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<document id="867120BE20574D421DEF2DE3A194889D" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.157661" ID-GBIF-Dataset="65483b24-e197-4508-9c49-50fb2a6ec291" ID-ISSN="1175­5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="157661" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461014164758" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Julka, J. M., Blanchart, Eric &amp; Chapuis-Lardy, Lydie" docDate="2004" docId="C067F90D25799B55FEEC9A05C60BFAAE" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00486.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 486" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Shimodrilus bhatkalensis Julka, Blanchart &amp; Chapuis-Lardy, 2004, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="3C5E817525739B59FFE49E33C252FFDA" masterDocTitle="New genera and new species of earthworms (Oligochaeta: Octochaetidae) from Western Ghats, South India" masterLastPageNumber="27" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1698568502420" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="E87BCC2233B4ABE03310ED37057D9030">New genera and new species of earthworms (Oligochaeta: Octochaetidae) from Western Ghats, South India</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="814648EA59FCC34A4B273A86DAFBD4F3">Julka, J. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7B6C4DC8A1375AA242C9B5A6E7145381">Blanchart, Eric</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="70D2B605FFA61BA0ABB8207565DC324D">Chapuis-Lardy, Lydie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="965EC5CD53153BE9D1DA641BE6D051E8">2004</mods:date>
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<treatment id="C067F90D25799B55FEEC9A05C60BFAAE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6269564" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119601047" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6269564" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C067F90D25799B55FEEC9A05C60BFAAE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C067F90D25799B55FEEC9A05C60BFAAE" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<subSubSection id="00D41B9025799B53FEEC9A05C0F2FB8A" box="[264,672,1078,1104]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="4871481B25799B53FEEC9A05C0F2FB8A" blockId="10.[264,672,1078,1104]" box="[264,672,1078,1104]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="1339FF7725799B53FEEC9A05C0F2FB8A" bold="true" box="[264,672,1078,1104]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="1">
<emphasis id="7ABA940925799B53FEEC9A05C0F2FB8A" bold="true" box="[264,672,1078,1104]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="8FCE339825799B53FEEC9A05C069FB8A" box="[264,571,1078,1104]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Shimodrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bhatkalensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7ABA940925799B53FEEC9A05C069FB8A" bold="true" box="[264,571,1078,1104]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Shimodrilus bhatkalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6189297225799B53FDA79A05C0F2FB8A" box="[579,672,1078,1104]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="00D41B9025799B53FEEC9AB2C012FA51" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="4871481B25799B53FEEC9AB2C117FB31" blockId="10.[264,1323,1153,1899]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="7ABA940925799B53FEEC9AB2C0B1FB41" bold="true" box="[264,739,1153,1179]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<typeStatus id="9775F6B925799B53FEEC9AB2C317FB41" box="[264,325,1153,1179]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Type</typeStatus>
material:
<collectingCountry id="30D9088B25799B53FE3A9AB2C06BFB41" box="[478,569,1153,1179]" name="India" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">INDIA</collectingCountry>
: Karnataka:
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="9775F6B925799B53FD129AB2C10FFB41" box="[758,861,1153,1179]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="2EDFD0DE25799B53FC939AB2C187FB41" box="[887,981,1153,1179]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">HAZFS</collectionCode>
/ZSI An797), clitellate, 11
<typeStatus id="9775F6B925799B53FEEC9A9AC32AFB19" box="[264,376,1193,1219]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="2EDFD0DE25799B53FE6C9A9AC3B4FB19" box="[392,486,1193,1219]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">HAZFS</collectionCode>
/ZSI An798), clitellate, Bhatkal road, [
<geoCoordinate id="2DFA2EDC25799B53FC4A9A9AC642FB19" box="[942,1040,1193,1219]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="14.05">14°03'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="2DFA2EDC25799B53FBFD9A9AC629FB19" box="[1049,1147,1193,1219]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="74.71667">74°43'E</geoCoordinate>
],
<quantity id="8F36E5FE25799B53FB6B9A9AC687FB19" box="[1167,1237,1193,1219]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.279999999999999" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="628.0">628m</quantity>
, undisturbed evergreen forest,
<date id="3C706EDB25799B53FDC29AE2C0EEFB31" box="[550,700,1233,1259]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2001-08">August 2001</date>
(L. Lardy).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4871481B25799B53FEDC9ACAC012FA51" blockId="10.[264,1323,1153,1899]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="7ABA940925799B53FEDC9ACAC116FAC9" bold="true" box="[312,836,1273,1299]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Additional Material:
<collectingCountry id="30D9088B25799B53FDAC9ACAC0F1FAC9" box="[584,675,1273,1299]" name="India" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">INDIA</collectingCountry>
: Karnataka:
</emphasis>
coll. E. Blanchart: 1 aclitellate, 3 clitellate,
<quantity id="8F36E5FE25799B53FEA69B12C3DFFAE1" box="[322,397,1313,1339]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="km" value="12.0">12 km</quantity>
from Kogar down to Bhatkal [
<geoCoordinate id="2DFA2EDC25799B53FD1E9B12C10CFAE1" box="[762,862,1313,1339]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="14.066667">14°04'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="2DFA2EDC25799B53FC829B12C19BFAE1" box="[870,969,1313,1339]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="74.683334">74°41'E</geoCoordinate>
],
<quantity id="8F36E5FE25799B53FC399B12C670FAE1" box="[989,1058,1313,1339]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="150.0">150m</quantity>
, forest,
<date id="3C706EDB25799B53FB659B12C774FAE1" box="[1153,1318,1313,1339]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1991-10">October 1991</date>
; coll. L. Lardy: 5 clitellate, Herbettu, [
<geoCoordinate id="2DFA2EDC25799B53FD5A9B7AC173FAB9" box="[702,801,1353,1379]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="13.95">13°57'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="2DFA2EDC25799B53FCCC9B7AC1D8FAB9" box="[808,906,1353,1379]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="74.78333">74°47'E</geoCoordinate>
],
<quantity id="8F36E5FE25799B53FC799B7AC1B1FAB9" box="[925,995,1353,1379]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="690.0">690m</quantity>
, moderately disturbed evergreen forest,
<date id="3C706EDB25799B53FE469B42C06EFA51" box="[418,572,1393,1419]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2001-08">August 2001</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="00D41B9025799B53FEDC9BAAC3F4F8B1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="4871481B25799B53FEDC9BAAC3F4F989" blockId="10.[264,1323,1153,1899]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="7ABA940925799B53FEDC9BAAC3E5FA69" bold="true" box="[312,439,1433,1459]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Spermathecal pores paired, presetal, just anterior to setal arcs or about equidistant from setal arcs and intersegmental furrows on segments 8 and 9, at about mid
<emphasis id="7ABA940925799B53FEEC9BDAC377F9D8" box="[264,293,1513,1538]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ab</emphasis>
on 8, slightly median to
<emphasis id="7ABA940925799B53FDAF9BDAC00BF9D8" box="[587,601,1513,1538]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">b</emphasis>
lines on 9; setae
<emphasis id="7ABA940925799B53FCC19BDAC166F9D8" box="[805,820,1513,1538]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">a</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="7ABA940925799B53FCA79BDAC100F9D8" box="[835,850,1513,1538]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">b</emphasis>
on 8 copulatory; vas deferens discharge on to body surface through a pear shaped muscular body; each spermatheca with a bifid diverticulum.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4871481B25799B53FEDC9852C3F4F8B1" blockId="10.[264,1323,1153,1899]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
So far known species of
<taxonomicName id="8FCE339825799B53FD8E9852C0A5F9A0" box="[618,759,1633,1658]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Shimodrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7ABA940925799B53FD8E9852C0A5F9A0" box="[618,759,1633,1658]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Shimodrilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="8FCE339825799B53FCEE9852C1EFF9A0" box="[778,957,1633,1658]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Shimodrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bhatkalensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7ABA940925799B53FCEE9852C1EFF9A0" box="[778,957,1633,1658]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. bhatkalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6189297225799B53FC2C9852C674F9A1" box="[968,1062,1633,1659]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="8FCE339825799B53FB819852C6ADF9A0" box="[1125,1279,1633,1658]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Shimodrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="karniensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7ABA940925799B53FB819852C6ADF9A0" box="[1125,1279,1633,1658]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. karniensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6189297225799B53FAED9852C368F979" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(described elsewhere in this paper) can be easily distinguished from each other by the location of spermathecal pores on segments 8 and 9 (
<figureCitation id="D0F5549E25799B53FC9D9882C65AF911" box="[889,1032,1713,1739]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 23" captionStartId="11.[264,382,1702,1726]" captionTargetBox="[300,1271,323,1665]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[300,1281,323,1676]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 13 23. Shimodrilus bhatkalensis sp. nov. (13 16): 13, genital region; 14, penial seta; 15, spermatheca; 16, copulatory seta. Shimodrilus karniensis sp. nov. (17 19): 17, genital region; 18, penial seta; 19, spermatheca. Herbettodrilus bahli sp. nov. (20 23): 20, genital region; 21, penial seta; 22, spermatheca; 23, copulatory seta. Scale bar 4.0 mm (17, 20), 2.5 mm (13), 1.5 mm (19, 22), 0.5 mm (15), 0.1 mm (21, 23), 0.05 mm (14, 16, 18)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157664/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs. 13, 17</figureCitation>
); presence of copulatory setae in
<taxonomicName id="8FCE339825799B53FE8A98EAC053F928" box="[366,513,1753,1778]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Shimodrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bhatkalensis">
<emphasis id="7ABA940925799B53FE8A98EAC053F928" box="[366,513,1753,1778]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">bhatkalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as opposed to absent in
<taxonomicName id="8FCE339825799B53FCD498EAC1FAF928" box="[816,936,1753,1778]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Shimodrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="karniensis">
<emphasis id="7ABA940925799B53FCD498EAC1FAF928" box="[816,936,1753,1778]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">karniensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; vas deferens discharging on to body surface through a muscular body in
<taxonomicName id="8FCE339825799B53FD109932C1D5F8C0" box="[756,903,1793,1818]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Shimodrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bhatkalensis">
<emphasis id="7ABA940925799B53FD109932C1D5F8C0" box="[756,903,1793,1818]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">bhatkalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
rather than directly on to body surface as in
<taxonomicName id="8FCE339825799B53FE66991AC3A8F898" box="[386,506,1833,1858]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Shimodrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="karniensis">
<emphasis id="7ABA940925799B53FE66991AC3A8F898" box="[386,506,1833,1858]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">karniensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; spermathecae unidiverticulate in
<taxonomicName id="8FCE339825799B53FC77991AC674F898" box="[915,1062,1833,1858]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Shimodrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bhatkalensis">
<emphasis id="7ABA940925799B53FC77991AC674F898" box="[915,1062,1833,1858]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">bhatkalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
versus bidiverticulate in
<taxonomicName id="8FCE339825799B53FEC29962C3CCF8B0" box="[294,414,1873,1898]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Shimodrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="karniensis">
<emphasis id="7ABA940925799B53FEC29962C3CCF8B0" box="[294,414,1873,1898]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">karniensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="1CB1189325789B52FEEC9895C1CCF892" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157664/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" targetBox="[300,1271,323,1665]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="4871481B25789B52FEEC9895C1CCF892" blockId="11.[264,1323,1702,1864]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="7ABA940925789B52FEEC9895C383F964" bold="true" box="[264,465,1702,1726]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURES 1323.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8FCE339825789B52FE3E9895C0BBF967" box="[474,745,1702,1725]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Shimodrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bhatkalensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7ABA940925789B52FE3E9895C0BBF967" box="[474,745,1702,1725]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Shimodrilus bhatkalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6189297225789B52FD169895C115F967" box="[754,839,1702,1725]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(1316): 13, genital region; 14, penial seta; 15, spermatheca; 16, copulatory seta.
<taxonomicName id="8FCE339825789B52FD4098FAC1C8F93A" box="[676,922,1737,1760]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Shimodrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="karniensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7ABA940925789B52FD4098FAC1C8F93A" box="[676,922,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Shimodrilus karniensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6189297225789B52FC4098FAC1AAF93A" box="[932,1016,1737,1760]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(1719): 17, genital region; 18, penial seta; 19, spermatheca.
<taxonomicName id="8FCE339825789B52FD6498DFC10DF8D9" box="[640,863,1772,1795]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Herbettodrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bahli" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7ABA940925789B52FD6498DFC10DF8D9" box="[640,863,1772,1795]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Herbettodrilus bahli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6189297225789B52FC8E98DFC193F8D9" box="[874,961,1772,1795]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(2023): 20, genital region; 21, penial seta; 22, spermatheca; 23, copulatory seta. Scale bar 4.0 mm (17, 20), 2.5 mm (13), 1.5 mm (19, 22), 0.5 mm (15), 0.1 mm (21, 23), 0.05 mm (14, 16, 18).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="00D41B90257F9B55FEDC9F28C749FAFE" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
<paragraph id="4871481B257F9B55FEDC9F28C0B2FDFC" blockId="12.[264,1323,283,1396]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="7ABA9409257F9B55FEDC9F28C39DFEEF" bold="true" box="[312,463,283,309]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Description.</emphasis>
Length
<quantity id="8F36E5FE257F9B55FDD59F2FC0E1FEEC" box="[561,691,284,310]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.15" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="4.8" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="51.5" valueMax="55.0" valueMin="48.0">4855 mm</quantity>
, diameter
<quantity id="8F36E5FE257F9B55FCC89F2FC1F4FEEC" box="[812,934,284,310]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="2.0">22.5 mm</quantity>
, 127130 segments. Prostomium proepilobic, retracted. First dorsal pore 8/9. Clitellum 1416. Setae
<emphasis id="7ABA9409257F9B55FBC09F77C613FE87" box="[1060,1089,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">aa</emphasis>
= 3.5
<emphasis id="7ABA9409257F9B55FB699F77C6F8FE87" box="[1165,1194,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">ab</emphasis>
= 0.8
<emphasis id="7ABA9409257F9B55FB139F77C741FE87" box="[1271,1299,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">bc</emphasis>
= 1.2
<emphasis id="7ABA9409257F9B55FED09F5FC31DFE5F" box="[308,335,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">cd</emphasis>
= 0.17
<emphasis id="7ABA9409257F9B55FE489F5FC39BFE5F" box="[428,457,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">dd</emphasis>
on 12,
<emphasis id="7ABA9409257F9B55FDC79F5FC012FE5F" box="[547,576,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">aa</emphasis>
= 3.3
<emphasis id="7ABA9409257F9B55FD689F5FC0FBFE5F" box="[652,681,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">ab</emphasis>
= 1.1
<emphasis id="7ABA9409257F9B55FD129F5FC143FE5F" box="[758,785,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">bc</emphasis>
= 2
<emphasis id="7ABA9409257F9B55FCAD9F5FC137FE5F" box="[841,869,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">cd</emphasis>
= 0.22
<emphasis id="7ABA9409257F9B55FC249F5FC18FFE5F" box="[960,989,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">dd</emphasis>
on 24;
<emphasis id="7ABA9409257F9B55FBDC9F5FC615FE5F" box="[1080,1095,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">a</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="7ABA9409257F9B55FBB19F5FC636FE5F" box="[1109,1124,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">b</emphasis>
on 8 copulatory. Male pores minute, at
<emphasis id="7ABA9409257F9B55FDFD9FA7C07AFE77" box="[537,552,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">b</emphasis>
lines; prostatic pores slightly lateral to
<emphasis id="7ABA9409257F9B55FBE39FA7C644FE77" box="[1031,1046,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">a</emphasis>
lines; seminal grooves concave. Spermathecal pores tiny, presetal, just anterior to setal arcs or about equidistant from setal arcs and intersegmental furrows on segments 8 and 9, at about mid
<emphasis id="7ABA9409257F9B55FB219FD7C6B0FE27" box="[1221,1250,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">ab</emphasis>
on 8, slightly median to
<emphasis id="7ABA9409257F9B55FE079C3FC3A0FDFF" box="[483,498,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">b</emphasis>
lines on 9 (
<figureCitation id="D0F5549E257F9B55FD9F9C3FC080FDFC" box="[635,722,524,550]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 23" captionStartId="11.[264,382,1702,1726]" captionTargetBox="[300,1271,323,1665]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[300,1281,323,1676]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 13 23. Shimodrilus bhatkalensis sp. nov. (13 16): 13, genital region; 14, penial seta; 15, spermatheca; 16, copulatory seta. Shimodrilus karniensis sp. nov. (17 19): 17, genital region; 18, penial seta; 19, spermatheca. Herbettodrilus bahli sp. nov. (20 23): 20, genital region; 21, penial seta; 22, spermatheca; 23, copulatory seta. Scale bar 4.0 mm (17, 20), 2.5 mm (13), 1.5 mm (19, 22), 0.5 mm (15), 0.1 mm (21, 23), 0.05 mm (14, 16, 18)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157664/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4871481B257F9B55FEDC9C07C66AFC6C" blockId="12.[264,1323,283,1396]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<collectingCountry id="30D9088B257F9B55FEDC9C07C32BFD94" box="[312,377,564,590]" name="Spain" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Septa</collectingCountry>
5/6 slightly muscular,
<date id="3C706EDB257F9B55FD659C07C0A5FD94" box="[641,759,564,590]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1912-07-06" valueMax="1912-11-06" valueMin="1912-07-06">6/711/12</date>
muscular. Intestine begins in 19, typhlosole 25 91 (67 segments). Last pair of hearts in 13. Testes and male funnels free in 10 and 11; vas deferens discharge on to body surface through a pear­shaped muscular body in 18; seminal vesicles in 11 and 12. Penial setae (
<figureCitation id="D0F5549E257F9B55FD4C9C9FC0AFFD1C" box="[680,765,684,710]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 23" captionStartId="11.[264,382,1702,1726]" captionTargetBox="[300,1271,323,1665]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[300,1281,323,1676]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 13 23. Shimodrilus bhatkalensis sp. nov. (13 16): 13, genital region; 14, penial seta; 15, spermatheca; 16, copulatory seta. Shimodrilus karniensis sp. nov. (17 19): 17, genital region; 18, penial seta; 19, spermatheca. Herbettodrilus bahli sp. nov. (20 23): 20, genital region; 21, penial seta; 22, spermatheca; 23, copulatory seta. Scale bar 4.0 mm (17, 20), 2.5 mm (13), 1.5 mm (19, 22), 0.5 mm (15), 0.1 mm (21, 23), 0.05 mm (14, 16, 18)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157664/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
) ornamented with broken rings of short spines, tip pointed and slightly excavated on one side, shaft bent,
<quantity id="8F36E5FE257F9B55FC2E9CE7C625FD34" box="[970,1143,724,750]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.45" metricValueMax="7.7" metricValueMin="7.199999999999999" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="0.745" valueMax="0.77" valueMin="0.72">0.720.77 mm</quantity>
long, 1518 diameter. Spermathecae paired (
<figureCitation id="D0F5549E257F9B55FD699CCFC0BAFCCC" box="[653,744,764,790]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 23" captionStartId="11.[264,382,1702,1726]" captionTargetBox="[300,1271,323,1665]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[300,1281,323,1676]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 13 23. Shimodrilus bhatkalensis sp. nov. (13 16): 13, genital region; 14, penial seta; 15, spermatheca; 16, copulatory seta. Shimodrilus karniensis sp. nov. (17 19): 17, genital region; 18, penial seta; 19, spermatheca. Herbettodrilus bahli sp. nov. (20 23): 20, genital region; 21, penial seta; 22, spermatheca; 23, copulatory seta. Scale bar 4.0 mm (17, 20), 2.5 mm (13), 1.5 mm (19, 22), 0.5 mm (15), 0.1 mm (21, 23), 0.05 mm (14, 16, 18)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157664/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
), in 8 and 9, each with a shortly stalked, bifid (sometimes completely divided) diverticulum, at about middle and anterior face of duct, which is about as long as ampulla. Copulatory setae (
<figureCitation id="D0F5549E257F9B55FC6D9D7FC1B2FCBC" box="[905,992,844,870]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 23" captionStartId="11.[264,382,1702,1726]" captionTargetBox="[300,1271,323,1665]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[300,1281,323,1676]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 13 23. Shimodrilus bhatkalensis sp. nov. (13 16): 13, genital region; 14, penial seta; 15, spermatheca; 16, copulatory seta. Shimodrilus karniensis sp. nov. (17 19): 17, genital region; 18, penial seta; 19, spermatheca. Herbettodrilus bahli sp. nov. (20 23): 20, genital region; 21, penial seta; 22, spermatheca; 23, copulatory seta. Scale bar 4.0 mm (17, 20), 2.5 mm (13), 1.5 mm (19, 22), 0.5 mm (15), 0.1 mm (21, 23), 0.05 mm (14, 16, 18)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157664/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
) ornamented with marginal scale­like spines, a longitudinal row of excavations and a few short transverse rows of 34 small spines, tip claw­shaped,
<quantity id="8F36E5FE257F9B55FD8A9DAFC14BFC6C" box="[622,793,924,950]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="4.1" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="0.4" valueMax="0.41" valueMin="0.39">0.390.41 mm</quantity>
long, 1417 diameter.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4871481B257F9B55FEDC9DF7C658FBDC" blockId="12.[264,1323,283,1396]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="7ABA9409257F9B55FEDC9DF7C3B9FC04" bold="true" box="[312,491,964,990]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Reproduction.</emphasis>
Presumably biparental; parthenogenesis suspected in some individuals with small seminal vesicles and shriveled spermathecal ampullae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4871481B257F9B55FEDC9A27C3ADFB8C" blockId="12.[264,1323,283,1396]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="7ABA9409257F9B55FEDC9A27C3C8FBF4" bold="true" box="[312,410,1044,1070]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ingesta.</emphasis>
Mostly light brown fine mineral soil with scattered particles of quartz and black organic matter.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4871481B257F9B55FEDC9A57C1ADFB0E" blockId="12.[264,1323,283,1396]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="7ABA9409257F9B55FEDC9A57C3ADFBA4" bold="true" box="[312,511,1124,1150]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ecological data.</emphasis>
This species is restricted to forests with the soil characteristics: OM content
<quantity id="8F36E5FE257F9B55FE8E9ABCC3FBFB73" box="[362,425,1167,1193]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="8.2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="g" value="8.2">8.2 g</quantity>
100g­1 soil, C/N 12.6, clay content 43%, bulk density 0.94 Mg m­3, pH (water) 4.9, cations 12.2 cmol kg­1 soil, CEC 21.4 cmol kg­1 soil.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4871481B257F9B55FEDC9AD2C749FAFE" blockId="12.[264,1323,283,1396]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="7ABA9409257F9B55FEDC9AD2C062FB21" bold="true" box="[312,560,1249,1275]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ecological category.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8FCE3398257F9B55FDDD9AD1C0BAFB21" box="[569,744,1250,1275]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Shimodrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bhatkalensis">
<emphasis id="7ABA9409257F9B55FDDD9AD1C0BAFB21" box="[569,744,1250,1275]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. bhatkalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears to be endogeic based on the information provided by intestinal ingesta and form of typhlosole, and absence of body pigmentation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="00D41B90257F9B55FEDC9B02C659FA96" box="[312,1035,1329,1356]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="4871481B257F9B55FEDC9B02C659FA96" blockId="12.[264,1323,283,1396]" box="[312,1035,1329,1356]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="7ABA9409257F9B55FEDC9B02C396FA91" bold="true" box="[312,452,1329,1355]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species is named after the locality Bhatkal.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="00D41B90257F9B55FEDC9B6AC60BFAAE" box="[312,1113,1369,1396]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="4871481B257F9B55FEDC9B6AC60BFAAE" blockId="12.[264,1323,283,1396]" box="[312,1113,1369,1396]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="7ABA9409257F9B55FEDC9B6AC3E3FAA9" bold="true" box="[312,433,1369,1395]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Remarks.</emphasis>
Referred as Genus B sp1 in
<bibRefCitation id="2C5F35EA257F9B55FCF09B69C604FAAE" author="Blanchart" box="[788,1110,1370,1396]" pageId="12" pageNumber="26" refString="Blanchart, E. and Julka, J. M. (1997) Influence of forest disturbance on earthworm communities in the Western Ghats, South India. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 29, 303 - 306." type="journal article" year="1997">Blanchart and Julka (1997)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>