[878,988,1303,1326]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="117">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. See Lourenço (2003) for details on the diagnosis of this family.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3396548D734F530FCCF5B23FDAE500A" lastPageId="121" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="120" pageNumber="117" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D734F530FCCF5B23FDAE500A" blockId="120.[830,1441,966,1908]" lastBlockId="121.[192,803,199,1541]" lastPageId="121" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="120" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D734F531FCCF5B23FC565364" bold="true" box="[878,998,1364,1387]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="117">Discussion</emphasis>
. This family indeed has features shared with parvorder
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D734F531FC4C5B04FB9F5385" authorityName="Soleglad &amp; Fet" authorityYear="2003" box="[1005,1071,1395,1418]" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="120" pageNumber="117" parvOrder="Iurida" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="parvOrder">Iurida</taxonomicName>
, in particular the important neobothriotaxy on the ventral aspect of patella. However, we do not find any specific features which would allow including
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D734F531FC0C5BB8FBCB53E9" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityYear="2003" box="[941,1147,1487,1510]" class="Arachnida" family="Palaeoeuscorpiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="120" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Palaeoeuscorpiidae</taxonomicName>
unequivocally in
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D734F531FAE55BB8FCD6500A" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1893" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="120" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Chactoidea">Chactoidea</taxonomicName>
, as did Lourenço (2003). The reported trichobothrial pattern could as well belong to a member of
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D734F531FA83587BFCD6504D" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="120" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Scorpionoidea">Scorpionoidea</taxonomicName>
. In Lourenços (2003)
<figureCitation id="13182A46D734F531FBFD585CFB72504D" box="[1116,1218,1579,1602]" captionStart-0="Figure 5" captionStart-1="Figure 6" captionStart-2="Figure 7" captionStart-3="Figures 8-9" captionStartId-0="17.[192,268,1776,1799]" captionStartId-1="18.[192,268,1310,1333]" captionStartId-2="19.[192,268,1135,1158]" captionStartId-3="20.[192,278,950,973]" captionTargetBox-0="[242,1377,174,1745]" captionTargetBox-1="[196,1432,196,1270]" captionTargetBox-2="[195,1433,162,1074]" captionTargetBox-3="[231,1398,154,919]" captionTargetId-0="figure-117@17.[242,1383,174,1745]" captionTargetId-1="figure-371@18.[195,1433,196,1270]" captionTargetId-2="figure-391@19.[194,1438,162,1074]" captionTargetId-3="figure-426@20.[230,1417,143,922]" captionTargetPageId-0="17" captionTargetPageId-1="18" captionTargetPageId-2="19" captionTargetPageId-3="20" captionText-0="Figure 5: Diagrammatic cross-section of metasomal segments I, IV and V of “non-primitive” Recent scorpions, parvorder Iurida. Of particular interest, note lateral (L) carinae present on segment IV for genus Hadrurus; single ventral median carina (VM) on segments I and IV for genera Urodacus, Euscorpius and Vejovoidus; and the close proximity of ventral median (VM) carinae in genus Smeringurus. Note, although individual segment diagrams are to scale, they are not necessarily to scale between or within a species. Numbers inside diagrams refer to number of primary carinae present, and therefore exclude VMS carinae; obs. = obsolete, see Fig. 4 for definition of other terms." captionText-1="Figure 6: Metasomal segment IV of a representative set of vaejovid genera. Lateral (left) and dorsal (right) views. Note that the extreme posterior aspect of the dorsal lateral carina is highly developed, exhibiting a “flared terminus“ in all major vaejovid groups, Serradigitus, Pseudouroctonus, and to a more limited degree, in Vejovoidus and Paravaejovis. This condition, however, is absent on Paruroctonus and Smeringurus. Compare these figures with those of the chactids illustrated in Fig. 7." captionText-2="Figure 7: Metasomal segment IV of a representative set of chactid genera. Lateral (left) and dorsal (right) views. Compare the dorsal lateral carina terminus with that illustrated for the vaejovids in Fig. 6." captionText-3="Figures 8-9: Metasomal segment IV, posterior end (left) and lateral (right) views. 8. Vaejovis intrepidus cristimanus. 9. Uroctonus mordax mordax. Note the “flared” terminus of the dorsal lateral carinae that extends considerably above the articulation condyle in V. i. cristimanus; in U. m. mordax, the terminus is not flared coinciding with the articulation condyle. AC = articulation condyle; t = terminus of dorsal lateral carina." pageId="120" pageNumber="117">Figs. 59</figureCitation>
, a partial trichobothrial pattern is shown for the dorsal-external and ventral aspects of the chela (12 trichobothria), and the dorsal and ventral aspects of the patella (29 trichobothria (11 accessory)); trichobothrial pattern of the femur is unknown. In this pattern, major neobothriotaxy is well illustrated on the patellar ventral surface, with 14 trichobothria in view. This is an important observation, since we now know that neobothriotaxy in this species occurred at least 100 Ma ago, derived from the orthobothriotaxy which is presumably
<typeStatus id="54988861D734F531FB27592AFB0D517B" box="[1158,1213,1885,1908]" pageId="120" pageNumber="117">Type</typeStatus>
C (we known from the five “palaeo-buthids” described by Lourenço &amp; Weitschat, 1996, 2000, 2001, that
<typeStatus id="54988861D735F530FDF15E91FD3756F2" box="[592,647,230,253]" pageId="121" pageNumber="118">Type</typeStatus>
A existed at least 6555 Ma.). On the chela (from the left pedipalp) we see three ventral trichobothria, presumably
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D735F530FD435F54FC925733" box="[738,802,291,316]" italics="true" pageId="121" pageNumber="118">
V
<subScript id="17A73486D735F530FD525F5AFD4C5733" attach="right" box="[755,764,301,316]" fontSize="6" pageId="121" pageNumber="118">1</subScript>
V
<subScript id="17A73486D735F530FCB85F5AFC925733" attach="left" box="[793,802,301,316]" fontSize="6" pageId="121" pageNumber="118">3</subScript>
</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D735F530FF535F35FEA25754" box="[242,274,322,347]" italics="true" pageId="121" pageNumber="118">
Et
<subScript id="17A73486D735F530FEA85F3BFEA25754" attach="left" box="[265,274,332,347]" fontSize="6" pageId="121" pageNumber="118">1</subScript>
</emphasis>
with the ventroexternal carina curving inward, toward the internal condyle. The apparent absence of trichobothrium
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D735F530FEC95F08FE315797" box="[360,385,383,408]" italics="true" pageId="121" pageNumber="118">
V
<subScript id="17A73486D735F530FED95FFEFE315797" attach="left" box="[376,385,393,408]" fontSize="6" pageId="121" pageNumber="118">4</subScript>
</emphasis>
on the ventral surface is an indication of the euscorpiids, endorsing the conclusion made by Lourenço (i.e., it is located on the external surface). On the dorsal-external aspect we see eight trichobothria, six on the palm and two on the fixed finger. The two trichobothria located on the fixed finger probably belong to the
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D735F530FF465C40FE945441" box="[231,292,567,590]" italics="true" pageId="121" pageNumber="118">dbdt</emphasis>
series, and may include as well the most dorsal distal trichobothrium seen on the palm. The three more proximal trichobothria presumably are
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D735F530FDCA5C03FD3C5484" box="[619,652,628,651]" italics="true" pageId="121" pageNumber="118">Db</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D735F530FD3A5C03FD065484" box="[667,694,628,651]" italics="true" pageId="121" pageNumber="118">Dt</emphasis>
, and
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D735F530FD555C03FCAB5482" box="[756,795,628,653]" italics="true" pageId="121" pageNumber="118">
Eb
<subScript id="17A73486D735F530FCB35C09FCAB5482" attach="left" box="[786,795,638,653]" fontSize="6" pageId="121" pageNumber="118">3</subScript>
</emphasis>
, although, as drawn in the figure, the
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D735F530FDF35CE4FDC354A5" box="[594,627,659,682]" italics="true" pageId="121" pageNumber="118">Db</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D735F530FD085CE4FD7454A5" box="[681,708,659,682]" italics="true" pageId="121" pageNumber="118">Dt</emphasis>
are dorsal of the well-defined digital carina. The other two trichobothria found on the palm exterior are probably in the
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D735F530FF495C98FE865507" box="[232,310,751,776]" italics="true" pageId="121" pageNumber="118">
Et
<subScript id="17A73486D735F530FF5E5C8EFEB85507" attach="left" box="[255,264,761,776]" fontSize="6" pageId="121" pageNumber="118">1</subScript>
Et
<subScript id="17A73486D735F530FE8C5C8DFE865507" attach="left" box="[301,310,762,776]" fontSize="6" pageId="121" pageNumber="118">5</subScript>
</emphasis>
and/or
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D735F530FE265C98FE195509" box="[391,425,751,774]" italics="true" pageId="121" pageNumber="118">Est</emphasis>
series. Unlike in the chela, there is considerable confusion as to the designations of trichobothria found on the patella, the text of Lourenço and the figures are not consistent. We can see a definite internal trichobothrium (
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D735F530FED35D1DFEC9558E" box="[370,377,874,897]" italics="true" pageId="121" pageNumber="118">i</emphasis>
),
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D735F530FE335D1DFE19558C" box="[402,425,874,899]" italics="true" pageId="121" pageNumber="118">
d
<subScript id="17A73486D735F530FE015D03FE19558C" attach="right" box="[416,425,884,899]" fontSize="6" pageId="121" pageNumber="118">1</subScript>
</emphasis>
, and a second basal dorsal trichobothrium which more likely belongs to the external series.
<figureCitation id="13182A46D735F530FF545DD0FE8555B1" box="[245,309,935,958]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="19.[192,268,1135,1158]" captionTargetBox="[195,1433,162,1074]" captionTargetId="figure-391@19.[194,1438,162,1074]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 7: Metasomal segment IV of a representative set of chactid genera. Lateral (left) and dorsal (right) views. Compare the dorsal lateral carina terminus with that illustrated for the vaejovids in Fig. 6." pageId="121" pageNumber="118">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
, which shows the dorsal aspect of the patella, and
<figureCitation id="13182A46D735F530FF535DB1FE8655D2" box="[242,310,966,989]" captionStart="Figures 8-9" captionStartId="20.[192,278,950,973]" captionTargetBox="[231,1398,154,919]" captionTargetId="figure-426@20.[230,1417,143,922]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figures 8-9: Metasomal segment IV, posterior end (left) and lateral (right) views. 8. Vaejovis intrepidus cristimanus. 9. Uroctonus mordax mordax. Note the “flared” terminus of the dorsal lateral carinae that extends considerably above the articulation condyle in V. i. cristimanus; in U. m. mordax, the terminus is not flared coinciding with the articulation condyle. AC = articulation condyle; t = terminus of dorsal lateral carina." pageId="121" pageNumber="118">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
, which shows a somewhat skewed external view, angled internally, are, in part, composite figures. As it turns out (Lourenço, 2003, pers. comm.) only the dorsal and ventral views were visible on the fossil, the external view shown in Lourenços
<figureCitation id="13182A46D735F530FDE35A37FD305258" box="[578,640,1088,1111]" captionStart="Figures 8-9" captionStartId="20.[192,278,950,973]" captionTargetBox="[231,1398,154,919]" captionTargetId="figure-426@20.[230,1417,143,922]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figures 8-9: Metasomal segment IV, posterior end (left) and lateral (right) views. 8. Vaejovis intrepidus cristimanus. 9. Uroctonus mordax mordax. Note the “flared” terminus of the dorsal lateral carinae that extends considerably above the articulation condyle in V. i. cristimanus; in U. m. mordax, the terminus is not flared coinciding with the articulation condyle. AC = articulation condyle; t = terminus of dorsal lateral carina." pageId="121" pageNumber="118">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
is a composite of these two views. The external view shows six trichobothria on the ventral side of the externomedian carina and six on the dorsal side, a total of 12 trichobothria. However, if we add in the somewhat displaced basal “dorsal” trichobothrium mentioned above, we have 13 trichobothria, the number found in
<typeStatus id="54988861D735F530FDE75A8FFDCD5300" box="[582,637,1272,1295]" pageId="121" pageNumber="118">Type</typeStatus>
C patterns. Of course, the positions of these trichobothria do not comply with conventional
<typeStatus id="54988861D735F530FE195B41FE5F5342" box="[440,495,1334,1357]" pageId="121" pageNumber="118">Type</typeStatus>
C patterns. This would imply, if all these interpretations are correct (which is unlikely), that neobothriotaxy occurred only on the patella ventral surface. In summary, it is clear that this fossil scorpion is probably
<typeStatus id="54988861D735F530FE0B5BC7FE5153C8" box="[426,481,1456,1479]" pageId="121" pageNumber="118">Type</typeStatus>
C even though many trichobothria are unaccounted for, including the entire femur,
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all (14 alone for the chela).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>