1252 lines
144 KiB
XML
1252 lines
144 KiB
XML
<document id="3F59AC5A82AB1EF4E1EB2B6B37523C78" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.215385" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1eb29ea6-593f-487a-abc1-29b2ce1ac799" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="215385" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460498670910" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Catenazzi, Alessandro, May, Rudolf Von, Lehr, Edgar, Gagliardi-Urrutia, Giussepe & Guayasamin, Juan M." docDate="2012" docId="03935706AD009F1E1CC5FBBCFE79F2A1" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03388p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3388" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Centrolene sabini Catenazzi, May, Lehr, Gagliardi-Urrutia & Guayasamin, 2012, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="66" masterDocId="FFAA2F7EAD029F141C52FFA0FFA9F53D" masterDocTitle="A new, high-elevation glassfrog (Anura: Centrolenidae) from Manu National Park, southern Peru" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="56" pageNumber="58" updateTime="1698311348683" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="BE7E7A6CDA6F5A3610EFEF18EE5F7715">A new, high-elevation glassfrog (Anura: Centrolenidae) from Manu National Park, southern Peru</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2927F216991495FB3EFE80317E3FF2F6">Catenazzi, Alessandro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="C760294929D882359397CF923640D980">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="25F9BDB369F439E06E5A833B9CD2B953">May, Rudolf Von</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="E8225837A857207AF7027A7C5BDDEA3C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="0A5F8D7BB1A03B9422E9725219FF2BC3">Lehr, Edgar</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="23B251A361B81278AF697EAD6B4322A5">Gagliardi-Urrutia, Giussepe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6A9573AB0CCE6E458465CD09D4392BE6">Guayasamin, Juan M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="EB5020B03756E6AB8432D31B9C2052BF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E5A65E9901A768E0D999B7F8225E096B">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="632724C2658B23F2DBE65609D06AF07A">3388</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="431779AF6567FF3C50A9ACCB46268223" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.215385</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03935706AD009F1E1CC5FBBCFE79F2A1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5685479" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119520960" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5685479" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03935706AD009F1E1CC5FBBCFE79F2A1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03935706AD009F1E1CC5FBBCFE79F2A1" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
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<subSubSection id="C320B59BAD009F161CC5FBBCFDC9F1A1" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B85E610AD009F161CC5FBBCFDADF108" blockId="2.[151,516,1051,1110]" box="[151,516,1051,1078]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
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<heading id="D0CD517CAD009F161CC5FBBCFDADF108" bold="true" box="[151,516,1051,1078]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD009F161CC5FBBCFDADF108" bold="true" box="[151,516,1051,1078]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD009F161CC5FBBCFEC5F10B" ID-CoL="S9Z8" box="[151,364,1052,1078]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sabini" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD009F161CC5FBBCFEC5F10B" bold="true" box="[151,364,1052,1078]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Centrolene sabini</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27D8779AD009F161D26FBBBFDADF108" box="[372,516,1051,1077]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B85E610AD009F161CC5FB9EFE86F16B" blockId="2.[151,516,1051,1110]" box="[151,303,1086,1110]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
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(
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<figureCitation id="1301FA95AD009F161CCCFB9EFE8FF16B" box="[158,294,1086,1110]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1586,1609]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1442,1465]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,250,1953,1976]" captionStartId-3="7.[151,250,1982,2005]" captionTargetBox-0="[187,1400,339,1562]" captionTargetBox-1="[456,1132,195,1418]" captionTargetBox-2="[188,1398,1070,1929]" captionTargetBox-3="[281,1305,1228,1958]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[187,1400,339,1562]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[455,1132,195,1418]" captionTargetId-2="figure@6.[188,1400,1070,1929]" captionTargetId-3="figure@7.[281,1305,1228,1959]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Male Centrolene sabini in life, holotype MUSM 27941 (adult male; SVL = 31.2 mm) in (A) dorsolateral, (B) dorsal and (C) ventral view (photos by A. Catenazzi). Female Centrolene lemniscatum in life, MUSM 31085 (adult female; SVL = 27.2 mm) in (D) dorsolateral, (B) dorsal and (C) ventral view (photos by G. Gagliardi-Urrutia)." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. (A) Snout profile of C. lemniscatum (KU 217300, holotype). (B) Snout profile of C. sabini (MUSM 27941). Photos by A. Catenazzi." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Hand (A) and foot (B) of Centrolene sabini (MUSM 27941, holotype). Photos by A. Catenazzi." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Tadpoles of Centrolene sabini hatching at Gosner stage 25 from epiphyllous egg masses. These eggs are laid on top of leaves above water in fast-flowing sections of the stream. Photos by A. Catenazzi." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/215386/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/215387/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/215388/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/215389/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Figures 1–4</figureCitation>
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)
|
||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B85E610AD009F161CC5FB27FDC9F1A1" blockId="2.[151,608,1158,1181]" box="[151,608,1158,1181]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD009F161CC5FB27FEAEF1A0" box="[151,263,1159,1181]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD009F161CC5FB27FEAEF1A0" box="[151,263,1159,1181]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Centrolene</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
sp.: Catenazzi
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD009F161DF3FB28FE7DF1A0" box="[417,468,1159,1181]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009: 84–87.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C320B59BAD009F161CC5FB6AFCDAF0A8" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B85E610AD009F161CC5FB6AFE04F014" blockId="2.[151,1436,1225,2005]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
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<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD009F161CC5FB6AFEA2F1DF" bold="true" box="[151,267,1226,1250]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
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||
<typeStatus id="548158B2AD009F161CC5FB6AFEAFF1DF" box="[151,262,1226,1250]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2B7ED5AD009F161D40FB69FECEF1DC" box="[274,359,1225,1249]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">MUSM</collectionCode>
|
||
27941, an adult male from Esperanza (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0E80D7AD009F161F4DFB69FC05F1DC" box="[799,940,1225,1249]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" precision="15" value="-13.176945">13°10’37” S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE0E80D7AD009F161FEBFB69FBF9F1DC" box="[953,1104,1225,1249]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" precision="15" value="-71.60861">71°36’31” W</geoCoordinate>
|
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,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC24BF5AD009F161808FB69FB1BF1DC" box="[1114,1202,1225,1249]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" unit="m" value="2800.0">2800 m</quantity>
|
||
), Distrito Kosñipata, Provincia Paucartambo, Región (Departamento) Cusco,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32DA680AD009F161F43FB4DFCEEF038" box="[785,839,1261,1285]" name="Peru" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Perú</collectingCountry>
|
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, collected on
|
||
<date id="FF84C0D0AD009F161FB1FB4DFB34F038" box="[995,1181,1261,1285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" value="2009-02-09">9 February 2009</date>
|
||
by A. Catenazzi, J. C. Jahuanchi and R. Sotelo.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85E610AD009F161C9BFA95FCDAF0A8" blockId="2.[151,1436,1225,2005]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
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<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD009F161C9BFA95FED4F070" bold="true" box="[201,381,1333,1357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Paratopotypes.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2B7ED5AD009F161DD6FA95FE70F070" box="[388,473,1333,1357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">MUSM</collectionCode>
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||
28017, an adult male from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548158B2AD009F161F10FA96FCDBF073" box="[834,882,1334,1358]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, collected on
|
||
<date id="FF84C0D0AD009F16183CFA95FAB2F070" box="[1134,1307,1333,1358]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" value="2010-01-04">4 January 2010</date>
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||
by A. Catenazzi.
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||
<collectionCode id="ED2B7ED5AD009F161CBEFAF9FEE8F04C" box="[236,321,1369,1393]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">MUSM</collectionCode>
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||
28018–28019, two adult males ~
|
||
<quantity id="4CC24BF5AD009F161EE4FAF9FD57F04C" box="[694,766,1369,1393]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
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S of the
|
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<typeStatus id="548158B2AD009F161F30FAFAFC3BF04F" box="[866,914,1370,1394]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">type</typeStatus>
|
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locality (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE0E80D7AD009F161FAEFAF9FB20F04C" box="[1020,1161,1369,1393]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" precision="15" value="-13.178056">13°10’41” S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE0E80D7AD009F1618C4FAF9FA85F04C" box="[1174,1324,1369,1393]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" precision="15" value="-71.60861">71°36’31” W</geoCoordinate>
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,
|
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<quantity id="4CC24BF5AD009F161965FAF9FA26F04C" box="[1335,1423,1369,1393]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" unit="m" value="2750.0">2750 m</quantity>
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), collected on
|
||
<date id="FF84C0D0AD009F161D74FADDFE78F0A8" box="[294,465,1405,1430]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" value="2010-01-06">6 January 2010</date>
|
||
by A. Catenazzi and J. C. Jahuanchi.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="C320B59BAD009F171C9BFA01FE58F239" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" type="diagnosis">
|
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<paragraph id="8B85E610AD009F171C9BFA01FD69F1F9" blockId="2.[151,1436,1225,2005]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
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<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD009F161C9BFA01FEEAF087" bold="true" box="[201,323,1441,1466]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD009F161D1FFA01FDBEF084" box="[333,535,1441,1465]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sabini">
|
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<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD009F161D1FFA01FDBEF084" box="[333,535,1441,1465]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Centrolene sabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from species in other centrolenid genera in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32DA680AD009F161884FA02FAA0F084" box="[1238,1289,1442,1465]" name="Peru" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
by having a white ventral parietal peritoneum (transparent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD009F161E93FA65FC35F0E0" box="[705,924,1477,1501]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD009F161E93FA65FC35F0E0" box="[705,924,1477,1501]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Hyalinobatrachium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and by having humeral spines in males (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1301FA95AD009F161927FA65FF0FF33C" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1586,1609]" captionTargetBox="[187,1400,339,1562]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[187,1400,339,1562]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Male Centrolene sabini in life, holotype MUSM 27941 (adult male; SVL = 31.2 mm) in (A) dorsolateral, (B) dorsal and (C) ventral view (photos by A. Catenazzi). Female Centrolene lemniscatum in life, MUSM 31085 (adult female; SVL = 27.2 mm) in (D) dorsolateral, (B) dorsal and (C) ventral view (photos by G. Gagliardi-Urrutia)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215386/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Fig 1</figureCitation>
|
||
; absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD009F161D7AFA49FE1DF33C" box="[296,436,1513,1537]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Cochranella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD009F161D7AFA49FE1DF33C" box="[296,436,1513,1537]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Cochranella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD009F161D97FA49FD09F33C" box="[453,672,1513,1537]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD009F161D97FA49FD09F33C" box="[453,672,1513,1537]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Hyalinobatrachium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD009F161EE3FA49FC96F33C" box="[689,831,1513,1537]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD009F161EE3FA49FC96F33C" box="[689,831,1513,1537]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Nymphargus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD009F161F2EFA49FC4DF33C" box="[892,996,1513,1537]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Rulyrana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD009F161F2EFA49FC4DF33C" box="[892,996,1513,1537]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Rulyrana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Morphologically, the new species is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD009F161D1BF9AEFE51F318" box="[329,504,1549,1573]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lemniscatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD009F161D1BF9AEFE51F318" box="[329,504,1549,1573]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">C. lemniscatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the eastern slopes of the Andes in Región (Departamento) San Martín,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC24BF5AD009F161936F9ADFF12F374" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" unit="km" value="1050.0">1050 km</quantity>
|
||
north of the Kosñipata Valley (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB9BE1AD009F161E70F991FCF9F374" author="Duellman" box="[546,848,1585,1609]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" refString="Duellman, W. E. & Schulte, R. (1993) New species of centrolenid frogs from northern Peru. Occasional Papers Museum of Natural History University of Kansas, 155, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1993">Duellman & Schulte 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Both species have humeral spines that are evident and lack vomerine teeth.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD009F161DFCF9F5FDDCF350" box="[430,629,1621,1645]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sabini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD009F161DFCF9F5FDDCF350" box="[430,629,1621,1645]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Centrolene sabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD009F161F55F9F6FC1DF350" box="[775,948,1621,1645]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lemniscatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD009F161F55F9F6FC1DF350" box="[775,948,1621,1645]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">C. lemniscatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1301FA95AD009F161F91F9F5FB87F350" box="[963,1070,1621,1645]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1586,1609]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1442,1465]" captionTargetBox-0="[187,1400,339,1562]" captionTargetBox-1="[456,1132,195,1418]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[187,1400,339,1562]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[455,1132,195,1418]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Male Centrolene sabini in life, holotype MUSM 27941 (adult male; SVL = 31.2 mm) in (A) dorsolateral, (B) dorsal and (C) ventral view (photos by A. Catenazzi). Female Centrolene lemniscatum in life, MUSM 31085 (adult female; SVL = 27.2 mm) in (D) dorsolateral, (B) dorsal and (C) ventral view (photos by G. Gagliardi-Urrutia)." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. (A) Snout profile of C. lemniscatum (KU 217300, holotype). (B) Snout profile of C. sabini (MUSM 27941). Photos by A. Catenazzi." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/215386/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/215387/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Figs. 1–2</figureCitation>
|
||
; characters of the latter in parentheses) by having distinct yellowish white labial stripes that extend into continuous lateral stripes (white labial stripes not continuous with thin lateral stripes), larger SVL ranging between
|
||
<quantity id="4CC24BF5AD009F161FA6F93DFB31F388" box="[1012,1176,1693,1717]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.04" metricValueMax="3.12" metricValueMin="2.96" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="30.4" valueMax="31.2" valueMin="29.6">29.6–31.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD009F1618FAF93EFB1FF388" box="[1192,1206,1694,1717]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 5) with the smallest male being larger than an adult female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD009F161EDEF962FC93F3E4" box="[652,826,1729,1753]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lemniscatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD009F161EDEF962FC93F3E4" box="[652,826,1729,1753]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">C. lemniscatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CC24BF5AD009F161F1BF961FC07F3E4" box="[841,942,1729,1753]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7199999999999998" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="27.2">27.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
in a female; 27.0 mm in the male
|
||
<typeStatus id="548158B2AD009F161978F961FA39F3E4" box="[1322,1424,1729,1753]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
), strongly protruding nostrils (directed anterolaterally, but not strongly protruding;
|
||
<figureCitation id="1301FA95AD009F161877F945FBC1F3C0" box="[1061,1128,1765,1789]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1442,1465]" captionTargetBox="[456,1132,195,1418]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[455,1132,195,1418]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. (A) Snout profile of C. lemniscatum (KU 217300, holotype). (B) Snout profile of C. sabini (MUSM 27941). Photos by A. Catenazzi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215387/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
), internarial area depressed (barely depressed), snout profile obtuse or inclined anteroventrally (bluntly rounded;
|
||
<figureCitation id="1301FA95AD009F161803F8A9FB3DF21C" box="[1105,1172,1801,1825]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1442,1465]" captionTargetBox="[456,1132,195,1418]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[455,1132,195,1418]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. (A) Snout profile of C. lemniscatum (KU 217300, holotype). (B) Snout profile of C. sabini (MUSM 27941). Photos by A. Catenazzi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215387/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
), and by its long advertisement call composed of 8–14 peaked notes (short call with a single tonal note in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD009F161819F88EFB50F278" box="[1099,1273,1837,1861]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lemniscatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD009F161819F88EFB50F278" box="[1099,1273,1837,1861]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">C. lemniscatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, G. Gagliardi- Urrutia,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD009F161CABF8F2FEC1F254" box="[249,360,1873,1897]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">pers. obs.</emphasis>
|
||
). Additionally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD009F161E4DF8F2FD21F254" box="[543,648,1873,1897]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sabini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD009F161E4DF8F2FD21F254" box="[543,648,1873,1897]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">C. sabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lay eggs on the upper side of leaves (
|
||
<typeStatus id="548158B2AD009F161815F8F1FB28F254" box="[1095,1153,1873,1897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
A of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB9BE1AD009F161899F8F1FF7AF2B0" author="Guayasamin" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" refString="Guayasamin, J. M., Castroviejo-Fisher, S., Trueb, L., Ayarzaguena, J., Rada, M. & Vila, C. (2009) Phylogenetic systematics of Glassfrogs (Amphibia: Centrolenidae) and their sister taxon Allophryne ruthveni. Zootaxa, 2100, 1 - 97." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Guayasamin
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD009F161933F8F2FA35F254" box="[1377,1436,1873,1897]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD009F161D1FF8D6FE54F2B0" box="[333,509,1909,1933]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lemniscatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD009F161D1FF8D6FE54F2B0" box="[333,509,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">C. lemniscatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lay eggs on the tip of upper sides of leaves (
|
||
<typeStatus id="548158B2AD009F16185BF8D5FBEBF2B0" box="[1033,1090,1909,1933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
B; G. Gagliardi-Urrutia,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD009F161936F8D6FF6CF28C" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">pers. obs.</emphasis>
|
||
). Moreover, the new species has green-yellowish coloration (bright green in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD009F16181BF83AFB52F28C" box="[1097,1275,1945,1969]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lemniscatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD009F16181BF83AFB52F28C" box="[1097,1275,1945,1969]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">C. lemniscatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), large dorsal spicules with yellowish-green tips (smaller, white spicules), and iris silvery-bronze with fine black reticulations (iris white with fewer reticulations).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD019F171E61FF38FD52F58D" box="[563,763,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sabini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD019F171E61FF38FD52F58D" box="[563,763,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">Centrolene sabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could also be confused with the morphologically similar
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD019F1719D0FF38FF5DF5E9" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD019F1719D0FF38FF5DF5E9" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">C. buckleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has a call with 1–5 notes at fundamental frequencies of 3520–4139 Hz in Yanayacu, Amazonian slopes of the Andes in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32DA680AD019F171DC7FF7FFE5BF5CA" box="[405,498,223,247]" name="Ecuador" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB9BE1AD019F171E52FF7FFCB9F5CA" author="Guayasamin" box="[512,784,223,248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" refString="Guayasamin, J. M., Bustamante, M. R., Almeida-Reinoso, D. & Funk, W. C. (2006) Glassfrogs (Centrolenidae) of Yanayacu Biological Station, Ecuador, with the description of a new species and comments on centrolenid systematics. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 147, 489 - 513." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Guayasamin
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD019F171EC6FF41FD65F5C5" box="[660,716,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32DA680AD019F171F6DFF7FFC19F5CA" box="[831,944,223,247]" name="Colombia" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, advertisement calls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD019F1718E5FF40FA9DF5C5" box="[1207,1332,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD019F1718E5FF40FA9DF5C5" box="[1207,1332,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">C. buckleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are short and composed of a single note (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB9BE1AD019F171DACFEA4FD64F421" author="Bernal" box="[510,717,260,284]" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" refString="Bernal, M. H., Montealegre, D. P. & Paez, C. A. (2004) Estudio de la vocalizacion de trece especies de anuros del Municipio de Ibague, Colombia. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias, 28, 385 - 390." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Bernal
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD019F171E00FEA5FD22F421" box="[594,651,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) with a fundamental frequency of up to 5200 Hz (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB9BE1AD019F171954FEA4FF7AF402" author="Bolivar" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" refString="Bolivar, W., Grant, T. & Osorio, L. A. (1999) Combat behavior in Centrolene buckleyi and other centrolenid frogs. Alytes, 16, 77 - 83." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Bolívar
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD019F171931FEA5FA35F421" box="[1379,1436,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In contrast, the advertisement call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD019F171ED1FE88FD41F47D" box="[643,744,296,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sabini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD019F171ED1FE88FD41F47D" box="[643,744,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">C. sabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is long and includes 8–14 peaked notes with fundamental frequencies ranging between 2597 and 3919 Hz (Catenazzi
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD019F171F48FEEDFCFAF459" box="[794,851,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009; as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD019F171F93FEECFB94F459" box="[961,1085,332,356]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD019F171F93FEECFB94F459" box="[961,1085,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">Centrolene</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.). Morphological characters found in species of Peruvian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD019F171D8EFED0FDF1F4B5" box="[476,600,368,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD019F171D8EFED0FDF1F4B5" box="[476,600,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">Centrolene</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but not in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD019F171E9DFED0FC9CF4B5" box="[719,821,368,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sabini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD019F171E9DFED0FC9CF4B5" box="[719,821,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">C. sabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
include: Finger I longer than Finger II in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD019F171955FED0FA3CF4B5" box="[1287,1429,368,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fernandoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD019F171955FED0FA3CF4B5" box="[1287,1429,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">C. fernandoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD019F171C94FE35FEEDF491" box="[198,324,404,428]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muelleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD019F171C94FE35FEEDF491" box="[198,324,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">C. muelleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; dermal fringes on limbs in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD019F171ED1FE35FC8AF491" box="[643,803,404,428]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hersperium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD019F171ED1FE35FC8AF491" box="[643,803,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">C. hersperium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD019F171F08FE35FC71F491" box="[858,984,404,428]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muelleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD019F171F08FE35FC71F491" box="[858,984,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">C. muelleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and vomerine teeth in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD019F1718B0FE35FAE5F491" box="[1250,1356,404,428]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="azulae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD019F1718B0FE35FAE5F491" box="[1250,1356,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">C. azulae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD019F1719D0FE35FEADF4ED" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fernandoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD019F1719D0FE35FEADF4ED" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">C. fernandoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Additionally, analysis of the mitochondrial genes 16S and ND1 clearly differentiate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD019F1718EFFE18FA8BF4ED" box="[1213,1314,440,464]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sabini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD019F1718EFFE18FA8BF4ED" box="[1213,1314,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">C. sabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from morphologically similar species found in the Andes (i.e.,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD019F171EA7FE7DFE02F725" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD019F171EA7FE7DFC30F4C9" box="[757,921,476,500]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altitudinale">C. altitudinale</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD019F171FF4FE7DFB81F4C9" box="[934,1064,476,500]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">C. buckleyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD019F171866FE7DFB78F4C9" box="[1076,1233,476,500]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heloderma">C. heloderma</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD019F17188FFE7DFADFF4C9" box="[1245,1398,476,500]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hesperium">C. hesperium</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD019F1719D0FE7DFEB5F725" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="notostictum">C. notostictum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD019F171D75FDA0FE0EF725" box="[295,423,512,536]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muelleri">C. muelleri</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD019F171DB3FDA0FD34F725" box="[481,669,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD019F171DB3FDA0FD3CF725" box="[481,661,512,536]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venezuelense">C. venezuelense</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
no sequences of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD019F171F0EFDA0FBA0F725" box="[860,1033,512,536]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lemniscatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD019F171F0EFDA0FBA0F725" box="[860,1033,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">C. lemniscatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are available). Genetically, with the current taxon sampling, the most closely related species to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD019F171F67FD85FC35F701" box="[821,924,548,572]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sabini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD019F171F67FD85FC35F701" box="[821,924,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">C. sabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD019F171FECFD85FB59F701" authority="Duellman 1980" authorityName="Duellman" authorityYear="1980" box="[958,1264,548,572]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lynchi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD019F171FECFD85FB8CF701" box="[958,1061,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">C. lynchi</emphasis>
|
||
(Duellman 1980)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, an endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32DA680AD019F171CC5FDE7FEACF762" box="[151,261,583,607]" name="Colombia" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32DA680AD019F171D6FFDE7FE37F762" box="[317,414,583,607]" name="Ecuador" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD019F171DF8FDE8FDA6F75D" box="[426,527,584,608]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lynchi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD019F171DF8FDE8FDA6F75D" box="[426,527,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">C. lynchi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD019F171EF7FDE8FCA2F75D" box="[677,779,584,608]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sabini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD019F171EF7FDE8FCA2F75D" box="[677,779,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">C. sabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having both dark and light spots on the dorsum and an advertisement call that consists of a tonal note followed by 1–3 peaked notes with higher dominant frequencies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB9BE1AD019F171CCCFD2FFEDFF79A" author="Dautel" box="[158,374,655,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" refString="Dautel, N., Salgado Maldonado, A. L., Abuza, R., Imba, H., Griffin, K. & Guayasamin, J. M. (2011) Advertisement and combat calls of the glassfrog Centrolene lynchi (Anura: Centrolenidae), with notes on combat and reproductive behaviors. Phyllomedusa, 10, 31 - 43." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Dautel
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD019F171CA7FD31FE99F795" box="[245,304,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD019F171DDEFD30FDFCF795" box="[396,597,656,680]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lynchi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD019F171DDEFD30FDFCF795" box="[396,597,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">Centrolene lynchi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
further differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD019F171F1BFD30FC18F795" box="[841,945,656,680]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sabini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD019F171F1BFD30FC18F795" box="[841,945,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">C. sabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in lacking a yellowish white lateral stripe (Duellman 1980), and in having smaller SVL averaging
|
||
<quantity id="4CC24BF5AD019F171F44FD14FCD2F7F1" box="[790,891,692,716]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4699999999999998" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="24.7">24.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
in males and
|
||
<quantity id="4CC24BF5AD019F171848FD14FBD6F7F1" box="[1050,1151,692,716]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4899999999999998" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="24.9">24.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
in a single female, snout truncate in dorsal view and rounded in profile, dorsal skin shagreened with fine spicules, and different webbing formulas between finger and toes (Duellman 1980). Centrolenids not found in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32DA680AD019F171FB2FD5DFBBAF629" box="[992,1043,765,788]" name="Peru" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
that are morphologically similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD019F171CC5FC80FF54F605" box="[151,253,800,824]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sabini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD019F171CC5FC80FF54F605" box="[151,253,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">C. sabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD019F171D0FFC80FE56F605" box="[349,511,800,824]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altitudinale">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD019F171D0FFC80FE56F605" box="[349,511,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">C. altitudinale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(endemic to Cordillera de Mérida,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32DA680AD019F171FDCFCBFFBAAF60A" box="[910,1027,799,823]" name="Venezuela" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD019F17184AFC80FAA6F605" box="[1048,1295,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD019F17184AFC80FB35F605" box="[1048,1180,800,824]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bacatum">C. bacatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD019F1718FAFC80FAA6F605" box="[1192,1295,800,824]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ballux">C. ballux</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(endemic to the Andes of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32DA680AD019F171D63FCE4FE36F661" box="[305,415,836,860]" name="Colombia" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32DA680AD019F171D8BFCE4FD91F661" box="[473,568,836,860]" name="Ecuador" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD019F171E1DFCE5FC02F661" box="[591,939,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD019F171E1DFCE5FD5FF661" box="[591,758,837,860]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="notostictum">C. notostictum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD019F171F51FCE5FC02F661" box="[771,939,836,860]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quindianum">C. quindianum</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(endemic to the Colombian Andes), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD019F1719D0FCE5FE80F6BD" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venezuelense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD019F1719D0FCE5FE80F6BD" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">C. venezuelense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(endemic to Cordillera de Mérida,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32DA680AD019F171EE6FCC7FC84F642" box="[692,813,871,895]" name="Venezuela" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD019F171F6CFCC8FBE8F6BD" box="[830,1089,872,896]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altitudinale">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD019F171F6CFCC8FBE8F6BD" box="[830,1089,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">Centrolene altitudinale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD019F171887FCC8FA93F6BD" box="[1237,1338,872,896]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sabini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD019F171887FCC8FA93F6BD" box="[1237,1338,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">C. sabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by lacking a yellowish white line dividing the upper and lower flanks.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD019F171F08FC2CFB94F699" box="[858,1085,908,932]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bacatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD019F171F08FC2CFB94F699" box="[858,1085,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">Centrolene bacatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD019F171965FC2DFA35F699" box="[1335,1436,908,932]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sabini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD019F171965FC2DFA35F699" box="[1335,1436,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">C. sabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mainly by having white warts below the eye and being considerable smaller (SVL <
|
||
<quantity id="4CC24BF5AD019F171804FC0FFB16F6FA" box="[1110,1215,943,967]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.18" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="21.8">21.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD019F171881FC10FA32F6F5" box="[1235,1435,944,968]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ballux">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD019F171881FC10FA32F6F5" box="[1235,1435,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">Centrolene ballux</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is recognized by having, in life, small greenish white to yellowish white warts and an SVL <
|
||
<quantity id="4CC24BF5AD019F1718F7FC74FAA0F6D1" box="[1189,1289,980,1004]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.33" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="23.3">23.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
(tips of spicules yellowish-green, male SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4CC24BF5AD019F171E5EFC57FD19F12D" box="[524,688,1015,1040]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.04" metricValueMax="3.12" metricValueMin="2.96" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="30.4" valueMax="31.2" valueMin="29.6">29.6–31.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD019F171E84FC58FC95F12D" box="[726,828,1016,1040]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sabini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD019F171E84FC58FC95F12D" box="[726,828,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">C. sabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD019F171F07FC58FBF2F12D" box="[853,1115,1016,1040]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="notostictum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD019F171F07FC58FBF2F12D" box="[853,1115,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">Centrolene notostictum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also considerable smaller than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD019F171C9FFBBDFE9BF109" box="[205,306,1052,1076]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sabini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD019F171C9FFBBDFE9BF109" box="[205,306,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">C. sabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(male SVL <25.0 mm in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD019F171E0AFBBDFCACF109" box="[600,773,1053,1076]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nostostictum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD019F171E0AFBBDFCACF109" box="[600,773,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">C. nostostictum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and lacks the line between the upper and lower flanks that characterizes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD019F171D63FBE0FE3FF165" box="[305,406,1088,1112]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sabini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD019F171D63FBE0FE3FF165" box="[305,406,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">C. sabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD019F171DF7FBE0FD06F165" box="[421,687,1088,1112]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quindianum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD019F171DF7FBE0FD06F165" box="[421,687,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">Centrolene quindianum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is easily differentiated by having small black spots on the dorsum (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD019F171D5DFBC5FEDCF141" box="[271,373,1124,1148]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sabini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD019F171D5DFBC5FEDCF141" box="[271,373,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">C. sabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Finally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD019F171DBEFBC5FD09F141" box="[492,672,1124,1148]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venezuelense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD019F171DBEFBC5FD09F141" box="[492,672,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">C. venezuelense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished by its call consisting of 2–4 notes and a dominant frequency at 3900–4400 Hz (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB9BE1AD019F171D89FB27FC85F1A2" author="Senaris" box="[475,812,1159,1184]" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" refString="Senaris, J. C. & Ayarzaguena, J. (2005) Revision taxonomica de la familia Centrolenidae (Amphibia: Anura) de Venezuela. Publicaciones del Comite Espanol del Programa Hombre y Biosfera-Red IberoMaB de la UNESCO." type="book" year="2005">Señaris & Ayarzagüena, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD019F171FF3FB28FBACF19D" box="[929,1029,1160,1184]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sabini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD019F171FF3FB28FBACF19D" box="[929,1029,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">C. sabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a call with 8–14 notes and a frequency of 2597–3919 Hz (Catenazzi
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD019F171E6AFB0DFDD8F1F9" box="[568,625,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85E610AD019F171C9BFB6FFE58F239" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD019F171C9BFB6FFE35F1D5" bold="true" box="[201,412,1231,1256]" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">Characterization.</emphasis>
|
||
(1) Males with humeral spines; (2) liver tetralobed, covered by clear peritoneum; (3) parietal peritoneum white; visceral peritoneum translucent; (4) in life, dorsum green with yellowish-green spots and patches, iris silvery-cream with fine black reticulations, yellowish white labial stripe continuous with distinct stripe on flanks, except for area between the edge of the mouth and point of arm insertion, where stripe becomes thin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1301FA95AD019F171CCDFAFFFF77F04A" box="[159,222,1375,1399]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1586,1609]" captionTargetBox="[187,1400,339,1562]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[187,1400,339,1562]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Male Centrolene sabini in life, holotype MUSM 27941 (adult male; SVL = 31.2 mm) in (A) dorsolateral, (B) dorsal and (C) ventral view (photos by A. Catenazzi). Female Centrolene lemniscatum in life, MUSM 31085 (adult female; SVL = 27.2 mm) in (D) dorsolateral, (B) dorsal and (C) ventral view (photos by G. Gagliardi-Urrutia)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215386/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A–C); bones green; (5) in preservative, pale lavender with white lateral stripe; (6) dorsal surfaces of males spiculate, with spicules more numerous near orbits; (7) snout obtuse or inclined anteroventrally in lateral profile and rounded in dorsal profile (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1301FA95AD019F171DA0FA07FD9FF082" box="[498,566,1447,1471]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1442,1465]" captionTargetBox="[456,1132,195,1418]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[455,1132,195,1418]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. (A) Snout profile of C. lemniscatum (KU 217300, holotype). (B) Snout profile of C. sabini (MUSM 27941). Photos by A. Catenazzi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215387/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A); (8) tympanum small (tympanum diameter 16–23% of eye diameter), oriented posterolaterally; tympanic annulus indistinct; tympanic membrane pigmented, similarly to surrounding skin; (9) no webbing between Fingers I and II, webbing between Fingers II and III vestigial (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1301FA95AD019F17183FFA4FFB06F33A" box="[1133,1199,1519,1543]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1953,1976]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,1070,1929]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[188,1400,1070,1929]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Hand (A) and foot (B) of Centrolene sabini (MUSM 27941, holotype). Photos by A. Catenazzi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215388/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A), webbing formula
|
||
<date id="FF84C0D0AD019F171CC5F9B5FF6EF311" box="[151,199,1556,1580]" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">III 2</date>
|
||
½––2½IV; (10) prepollex not separated from Finger I; in males, nuptial pad
|
||
<typeStatus id="548158B2AD019F171849F9B5FBFAF310" box="[1051,1107,1557,1581]" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
I (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1301FA95AD019F171820F9B4FB18F311" box="[1138,1201,1556,1580]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1586,1609]" captionTargetBox="[187,1400,339,1562]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[187,1400,339,1562]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Male Centrolene sabini in life, holotype MUSM 27941 (adult male; SVL = 31.2 mm) in (A) dorsolateral, (B) dorsal and (C) ventral view (photos by A. Catenazzi). Female Centrolene lemniscatum in life, MUSM 31085 (adult female; SVL = 27.2 mm) in (D) dorsolateral, (B) dorsal and (C) ventral view (photos by G. Gagliardi-Urrutia)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215386/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B, 3A); (11) Finger I shorter than Finger II (Finger II 110–117% of length of Finger I); (12) ulnar and inner tarsal folds low; outer tarsal fold absent; (13) webbing on foot moderate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1301FA95AD019F171EF2F9FCFD4FF349" box="[672,742,1628,1652]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1953,1976]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,1070,1929]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[188,1400,1070,1929]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Hand (A) and foot (B) of Centrolene sabini (MUSM 27941, holotype). Photos by A. Catenazzi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215388/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B), webbing formula: webbing on foot
|
||
<date id="FF84C0D0AD019F1718FCF9FDFB63F349" box="[1198,1226,1628,1652]" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">I 1</date>
|
||
½– 2
|
||
<date id="FF84C0D0AD019F17195BF9FCFF0CF3A5" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">II 1– 2III 2– 2</date>
|
||
½
|
||
<date id="FF84C0D0AD019F171CE8F920FEB8F3A5" box="[186,273,1664,1688]" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">IV3 – 2</date>
|
||
½V; (14) one pair of enlarged tubercles below vent; (15) disc of Finger III of large size, about 56–65% of eye diameter; (16) vomerine teeth absent; (17) males call from upper sides of leaves; females deposit eggs on upper sides of leaves (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1301FA95AD019F171DC5F968FE77F3DD" box="[407,478,1736,1760]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1982,2005]" captionTargetBox="[281,1305,1228,1958]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[281,1305,1228,1959]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tadpoles of Centrolene sabini hatching at Gosner stage 25 from epiphyllous egg masses. These eggs are laid on top of leaves above water in fast-flowing sections of the stream. Photos by A. Catenazzi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215389/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
); fighting behavior unknown; (18) in adult males, SVL 30.5 ± 0.3 (range
|
||
<quantity id="4CC24BF5AD019F17197EF968FF6FF239" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.04" metricValueMax="3.12" metricValueMin="2.96" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="30.4" valueMax="31.2" valueMin="29.6">29.6–31.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
; n = 5); females unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C320B59BAD019F1C1C9BF8AFFD3FF28A" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85E610AD019F101C9BF8AFFB82F421" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD019F171C9BF8AFFE42F215" bold="true" box="[201,491,1807,1832]" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="548158B2AD019F171D2FF8B0FE4FF215" box="[381,486,1808,1832]" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Adult male, SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4CC24BF5AD019F171E90F8B0FC82F215" box="[706,811,1808,1832]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.12" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="31.2">31.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Head width 118% of head length, 32% of SVL; head length 27% of SVL; snout rounded in dorsal view and obtuse or inclined anteroventrally in lateral profile; canthus rostralis indistinct, straight; loreal region slightly concave; nostril ovoid, directed dorsolaterally on protuberance, closer to tip of snout than to eye; internarial area slightly depressed. Eye moderately large, ED 40% of HL, directed anterolaterally; greatest diagonal EW 82% of IOD; transverse diameter of disc of Finger
|
||
<date id="FF84C0D0AD019F1718F3F801FB4DF285" box="[1185,1252,1952,1976]" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" value="1965-03">III 65</date>
|
||
% eye diameter. Tympanum small, oriented laterally with slight posterior inclination; tympanic annulus not evident; supratympanic fold moderate, obscuring dorsal portion of tympanic annulus; tympanic membrane pigmented similarly to surrounding skin. Vomerine teeth absent; choanae widely separated and quadrangular; tongue ovoid, with ventral posterior third not attached to mouth floor and posterior margin notched. Vocal sac single, median, subgular; vocal slits extending posterolaterally from the posterolateral base of tongue to angle of jaws.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF45B698AD069F101CC5F992FBF3F3BB" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215386/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" targetBox="[187,1400,339,1562]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85E610AD069F101CC5F992FBF3F3BB" blockId="4.[151,1437,1586,1671]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD069F101CC5F992FEBAF375" bold="true" box="[151,275,1586,1609]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD069F101D01F993FDAEF374" box="[339,519,1587,1609]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sabini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD069F101D01F993FDAEF374" box="[339,519,1587,1609]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Centrolene sabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in life, holotype MUSM 27941 (adult male; SVL = 31.2 mm) in (A) dorsolateral, (B) dorsal and (C) ventral view (photos by A. Catenazzi). Female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD069F101EBAF9F1FC77F35A" box="[744,990,1617,1639]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lemniscatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD069F101EBAF9F1FC77F35A" box="[744,990,1617,1639]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Centrolene lemniscatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in life, MUSM 31085 (adult female; SVL = 27.2 mm) in (D) dorsolateral, (B) dorsal and (C) ventral view (photos by G. Gagliardi-Urrutia).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85E610AD069F101C9BF96CFAABF2DD" blockId="4.[151,1436,1740,2016]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">
|
||
Humeral spine present and visible externally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1301FA95AD069F101E80F96CFCBBF3D9" box="[722,786,1740,1764]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1586,1609]" captionTargetBox="[187,1400,339,1562]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[187,1400,339,1562]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Male Centrolene sabini in life, holotype MUSM 27941 (adult male; SVL = 31.2 mm) in (A) dorsolateral, (B) dorsal and (C) ventral view (photos by A. Catenazzi). Female Centrolene lemniscatum in life, MUSM 31085 (adult female; SVL = 27.2 mm) in (D) dorsolateral, (B) dorsal and (C) ventral view (photos by G. Gagliardi-Urrutia)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215386/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Hand length 132% of head length; digits broad, bearing narrow lateral fringes, including outer edge of Finger III and inner edge of Finger I; low ulnar fold visible. Relative lengths of fingers: III> IV> II> I; webbing absent between Fingers I and II and vestigial between fingers II and III; webbing formula for outer fingers:
|
||
<date id="FF84C0D0AD069F101ED5F899FD13F26D" box="[647,698,1848,1872]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">III 2</date>
|
||
½–2 ½IV; terminal discs subtruncate; width of disc on Finger III 61.5% of eye diameter; width of disc on Finger I 56.9% of that of Finger II. Subarticular tubercles broad, nearly as wide as digits, round, elevated; supernumerary tubercles prominent on proximal segments; palmar tubercle moderately large, ovoid with diagonal orientation, elevated, its length 12% of HnL. Prepollex slightly enlarged; nuptial pad present (
|
||
<typeStatus id="548158B2AD069F101D74F868FEC9F2DD" box="[294,352,1992,2016]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
I of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB9BE1AD069F101DC7F868FDB4F2DD" author="Flores" box="[405,541,1992,2016]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" refString="Flores G. 1985. A new Centrolenella (Anura) from Ecuador, with comments on nuptial pads and prepollical spines in Centrolenella. Journal of Herpetology, 13, 313 - 320." type="journal article" year="1985">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32DA680AD069F101DC7F868FE72F2DD" box="[405,475,1992,2016]" name="Indonesia" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Flores</collectingCountry>
|
||
1985
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), covering the proximal third of Finger I; prepollical spine absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF45B698AD079F111CC5FA02FECCF0EA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215387/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" targetBox="[456,1132,195,1418]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85E610AD079F111CC5FA02FECCF0EA" blockId="5.[151,1436,1442,1495]" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD079F111CC5FA02FEBAF085" bold="true" box="[151,275,1442,1465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
(A) Snout profile of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD079F111DB9FA03FD21F084" box="[491,648,1443,1465]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lemniscatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD079F111DB9FA03FD21F084" box="[491,648,1443,1465]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">C. lemniscatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<accessionNumber id="94697BF3AD079F111EC7FA03FCB8F085" box="[661,785,1443,1464]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KU217300" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">KU 217300</accessionNumber>
|
||
, holotype). (B) Snout profile of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD079F11180BFA03FB1DF084" box="[1113,1204,1443,1465]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sabini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD079F11180BFA03FB1DF084" box="[1113,1204,1443,1465]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">C. sabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MUSM 27941). Photos by A. Catenazzi.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85E610AD079F111C9BF9BDFC9CF230" blockId="5.[151,1437,1565,2021]" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32DA680AD079F111C9BF9BDFEA8F308" box="[201,257,1565,1589]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">Hind</collectingCountry>
|
||
limbs long, slender, length of tibia 55% of SVL, length of foot 49% of SVL; dermal fringes and tarsal tubercles absent; inner tarsal fold low, outer tarsal fold absent; inner metatarsal tubercle elongate and elliptical, low, measuring 10% of foot length; outer metatarsal tubercle absent. Toes moderately slender, bearing lateral fringes, including outer edge of Toe V and inner edge of Toe I; length of toes IV> V> III> II> I; toes about three-fifths webbed; webbing formula 1½– 2
|
||
<date id="FF84C0D0AD079F111E42F90DFD1CF3F8" box="[528,693,1709,1733]" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">II 1– 2III 2– 2</date>
|
||
½
|
||
<date id="FF84C0D0AD079F111E98F90DFC8AF3F8" box="[714,803,1709,1733]" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">IV3 – 2</date>
|
||
½V. Terminal discs subtruncate; width of digit on Toe
|
||
<date id="FF84C0D0AD079F1119C0F90EFF1DF3D4" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" value="1955-01">I 55</date>
|
||
% of that on Toe IV, which is 116% of that on Finger III; width of disc on Toe
|
||
<date id="FF84C0D0AD079F11184EF972FBF4F3D4" box="[1052,1117,1745,1769]" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" value="1986-04">IV 86</date>
|
||
% of width of disc on Finger IV. Subarticular tubercles as wide as digits, round, elevated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85E610AD079F111C9BF8B9FF66F2D8" blockId="5.[151,1437,1565,2021]" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">Skin on dorsal surfaces of head and body spiculate; skin on dorsal surfaces of limbs smooth. Flanks smooth dorsally, coarsely granular ventrally. Skin on belly and ventral surfaces of thighs coarsely granular; other ventral surfaces (including throat) smooth. Cloacal opening directed posteroventrally at upper level of thighs; cloacal sheath short and unmodified; cloacal tubercles small, fleshy, located immediately posterior to cloacal slit; para- and subclocal folds absent; one pair of moderately large, round, elevated tubercles on ventral surfaces of thighs below vent.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF45B698AD049F121CC5FF38FCE7F593" ID-Table-UUID="DF45B698AD049F121CC5FF38FCE7F593" box="[151,846,152,174]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF45B698AD049F121CC5FF38FCE7F593" pageId="6" pageNumber="62" targetBox="[151,1354,281,1000]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85E610AD049F121CC5FF38FCE7F593" blockId="6.[151,1354,152,264]" box="[151,846,152,174]" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD049F121CC5FF38FEADF590" bold="true" box="[151,260,152,173]" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements (in mm) of the types of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD049F121EC7FF38FCE0F593" box="[661,841,152,174]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sabini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD049F121EC7FF38FCE0F593" box="[661,841,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">Centrolene sabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85E610AD049F131D82FF6CFBB3F459" blockId="6.[151,1354,152,264]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,1185]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">
|
||
MUSM MUSM MUSM MUSM Character 27941 28017 28018 28019
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD059F131C9BFF37FECDF58D" bold="true" box="[201,356,151,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Color in life.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsum green with posterior elongate patches of yellowish-green; tips of spicules yellowishgreen; yellowish-white labial stripe continuous with distinct lateral stripe above insertion of arm extending to groin; flanks below lateral stripe yellow; narrow white stripe on outer edge of forearm and foot; digits pale yellowish-green; iridophores covering between half to two-thirds of the parietal (condition P3 of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB9BE1AD059F1318EAFEA4FEF6F402" author="Cisneros-Heredia" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" refString="Cisneros-Heredia, D. F. & McDiarmid, R. W. (2007) Revision of the characters of Centrolenidae (Amphibia: Anura: Athesphatanura), with comments on its taxonomy and the description of new taxa of glassfrogs. Zootaxa, 1572, 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="2007">Cisneros-Heredia & McDiarmid 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); heart not visible, iridophores covering the pericardium (condition
|
||
<date id="FF84C0D0AD059F13183EFE87FB27F402" box="[1132,1166,295,319]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">V1</date>
|
||
of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB9BE1AD059F1318EBFE87FEF4F459" author="Cisneros-Heredia" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" refString="Cisneros-Heredia, D. F. & McDiarmid, R. W. (2007) Revision of the characters of Centrolenidae (Amphibia: Anura: Athesphatanura), with comments on its taxonomy and the description of new taxa of glassfrogs. Zootaxa, 1572, 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="2007">Cisneros-Heredia & McDiarmid 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); bones green; iris silvery-bronze with fine black reticulations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85E610AD049F121CF7FEBAFA9DF6DA" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<table id="F93A14B0AD0460EB1CC5FEB9FAE3F6D5" box="[151,1354,281,1000]" gridcols="5" gridrows="19" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<tr id="350AE452AD0460EB1CC5FEB9FAE3F412" box="[151,1354,281,303]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<th id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1CC5FEB9FEA1F412" box="[151,264,281,303]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">Sex</th>
|
||
<th id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1D82FEB9FDA8F412" box="[464,513,281,303]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">male</th>
|
||
<th id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1F4EFEB9FCE4F412" box="[796,845,281,303]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">male</th>
|
||
<th id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB186BFEB9FBC3F412" box="[1081,1130,281,303]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">male</th>
|
||
<th id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1959FEB9FAE3F412" box="[1291,1354,281,303]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">male</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350AE452AD0460EB1CC5FEE0FAE3F46B" box="[151,1354,320,342]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<th id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1CC5FEE0FEA1F46B" box="[151,264,320,342]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">SVL</th>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1D82FEE0FDA8F46B" box="[464,513,320,342]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">31.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1F4EFEE0FCE4F46B" box="[796,845,320,342]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">29.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB186BFEE0FBC3F46B" box="[1081,1130,320,342]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">30.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1959FEE0FAE3F46B" box="[1291,1354,320,342]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">30.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350AE452AD0460EB1CC5FEC7FAE3F440" box="[151,1354,359,381]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<th id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1CC5FEC7FEA1F440" box="[151,264,359,381]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">TL</th>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1D82FEC7FDA8F440" box="[464,513,359,381]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">17.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1F4EFEC7FCE4F440" box="[796,845,359,381]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">16.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB186BFEC7FBC3F440" box="[1081,1130,359,381]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">16.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1959FEC7FAE3F440" box="[1291,1354,359,381]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">17.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350AE452AD0460EB1CC5FE2DFAE3F49E" box="[151,1354,397,419]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<th id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1CC5FE2DFEA1F49E" box="[151,264,397,419]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">FL</th>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1D82FE2DFDA8F49E" box="[464,513,397,419]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">15.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1F4EFE2DFCE4F49E" box="[796,845,397,419]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">14.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB186BFE2DFBC3F49E" box="[1081,1130,397,419]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">15.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1959FE2DFAE3F49E" box="[1291,1354,397,419]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">15.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350AE452AD0460EB1CC5FE15FAE3F4F7" box="[151,1354,437,458]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<th id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1CC5FE15FEA1F4F7" box="[151,264,437,458]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">HL</th>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1D82FE15FDA8F4F7" box="[464,513,437,458]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">8.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1F4EFE15FCE4F4F7" box="[796,845,437,458]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">8.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB186BFE15FBC3F4F7" box="[1081,1130,437,458]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">8.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1959FE15FAE3F4F7" box="[1291,1354,437,458]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">8.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350AE452AD0460EB1CC5FE7BFAE3F4CC" box="[151,1354,475,497]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<th id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1CC5FE7BFEA1F4CC" box="[151,264,475,497]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">HW</th>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1D82FE7BFDA8F4CC" box="[464,513,475,497]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">9.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1F4EFE7BFCE4F4CC" box="[796,845,475,497]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">9.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB186BFE7BFBC3F4CC" box="[1081,1130,475,497]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">9.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1959FE7BFAE3F4CC" box="[1291,1354,475,497]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">9.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350AE452AD0460EB1CC5FDA1FAE3F72A" box="[151,1354,513,535]" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<th id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1CC5FDA1FEA1F72A" box="[151,264,513,535]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">IOD</th>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1D82FDA1FDA8F72A" box="[464,513,513,535]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">2.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1F4EFDA1FCE4F72A" box="[796,845,513,535]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">3.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB186BFDA1FBC3F72A" box="[1081,1130,513,535]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">2.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1959FDA1FAE3F72A" box="[1291,1354,513,535]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">3.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350AE452AD0460EB1CC5FD88FAE3F703" box="[151,1354,552,574]" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<th id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1CC5FD88FEA1F703" box="[151,264,552,574]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">EW</th>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1D82FD88FDA8F703" box="[464,513,552,574]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">2.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1F4EFD88FCE4F703" box="[796,845,552,574]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">2.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB186BFD88FBC3F703" box="[1081,1130,552,574]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">2.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1959FD88FAE3F703" box="[1291,1354,552,574]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">2.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350AE452AD0460EB1CC5FDEFFAE3F758" box="[151,1354,591,613]" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<th id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1CC5FDEFFEA1F758" box="[151,264,591,613]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">IND</th>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1D82FDEFFDA8F758" box="[464,513,591,613]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">2.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1F4EFDEFFCE4F758" box="[796,845,591,613]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">2.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB186BFDEFFBC3F758" box="[1081,1130,591,613]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">2.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1959FDEFFAE3F758" box="[1291,1354,591,613]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">2.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350AE452AD0460EB1CC5FDD5FAE3F7B6" box="[151,1354,629,651]" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<th id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1CC5FDD5FEA1F7B6" box="[151,264,629,651]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">E–N</th>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1D82FDD5FDA8F7B6" box="[464,513,629,651]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">1.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1F4EFDD5FCE4F7B6" box="[796,845,629,651]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">1.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB186BFDD5FBC3F7B6" box="[1081,1130,629,651]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">1.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1959FDD5FAE3F7B6" box="[1291,1354,629,651]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">1.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350AE452AD0460EB1CC5FD3DFAE3F78F" box="[151,1354,669,690]" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<th id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1CC5FD3DFEA1F78F" box="[151,264,669,690]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">Eye D</th>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1D82FD3DFDA8F78F" box="[464,513,669,690]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">3.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1F4EFD3DFCE4F78F" box="[796,845,669,690]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">3.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB186BFD3DFBC3F78F" box="[1081,1130,669,690]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">3.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1959FD3DFAE3F78F" box="[1291,1354,669,690]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">3.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350AE452AD0460EB1CC5FD63FAE3F7E4" box="[151,1354,707,729]" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<th id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1CC5FD63FEA1F7E4" box="[151,264,707,729]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">Tymp D</th>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1D82FD63FDA8F7E4" box="[464,513,707,729]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">0.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1F4EFD63FCE4F7E4" box="[796,845,707,729]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">0.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB186BFD63FBC3F7E4" box="[1081,1130,707,729]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">0.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1959FD63FAE3F7E4" box="[1291,1354,707,729]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">0.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350AE452AD0460EB1CC5FD4AFAE3F63D" box="[151,1354,746,768]" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<th id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1CC5FD4AFEA1F63D" box="[151,264,746,768]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">E–T</th>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1D82FD4AFDA8F63D" box="[464,513,746,768]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">1.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1F4EFD4AFCE4F63D" box="[796,845,746,768]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">1.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB186BFD4AFBC3F63D" box="[1081,1130,746,768]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">1.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1959FD4AFAE3F63D" box="[1291,1354,746,768]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">1.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350AE452AD0460EB1CC5FCB0FAE3F61B" box="[151,1354,784,806]" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<th id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1CC5FCB0FEA1F61B" box="[151,264,784,806]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">RL</th>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1D82FCB0FDA8F61B" box="[464,513,784,806]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">6.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1F4EFCB0FCE4F61B" box="[796,845,784,806]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">6.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB186BFCB0FBC3F61B" box="[1081,1130,784,806]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">6.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1959FCB0FAE3F61B" box="[1291,1354,784,806]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">7.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350AE452AD0460EB1CC5FC97FAE3F670" box="[151,1354,823,845]" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<th id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1CC5FC97FEA1F670" box="[151,264,823,845]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">Hand L</th>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1D82FC97FDA8F670" box="[464,513,823,845]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">10.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1F4EFC97FCE4F670" box="[796,845,823,845]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">10.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB186BFC97FBC3F670" box="[1081,1130,823,845]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">11.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1959FC97FAE3F670" box="[1291,1354,823,845]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">11.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350AE452AD0460EB1CC5FCFDFAE3F64E" box="[151,1354,861,883]" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<th id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1CC5FCFDFEA1F64E" box="[151,264,861,883]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">Finger I</th>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1D82FCFDFDA8F64E" box="[464,513,861,883]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">4.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1F4EFCFDFCE4F64E" box="[796,845,861,883]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">4.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB186BFCFDFBC3F64E" box="[1081,1130,861,883]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">5.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1959FCFDFAE3F64E" box="[1291,1354,861,883]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">4.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350AE452AD0460EB1CC5FC24FAE3F6A7" box="[151,1354,900,922]" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<th id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1CC5FC24FEA1F6A7" box="[151,264,900,922]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">Finger II</th>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1D82FC24FDA8F6A7" box="[464,513,900,922]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">4.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1F4EFC24FCE4F6A7" box="[796,845,900,922]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">5.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB186BFC24FBC3F6A7" box="[1081,1130,900,922]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">5.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1959FC24FAE3F6A7" box="[1291,1354,900,922]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">5.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350AE452AD0460EB1CC5FC0BFAE3F6FC" box="[151,1354,939,961]" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<th id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1CC5FC0BFEA1F6FC" box="[151,264,939,961]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">Disc F I</th>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1D82FC0BFDA8F6FC" box="[464,513,939,961]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">1.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1F4EFC0BFCE4F6FC" box="[796,845,939,961]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">1.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB186BFC0BFBC3F6FC" box="[1081,1130,939,961]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">1.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1959FC0BFAE3F6FC" box="[1291,1354,939,961]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">1.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350AE452AD0460EB1CC5FC72FAE3F6D5" box="[151,1354,978,1000]" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<th id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1CC5FC72FEA1F6D5" box="[151,264,978,1000]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">Disc F III</th>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1D82FC72FDA8F6D5" box="[464,513,978,1000]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">2.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1F4EFC72FCE4F6D5" box="[796,845,978,1000]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">2.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB186BFC72FBC3F6D5" box="[1081,1130,978,1000]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">1.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0460EB1959FC72FAE3F6D5" box="[1291,1354,978,1000]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">2.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF45B698AD049F121CC5F801FB4BF285" box="[151,1250,1953,1976]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215388/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="62" targetBox="[188,1398,1070,1929]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85E610AD049F121CC5F801FB4BF285" blockId="6.[151,1250,1953,1976]" box="[151,1250,1953,1976]" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD049F121CC5F801FEBBF28A" bold="true" box="[151,274,1953,1976]" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Hand (A) and foot (B) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD049F121E4FF802FD78F285" box="[541,721,1954,1976]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sabini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD049F121E4FF802FD78F285" box="[541,721,1954,1976]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">Centrolene sabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MUSM 27941, holotype). Photos by A. Catenazzi.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85E610AD059F131C9BFECFFAC6F72A" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1185]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD059F131C9BFECFFE65F4B5" bold="true" box="[201,460,367,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Color in preservative.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal surfaces of head and body pale lavender, limbs and venter cream; edge of upper lip and white lateral stripe distinct. Dense melanophores in skin of dorsal surfaces of head (including upper eyelid) and body; tips of spicules unpigmented; less dense melanophores in loreal and tympanic regions, on posterior side of dorsum and dorsal surfaces of forelimbs, thighs, shanks, tarsi, and fourth and fifth toes. Flanks, anterior and posterior surfaces of thighs, fingers and inert three toes, and all ventral surfaces are cream and lack melanophores.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85E610AD059F131C9BFD84FECEF7F1" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1185]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD059F131C9BFD84FD0DF701" bold="true" box="[201,676,547,572]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">
|
||
Measurements (in mm) of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548158B2AD059F131E64FD84FD36F701" box="[566,671,548,572]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
SVL = 31.2; tibia length = 17.5; foot length = 15.3; head length = 8.4; head width = 9.9; interorbital distance = 3.0; upper eyelid width = 2.5; internarial distance = 2.2; eye-to-nostril distance = 1.8; eye-to-nostril distance = 1.8; eye diameter = 3.4; tympanum diameter = 0.8; eye-tympanum distance = 1.6; radioulna length = 7.0; hand length = 11.0; Finger-I length = 4.7; Finger-II length = 5.5; and disc of Finger III = 2.2 (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B8D3ABAD059F131D50FD14FEFFF7F1" box="[258,342,692,716]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,235,152,173]" captionTargetBox="[151,1354,281,1000]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements (in mm) of the types of Centrolene sabini." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF45B698AD049F121CC5FF38FCE7F593" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" tableUuid="DF45B698AD049F121CC5FF38FCE7F593">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85E610AD059F131C9BFD77FC88F661" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1185]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD059F131C9BFD77FE97F7CD" bold="true" box="[201,318,727,752]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548158B2AD059F131E6AFD78FD0AF7CD" box="[568,675,728,752]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
are given in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B8D3ABAD059F131F66FD77FC21F7D2" box="[820,904,727,751]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,235,152,173]" captionTargetBox="[151,1354,281,1000]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements (in mm) of the types of Centrolene sabini." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF45B698AD049F121CC5FF38FCE7F593" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" tableUuid="DF45B698AD049F121CC5FF38FCE7F593">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
. Only males are known. There is little variation in coloration among these specimens. In MUSM 28017 and MUSM 28018 the spicules are green and cannot easily be distinguished from the background dorsal coloration. Furthermore, in MUSM 28019 the lateral stripe is thin between the edge of the mouth and point of arm insertion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85E610AD059F131C9BFCC7FD6BF19D" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1185]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD059F131C9BFCC7FD3BF6BD" bold="true" box="[201,658,871,896]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Reproduction and advertisement call.</emphasis>
|
||
The advertisement call consists of 8–14 peaked notes with emphasized frequencies between 2597–3919 Hz (Catenazzi
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD059F131EBCFC2DFC8FF699" box="[750,806,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009; as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD059F131FC0FC2CFBA7F699" box="[914,1038,908,932]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD059F131FC0FC2CFBA7F699" box="[914,1038,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Centrolene</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.). All recorded calls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD059F131965FC2DFA35F699" box="[1335,1436,908,932]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sabini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD059F131965FC2DFA35F699" box="[1335,1436,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">C. sabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
displayed consistent patterns of amplitude modulation that are unusual among centrolenid frogs. Length of calls recorded at 12°C varied between 3089–7563 ms when the call included only a series of 6–11 notes, and 8537–10111 ms when the first series of notes was followed by a second series of 3 notes. These two series of notes were separated by intervals of
|
||
<date id="FF84C0D0AD059F131DA3FBBCFDC6F109" box="[497,623,1052,1076]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" value="1459" valueMax="1652">1459–1652</date>
|
||
ms. Advertisement calls were separated by intervals of 258 ms on average. A complete description of the advertisement call on the basis of vocalizations produced by two specimens (MUSM 27941,
|
||
<typeStatus id="548158B2AD059F131D06FBC4FE1FF141" box="[340,438,1124,1148]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and MUSM 17966) was provided by Catenazzi
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD059F131FB0FBC5FBB5F141" box="[994,1052,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009). Epiphyllous egg clutches contained between 35 and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3C2D99AD059F131D93FB28FDBEF19C" box="[449,535,1160,1185]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" type="egg">45 eggs</specimenCount>
|
||
(n = 5;
|
||
<figureCitation id="1301FA95AD059F131E22FB28FD1CF19D" box="[624,693,1160,1184]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1982,2005]" captionTargetBox="[281,1305,1228,1958]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[281,1305,1228,1959]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tadpoles of Centrolene sabini hatching at Gosner stage 25 from epiphyllous egg masses. These eggs are laid on top of leaves above water in fast-flowing sections of the stream. Photos by A. Catenazzi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215389/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF45B698AD059F131CC5F81EFBB3F2CE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215389/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" targetBox="[281,1305,1228,1958]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85E610AD059F131CC5F81EFBB3F2CE" blockId="7.[151,1436,1982,2035]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD059F131CC5F81EFEBDF2E9" bold="true" box="[151,276,1982,2005]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Tadpoles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD059F131DC9F81FFDF9F2E8" box="[411,592,1983,2005]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sabini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD059F131DC9F81FFDF9F2E8" box="[411,592,1983,2005]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Centrolene sabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
hatching at Gosner stage 25 from epiphyllous egg masses. These eggs are laid on top of leaves above water in fast-flowing sections of the stream. Photos by A. Catenazzi.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF45B698AD0A9F1C1CC5FA3DFD02F0CD" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215390/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="64" targetBox="[200,1389,209,1407]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85E610AD0A9F1C1CC5FA3DFD02F0CD" blockId="8.[151,1436,1437,1521]" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD0A9F1C1CC5FA3DFEBCF08E" bold="true" box="[151,277,1437,1460]" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
(A) Maximum-likelihood phylogeny estimated from mitochondrial DNA sequences depicting the phylogenetic relationships of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD0A9F1C1D6BFA1CFE44F0EF" box="[313,493,1468,1490]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sabini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD0A9F1C1D6BFA1CFE44F0EF" box="[313,493,1468,1490]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">Centrolene sabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for (A) 16S ribosomal RNA gene, (B) ND1 gene, and (C) the two genes combined. Nonparametric bootstrap values greater than 50% are shown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85E610AD0A9F1C1C9BF996FE6BF34E" blockId="8.[151,1436,1590,1976]" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD0A9F1C1C9BF996FDA5F372" bold="true" box="[201,524,1590,1615]" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">Phylogenetic relationships.</emphasis>
|
||
The phylogenetic analysis of both genes and the combined dataset resulted in similar topologies (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1301FA95AD0A9F1C1D22F9FBFE1DF34E" box="[368,436,1627,1651]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1437,1460]" captionTargetBox="[200,1389,209,1407]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[187,1400,193,1416]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. (A) Maximum-likelihood phylogeny estimated from mitochondrial DNA sequences depicting the phylogenetic relationships of Centrolene sabini for (A) 16 S ribosomal RNA gene, (B) ND 1 gene, and (C) the two genes combined. Nonparametric bootstrap values greater than 50 % are shown." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215390/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85E610AD0A9F1C1C9BF9DFFD3FF28A" blockId="8.[151,1436,1590,1976]" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">
|
||
The combined mitochondrial tree and the 16S topology show that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD0A9F1C1F94F9DFFB26F3AA" box="[966,1167,1663,1687]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sabini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD0A9F1C1F94F9DFFB26F3AA" box="[966,1167,1663,1687]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">Centrolene sabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD0A9F1C19D0F920FF75F386" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lynchi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD0A9F1C19D0F920FF75F386" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">C. lynchi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD0A9F1C1D41F904FE38F386" box="[275,401,1699,1723]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muelleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD0A9F1C1D41F904FE38F386" box="[275,401,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">C. muelleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1301FA95AD0A9F1C1DF3F903FE4DF386" box="[417,484,1699,1723]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1437,1460]" captionTargetBox="[200,1389,209,1407]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[187,1400,193,1416]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. (A) Maximum-likelihood phylogeny estimated from mitochondrial DNA sequences depicting the phylogenetic relationships of Centrolene sabini for (A) 16 S ribosomal RNA gene, (B) ND 1 gene, and (C) the two genes combined. Nonparametric bootstrap values greater than 50 % are shown." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215390/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A, C). The phylogeny based on ND1 places
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD0A9F1C1F8BF904FB97F386" box="[985,1086,1699,1723]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lynchi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD0A9F1C1F8BF904FB97F386" box="[985,1086,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">C. lynchi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the sister taxon of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD0A9F1C1964F904FA35F386" box="[1334,1436,1699,1723]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sabini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD0A9F1C1964F904FA35F386" box="[1334,1436,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">C. sabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1301FA95AD0A9F1C1CCDF967FF4BF3E2" box="[159,226,1735,1759]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1437,1460]" captionTargetBox="[200,1389,209,1407]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[187,1400,193,1416]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. (A) Maximum-likelihood phylogeny estimated from mitochondrial DNA sequences depicting the phylogenetic relationships of Centrolene sabini for (A) 16 S ribosomal RNA gene, (B) ND 1 gene, and (C) the two genes combined. Nonparametric bootstrap values greater than 50 % are shown." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215390/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
B; ND1 sequences were not available for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD0A9F1C1EE0F968FC86F3E2" box="[690,815,1735,1759]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muelleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD0A9F1C1EE0F968FC86F3E2" box="[690,815,1735,1759]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">C. muelleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Our phylogenetic analyses confirm that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD0A9F1C1957F968FA2BF3E2" box="[1285,1410,1735,1759]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD0A9F1C1957F968FA2BF3E2" box="[1285,1410,1735,1759]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">C. buckleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not closely related to the new species, despite similarities in morphology (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB9BE1AD0A9F1C1FB3F94BFB12F23E" author="Bolivar" box="[993,1211,1771,1795]" pageId="8" pageNumber="64" refString="Bolivar, W., Grant, T. & Osorio, L. A. (1999) Combat behavior in Centrolene buckleyi and other centrolenid frogs. Alytes, 16, 77 - 83." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Bolívar
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD0A9F1C186CF94CFBD1F23E" box="[1086,1144,1771,1795]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB9BE1AD0A9F1C189AF94BFA31F23E" author="Bernal" box="[1224,1432,1771,1795]" pageId="8" pageNumber="64" refString="Bernal, M. H., Montealegre, D. P. & Paez, C. A. (2004) Estudio de la vocalizacion de trece especies de anuros del Municipio de Ibague, Colombia. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias, 28, 385 - 390." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Bernal
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD0A9F1C1949F94CFAFDF23E" box="[1307,1364,1771,1795]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB9BE1AD0A9F1C1CC5F8AFFE01F21A" author="Guayasamin" box="[151,424,1807,1831]" pageId="8" pageNumber="64" refString="Guayasamin, J. M., Bustamante, M. R., Almeida-Reinoso, D. & Funk, W. C. (2006) Glassfrogs (Centrolenidae) of Yanayacu Biological Station, Ecuador, with the description of a new species and comments on centrolenid systematics. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 147, 489 - 513." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Guayasamin
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD0A9F1C1D79F8B0FECDF21A" box="[299,356,1807,1831]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Catenazzi
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD0A9F1C1E7EF8B0FDCCF21A" box="[556,613,1807,1831]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009). Additionally, six species that until now were placed in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD0A9F1C1CC5F893FEBAF276" box="[151,275,1843,1867]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD0A9F1C1CC5F893FEBAF276" box="[151,275,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">Centrolene</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB9BE1AD0A9F1C1D24F893FD34F276" author="Guayasamin" box="[374,669,1843,1867]" pageId="8" pageNumber="64" refString="Guayasamin, J. M., Castroviejo-Fisher, S., Trueb, L., Ayarzaguena, J., Rada, M. & Vila, C. (2009) Phylogenetic systematics of Glassfrogs (Amphibia: Centrolenidae) and their sister taxon Allophryne ruthveni. Zootaxa, 2100, 1 - 97." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Guayasamin
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD0A9F1C1E5DF894FDFCF276" box="[527,597,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">et al.,</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) based on morphological traits (i.e.,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD0A9F1C1833F893FEE0F252" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD0A9F1C1833F893FB03F276" box="[1121,1194,1843,1867]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ballux">ballux</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD0A9F1C18EEF893FAA2F276" box="[1212,1291,1843,1867]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="condor">condor</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD0A9F1C194FF893FA3EF276" box="[1309,1431,1843,1867]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heloderma">heloderma</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD0A9F1C1CC5F8F7FF5EF252" box="[151,247,1879,1903]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="huilense">huilense</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD0A9F1C1D57F8F7FEE0F252" box="[261,329,1879,1903]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lynchi">lynchi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD0A9F1C1DDEF8F7FE40F252" box="[396,489,1879,1903]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muelleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD0A9F1C1DDEF8F7FE40F252" box="[396,489,1879,1903]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">muelleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) show a close phylogenetic affinity with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD0A9F1C1F9EF8F7FBEEF252" box="[972,1095,1879,1903]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD0A9F1C1F9EF8F7FBEEF252" box="[972,1095,1879,1903]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">Centrolene</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, although taxon sampling only included species of one additional genus (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD0A9F1C1EA1F8DBFC28F2AE" box="[755,897,1915,1939]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD0A9F1C1EA1F8DBFC28F2AE" box="[755,897,1915,1939]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">Nymphargus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Therefore, it is likely that placement of these six species in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD0A9F1C1DF6F83FFD89F28A" box="[420,544,1951,1975]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD0A9F1C1DF6F83FFD89F28A" box="[420,544,1951,1975]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">Centrolene</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is correct.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF45B698AD0B9F1D1CC5F8F1FE36F2DF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215391/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" targetBox="[208,1386,195,1847]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85E610AD0B9F1D1CC5F8F1FE36F2DF" blockId="9.[151,1436,1873,2018]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD0B9F1D1CC5F8F1FEBAF25B" bold="true" box="[151,275,1873,1896]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution of the seven species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD0B9F1D1EDEF8F1FD52F25A" box="[652,763,1873,1895]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD0B9F1D1EDEF8F1FD52F25A" box="[652,763,1873,1895]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Centrolene</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
known to occur in Peru. Six of the seven species are only known from their type locality, shown on this map. The only species with a type locality outside of Peru is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD0B9F1D18D0F8D1FB5DF2BB" box="[1154,1268,1904,1926]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD0B9F1D18D0F8D1FB5DF2BB" box="[1154,1268,1904,1926]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">C. buckleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the locality reported here is for specimen KU 181884 (Duellman & Wild 1993).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD0B9F1D1F06F82FFBE2F298" box="[852,1099,1935,1957]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lemniscatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD0B9F1D1F06F82FFBE2F298" box="[852,1099,1935,1957]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Centrolene lemniscatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD0B9F1D182FF82FFB46F298" box="[1149,1263,1935,1957]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muelleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD0B9F1D182FF82FFB46F298" box="[1149,1263,1935,1957]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">C. muelleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are the only two species known to occur sympatrically in Peru. The generic placement of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD0B9F1D1FF3F80DFBF5F2FE" box="[929,1116,1965,1987]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="azulae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD0B9F1D1FF3F80DFBF5F2FE" box="[929,1116,1965,1987]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Centrolene azulae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD0B9F1D18C7F80EFAB1F2FE" box="[1173,1304,1965,1987]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fernandoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD0B9F1D18C7F80EFAB1F2FE" box="[1173,1304,1965,1987]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">C. fernandoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is uncertain (Guayasamin
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD0B9F1D1D76F86DFEFEF2DF" box="[292,343,1996,2018]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C320B59BAD089F1E1C9BFF37FCE9F491" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85E610AD089F1E1C9BFF37FCE9F491" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,1400]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD089F1E1C9BFF37FE5FF58D" bold="true" box="[201,502,151,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD089F1E1DAFFF38FD6CF58D" box="[509,709,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sabini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD089F1E1DAFFF38FD6CF58D" box="[509,709,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Centrolene sabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is only known from elevations between
|
||
<date id="FF84C0D0AD089F1E18C2FF37FA91F592" box="[1168,1336,151,175]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" value="2750" valueMax="2800">
|
||
2750 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CC24BF5AD089F1E1952FF37FA91F592" box="[1280,1336,151,175]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="2800.0">2800</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
m in the Kosñipata valley, upper Manu National Park. The species was first collected and recorded on
|
||
<date id="FF84C0D0AD089F1E188FFF1CFA35F5E9" box="[1245,1436,188,213]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" value="1999-01-28">28 January 1999</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB9BE1AD089F1E1CCCFF7FFE43F5CA" author="Catenazzi" box="[158,490,223,247]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" refString="Catenazzi, A. & Rodriguez, L. (2001) Diversidad, distribucion y abundancia de anuros en la parte alta de la Reserva de Biosfera del Manu. In: Rodriguez, L. (ed.). El Manu y otras experiencias de investigacion y manejo de bosques neotropicales. Pro-Manu, Cusco (Peru), pp. 53 - 57." type="book chapter" year="2001">Catenazzi & Rodríguez 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Males were active and calling at night temperatures ranging between 11.0–12.7°C. Sympatric frog species include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD089F1E1DAFFEA4FD5DF421" box="[509,756,260,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Bryophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nubilosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD089F1E1DAFFEA4FD5DF421" box="[509,756,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Bryophryne nubilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD089F1E1F56FEA4FB99F421" box="[772,1072,260,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antoniiochoai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD089F1E1F56FEA4FB99F421" box="[772,1072,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Gastrotheca antoniiochoai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD089F1E1812FEA5FB5BF421" box="[1088,1266,260,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulanastes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD089F1E1812FEA5FB5BF421" box="[1088,1266,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">G. nebulanastes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD089F1E1953FEA4FF7DF47D" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Noblella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pygmaea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD089F1E1953FEA4FF7DF47D" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Noblella pygmaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD089F1E1CB7FE88FE31F47D" box="[229,408,296,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Oreobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lehri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD089F1E1CB7FE88FE31F47D" box="[229,408,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Oreobates lehri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD089F1E1DF8FE89FD4CF47D" box="[426,741,296,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pharangobates">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD089F1E1DF8FE89FD4CF47D" box="[426,741,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Pristimantis pharangobates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD089F1E1EA4FE88FB9DF47D" box="[758,1076,296,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Psychrophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="usurpator">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD089F1E1EA4FE88FB9DF47D" box="[758,1076,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Psychrophrynella usurpator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD089F1E1814FE88FB67F47D" box="[1094,1230,296,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Telmatobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD089F1E1814FE88FB67F47D" box="[1094,1230,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Telmatobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB9BE1AD089F1E1958FE87FE83F459" author="Lehr" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" refString="Lehr, E. & Catenazzi, A. (2008) A new species of Bryophryne (Amphibia: Strabomantidae) from southern Peru. Zootaxa, 1784, 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="2008">Lehr & Catenazzi 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2009;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB9BE1AD089F1E1DDCFEECFD32F459" author="Duellman" box="[398,667,332,356]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" refString="Duellman, W. E., Catenazzi, A. & Blackburn, D. (2011) A new species of marsupial frog (Anura: Hemiphractidae: Gastrotheca) from the Andes of southern Peru. Zootaxa, 3095, 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Duellman
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD089F1E1E5FFEEDFDE6F459" box="[525,591,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Catenazzi
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD089F1E1F64FEEDFCD1F459" box="[822,888,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2011) reported the presence of the fungus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD089F1E1CC5FED0FDAFF4B5" box="[151,518,368,392]" class="Chytridiomycetes" genus="Batrachochytrium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rhizophydiales" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chytridiomycota" rank="species" species="dendrobatidis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD089F1E1CC5FED0FDAFF4B5" box="[151,518,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in several species of frogs from the Kosñipata Valley, but in none of the specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD089F1E1CA5FE35FEF5F491" box="[247,348,404,428]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sabini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD089F1E1CA5FE35FEF5F491" box="[247,348,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">C. sabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected in 2009 (n = 1) and 2010 (n = 4).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C320B59BAD089F1E1C95FE18FAFEF4C9" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85E610AD089F1E1C95FE18FAFEF4C9" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,1400]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD089F1E1C95FE18FEE7F4ED" bold="true" box="[199,334,440,464]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific name is dedicated to Andrew Sabin, in recognition of his support for herpetology. We propose the following common names: Sabin's glassfrog in English and
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD089F1E1F92FE7DFB7DF4C9" box="[960,1236,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD089F1E1F92FE7DFC52F4C9" box="[960,1019,477,500]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rana</taxonomicName>
|
||
de cristal de Sabin
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in Spanish.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C320B59BAD089F1E1C9BFE5FFE79F2A1" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85E610AD089F1E1C9BFE5FFD5AF7F1" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,1400]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD089F1E1C9BFE5FFEE7F725" bold="true" box="[201,334,511,536]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
Seven species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD089F1E1E48FDA0FD3FF725" box="[538,662,512,536]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD089F1E1E48FDA0FD3FF725" box="[538,662,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Centrolene</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been reported from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32DA680AD089F1E1FE8FDA0FC44F72A" box="[954,1005,512,535]" name="Peru" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1301FA95AD089F1E1FACFE5FFBEAF72A" box="[1022,1091,511,535]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1873,1896]" captionTargetBox="[208,1386,195,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[201,1388,195,1848]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Distribution of the seven species of Centrolene known to occur in Peru. Six of the seven species are only known from their type locality, shown on this map. The only species with a type locality outside of Peru is C. buckleyi, and the locality reported here is for specimen KU 181884 (Duellman & Wild 1993). Centrolene lemniscatum and C. muelleri are the only two species known to occur sympatrically in Peru. The generic placement of Centrolene azulae and C. fernandoi is uncertain (Guayasamin et al. 2009)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215391/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
), but the generic placement of half of these taxa is uncertain.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB9BE1AD089F1E1DBFFD84FCA0F701" box="[493,777,548,572]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" refString="Guayasamin, J. M., Castroviejo-Fisher, S., Trueb, L., Ayarzaguena, J., Rada, M. & Vila, C. (2009) Phylogenetic systematics of Glassfrogs (Amphibia: Centrolenidae) and their sister taxon Allophryne ruthveni. Zootaxa, 2100, 1 - 97." type="journal article">
|
||
Guayasamin
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD089F1E1ED2FD85FD11F701" box="[640,696,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD089F1E1F06FD85FC17F701" box="[852,958,548,572]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="azulae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD089F1E1F06FD85FC17F701" box="[852,958,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">C. azulae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD089F1E1FA6FD85FB28F701" box="[1012,1153,548,572]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fernandoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD089F1E1FA6FD85FB28F701" box="[1012,1153,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">C. fernandoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as “
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD089F1E18E1FD85FAE4F701" box="[1203,1357,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">incertae sedis</emphasis>
|
||
within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD089F1E1CC5FDE7FE9DF762" box="[151,308,583,607]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Centroleninae">Centroleninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
because molecular data are not available, and morphological and behavioral characters do not provide unambiguous evidence on their generic placement”. These two species differ from most other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD089F1E1937FDCDFF4CF795" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD089F1E1937FDCDFF4CF795" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Centrolene</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having vomerine teeth. A third species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD089F1E1EBDFD30FC08F795" box="[751,929,656,680]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lemniscatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD089F1E1EBDFD30FC08F795" box="[751,929,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">C. lemniscatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, was tentatively assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD089F1E18ABFD30FADCF795" box="[1273,1397,656,680]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD089F1E18ABFD30FADCF795" box="[1273,1397,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Centrolene</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB9BE1AD089F1E1CC5FD14FE1DF7F1" box="[151,436,692,716]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" refString="Guayasamin, J. M., Castroviejo-Fisher, S., Trueb, L., Ayarzaguena, J., Rada, M. & Vila, C. (2009) Phylogenetic systematics of Glassfrogs (Amphibia: Centrolenidae) and their sister taxon Allophryne ruthveni. Zootaxa, 2100, 1 - 97." type="journal article">
|
||
Guayasamin
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD089F1E1D78FD15FECBF7F1" box="[298,354,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
on the basis of morphology.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85E610AD089F1E1C9BFD77FE6AF6F5" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,1400]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
|
||
The new species presents a combination of morphological and behavioral characteristics that is typical of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD089F1E1C8DFD5CFDD6F629" authority="Guayasamin et al. 2009" authorityName="Guayasamin et al." authorityYear="2009" box="[223,639,764,788]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD089F1E1C8DFD5CFEF3F629" box="[223,346,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Centrolene</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB9BE1AD089F1E1D3AFD5CFDD1F629" author="Guayasamin" box="[360,632,764,788]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" refString="Guayasamin, J. M., Castroviejo-Fisher, S., Trueb, L., Ayarzaguena, J., Rada, M. & Vila, C. (2009) Phylogenetic systematics of Glassfrogs (Amphibia: Centrolenidae) and their sister taxon Allophryne ruthveni. Zootaxa, 2100, 1 - 97." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Guayasamin
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD089F1E1DAEFD5DFD9CF629" box="[508,565,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These traits include the presence of humeral spines and nuptial pads in males, a tetralobed liver covered by a translucent hepatic peritoneum, a white ventral peritoneum anteriorly (concealing the heart) and translucent posteriorly, green bones, melanophores giving a lavender coloration in preservative, males calling from the upper side of leaves, and females depositing eggs on the upper side of leaves along forest streams. On the basis of these characteristics, and the phylogenetic trees presented in
|
||
<figureCitation id="1301FA95AD089F1E18E2FC2CFB5CF699" box="[1200,1269,908,932]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1437,1460]" captionTargetBox="[200,1389,209,1407]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[187,1400,193,1416]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. (A) Maximum-likelihood phylogeny estimated from mitochondrial DNA sequences depicting the phylogenetic relationships of Centrolene sabini for (A) 16 S ribosomal RNA gene, (B) ND 1 gene, and (C) the two genes combined. Nonparametric bootstrap values greater than 50 % are shown." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215390/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
, we assign the new species to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD089F1E1D13FC10FE14F6F5" box="[321,445,944,968]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD089F1E1D13FC10FE14F6F5" box="[321,445,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Centrolene</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85E610AD089F1E1C9BFC74FAC0F04A" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,1400]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
|
||
The discovery of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD089F1E1DCAFC74FDCAF6D1" box="[408,611,980,1004]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sabini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD089F1E1DCAFC74FDCAF6D1" box="[408,611,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Centrolene sabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
considerably extends the geographic range of the genus from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548158B2AD089F1E193EFC75FA35F6D0" box="[1388,1436,981,1005]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD089F1E1D46FC58FE29F12D" box="[276,384,1016,1040]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="azulae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD089F1E1D46FC58FE29F12D" box="[276,384,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">C. azulae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Cordillera Central in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32DA680AD089F1E1F63FC59FCCCF12D" box="[817,869,1017,1040]" name="Peru" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB9BE1AD089F1E1F24FC57FB02F132" author="Flores" box="[886,1195,1015,1039]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" refString="Flores, G. & McDiarmid, R. W. (1989) Two new species of South American Centrolenella (Anura: Centrolenidae) related to C. mariae. Herpetologica, 45, 401 - 411." type="journal article" year="1989">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32DA680AD089F1E1F24FC57FC14F132" box="[886,957,1015,1039]" name="Indonesia" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Flores</collectingCountry>
|
||
& McDiarmid 1989
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) to the Cordillera de Paucartambo in southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32DA680AD089F1E1DE7FBBDFE45F109" box="[437,492,1053,1076]" name="Peru" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
. However, another species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD089F1E1F6EFBBCFC11F109" box="[828,952,1052,1076]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD089F1E1F6EFBBCFC11F109" box="[828,952,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Centrolene</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from photographic records taken in a stream at
|
||
<quantity id="4CC24BF5AD089F1E1D66FB9FFE20F165" box="[308,393,1087,1112]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="1750.0">1750 m</quantity>
|
||
in Santuario Nacional Megantoni (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0E80D7AD089F1E1F46FB9FFC08F16A" box="[788,929,1087,1111]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" precision="15" value="-12.1866665">12°11’12” S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0E80D7AD089F1E1FFFFB9FFBEFF165" box="[941,1094,1087,1112]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" precision="15" value="-72.47">72°28’12” W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4CC24BF5AD089F1E1803FB9FFB0FF16A" box="[1105,1190,1087,1111]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" unit="km" value="145.0">145 km</quantity>
|
||
NW of the Kosñipata Valley;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB9BE1AD089F1E1CBCFBC4FD93F141" author="Rodriguez" box="[238,570,1124,1148]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" refString="Rodriguez, L. & Catenazzi, A. (2005) Anfibios y reptiles / Amphibians and reptiles. In: Peru: Megantoni. Rapid Biological Inventories 15, pp. 199 - 204. The Field Museum, Chicago." type="journal article" year="2005">Rodríguez & Catenazzi 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We are unable to assess whether the geographic ranges of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD089F1E188EFBC5FAEAF141" box="[1244,1347,1124,1148]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sabini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD089F1E188EFBC5FAEAF141" box="[1244,1347,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">C. sabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the species from Santuario Nacional Megantoni are disjunct from that of other congeneric species, because the montane forests on the eastern slopes of the Peruvian Andes have been poorly explored. However, along the elevational gradient of the Kosñipata Valley, intensive sampling of amphibian communities over the past decade revealed the presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD089F1E1D70FB55FE20F031" box="[290,393,1268,1292]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sabini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD089F1E1D70FB55FE20F031" box="[290,393,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">C. sabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in only two adjacent high-elevation streams (Catenazzi
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD089F1E1843FB55FBE5F031" box="[1041,1100,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011). The elevational range does not overlap with that of other centrolenid species known to occur in this valley (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB9BE1AD089F1E1819FAB8FB54F00D" author="Duellman" box="[1099,1277,1304,1328]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" refString="Duellman, W. E. (1976) Centrolenid frogs from Peru. Occasional Papers Museum of Natural History University of Kansas, 52, 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="1976">Duellman 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB9BE1AD089F1E195AFAB8FEE0F069" author="Cannatella" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" refString="Cannatella, D. C. & Duellman, W. E. (1982) Two new species of Centrolenella, with a brief review of the genus in Peru and Bolivia. Herpetologica, 38, 380 - 388." type="journal article" year="1982">Cannatella & Duellman 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Catenazzi
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD089F1E1D9DFA9DFDA0F069" box="[463,521,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009), or with the elevational range of any other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD089F1E1897FA9CFAE9F069" box="[1221,1344,1340,1364]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD089F1E1897FA9CFAE9F069" box="[1221,1344,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Centrolene</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32DA680AD089F1E193BFA9DFA35F069" box="[1385,1436,1341,1364]" name="Peru" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Table 2). Therefore,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD089F1E1DD4FAC0FE42F045" box="[390,491,1376,1400]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sabini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD089F1E1DD4FAC0FE42F045" box="[390,491,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">C. sabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems to occupy a narrow elevational and geographical range in southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32DA680AD089F1E197CFAC0FACCF04A" box="[1326,1381,1376,1399]" name="Peru" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85E610AD089F1E1CC5FA0AFB01F3C1" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<table id="F93A14B0AD0860EB1CC5FA0AFAF2F3C3" box="[151,1371,1450,1790]" gridcols="3" gridrows="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<tr id="350AE452AD0860EB1CC5FA0AFAF2F0FE" box="[151,1371,1450,1475]" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<th id="76DB8D2EAD0860EB1CC5FA0AFE61F0FE" box="[151,456,1450,1475]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD089F1E1CC5FA0AFEB9F0FE" bold="true" box="[151,272,1450,1475]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Geographic and
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76DB8D2EAD0860EB1D82FA0AFB88F0FE" box="[464,1057,1450,1475]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
|
||
elevational ranges of the seven species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD089F1E1FF4FA0BFB88F0FE" box="[934,1057,1451,1475]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD089F1E1FF4FA0BFB88F0FE" box="[934,1057,1451,1475]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Centrolene</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76DB8D2EAD0860EB187AFA0AFAF2F0FE" box="[1064,1371,1450,1475]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">known to occur in Peru.</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350AE452AD0860EB1CC5FA7DFAF2F0CE" box="[151,1371,1501,1523]" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<th id="76DB8D2EAD0860EB1CC5FA7DFE61F0CE" box="[151,456,1501,1523]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Species</th>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0860EB1D82FA7DFB88F0CE" box="[464,1057,1501,1523]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Known distribution</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0860EB187AFA7DFAF2F0CE" box="[1064,1371,1501,1523]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Elevational range in Peru</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350AE452AD0860EB1CC5F9A1FAF2F32A" box="[151,1371,1537,1559]" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<th id="76DB8D2EAD0860EB1CC5F9A1FE61F32A" box="[151,456,1537,1559]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD089F1E1CCEF9A2FF51F32A" box="[156,248,1537,1559]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sabini" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD089F1E1CCEF9A2FF51F32A" box="[156,248,1537,1559]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">C. sabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27D8779AD089F1E1CAFF9A2FEE5F32A" box="[253,332,1538,1559]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0860EB1D82F9A1FB88F32A" box="[464,1057,1537,1559]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Peru: Kosñipata Valley, Cusco</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0860EB187AF9A1FAF2F32A" box="[1064,1371,1537,1559]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">2750–2800 m</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350AE452AD0860EB1CC5F985FAF2F300" box="[151,1371,1573,1597]" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<th id="76DB8D2EAD0860EB1CC5F985FE61F300" box="[151,456,1573,1597]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD089F1E1CCEF988FF55F300" box="[156,252,1575,1597]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="azulae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD089F1E1CCEF988FF55F300" box="[156,252,1575,1597]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">C. azulae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
1
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0860EB1D82F985FB88F300" box="[464,1057,1573,1597]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Peru: Cordillera Azul, Huánuco</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0860EB187AF985FAF2F300" box="[1064,1371,1573,1597]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">1600 m</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350AE452AD0860EB1CC5F9EBFAF2F359" box="[151,1371,1611,1636]" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<th id="76DB8D2EAD0860EB1CC5F9EBFE61F359" box="[151,456,1611,1636]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD089F1E1CCEF9EFFEA6F359" box="[156,271,1614,1636]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD089F1E1CCEF9EFFEA6F359" box="[156,271,1614,1636]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">C. buckleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
2
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0860EB1D82F9EBFB88F359" box="[464,1057,1611,1636]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Peru, Ecuador, Colombia</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0860EB187AF9EBFAF2F359" box="[1064,1371,1611,1636]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">3010 m</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350AE452AD0860EB1CC5F9D2FAF2F3B6" box="[151,1371,1650,1675]" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<th id="76DB8D2EAD0860EB1CC5F9D2FE61F3B6" box="[151,456,1650,1675]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD089F1E1CCEF9D5FEB5F3B6" box="[156,284,1653,1675]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fernandoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD089F1E1CCEF9D5FEB5F3B6" box="[156,284,1653,1675]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">C. fernandoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
3
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0860EB1D82F9D2FB88F3B6" box="[464,1057,1650,1675]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Peru: W slope of Abra Tangarana, San Martín</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0860EB187AF9D2FAF2F3B6" box="[1064,1371,1650,1675]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">1080 m</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350AE452AD0860EB1CC5F938FAF2F38C" box="[151,1371,1688,1713]" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<th id="76DB8D2EAD0860EB1CC5F938FE61F38C" box="[151,456,1688,1713]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD089F1E1CCEF93CFE8DF38C" box="[156,292,1691,1713]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hesperium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD089F1E1CCEF93CFE8DF38C" box="[156,292,1691,1713]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">C. hesperium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
4
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0860EB1D82F938FB88F38C" box="[464,1057,1688,1713]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Peru: Río Zaña watershed, Cajamarca</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0860EB187AF938FAF2F38C" box="[1064,1371,1688,1713]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">1500–1800</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350AE452AD0860EB1CC5F91FFAF2F3E5" box="[151,1371,1727,1752]" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<th id="76DB8D2EAD0860EB1CC5F91FFE61F3E5" box="[151,456,1727,1752]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD089F1E1CCEF963FE93F3E5" box="[156,314,1730,1752]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lemniscatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD089F1E1CCEF963FE93F3E5" box="[156,314,1730,1752]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">C. lemniscatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
3
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0860EB1D82F91FFB88F3E5" box="[464,1057,1727,1752]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Peru: Rio Nieva watershed, Amazonas and San Martín</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0860EB187AF91FFAF2F3E5" box="[1064,1371,1727,1752]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">2000–2280 m</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350AE452AD0860EB1CC5F946FAF2F3C3" box="[151,1371,1766,1790]" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<th id="76DB8D2EAD0860EB1CC5F946FE61F3C3" box="[151,456,1766,1790]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9D93AD089F1E1CCEF949FEA6F3C3" box="[156,271,1768,1790]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muelleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E3A02AD089F1E1CCEF949FEA6F3C3" box="[156,271,1768,1790]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">C. muelleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
3
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0860EB1D82F946FB88F3C3" box="[464,1057,1766,1790]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Peru: Rioja, San Martín</td>
|
||
<td id="76DB8D2EAD0860EB187AF946FAF2F3C3" box="[1064,1371,1766,1790]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">2000 m</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85E610AD089F1E1CC5F8BFFE0AF264" blockId="10.[151,464,1823,1948]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
|
||
1
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB9BE1AD089F1E1CF6F881FE6AF205" author="Flores" box="[164,451,1825,1848]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" refString="Flores, G. & McDiarmid, R. W. (1989) Two new species of South American Centrolenella (Anura: Centrolenidae) related to C. mariae. Herpetologica, 45, 401 - 411." type="journal article" year="1989">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32DA680AD089F1E1CF6F881FF4AF20A" box="[164,227,1825,1847]" name="Indonesia" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Flores</collectingCountry>
|
||
& McDiarmid (1989)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
2
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB9BE1AD089F1E1CF6F8E2FE0AF264" author="Duellman" box="[164,419,1858,1881]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" refString="Duellman, W. E. & Wild, E. R. (1993) Anuran amphibians from the Cordillera de Huancabamba, northern Peru: systematics, ecology, and biogeography. Occasional Papers Museum of Natural History University of Kansas, 157, 1 - 53." type="journal article" year="1993">Duellman & Wild (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85E610AD089F1E1CC5F8C1FE79F2A1" blockId="10.[151,464,1823,1948]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
|
||
3
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB9BE1AD089F1E1CF6F8C4FE67F247" author="Duellman" box="[164,462,1892,1914]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" refString="Duellman, W. E. & Schulte, R. (1993) New species of centrolenid frogs from northern Peru. Occasional Papers Museum of Natural History University of Kansas, 155, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1993">Duellman and Schulte (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
4
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB9BE1AD089F1E1CF6F825FE79F2A1" author="Cadle" box="[164,464,1925,1948]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" refString="Cadle, J. E. & McDiarmid, R. W. (1990) Two new species of Centrolenella (Anura: Centrolenidae) from northwestern Peru. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 103, 746 - 768." type="journal article" year="1990">Cadle and McDiarmid (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |