171 lines
20 KiB
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171 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="51EBF55A87545CDBFE99C0936673CCD6" ID-CLB-Dataset="31177" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4363.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a141fa76-cc88-4901-944a-306171e41413" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1114473" ID-ZooBank="86DE1B94-63AE-4ABF-B28A-0ECEA22D2F10" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1513152258038" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mcfadden, Catherine S. & Van Ofwegen, Leen P." docDate="2017" docId="038A07766C1E286EFF24586AFBC149F5" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4363.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4363 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Leptophyton Ofwegen & Schleyer 1997" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="471" masterDocId="FFB37F0E6C0A287AFFB35C76FF964E2E" masterDocTitle="Revisionary systematics of the endemic soft coral fauna (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea: Alcyoniina) of the Agulhas Bioregion, South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="488" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="471" updateTime="1698509335316" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="5184474B64400B001292E23CFAE403EC" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="2CD4D8217085912F4EE8832F4A558129">
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<mods:title id="A897F913E4056B492D2A6B52004CDBBC">Revisionary systematics of the endemic soft coral fauna (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea: Alcyoniina) of the Agulhas Bioregion, South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="6F280E0E7EE52A21916E4FED8926615D" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="8C2D1484ECA454381060A15B1177BBD3">Mcfadden, Catherine S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="A11316758F93F879B4A974D848016D78" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="39BBB9993F2A95944C72A343C65D3F54">Van Ofwegen, Leen P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="48CB943EC5AAC9B57373C52AD2BE44C4">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="7B13701A706D27E302AB599B49EF3D64">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B48CA27417A70B798DBAB1CAAF695CED">
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<mods:date id="A164419E5B45A0221DD5A73EA98C6B6E">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="DA18858D31FB1679E40AED0644ABD88F">2017-12-13</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="A498C5220E3DB8A921BDB277A7F6D444" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="5BC42BC0B93232F7D451B0FB2234EB23">4363</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="776F2F9801D86DAB888B6CB38DF6DE17">4</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="3B440F2C78395B51D2DFEB0A287B16A9" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4363.4.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038A07766C1E286EFF24586AFBC149F5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5613946" ID-GBIF-Taxon="137679931" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5613946" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A07766C1E286EFF24586AFBC149F5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A07766C1E286EFF24586AFBC149F5" lastPageNumber="471" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
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<subSubSection id="C339E5EB6C1E286EFF24586AFDE84A18" box="[151,638,1052,1078]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9CB6606C1E286EFF24586AFDE84A18" blockId="20.[151,638,1052,1078]" box="[151,638,1052,1078]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
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<heading id="D0D4010C6C1E286EFF24586AFDE84A18" bold="true" box="[151,638,1052,1078]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C1E286EFF24586AFDE84A18" authority="Ofwegen & Schleyer, 1997" authorityName="Ofwegen & Schleyer" authorityYear="1997" box="[151,638,1052,1078]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Leptophyton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9576A726C1E286EFF24586AFDE84A18" bold="true" box="[151,638,1052,1078]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
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<emphasis id="B9576A726C1E286EFF24586AFEB84A18" bold="true" box="[151,302,1052,1078]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Leptophyton</emphasis>
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Ofwegen & Schleyer, 1997
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C339E5EB6C1E286EFF245814FC954A55" box="[151,771,1122,1147]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9CB6606C1E286EFF245814FC954A55" blockId="20.[151,1437,1122,2011]" box="[151,771,1122,1147]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
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<emphasis id="B9576A726C1E286EFF245814FEBD4A55" bold="true" box="[151,299,1122,1147]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Type species</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C1E286EFE8A5812FC954A55" authority="Ofwegen & Schleyer, 1997" authorityName=", Ofwegen & Schleyer" authorityYear="1997" box="[313,771,1122,1147]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Leptophyton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="benayahui">
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<emphasis id="B9576A726C1E286EFE8A5812FE5D4A55" box="[313,459,1122,1147]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">L. benayahui</emphasis>
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Ofwegen & Schleyer, 1997
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C339E5EB6C1E286EFF7458F0FC484B25" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B9CB6606C1E286EFF7458F0FC484B25" blockId="20.[151,1437,1122,2011]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
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<emphasis id="B9576A726C1E286EFF7458F0FE384AB1" bold="true" box="[199,430,1158,1183]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Emended diagnosis</emphasis>
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. Soft corals with lobate growth form, with lobes arising from common base or stalk and often giving rise to multiple secondary lobes. Polyps retractile. Sclerites are rods, radiates and club-like forms. Polyps lack collaret and points, but may have small rods or spindles in the tentacles. Colony interior with few or no sclerites. Colonies flabby with easily torn surface layer. Sclerites colorless.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C339E5EB6C1E286EFF745960FBC149F5" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B9CB6606C1E286EFF745960FCD948B9" blockId="20.[151,1437,1122,2011]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
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<emphasis id="B9576A726C1E286EFF745960FEAD4B01" bold="true" box="[199,315,1302,1327]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Remarks.</emphasis>
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Ofwegen & Schleyer (1997) assigned
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<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C1E286EFCB55960FC044B01" authorityName="Ofwegen & Schleyer" authorityYear="1997" box="[774,914,1302,1327]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Leptophyton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9576A726C1E286EFCB55960FC044B01" box="[774,914,1302,1327]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Leptophyton</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to
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<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C1E286EFC0D5960FBDA4B01" box="[958,1100,1302,1327]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Nephtheidae</taxonomicName>
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based on the colony growth form, which is dendritic with polyps arranged most densely on the distal regions of the branched lobes. In general, however,
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<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C1E286EFEB75928FE044B59" box="[260,402,1374,1399]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Nephtheidae</taxonomicName>
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have non-retractile polyps, while
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<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C1E286EFCBE5929FC094B59" authorityName=", Ofwegen & Schleyer" authorityYear="1997" box="[781,927,1374,1399]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Leptophyton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="benayahui">
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<emphasis id="B9576A726C1E286EFCBE5929FC094B59" box="[781,927,1374,1399]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">L. benayahui</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has retractile polyps. The only other genus of nephtheids in which species have retractile polyps is
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<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C1E286EFD5D59F5FCCD4BB4" box="[750,859,1411,1434]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Gersemia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9576A726C1E286EFD5D59F5FCCD4BB4" box="[750,859,1411,1434]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Gersemia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, a genus that appears from molecular phylogenetic analyses to be closely related to
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<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C1E286EFDA359D0FCBB4B91" authorityName="Mcfadden & Van Ofwegen" authorityYear="2017" box="[528,813,1446,1471]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Alcyonium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9576A726C1E286EFDA359D0FD1E4B91" box="[528,648,1446,1471]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Alcyonium</emphasis>
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(Alcyoniidae)
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</taxonomicName>
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and not to other
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<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C1E286EFC4459D0FB134B91" box="[1015,1157,1446,1471]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Nephtheidae</taxonomicName>
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(McFadden
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<emphasis id="B9576A726C1E286EFAAB59D1FADA4B91" box="[1304,1356,1446,1471]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">et al</emphasis>
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. 2006; McFadden & Ofwegen 2013). Despite the phylogenetic distance separating them (
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<figureCitation id="1318AAE56C1E286EFBC059BCFB2D4BCD" box="[1139,1211,1482,1507]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1614,1636]" captionTargetBox="[171,1407,217,1570]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,195,1590]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of Octocorallia based on combined, partitioned analysis of 28S rDNA, COI and 16S mtDNA.South African species and clades are identified in blue. Filled circles indicate nodes with>70% bootstrap support and Bayesian posterior probabilities>0.95 (shown for South African clades only). Strongly supported clades (bootstrap 70%) with no South African members have been collapsed to facilitate readability. Phylogenetic position of Protodendron repens indicated with *." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1114481/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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),
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<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C1E286EFB6959BCFAF04BCD" authorityName="Ofwegen & Schleyer" authorityYear="1997" box="[1242,1382,1482,1507]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Leptophyton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9576A726C1E286EFB6959BCFAF04BCD" box="[1242,1382,1482,1507]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Leptophyton</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C1E286EFF245999FE924828" box="[151,260,1519,1542]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Gersemia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9576A726C1E286EFF245999FE924828" box="[151,260,1519,1542]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Gersemia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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share a number of features, including having small spindles and radiates in the colony surface, and few or no sclerites in the interior. They can be distinguished, however, by the arrangement of sclerites in the polyps, which in
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<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C1E286EFEB35A41FEFB4860" box="[256,365,1591,1614]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Gersemia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9576A726C1E286EFEB35A41FEFB4860" box="[256,365,1591,1614]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Gersemia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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form distinct points and a typically weak collaret (Utinomi 1961). In
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<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C1E286EFB305A40FA994861" authorityName="Ofwegen & Schleyer" authorityYear="1997" box="[1155,1295,1590,1615]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Leptophyton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9576A726C1E286EFB305A40FA994861" box="[1155,1295,1590,1615]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Leptophyton</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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the sclerites may be arranged in eight longitudinal tracts in the proximal region of the polyp, but the distal region lacks points or a collaret and has only sparse rods or spindles in the tentacles.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9CB6606C1E286EFF745AD5FBC149F5" blockId="20.[151,1437,1122,2011]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
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<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C1E286EFF745AD5FD304895" authority="(Verseveldt & Williams)" authorityName="Verseveldt & Williams" baseAuthorityName="Verseveldt & Williams" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[199,678,1698,1723]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Gersemia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="liltvedi">
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<emphasis id="B9576A726C1E286EFF745AD5FE1F4895" box="[199,393,1698,1723]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Gersemia liltvedi</emphasis>
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(Verseveldt & Williams)
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</taxonomicName>
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, a South African species originally assigned to the nephtheid genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C1E286EFF245AB0FE8648F1" box="[151,272,1734,1759]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9576A726C1E286EFF245AB0FE8648F1" box="[151,272,1734,1759]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Litophyton</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, has a branched growth form similar to the two species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C1E286EFC065AB0FBD748F1" authorityName="Ofwegen & Schleyer" authorityYear="1997" box="[949,1089,1734,1759]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Leptophyton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9576A726C1E286EFC065AB0FBD748F1" box="[949,1089,1734,1759]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Leptophyton</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Like
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<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C1E286EFB3E5AB0FA8F48F1" authorityName="Ofwegen & Schleyer" authorityYear="1997" box="[1165,1305,1734,1759]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Leptophyton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9576A726C1E286EFB3E5AB0FA8F48F1" box="[1165,1305,1734,1759]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Leptophyton</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, it also has polyp sclerites that are spindles and rods arranged
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<emphasis id="B9576A726C1E286EFD7A5A9AFCD5492D" box="[713,835,1770,1795]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">en chevron</emphasis>
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but not forming a typical collaret and points; spindles (some club-like) and radiates in the surface of the polyparium; and radiates in the surface of the stalk (Verseveldt & Williams 1988). Interior sclerites are scarce or absent, and the colony is described as weak and flabby.
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<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C1E286EFA9D5B45FA0A4965" baseAuthorityName="Verseveldt & Williams" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[1326,1436,1842,1867]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Gersemia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="liltvedi">
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<emphasis id="B9576A726C1E286EFA9D5B45FA0A4965" box="[1326,1436,1842,1867]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">G. liltvedi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs significantly from
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<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C1E286EFE775B20FDC64941" authorityName="Ofwegen & Schleyer" authorityYear="1997" box="[452,592,1878,1903]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Leptophyton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9576A726C1E286EFE775B20FDC64941" box="[452,592,1878,1903]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Leptophyton</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
, however, in having non-retractile polyps that are arranged on terminal catkins rather than distributed over the entire surface of the lobes. A sequence of
|
|
<emphasis id="B9576A726C1E286EFBDE5B0DFB0149BD" box="[1133,1175,1915,1939]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">28S</emphasis>
|
|
rDNA obtained for a specimen of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C1E286EFE9D5BE9FE094999" baseAuthorityName="Verseveldt & Williams" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[302,415,1950,1975]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Gersemia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="liltvedi">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9576A726C1E286EFE9D5BE9FE094999" box="[302,415,1950,1975]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">G. liltvedi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(UF2623) places this species in an unresolved phylogenetic position distant from both Leptophytidae and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C1E286EFEDC5BB5FE4A49F4" box="[367,476,1987,2010]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Gersemia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9576A726C1E286EFEDC5BB5FE4A49F4" box="[367,476,1987,2010]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Gersemia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, perhaps close to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C1E286EFD165BB4FC1A49F5" authority="(Verrill)" authorityName="Verrill" box="[677,908,1986,2011]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9576A726C1E286EFD165BB4FCBD49F5" box="[677,811,1986,2011]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Eunephthya</emphasis>
|
|
(Verrill)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(data not shown).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |