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<document id="A1E7F1D230FDDB5A850E466C0EADCAF9" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3869.5.8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="da45bda9-36bf-4ce9-8071-de224b8fa1ee" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="225688" ID-ZooBank="9AB89018-05A0-4E00-B289-B0D924C10D67" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460925927279" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="López-García, Margarita M., Gasca-Álvarez, Héctor J. &amp; Amat-García, Germán" docDate="2014" docId="9705FF6D0B68FFC2FF130795FA6F641F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03869p584.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3869 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Tomarus colombianus Lopez-Garcia &amp; Gasca-Alvarez, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="583" masterDocId="6B3C87150B69FFC6FF84070DFFF36000" masterDocTitle="A new species of Tomarus Erichson, 1847 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini), with a key to the species in Colombia" masterLastPageNumber="584" masterPageNumber="579" pageNumber="580" updateTime="1698362467898" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="E1E3D12E492FD320FDBD6249EA110133" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="3F271C34DF843719FD203034B44F7549">A new species of Tomarus Erichson, 1847 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini), with a key to the species in Colombia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="40099ECE66E4100AF4CD631FBA07D30C">López-García, Margarita M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A4D8F777BF6207B1A22DE02390C1EE39">Gasca-Álvarez, Héctor J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="6432B7132E421BF2AC8C8B7214A3D15C" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="ACE0EFA22B1A20C98D28F4A1E299E692">Amat-García, Germán</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="472BBAC214F2506A4733622B3280DE81">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="D8B0B28671E44C70CCC26CC249210544">
<mods:date id="A2688EA94DD0B9F0638FC658308289D2">2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="FFE5EBAD43451FF813FC348FCF0E1606" type="volume">
<mods:number id="5C02DB3DF7A3D94792656094E9E28875">3869</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="75FF4DFDAC5D06DB744C9A94FEB03B06" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3869.5.8</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="907B3533E6C1A8255577E207523FCBA0" type="GBIF-Dataset">da45bda9-36bf-4ce9-8071-de224b8fa1ee</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="84A0BBB9118C833FE66A401365A9BC75" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="9705FF6D0B68FFC2FF130795FA6F641F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5665431" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119589599" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5665431" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9705FF6D0B68FFC2FF130795FA6F641F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9705FF6D0B68FFC2FF130795FA6F641F" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="583" pageId="1" pageNumber="580">
<subSubSection id="57B61DF00B68FFC7FF130795FC5C60B0" box="[151,943,151,176]" pageId="1" pageNumber="580" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="1F134E7B0B68FFC7FF130795FC5C60B0" blockId="1.[151,943,151,176]" box="[151,943,151,176]" pageId="1" pageNumber="580">
<heading id="445BF9170B68FFC7FF130795FC5C60B0" bold="true" box="[151,943,151,176]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="580" reason="2">
<emphasis id="2DD892690B68FFC7FF130795FC5C60B0" bold="true" box="[151,943,151,176]" pageId="1" pageNumber="580">
<taxonomicName id="D8AC35F80B68FFC7FF130795FCEA60B0" authority="Lopez-Garcia &amp; Gasca-Alvarez" authorityName="Lopez-Garcia &amp; Gasca-Alvarez" box="[151,793,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Tomarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombianus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="2DD892690B68FFC7FF130795FE6B60B0" bold="true" box="[151,408,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="580">Tomarus colombianus</emphasis>
López-García &amp; Gasca-Álvarez
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="36EB2F120B68FFC7FCA1079AFC5C60B0" box="[805,943,151,176]" pageId="1" pageNumber="580" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="57B61DF00B68FFC7FF1307D2FE0161F4" pageId="1" pageNumber="580" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="1F134E7B0B68FFC7FF1307D2FE0161F4" blockId="1.[151,1437,223,501]" pageId="1" pageNumber="580">
<emphasis id="2DD892690B68FFC7FF1307D2FEB760F8" bold="true" box="[151,324,223,248]" pageId="1" pageNumber="580">
<typeStatus id="C017F0D90B68FFC7FF1307D2FF2160F8" box="[151,210,223,248]" pageId="1" pageNumber="580">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="C017F0D90B68FFC7FECF07D2FE4060F8" box="[331,435,223,248]" pageId="1" pageNumber="580" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male at
<collectionCode id="79BDD6BE0B68FFC7FD9507EDFDA660F8" box="[529,597,224,248]" pageId="1" pageNumber="580">CIUQ</collectionCode>
labeled “
<collectingCountry id="67BB0EEB0B68FFC7FD3A07EDFCA960F8" box="[702,858,224,248]" name="Colombia" pageId="1" pageNumber="580">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
: Dep. Valle del Cauca / Buenaventura / La Bocana /
<date id="6B1268BB0B68FFC7FF130609FEFE611D" box="[151,269,260,285]" pageId="1" pageNumber="580" value="2004-04-16">16.iv.2004</date>
/ Light trap /
<quantity id="D854E39E0B68FFC7FE230609FE21611C" box="[423,466,260,285]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="580" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
altitude/Serna F. Coll /
<collectionCode id="79BDD6BE0B68FFC7FD5F0609FCD3611C" box="[731,800,260,284]" pageId="1" pageNumber="580">CIUQ</collectionCode>
1505”. Allotype female at
<collectionCode id="79BDD6BE0B68FFC7FBD40609FB66611C" box="[1104,1173,260,284]" pageId="1" pageNumber="580">CIUQ</collectionCode>
labeled “
<collectingCountry id="67BB0EEB0B68FFC7FB790609FA6A611C" box="[1277,1433,260,284]" name="Colombia" pageId="1" pageNumber="580">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
: Dep. Valle del Cauca / Buenaventura / La Bocana /
<date id="6B1268BB0B68FFC7FD6D062AFC936140" box="[745,864,295,320]" pageId="1" pageNumber="580" value="2004-04-15">15.iv.2004</date>
/ Light trap /
<quantity id="D854E39E0B68FFC7FB870625FBC3613F" box="[1027,1072,296,320]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="580" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
altitude / Rivas L. Coll /
<collectionCode id="79BDD6BE0B68FFC7FADC0625FA6F6140" box="[1368,1436,296,320]" pageId="1" pageNumber="580">CIUQ</collectionCode>
1504”. One
<typeStatus id="C017F0D90B68FFC7FEA10640FE766165" box="[293,389,333,357]" pageId="1" pageNumber="580" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
male at
<collectionCode id="79BDD6BE0B68FFC7FE6F0641FDDC6164" box="[491,559,332,356]" pageId="1" pageNumber="580">CIUQ</collectionCode>
labeled “
<collectingCountry id="67BB0EEB0B68FFC7FD1A0641FCC96164" box="[670,826,332,356]" name="Colombia" pageId="1" pageNumber="580">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
: Dep. Valle del Cauca / Buenaventura / La Bocana /
<date id="6B1268BB0B68FFC7FF130662FEFE6188" box="[151,269,367,392]" pageId="1" pageNumber="580" value="2004-04-17">17.iv.2004</date>
/ Hand collecting /
<quantity id="D854E39E0B68FFC7FE6D0662FDE76187" box="[489,532,367,392]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="580" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
altitude / Serna F. Coll / ICN-MHN”. One
<typeStatus id="C017F0D90B68FFC7FC71067DFBA66188" box="[1013,1109,368,392]" pageId="1" pageNumber="580" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
female at ICN-MHN labeled “
<collectingCountry id="67BB0EEB0B68FFC7FF250699FECE61AC" box="[161,317,404,428]" name="Colombia" pageId="1" pageNumber="580">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
: Dep. Valle del Cauca/Buenaventura / La Bocana /
<date id="6B1268BB0B68FFC7FC070699FC2561AD" box="[899,982,404,429]" pageId="1" pageNumber="580" value="2004-04">iv.2004</date>
/ Light trap /
<quantity id="D854E39E0B68FFC7FBF10699FB5261AC" box="[1141,1185,404,428]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="580" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
altitude / Mendoza L. Coll /
<collectionCode id="79BDD6BE0B68FFC7FF6606B5FED561D0" box="[226,294,440,464]" pageId="1" pageNumber="580">CIUQ</collectionCode>
1507”. One
<typeStatus id="C017F0D90B68FFC7FE3806B5FDEF61D0" box="[444,540,440,464]" pageId="1" pageNumber="580" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
female at ICN-MHN labeled “
<collectingCountry id="67BB0EEB0B68FFC7FC0606B5FBED61D0" box="[898,1054,440,464]" name="Colombia" pageId="1" pageNumber="580">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
: Dep. Huila / Neiva /
<date id="6B1268BB0B68FFC7FAA406BAFA7861D0" box="[1312,1419,439,464]" pageId="1" pageNumber="580" value="1974-03-05">5.iii.1974</date>
/ Bagos A. I. Coll / ICN-MHN”.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="4BD31EF30B68FFC7FF13014EFEE16696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/225689/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="580" targetBox="[420,1168,573,1562]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph id="1F134E7B0B68FFC7FF13014EFEE16696" blockId="1.[151,1436,1603,1686]" pageId="1" pageNumber="580">
<emphasis id="2DD892690B68FFC7FF13014EFECF6659" bold="true" box="[151,316,1603,1625]" pageId="1" pageNumber="580">FIGURES 1–7.</emphasis>
(1–4)
<taxonomicName id="D8AC35F80B68FFC7FE070149FD976659" box="[387,612,1603,1625]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Tomarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombianus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="2DD892690B68FFC7FE070149FD976659" box="[387,612,1603,1625]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="580">Tomarus colombianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="36EB2F120B68FFC7FDE9014EFD1F6659" box="[621,748,1603,1625]" pageId="1" pageNumber="580" rank="species">
<emphasis id="2DD892690B68FFC7FDE9014EFD1F6659" bold="true" box="[621,748,1603,1625]" pageId="1" pageNumber="580">new species</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
. Holotype: 1) habitus in dorsal view, 2) habitus in lateral view, 3) head in dorsal view, 4) protibia. (5–7)
<taxonomicName id="D8AC35F80B68FFC7FD9D016EFD2C6678" box="[537,735,1634,1656]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Tomarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevicollis">
<emphasis id="2DD892690B68FFC7FD9D016EFD2C6678" box="[537,735,1634,1656]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="580">Tomarus laevicollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male: 5) habitus in dorsal view; 6) habitus in lateral view; 7) head in dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="57B61DF00B68FFC4FF4301B0FBC166AB" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="581" pageId="1" pageNumber="580" type="description">
<paragraph id="1F134E7B0B68FFC4FF4301B0FE4B61AC" blockId="1.[151,1437,1725,2003]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,151,429]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="581" pageId="1" pageNumber="580">
<emphasis id="2DD892690B68FFC7FF4301B0FEAA66D6" bold="true" box="[199,345,1725,1750]" pageId="1" pageNumber="580">Description.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="C017F0D90B68FFC7FEDB01B0FE3466D6" box="[351,455,1725,1750]" pageId="1" pageNumber="580" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="879752FE0B68FFC7FE5301B0FDB766D6" box="[471,580,1725,1750]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 7" captionStartId="1.[151,264,1603,1625]" captionTargetBox="[420,1168,573,1562]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[398,1189,555,1579]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 7. (1 – 4) Tomarus colombianus new species. Holotype: 1) habitus in dorsal view, 2) habitus in lateral view, 3) head in dorsal view, 4) protibia. (5 – 7) Tomarus laevicollis, male: 5) habitus in dorsal view; 6) habitus in lateral view; 7) head in dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/225689/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="580">Figs. 1–4</figureCitation>
). Male. Length
<quantity id="D854E39E0B68FFC7FD7101B3FCAF66D6" box="[757,860,1726,1750]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.91" pageId="1" pageNumber="580" unit="mm" value="19.1">19.1 mm</quantity>
; humeral width
<quantity id="D854E39E0B68FFC7FB9501B0FB9966D6" box="[1041,1130,1725,1750]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="580" unit="mm" value="9.5">9.5 mm</quantity>
. Color dark reddish brown, venter light reddish, except by sternites.
<emphasis id="2DD892690B68FFC7FDDB01EFFD5B66FB" bold="true" box="[607,680,1762,1787]" pageId="1" pageNumber="580">Head:</emphasis>
Frons coarsely rugose and grooved. Frontoclypeal region with two triangular to transverse tubercles separated by about 7.5 tubercle diameters (
<figureCitation id="879752FE0B68FFC7FBB50008FB8F671E" box="[1073,1148,1797,1822]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 7" captionStartId="1.[151,264,1603,1625]" captionTargetBox="[420,1168,573,1562]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[398,1189,555,1579]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 7. (1 – 4) Tomarus colombianus new species. Holotype: 1) habitus in dorsal view, 2) habitus in lateral view, 3) head in dorsal view, 4) protibia. (5 – 7) Tomarus laevicollis, male: 5) habitus in dorsal view; 6) habitus in lateral view; 7) head in dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/225689/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="580">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Clypeus subtriangular, narrowed; apex with 2 triangular teeth separated by less than a tooth diameter. Mandibles with 2 teeth and a basal lobe, dorsal surface concave. Antenna with 10 antennomeres, club subequal in length to antennomeres 2–7.
<emphasis id="2DD892690B68FFC7FF1A007FFED3678B" bold="true" box="[158,288,1906,1931]" pageId="1" pageNumber="580">Pronotum:</emphasis>
Surface nearly smooth with punctures over apical and lateral margins. Apical margin with a small tubercle not visible in lateral view; pronotal fovea very shallow, rugopunctate and about a half as wide as distance between eyes.
<emphasis id="2DD892690B68FFC7FEC000B7FE3667D3" bold="true" box="[324,453,1978,2003]" pageId="1" pageNumber="580">Scutellum:</emphasis>
Shape triangular; with deep punctures shaping 2 parallel lines that converge at the middle.
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6BFFC4FF77079AFEBA60B0" bold="true" box="[243,329,151,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">Elytra:</emphasis>
Sutural stria present and complete. Elytral punctures dense and strong, punctures mainly ocellate, 3 pairs of distinct double rows.
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6BFFC4FD8307B1FD7760D5" bold="true" box="[519,644,188,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">Pygidium:</emphasis>
Shape slightly convex, nearly flat in lateral view. Basal third deeply rugopunctate and with scattered, round punctures.
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6BFFC4FD5A07D2FCEC60F8" bold="true" box="[734,799,223,248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">Legs:</emphasis>
Protibia tridentate with an additional small basal tooth (
<figureCitation id="879752FE0B6BFFC4FF1B0609FF16611C" box="[159,229,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 7" captionStartId="1.[151,264,1603,1625]" captionTargetBox="[420,1168,573,1562]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[398,1189,555,1579]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 7. (1 – 4) Tomarus colombianus new species. Holotype: 1) habitus in dorsal view, 2) habitus in lateral view, 3) head in dorsal view, 4) protibia. (5 – 7) Tomarus laevicollis, male: 5) habitus in dorsal view; 6) habitus in lateral view; 7) head in dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/225689/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Protarsi simple, not enlarged. Apex of metatibia with small crenulation and 9 spinules.
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6BFFC4FB4E0609FAD0611D" bold="true" box="[1226,1315,260,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">Venter:</emphasis>
Prosternal process long, thick, apex transversely oval to rounded, and bordered with long yellow setae.
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6BFFC4FB55062AFAAF6140" bold="true" box="[1233,1372,295,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">Parameres:</emphasis>
Base broad, apex nearly truncate; with two lateral projections, basal projection long and upwardly arched, apical projection shorter and acute (
<figureCitation id="879752FE0B6BFFC4FE590662FDCD6188" box="[477,574,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 13" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1452,1474]" captionTargetBox="[448,1132,472,1419]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[439,1147,465,1430]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 13. (8 – 10) Tomarus colombianus new species: 8) parameres in frontal view, 9) parameres in lateral view, 10) spiculum gastrale. (11 – 13) Tomarus laevicollis: 11) parameres in frontal view, 12) parameres in lateral view, 13) spiculum gastrale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/225690/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">Fig. 8–9</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6BFFC4FDD50662FCDF6188" bold="true" box="[593,812,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">Spiculum gastrale:</emphasis>
Shape symmetric with basal part straight and as long as lateral branches (
<figureCitation id="879752FE0B6BFFC4FED30699FE5961AC" box="[343,426,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 13" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1452,1474]" captionTargetBox="[448,1132,472,1419]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[439,1147,465,1430]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 13. (8 – 10) Tomarus colombianus new species: 8) parameres in frontal view, 9) parameres in lateral view, 10) spiculum gastrale. (11 – 13) Tomarus laevicollis: 11) parameres in frontal view, 12) parameres in lateral view, 13) spiculum gastrale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/225690/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="4BD31EF30B6BFFC4FF1302A1FF1E65FF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/225690/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" targetBox="[448,1132,472,1419]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="1F134E7B0B6BFFC4FF1302A1FF1E65FF" blockId="2.[151,1436,1452,1535]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6BFFC4FF1302A1FEBA65C2" bold="true" box="[151,329,1452,1474]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">FIGURES 8–13.</emphasis>
(8
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6BFFC4FEE202A1FE8065C2" bold="true" box="[358,371,1452,1474]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">–</emphasis>
10)
<taxonomicName id="D8AC35F80B6BFFC4FE1902A0FD8D65C2" box="[413,638,1452,1474]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Tomarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombianus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6BFFC4FE1902A0FD8D65C2" box="[413,638,1452,1474]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">Tomarus colombianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6BFFC4FD0302A1FCF565C2" bold="true" box="[647,774,1452,1474]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="36EB2F120B6BFFC4FD0302A1FCF565C2" box="[647,774,1452,1474]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: 8) parameres in frontal view, 9) parameres in lateral view, 10) spiculum gastrale. (11–13)
<taxonomicName id="D8AC35F80B6BFFC4FE3002C6FD8E65E0" box="[436,637,1482,1504]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Tomarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevicollis">
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6BFFC4FE3002C6FD8E65E0" box="[436,637,1482,1504]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">Tomarus laevicollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 11) parameres in frontal view, 12) parameres in lateral view, 13) spiculum gastrale.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="1F134E7B0B6BFFC4FF43012BFA846663" blockId="2.[151,1437,1574,2031]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6BFFC4FF43012BFEC0663F" bold="true" box="[199,307,1574,1599]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">Allotype.</emphasis>
Female. Length
<quantity id="D854E39E0B6BFFC4FE7D012BFD91663E" box="[505,610,1574,1599]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" unit="mm" value="19.5">19.5 mm</quantity>
, humeral width
<quantity id="D854E39E0B6BFFC4FCA4012BFC8F663E" box="[800,892,1574,1599]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" unit="mm" value="9.5">9.5 mm</quantity>
. As
<typeStatus id="C017F0D90B6BFFC4FC36012BFBE7663F" box="[946,1044,1574,1599]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
except as follows:
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6BFFC4FB7C012BFACA663F" bold="true" box="[1272,1337,1574,1599]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">Legs:</emphasis>
Protibia with fourth basal tooth too inconspicuous to be seen, possibly worn by use. Apex of metatibia with 11 spinules.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F134E7B0B6BFFC4FF430163FBC166AB" blockId="2.[151,1437,1574,2031]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6BFFC4FF430163FEC86687" bold="true" box="[199,315,1646,1671]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">Variation.</emphasis>
Male (1
<typeStatus id="C017F0D90B6BFFC4FE320162FDEF6687" box="[438,540,1647,1671]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
). Length 18.0 mm; humeral width
<quantity id="D854E39E0B6BFFC4FC410163FBD76686" box="[965,1060,1646,1671]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" unit="mm" value="8.5">8.5 mm</quantity>
. Females (2
<typeStatus id="C017F0D90B6BFFC4FB400162FAC76687" box="[1220,1332,1647,1671]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
). Length 20.0–21.0 mm; humeral width
<quantity id="D854E39E0B6BFFC4FE76019FFD6B66AA" box="[498,664,1682,1707]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.035" metricValueMax="1.05" metricValueMin="1.02" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" unit="mm" value="10.35" valueMax="10.5" valueMin="10.2">10.2–10.5 mm</quantity>
. Apex of metatibia with 11 spinules.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="57B61DF00B6BFFC4FF4301BBFC2B66CF" box="[199,984,1718,1743]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="1F134E7B0B6BFFC4FF4301BBFC2B66CF" blockId="2.[151,1437,1574,2031]" box="[199,984,1718,1743]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6BFFC4FF4301BBFEBD66CF" bold="true" box="[199,334,1718,1743]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet refers to its distribution in
<collectingCountry id="67BB0EEB0B6BFFC4FCE601BBFC2666CF" box="[866,981,1718,1743]" name="Colombia" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">Colombia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="57B61DF00B6BFFC4FF4301D7FD366783" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="1F134E7B0B6BFFC4FF4301D7FEF3675F" blockId="2.[151,1437,1574,2031]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6BFFC4FF4301D7FE9366F3" bold="true" box="[199,352,1754,1779]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">Distribution.</emphasis>
The species is known from Bazan Bocana, which is a coastal town in Buenaventura Municipality (Department of Valle del Cauca in the southwest of
<collectingCountry id="67BB0EEB0B6BFFC4FC3D01F3FBDA6717" box="[953,1065,1790,1815]" name="Colombia" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">Colombia</collectingCountry>
) located at
<quantity id="D854E39E0B6BFFC4FB4401F2FAE36716" box="[1216,1296,1791,1815]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" unit="m" value="3.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="0.0">0–7 m</quantity>
; and Neiva Municipality (Department of Huila, between the central and eastern Andes of
<collectingCountry id="67BB0EEB0B6BFFC4FB82002FFB84673B" box="[1030,1143,1826,1851]" name="Colombia" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">Colombia</collectingCountry>
) at about
<quantity id="D854E39E0B6BFFC4FB63002FFADD673A" box="[1255,1326,1826,1851]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" unit="m" value="425.0">425 m</quantity>
elevation (
<figureCitation id="879752FE0B6BFFC4FF1B004BFF00675F" box="[159,243,1862,1887]" captionStart="FIGURES 14 – 16" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[286,1305,1124,1946]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[281,1306,1118,1948]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 14 – 16 Distribution records and habitat of Tomarus colombianus new species, 14) Records in Colombia, 15) Mangrove, humid forest and Guandal, seen from above, 16) Pacific coast of Colombia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/225691/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F134E7B0B6BFFC4FF430067FD366783" blockId="2.[151,1437,1574,2031]" box="[199,709,1898,1923]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6BFFC4FF430067FE256783" bold="true" box="[199,470,1898,1923]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">Temporal distribution.</emphasis>
March (1), April (4).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="57B61DF00B6BFFC5FF430083FE3761F5" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="582" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="1F134E7B0B6BFFC5FF430083FCF66188" blockId="2.[151,1437,1574,2031]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,608]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="582" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6BFFC4FF430083FEB267A7" bold="true" box="[199,321,1934,1959]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The new species is externally similar to
<taxonomicName id="D8AC35F80B6BFFC4FC9F0082FC5F67A7" box="[795,940,1934,1959]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Tomarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevicollis">
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6BFFC4FC9F0082FC5F67A7" box="[795,940,1934,1959]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">T. laevicollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="879752FE0B6BFFC4FC390083FBDF67A7" box="[957,1068,1934,1959]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 7" captionStartId="1.[151,264,1603,1625]" captionTargetBox="[420,1168,573,1562]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[398,1189,555,1579]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 7. (1 – 4) Tomarus colombianus new species. Holotype: 1) habitus in dorsal view, 2) habitus in lateral view, 3) head in dorsal view, 4) protibia. (5 – 7) Tomarus laevicollis, male: 5) habitus in dorsal view; 6) habitus in lateral view; 7) head in dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/225689/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">Figs. 5–7</figureCitation>
). Both species have the protibia with a small fourth tooth (
<figureCitation id="879752FE0B6BFFC4FE4100BFFDF867CB" box="[453,523,1970,1995]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 7" captionStartId="1.[151,264,1603,1625]" captionTargetBox="[420,1168,573,1562]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[398,1189,555,1579]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 7. (1 – 4) Tomarus colombianus new species. Holotype: 1) habitus in dorsal view, 2) habitus in lateral view, 3) head in dorsal view, 4) protibia. (5 – 7) Tomarus laevicollis, male: 5) habitus in dorsal view; 6) habitus in lateral view; 7) head in dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/225689/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
), and the parameres and spiculum gastrale are somewhat similar (
<figureCitation id="879752FE0B6BFFC4FA8600BFFA7D67CB" box="[1282,1422,1970,1995]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 13" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1452,1474]" captionTargetBox="[448,1132,472,1419]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[439,1147,465,1430]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 13. (8 – 10) Tomarus colombianus new species: 8) parameres in frontal view, 9) parameres in lateral view, 10) spiculum gastrale. (11 – 13) Tomarus laevicollis: 11) parameres in frontal view, 12) parameres in lateral view, 13) spiculum gastrale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/225690/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">Figs. 10, 13</figureCitation>
). However, they can be separated by differences in elytral punctation (the new species has the first interval strongly punctate and the sutural stria complete whereas in
<taxonomicName id="D8AC35F80B6AFFC5FD600794FC8560B0" box="[740,886,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Tomarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevicollis">
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6AFFC5FD600794FC8560B0" box="[740,886,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">T. laevicollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that interval is not punctate and sutural stria is incomplete); and the shape of the pronotal tubercle, which is not visible in lateral view in
<taxonomicName id="D8AC35F80B6AFFC5FB0907B0FACA60D5" box="[1165,1337,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Tomarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombianus">
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6AFFC5FB0907B0FACA60D5" box="[1165,1337,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">T. colombianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
whereas it is prominent in
<taxonomicName id="D8AC35F80B6AFFC5FEF707ECFDF460F8" box="[371,519,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Tomarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevicollis">
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6AFFC5FEF707ECFDF460F8" box="[371,519,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">T. laevicollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. These and other differential characters are summarized in
<tableCitation id="522E7BC00B6AFFC5FB5407D2FADA60F8" box="[1232,1321,223,248]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,244,655,680]" captionTargetBox="[158,1407,708,1039]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Differential characters between Tomarus colombianus and T. laevicollis." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/4BD31EF30B6AFFC5FF130582FBCC62A7" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" tableUuid="4BD31EF30B6AFFC5FF130582FBCC62A7">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="D8AC35F80B6AFFC5FABF07ECFED5611D" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Tomarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombianus">
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6AFFC5FABF07ECFED5611D" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">Tomarus colombianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also resembles
<taxonomicName id="D8AC35F80B6AFFC5FE640608FCF3611C" authority="Prell, 1937" authorityName="Prell" authorityYear="1937" box="[480,768,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Tomarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maternus">
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6AFFC5FE640608FD95611C" box="[480,614,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">T. maternus</emphasis>
(Prell, 1937)
</taxonomicName>
by having the pronotal tubercle and fovea inconspicuous, and scutellum with convergent lines of punctures. However,
<taxonomicName id="D8AC35F80B6AFFC5FCC70624FC346140" box="[835,967,297,320]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Tomarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maternus">
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6AFFC5FCC70624FC346140" box="[835,967,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">T. maternus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs in having: clypeal tooth separated by more than a tooth diameter, protibia without a basal fourth tooth, apex of the metatibia with 14–17 spinules and parameres shorter and without acute lateral projections.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F134E7B0B6AFFC5FF430699FE3761F5" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,608]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6AFFC5FF430699FE7561AD" bold="true" box="[199,390,404,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">Natural history.</emphasis>
Specimens were collected by hand and at light traps. The area where most individuals were collected is a tropical humid forest. Mangrove swamp, secondary forest and Guandal forest are predominant in this coast region (
<figureCitation id="879752FE0B6AFFC5FEAA06D1FE4461F5" box="[302,439,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 14 – 16" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[286,1305,1124,1946]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[281,1306,1118,1948]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 14 – 16 Distribution records and habitat of Tomarus colombianus new species, 14) Records in Colombia, 15) Mangrove, humid forest and Guandal, seen from above, 16) Pacific coast of Colombia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/225691/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">Figs. 15–16</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="57B61DF00B6AFFC5FF4306F2FE636260" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="1F134E7B0B6AFFC5FF4306F2FE636260" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,608]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6AFFC5FF4306F2FEC86218" bold="true" box="[199,315,511,536]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D8AC35F80B6AFFC5FEC6050CFDC96218" box="[322,570,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Tomarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombianus">
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6AFFC5FEC6050CFDC96218" box="[322,570,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">Tomarus colombianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known only from
<collectingCountry id="67BB0EEB0B6AFFC5FCA306F2FC6B6218" box="[807,920,511,536]" name="Colombia" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, whereas
<taxonomicName id="D8AC35F80B6AFFC5FB83050CFB646218" box="[1031,1175,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Tomarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevicollis">
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6AFFC5FB83050CFB646218" box="[1031,1175,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">T. laevicollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is a Central American species with a wide geographical distribution from
<collectingCountry id="67BB0EEB0B6AFFC5FD6D0529FCB2623D" box="[745,833,548,573]" name="Mexico" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">Mexico</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="67BB0EEB0B6AFFC5FCCB0529FC38623D" box="[847,971,548,573]" name="Guatemala" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="67BB0EEB0B6AFFC5FC5D0529FB92623D" box="[985,1121,548,573]" name="El Salvador" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">El Salvador</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="67BB0EEB0B6AFFC5FBEB0529FB2C623D" box="[1135,1247,548,573]" name="Honduras" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">Honduras</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="67BB0EEB0B6AFFC5FA9B0529FA6F623D" box="[1311,1436,548,573]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7B3D338A0B6AFFC5FF1A054AFE766260" author="Ratcliffe" box="[158,389,583,608]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" refString="Ratcliffe, B. C., Cave, R. D. &amp; Cano, E. B. (2013) The dynastine scarab beetles of Mexico, Guatemala, and Belize (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae). Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum, 27, 1 - 666." type="journal article" year="2013">
Ratcliffe
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6AFFC5FE8D0544FEB26260" box="[265,321,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="4BD31EF30B6AFFC5FF130582FBCC62A7" ID-Table-UUID="4BD31EF30B6AFFC5FF130582FBCC62A7" box="[151,1087,655,680]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/4BD31EF30B6AFFC5FF130582FBCC62A7" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" targetBox="[158,1407,708,1039]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="1F134E7B0B6AFFC5FF130582FBCC62A7" blockId="3.[151,1087,655,680]" box="[151,1087,655,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6AFFC5FF130582FEE362A8" bold="true" box="[151,272,655,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Differential characters between
<taxonomicName id="D8AC35F80B6AFFC5FDF8059CFC8062A8" box="[636,883,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Tomarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombianus">
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6AFFC5FDF8059CFC8062A8" box="[636,883,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">Tomarus colombianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D8AC35F80B6AFFC5FC2E059CFBCB62A8" box="[938,1080,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Tomarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevicollis">
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6AFFC5FC2E059CFBCB62A8" box="[938,1080,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">T. laevicollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="1F134E7B0B6AFFC5FE2505C8FBFF640F" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">
<table id="6DACBCDB0B6A0039FF1A05C9FA8C640F" box="[158,1407,708,1039]" gridcols="3" gridrows="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">
<tr id="A19C4C390B6A0039FF1A05C9FA8C62DA" box="[158,1407,708,730]" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="E24D25450B6A0039FE2505C9FC9C62DA" box="[417,879,708,730]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">
<taxonomicName id="D8AC35F80B6AFFC5FE2505C8FD7262DA" box="[417,641,708,730]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Tomarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombianus">
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6AFFC5FE2505C8FD7262DA" box="[417,641,708,730]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">Tomarus colombianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="E24D25450B6A0039FC0005C9FA8C62DA" box="[900,1407,708,730]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">
<taxonomicName id="D8AC35F80B6AFFC5FC0005C8FBB962DA" box="[900,1098,708,730]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Tomarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevicollis">
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6AFFC5FC0005C8FBB962DA" box="[900,1098,708,730]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">Tomarus laevicollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="A19C4C390B6A0039FF1A05E0FA8C6303" box="[158,1407,749,771]" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">
<th id="E24D25450B6A0039FF1A05E0FEA46303" box="[158,343,749,771]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">Frontal tubercles</th>
<td id="E24D25450B6A0039FE2505E0FC9C6303" box="[417,879,749,771]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">Slightly triangular to transverse (Fig. 3)</td>
<td id="E24D25450B6A0039FC0005E0FA8C6303" box="[900,1407,749,771]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">Conical (Fig. 7)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="A19C4C390B6A0039FF1A041BFA8C632C" box="[158,1407,790,812]" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">
<th id="E24D25450B6A0039FF1A041BFEA4632C" box="[158,343,790,812]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">Pronotal tubercle</th>
<td id="E24D25450B6A0039FE25041BFC9C632C" box="[417,879,790,812]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">Small, not visible in lateral view (Fig. 2)</td>
<td id="E24D25450B6A0039FC00041BFA8C632C" box="[900,1407,790,812]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">Large, prominent, visible in lateral view (Fig. 6)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="A19C4C390B6A0039FF1A044DFA8C6356" box="[158,1407,832,854]" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">
<th id="E24D25450B6A0039FF1A044DFEA46356" box="[158,343,832,854]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">Scutellum</th>
<td id="E24D25450B6A0039FE25044DFC9C6356" box="[417,879,832,854]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">With lateral, parallel lines of punctures</td>
<td id="E24D25450B6A0039FC00044DFA8C6356" box="[900,1407,832,854]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">Without punctures</td>
</tr>
<tr id="A19C4C390B6A0039FF1A0464FA8C639E" box="[158,1407,873,926]" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">
<th id="E24D25450B6A0039FF1A0464FEA4639E" box="[158,343,873,926]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">Elytral punctures</th>
<td id="E24D25450B6A0039FE250464FC9C639E" box="[417,879,873,926]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">Strong, sutural stria complete</td>
<td id="E24D25450B6A0039FC000464FA8C639E" box="[900,1407,873,926]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">First interval smooth, sutural stria incomplete, present only on apical fourth</td>
</tr>
<tr id="A19C4C390B6A0039FF1A04BCFA8C63C7" box="[158,1407,945,967]" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">
<th id="E24D25450B6A0039FF1A04BCFEA463C7" box="[158,343,945,967]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">Prosternal process</th>
<td id="E24D25450B6A0039FE2504BCFC9C63C7" box="[417,879,945,967]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">Apex transversely oval to rounded</td>
<td id="E24D25450B6A0039FC0004BCFA8C63C7" box="[900,1407,945,967]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">Apex subquadrate to longitudinally oval</td>
</tr>
<tr id="A19C4C390B6A0039FF1A04D7FA8C640F" box="[158,1407,986,1039]" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">
<th id="E24D25450B6A0039FF1A04D7FEA4640F" box="[158,343,986,1039]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">Parameres</th>
<td id="E24D25450B6A0039FE2504D7FC9C640F" box="[417,879,986,1039]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">Broad at apex; lateral projections further apart (Figs. 8–9)</td>
<td id="E24D25450B6A0039FC0004D7FA8C640F" box="[900,1407,986,1039]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">Slender at apex; lateral projections closer together (Figs. 11–12)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="4BD31EF30B6AFFC5FF1300BFFBFA67EB" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/225691/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" targetBox="[286,1305,1124,1946]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="1F134E7B0B6AFFC5FF1300BFFBFA67EB" blockId="3.[151,1436,1970,2027]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6AFFC5FF1300BFFEA167C8" bold="true" box="[151,338,1970,1992]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">FIGURES 14–16</emphasis>
Distribution records and habitat of
<taxonomicName id="D8AC35F80B6AFFC5FD5C00BEFC4E67C8" box="[728,957,1970,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Tomarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombianus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6AFFC5FD5C00BEFC4E67C8" box="[728,957,1970,1992]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">Tomarus colombianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6AFFC5FC4C00BFFBBA67C8" bold="true" box="[968,1097,1970,1992]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="36EB2F120B6AFFC5FC4C00BFFBBA67C8" box="[968,1097,1970,1992]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, 14) Records in Colombia, 15) Mangrove, humid forest and Guandal, seen from above, 16) Pacific coast of Colombia.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="57B61DF00B6DFFC2FF130795FA6F641F" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" type="key">
<paragraph id="1F134E7B0B6DFFC2FF130795FD6C60AE" blockId="4.[151,671,152,174]" box="[151,671,152,174]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6DFFC2FF130795FD6C60AE" bold="true" box="[151,671,152,174]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
Key to the species of adult
<taxonomicName id="D8AC35F80B6DFFC2FE330795FDE260AD" box="[439,529,152,173]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Tomarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6DFFC2FE330795FDE260AD" bold="true" box="[439,529,152,173]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">Tomarus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of
<collectingCountry id="67BB0EEB0B6DFFC2FDB10795FD6C60AE" box="[565,671,152,174]" name="Colombia" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">Colombia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<key id="6B3D194A0B6DFFC2FF1307D8FA6F641F" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
<keyStep id="A45856DE0B6DFFC2FF1307D8FA68615F" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
<paragraph id="1F134E7B0B6DFFC2FF1307D8FA6F6124" blockId="4.[151,1436,213,1055]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
<keyLead id="A45DED4E0B6DFFC2FF1307D8FA6F6124" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
1 Pronotum without apical fovea or tubercle, pronotal punctuation dense and deep. Head without frontal tubercles, instead with a frontoclypeal ridge interrupted at the middle. Color light to dark reddish brown. Small size (12.5–16.0 mm).........................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="D8AC35F80B6DFFC2FBDD0602FA6F6124" authority="Latreille, 1813" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1813" box="[1113,1436,271,292]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Tomarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fossor">
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6DFFC2FBDD0602FA6F6124" bold="true" box="[1113,1436,271,292]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6DFFC2FBDD0602FB016124" bold="true" box="[1113,1266,271,292]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">Tomarus fossor</emphasis>
(Latreille, 1813)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F134E7B0B6DFFC2FF130620FA68615F" blockId="4.[151,1436,213,1055]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
<keyLead id="A45DED4E0B6DFFC2FF130620FA68615F" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
- Pronotum with apical fovea and tubercle, occasionally inconspicuous. Head with frontal tubercles. Coloration black to dark brown. Species longer than
<quantity id="D854E39E0B6DFFC2FE680647FDDC615F" box="[492,559,330,351]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" unit="mm" value="16.0">16 mm</quantity>
........................................................................ 2
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="A45856DE0B6DFFC2FF13066AFA6861D4" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
<paragraph id="1F134E7B0B6DFFC2FF13066AFA68619A" blockId="4.[151,1436,213,1055]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
<keyLead id="A45DED4E0B6DFFC2FF13066AFA68619A" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">2 Clypeus trapezoidal, with anterior margin nearly truncate; apical teeth small, widely separated (about 3 times tooth width). Frontal tubercles transverse. Males with enlarged protarsi...................................................... 3</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F134E7B0B6DFFC2FF1306AFFA6861D4" blockId="4.[151,1436,213,1055]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
<keyLead id="A45DED4E0B6DFFC2FF1306AFFA6861D4" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">- Clypeus triangular, narrowed towards apex; apical teeth prominent, reflexed, separated by a distance no larger than twice the width of one tooth. Frontal tubercles conical or transverse. Males with protarsi simple............................... 4</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="A45856DE0B6DFFC2FF1306D0FA6F6284" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
<paragraph id="1F134E7B0B6DFFC2FF1306D0FA6F622C" blockId="4.[151,1436,213,1055]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
<keyLead id="A45DED4E0B6DFFC2FF1306D0FA6F622C" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
3 Externally similar to the next species. Pronotal fovea shallow and inconspicuous, maximum width less than a half of the interocular distance. Parameres wide, basal third widened, apical third strongly contracted and apex dilated.........................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="D8AC35F80B6DFFC2FBD1051AFA6F622C" authority="De Geer, 1774" authorityName="De Geer" authorityYear="1774" box="[1109,1436,535,556]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Tomarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ebenus">
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6DFFC2FBD1051AFA6F622C" bold="true" box="[1109,1436,535,556]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6DFFC2FBD1051AFB04622C" bold="true" box="[1109,1271,535,556]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">Tomarus ebenus</emphasis>
(De Geer, 1774)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F134E7B0B6DFFC2FF130538FA6F6284" blockId="4.[151,1436,213,1055]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
<keyLead id="A45DED4E0B6DFFC2FF130538FA6F6284" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
- Externally similar to the preceding species. Pronotal fovea deep and triangular, maximum width about a half of the interocular distance. Parameres slender and long, apical third not strongly contracted, sides nearly parallel...................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="D8AC35F80B6DFFC2FBDC0562FA6F6284" authority="Endrodi, 1968" authorityName="Endrodi" authorityYear="1968" box="[1112,1436,623,644]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Tomarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6DFFC2FBDC0562FA6F6284" bold="true" box="[1112,1436,623,644]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6DFFC2FBDC0562FB076284" bold="true" box="[1112,1268,623,644]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">Tomarus similis</emphasis>
(Endrödi, 1968)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="A45856DE0B6DFFC2FF130580FA6862BF" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
<paragraph id="1F134E7B0B6DFFC2FF130580FA6862A2" blockId="4.[151,1436,213,1055]" box="[151,1435,653,674]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
<keyLead id="A45DED4E0B6DFFC2FF130580FA6862A2" box="[151,1435,653,674]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">4 Protibia with 3 long teeth and with a small basal tooth suggestive of a fourth tooth.................................. 5</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F134E7B0B6DFFC2FF1305A7FA6862BF" blockId="4.[151,1436,213,1055]" box="[151,1435,682,703]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
<keyLead id="A45DED4E0B6DFFC2FF1305A7FA6862BF" box="[151,1435,682,703]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">- Protibia tridentate, without basal small tooth................................................................ 6</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="A45856DE0B6DFFC2FF1305CAFA686352" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
<paragraph id="1F134E7B0B6DFFC2FF1305CAFA686317" blockId="4.[151,1436,213,1055]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
<keyLead id="A45DED4E0B6DFFC2FF1305CAFA686317" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
5 Pronotum nearly smooth, with only a few punctures near lateral and anterior margins; pronotal fovea shallow; pronotal tubercle small, not visible in lateral view. Parameres as in
<figureCitation id="879752FE0B6DFFC2FD5905E8FCC262FA" box="[733,817,741,762]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 13" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1452,1474]" captionTargetBox="[448,1132,472,1419]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[439,1147,465,1430]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 13. (8 – 10) Tomarus colombianus new species: 8) parameres in frontal view, 9) parameres in lateral view, 10) spiculum gastrale. (11 – 13) Tomarus laevicollis: 11) parameres in frontal view, 12) parameres in lateral view, 13) spiculum gastrale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/225690/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">Fig. 8–9</figureCitation>
................................................................................................
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6DFFC2FD72040FFA686317" bold="true" box="[758,1435,770,791]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
<taxonomicName id="D8AC35F80B6DFFC2FD72040FFAE86317" authority="Lopez-Garcia &amp; Gasca-Alvarez" authorityName="Lopez-Garcia &amp; Gasca-Alvarez" box="[758,1307,770,791]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Tomarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombianus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6DFFC2FD72040FFC216317" bold="true" box="[758,978,770,791]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">Tomarus colombianus</emphasis>
López-García &amp; Gasca-Álvarez
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="36EB2F120B6DFFC2FAA1040FFA686317" box="[1317,1435,770,791]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F134E7B0B6DFFC2FF130412FA686352" blockId="4.[151,1436,213,1055]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
<keyLead id="A45DED4E0B6DFFC2FF130412FA686352" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
- Pronotum with dense and deep punctuation; pronotal fovea deep, nearly round; pronotal tubercle prominent....................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="D8AC35F80B6DFFC2FBA50430FABB6352" authority="Erichson, 1848" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1848" box="[1057,1352,829,850]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Tomarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gyas">
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6DFFC2FBA50430FABB6352" bold="true" box="[1057,1352,829,850]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6DFFC2FBA50430FB596352" bold="true" box="[1057,1194,829,850]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">Tomarus gyas</emphasis>
Erichson, 1848
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(in part)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="A45856DE0B6DFFC2FF130457FA6F63AA" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
<paragraph id="1F134E7B0B6DFFC2FF130457FA68636F" blockId="4.[151,1436,213,1055]" box="[151,1435,858,879]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
<keyLead id="A45DED4E0B6DFFC2FF130457FA68636F" box="[151,1435,858,879]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">6 Pronotum with fovea and tubercle inconspicuous............................................................. 7</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F134E7B0B6DFFC2FF13047AFA6F63AA" blockId="4.[151,1436,213,1055]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
<keyLead id="A45DED4E0B6DFFC2FF13047AFA6F63AA" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
- Pronotum with a large transversely oval fovea and a prominent tubercle.....................................................................................................
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6DFFC2FC1F0498FA6F63AA" bold="true" box="[923,1436,917,938]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
<taxonomicName id="D8AC35F80B6DFFC2FC1F0498FB7563AA" box="[923,1158,917,938]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Tomarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bituberculatus">
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6DFFC2FC1F0498FB7563AA" bold="true" box="[923,1158,917,938]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">Tomarus bituberculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Palisot de Beauvois, 1811)
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="A45856DE0B6DFFC2FF1304BFFA6F641F" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
<paragraph id="1F134E7B0B6DFFC2FF1304BFFA6863E4" blockId="4.[151,1436,213,1055]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
<keyLead id="A45DED4E0B6DFFC2FF1304BFFA6863E4" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
7 Pronotal punctures dense and deep. Scutellum smooth or with a few sparse punctures. Apex of metatibia with 22–24 spinules.....................................................................
<taxonomicName id="D8AC35F80B6DFFC2FBA504C2FABB63E4" authority="Erichson, 1848" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1848" box="[1057,1352,975,996]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Tomarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gyas">
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6DFFC2FBA504C2FABB63E4" bold="true" box="[1057,1352,975,996]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6DFFC2FBA504C2FB5963E4" bold="true" box="[1057,1194,975,996]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">Tomarus gyas</emphasis>
Erichson, 1848
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(in part)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F134E7B0B6DFFC2FF1304E0FA6F641F" blockId="4.[151,1436,213,1055]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
<keyLead id="A45DED4E0B6DFFC2FF1304E0FA6F641F" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
- Pronotal punctation sparse and small, pronotum nearly smooth. Scutellum with 2 lines of punctures parallel to margins. Apex of metatibia with 14–17 spinules...............................................
<taxonomicName id="D8AC35F80B6DFFC2FBDB0307FA6F641F" authority="Prell, 1937" authorityName="Prell" authorityYear="1937" box="[1119,1436,1034,1055]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Tomarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maternus">
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6DFFC2FBDB0307FA6F641F" bold="true" box="[1119,1436,1034,1055]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
<emphasis id="2DD892690B6DFFC2FBDB0307FAEA641F" bold="true" box="[1119,1305,1034,1055]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">Tomarus maternus</emphasis>
(Prell, 1937)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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