317 lines
48 KiB
XML
317 lines
48 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="91004CDDAD6E9E65C1ADE5523CFDCDB3">On the female gonocoxites of Asian, Arabian, and African Clivinini with realignment of the Thliboclivina-, Physoclivina-, and Eoclivina-species groups, and notes on the higher systematics of the tribe Clivinini Rafinesque, 1815 (Coleoptera, Carabidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6E41897B079031421A45013923D98475">Balkenohl, Michael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="3737ADE1F896DC62CB77F3F3EB1B4A99">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="BB1FC7A946898EBABC71F4B552E7F0FF">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5ABA2FA8F210781057A560F7B212D85F">2022-09-27</mods:number>
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<treatment id="803E6543FFDF992EFF4DFEE2FA98F879" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7126087" ID-GBIF-Taxon="201137169" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7126087" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:803E6543FFDF992EFF4DFEE2FA98F879" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/803E6543FFDF992EFF4DFEE2FA98F879" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">
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<subSubSection id="408D87DEFFDF992EFF4DFEE2FC83FE09" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="0828D455FFDF992EFF4DFEE2FE54FEE4" blockId="6.[151,1437,294,2013]" box="[151,472,294,320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">
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<heading id="53606339FFDF992EFF4DFEE2FE54FEE4" bold="true" box="[151,472,294,320]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="CF97AFD6FFDF992EFF4DFEE2FE54FEE4" ID-CoL="8LTBR" authority="Rafinesque, 1815" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[151,472,294,320]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Clivinina">
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<emphasis id="3AE30847FFDF992EFF4DFEE2FE54FEE4" bold="true" box="[151,472,294,320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">
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Clivinina
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<bibRefCitation id="6C06A9A4FFDF992EFED7FEE2FE54FEE4" author="Rafinesque" box="[269,472,294,320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" refId="ref12347" refString="Rafinesque C. S. 1815. Analyse de la nature ou tableau de l'univers et des corps organises. Palerme, L'Imprimerie de Jean Barravecchia, 224 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 106607" type="book" year="1815">Rafinesque, 1815</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0828D455FFDF992EFF1DFE8FFC83FE09" blockId="6.[151,1437,294,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">
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The subtribe includes presently thirty-one genera worldwide. The many species listed for the twenty Oriental and African genera exhibit four very different basic morphologies (A, B, C, D). Moreover, three variations of the falciform shape A are represented (A1, A4, A5) (
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<tableCitation id="4515E1EEFFDF992EFD62FE57FD72FE09" box="[696,766,403,429]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="16.[151,244,576,602]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="TABLE 1. Basic shapes of the female gonocoxites in Clivinini with Asian, Arabian, Asian and African, or African distribution. The groups are arranged according to the morphologic shape of the gonocoxites. A – E: basic shapes including pictogram; F: genera with unknown gonocoxites; n/a: not applicable; Fig./Figs: Photograph(s) provided in this contribution." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5CE884DDFFC99938FF4DFD84FEC2FD06" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" tableUuid="5CE884DDFFC99938FF4DFD84FEC2FD06">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="408D87DEFFDF992EFF1DFE73FA98F879" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" type="description">
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<paragraph id="0828D455FFDF992EFF1DFE73FC30FD99" blockId="6.[151,1437,294,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">
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The falciform Shape
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<emphasis id="3AE30847FFDF992EFE66FE72FE52FE74" bold="true" box="[444,478,438,464]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">A1</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="90ACC8D0FFDF992EFE2AFE73FDBFFE75" box="[496,563,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,963,987]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,187,932]" captionTargetId="figure-23@2.[151,1436,179,937]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Clivina (subgenus Leucocara Bousquet, 2009) sacra Putzeys, 1875. External parts of the female reproductive tract in ventro-lateral delaminated view, highlighting some of the terms used in the descriptions." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7119957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7119957/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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) is found in approximately 70% of the genera and species. In this group, a morphology is found which seems to represent a close shape to the plesiomorphic dimeric form constituting the ‘nebridian configuration’ (according to
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<bibRefCitation id="6C06A9A4FFDF992EFD9FFE3BFD43FDBD" author="Deuve, T." box="[581,719,511,537]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 184" refId="ref11121" refString="Deuve, T. (1993) L'abdomen et les genitalia des femelles de Coleopteres Adephaga. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelles, 155, 1 - 184." type="journal article" year="1993">Deuve 1993</bibRefCitation>
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). Depending on the genus, the gonocoxite-1 and gonocoxite-2 are more or less fused with a more or less wide membranous area in between.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0828D455FFDF992EFF1DFD83FA1EFDC5" blockId="6.[151,1437,294,2013]" box="[199,1426,583,609]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">
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Significant differences between the subgenera
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<taxonomicName id="CF97AFD6FFDF992EFD08FD83FCA8FDC5" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[722,804,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Clivina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
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<emphasis id="3AE30847FFDF992EFD08FD83FCA8FDC5" box="[722,804,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">Clivina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="21D0B53CFFDF992EFCF1FD83FCEAFDC5" box="[811,870,583,609]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="CF97AFD6FFDF992EFC46FD83FB47FDC5" authority="Bousquet, 2009" authorityName="Bousquet" authorityYear="2009" box="[924,1227,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Clivina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Leucocara">
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<emphasis id="3AE30847FFDF992EFC46FD83FB98FDC4" box="[924,1044,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">Leucocara</emphasis>
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Bousquet, 2009
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</taxonomicName>
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are not observed.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0828D455FFDF992EFF1DFDAFFD83FCB1" blockId="6.[151,1437,294,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">
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The most notable variations are as follows: The subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="CF97AFD6FFDF992EFCB7FDAFFC3AFD20" authorityName="Putzeys" authorityYear="1861" box="[877,950,619,644]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Clivina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Dacca">
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<emphasis id="3AE30847FFDF992EFCB7FDAFFC3AFD20" box="[877,950,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">Dacca</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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shows more elongated, slender and sharp coxites similar to members of the
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<taxonomicName id="CF97AFD6FFDF992EFDCFFD4BFDF3FD0D" authorityName="Putzeys" authorityYear="1867" box="[533,639,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Clivina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helferi">
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<emphasis id="3AE30847FFDF992EFDCFFD4BFDF3FD0D" box="[533,639,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">C. helferi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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-species group. In the
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<taxonomicName id="CF97AFD6FFDF992EFCA2FD4BFBA4FD0D" authorityName="Lesne" authorityYear="1896" box="[888,1064,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Clivina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mekongensis">
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<emphasis id="3AE30847FFDF992EFCA2FD4BFBA4FD0D" box="[888,1064,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">C. mekongensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species-group, gonocoxite-1 and gonocoxite-2 are not as intensely fused as in all other species and they are still a bit movable (
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<figureCitation id="90ACC8D0FFDF992EFB7EFD77FB7BFD69" box="[1188,1271,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 7-25" captionStartId="23.[152,270,1613,1637]" captionTargetBox="[280,1293,189,1570]" captionTargetId="figure-15@23.[273,1313,181,1589]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 7-25. Clivinini species, gonocoxites and epipleurites, ventro-lateral view. Shape A1. 7. Clivina (Clivina) fossor sachalinica Nakane, 1952, specimen from Sakhalin. 8. C. (C.) agona Putzeys, 1866, specimen from Banteay, Cambodia. 9. C. (C.) molucca Balkenohl, 2021, PT from Seram, Maluku. 10. C. (C.) helferi Putzeys, 1866, type spec. from Calcutta. 11. C. (C.) angularis Putzeys, 1867, type spec. from Calcutta. 12. C. (C.) mekongensis Lesne, 1896, specimen from Luang Prabang, Laos. 13. C. (L.) traquebarica Bonelli, 1813, type spec. from Indo China. 14. C. (L.) tutancamon Schatzmayr, 1936, specimen from Barrage, Egypt. 15. C. (Dacca) forcipata (Putzeys, 1861), specimen from Calcutta. 16. Ancus carniceps Andrewes, 1936, HT from Balor, Java. 17. Ancus excavaticeps Putzeys, 1867, specimen from Prek Toal, Cambodia. 18. Basilewskyana villiersi Basilewsky, 1948, specimen from Touba, Ivory Coast. 19. Clypeospinus validus (Andrewes, 1936), HT from Battaramulla, Sri Lanka. 20. Leleuporella mandibularis (Burgeon, 1935), specimen from Thuapa, Congo. 21. Rugiluclivina puncticollis Balkenohl, 1996, PT from Hanoi, Vietnam. 22. R. puncticollis, unmounted, ventral view. 23. Schizogenius freyi Baehr, 1983, HT from Vilu Levu, Fiji Islands. 24. S. sulcifrons Putzeys, 1846, specimen from Abercorn, USA. 25. S. neovalidus Whitehead, 1972, specimes from Aravaipa, Arizona." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7119963" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7119963/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
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). That shape is considered as the most plesiomorphic form. This find also justifies highlighting this group by assigning it herewith as
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<taxonomicName id="CF97AFD6FFDF992EFF6CFD3FFEE9FCB1" authorityName="Lesne" authorityYear="1896" box="[182,357,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Clivina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mekongensis">
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<emphasis id="3AE30847FFDF992EFF6CFD3FFEE9FCB1" box="[182,357,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">C. mekongensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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-species group.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0828D455FFDF992EFF1DFCDBFC9FFC25" blockId="6.[151,1437,294,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">
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<taxonomicName id="CF97AFD6FFDF992EFF1DFCDBFED2FC9D" authorityName="Balkenohl" authorityYear="1996" box="[199,350,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Rugiluclivina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="3AE30847FFDF992EFF1DFCDBFED2FC9D" box="[199,350,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">Rugiluclivina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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seems to be somewhat more specialized (
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<figureCitation id="90ACC8D0FFDF992EFCEDFCDBFC07FC9D" box="[823,907,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURES 7-25" captionStartId="23.[152,270,1613,1637]" captionTargetBox="[280,1293,189,1570]" captionTargetId="figure-15@23.[273,1313,181,1589]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 7-25. Clivinini species, gonocoxites and epipleurites, ventro-lateral view. Shape A1. 7. Clivina (Clivina) fossor sachalinica Nakane, 1952, specimen from Sakhalin. 8. C. (C.) agona Putzeys, 1866, specimen from Banteay, Cambodia. 9. C. (C.) molucca Balkenohl, 2021, PT from Seram, Maluku. 10. C. (C.) helferi Putzeys, 1866, type spec. from Calcutta. 11. C. (C.) angularis Putzeys, 1867, type spec. from Calcutta. 12. C. (C.) mekongensis Lesne, 1896, specimen from Luang Prabang, Laos. 13. C. (L.) traquebarica Bonelli, 1813, type spec. from Indo China. 14. C. (L.) tutancamon Schatzmayr, 1936, specimen from Barrage, Egypt. 15. C. (Dacca) forcipata (Putzeys, 1861), specimen from Calcutta. 16. Ancus carniceps Andrewes, 1936, HT from Balor, Java. 17. Ancus excavaticeps Putzeys, 1867, specimen from Prek Toal, Cambodia. 18. Basilewskyana villiersi Basilewsky, 1948, specimen from Touba, Ivory Coast. 19. Clypeospinus validus (Andrewes, 1936), HT from Battaramulla, Sri Lanka. 20. Leleuporella mandibularis (Burgeon, 1935), specimen from Thuapa, Congo. 21. Rugiluclivina puncticollis Balkenohl, 1996, PT from Hanoi, Vietnam. 22. R. puncticollis, unmounted, ventral view. 23. Schizogenius freyi Baehr, 1983, HT from Vilu Levu, Fiji Islands. 24. S. sulcifrons Putzeys, 1846, specimen from Abercorn, USA. 25. S. neovalidus Whitehead, 1972, specimes from Aravaipa, Arizona." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7119963" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7119963/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
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). The coxites are slightly curved, gonocoxite-2 is distinctly ensiform widened, and the gonocoxites-1 are more strongly medially connected to each other (
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<figureCitation id="90ACC8D0FFDF992EFAE6FC87FA1CFCF9" box="[1340,1424,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURES 7-25" captionStartId="23.[152,270,1613,1637]" captionTargetBox="[280,1293,189,1570]" captionTargetId="figure-15@23.[273,1313,181,1589]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 7-25. Clivinini species, gonocoxites and epipleurites, ventro-lateral view. Shape A1. 7. Clivina (Clivina) fossor sachalinica Nakane, 1952, specimen from Sakhalin. 8. C. (C.) agona Putzeys, 1866, specimen from Banteay, Cambodia. 9. C. (C.) molucca Balkenohl, 2021, PT from Seram, Maluku. 10. C. (C.) helferi Putzeys, 1866, type spec. from Calcutta. 11. C. (C.) angularis Putzeys, 1867, type spec. from Calcutta. 12. C. (C.) mekongensis Lesne, 1896, specimen from Luang Prabang, Laos. 13. C. (L.) traquebarica Bonelli, 1813, type spec. from Indo China. 14. C. (L.) tutancamon Schatzmayr, 1936, specimen from Barrage, Egypt. 15. C. (Dacca) forcipata (Putzeys, 1861), specimen from Calcutta. 16. Ancus carniceps Andrewes, 1936, HT from Balor, Java. 17. Ancus excavaticeps Putzeys, 1867, specimen from Prek Toal, Cambodia. 18. Basilewskyana villiersi Basilewsky, 1948, specimen from Touba, Ivory Coast. 19. Clypeospinus validus (Andrewes, 1936), HT from Battaramulla, Sri Lanka. 20. Leleuporella mandibularis (Burgeon, 1935), specimen from Thuapa, Congo. 21. Rugiluclivina puncticollis Balkenohl, 1996, PT from Hanoi, Vietnam. 22. R. puncticollis, unmounted, ventral view. 23. Schizogenius freyi Baehr, 1983, HT from Vilu Levu, Fiji Islands. 24. S. sulcifrons Putzeys, 1846, specimen from Abercorn, USA. 25. S. neovalidus Whitehead, 1972, specimes from Aravaipa, Arizona." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7119963" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7119963/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
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). It somewhat resembles the shape found in Forcipatorina.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0828D455FFDF992EFF1DFC4FFE48FB91" blockId="6.[151,1437,294,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">
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The following groups have been revised recently, all including figures of the coxites:
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<taxonomicName id="CF97AFD6FFDF992EFB15FC4FFF57FC6D" authority="(Balkenohl 2016)" baseAuthorityName="Balkenohl" baseAuthorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Ancus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="3AE30847FFDF992EFB15FC4FFA9FFC01" box="[1231,1299,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">Ancus</emphasis>
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(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6C06A9A4FFDF992EFAFDFC4FFF5FFC6D" author="Balkenohl, M." pageId="6" pageNumber="105" pagination="53 - 62" refId="ref10524" refString="Balkenohl, M. (2016) Revision of the Oriental species of the genus Ancus PUTZEYS, 1866 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Clivinini). Entomologische Blatter und Coleoptera, 112, 53 - 62." type="journal article" year="2016">Balkenohl 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF97AFD6FFDF992EFF33FC6BFE24FC6C" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1837" box="[233,424,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Clivina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castanea">
|
||
<emphasis id="3AE30847FFDF992EFF33FC6BFE24FC6C" box="[233,424,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">Clivina castanea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-species group (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6C06A9A4FFDF992EFD87FC6BFCAFFC6D" author="Balkenohl, M." box="[605,803,943,969]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref10812" refString="Balkenohl, M. (2021 a) Revision of the Clivina castanea- species group from Asia (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Clivinini). Belgian Journal of Entomology, 68, 1 - 83." type="journal article" year="2021">Balkenohl 2021a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="3AE30847FFDF992EFCE3FC6BFC5CFC6D" box="[825,976,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">Clypeospinus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6C06A9A4FFDF992EFC3BFC6BFB25FC6D" author="Balkenohl, M." box="[993,1193,943,969]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" pagination="357 - 374" refId="ref10848" refString="Balkenohl, M. (2021 b) Revisiting the Oriental genus Syleter Andrewes, 1941 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Clivinini). Revue suisse de Zoologie, 128, 357 - 374. https: // doi. org / 10.35929 / RSZ. 0050" type="journal article" year="2021">Balkenohl 2021b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF97AFD6FFDF992EFB64FC6BFABAFC6C" authorityName="Bousquet" authorityYear="2009" box="[1214,1334,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Clivina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Leucocara">
|
||
<emphasis id="3AE30847FFDF992EFB64FC6BFABAFC6C" box="[1214,1334,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">Leucocara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF97AFD6FFDF992EFF4DFC17FEC1FC48" authorityName="Putzeys" authorityYear="1877" box="[151,333,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Clivina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semicarinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="3AE30847FFDF992EFF4DFC17FEC1FC48" box="[151,333,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">C. semicarinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-species group (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6C06A9A4FFDF992EFDDFFC17FCACFC49" author="Dostal, A. & Bulirsch, P." box="[517,800,979,1005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" pagination="65 - 75" refId="ref11280" refString="Dostal, A. & Bulirsch, P. (2016) Two new species of the Clivina semicarinata group (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Scaritinae) from Asia, with notes on other species of this group. Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Osterreichischer Entomologen, 68, 65 - 75." type="journal article" year="2016">Dostal & Bulirsch 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF97AFD6FFDF992EFCEDFC17FC42FC49" authorityName="Balkenohl" authorityYear="1996" box="[823,974,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Rugiluclivina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3AE30847FFDF992EFCEDFC17FC42FC49" box="[823,974,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">Rugiluclivina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6C06A9A4FFDF992EFC3AFC17FB16FC49" author="Balkenohl, M." box="[992,1178,979,1005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" pagination="23 - 40" refId="ref10222" refString="Balkenohl, M. (1996) New Clivinini from the Oriental region (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Clivinini). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 42, 23 - 40." type="journal article" year="1996">Balkenohl 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6C06A9A4FFDF992EFB72FC17FB7CFC49" author="Balkenohl, M." box="[1192,1264,979,1005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" pagination="337 - 344" refId="ref10255" refString="Balkenohl, M. (1999 a) New Clivinini from the Oriental region. 2. Clivina rugosofemoralis nov. spec. and Rugiluclivina leonina nov. spec. from Laos (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Scaritinae). Linzer biologische Beitrage, 31, 337 - 344." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
1999
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6C06A9A4FFDF992EFB39FC17FB7CFC49" author="Dostal, A." box="[1251,1264,979,1005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" pagination="27 - 37" refId="ref11243" refString="Dostal, A. (2015) Two new species of Clivina LATREILLE, 1802 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Scaritinae) from Africa. Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Osterreichischer Entomologen, 67, 27 - 37." type="journal article" year="2015">a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2015,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6C06A9A4FFDF992EFA9DFC17FA1CFC49" author="Balkenohl, M." box="[1351,1424,979,1005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" pagination="197 - 215" refId="ref10652" refString="Balkenohl, M. (2018 a) Notes on Oriental Clivinini and the description of two new species (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Clivinini). Linzer biologische Beitrage, 50, 197 - 215." type="journal article" year="2018">2018a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF97AFD6FFDF992EFF4DFC33FE22FBB5" authority="(Balkenohl 2020)" authorityName="Putzeys" authorityYear="1861" baseAuthorityName="Balkenohl" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[151,430,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dacca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3AE30847FFDF992EFF4DFC33FF6CFBB4" box="[151,224,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">Dacca</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6C06A9A4FFDF992EFF34FC33FE2AFBB5" author="Balkenohl, M." box="[238,422,1015,1041]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref10773" refString="Balkenohl, M. (2020) Review of Clivina subgenus Dacca PUTZEYS, 1863, with descriptions of two new species (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Clivinini). Koleopterologische Rundschau, 90, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="2020">Balkenohl 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. For
|
||
<emphasis id="3AE30847FFDF992EFE3FFC33FDF6FBB5" box="[485,634,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF97AFD6FFDF992EFE3FFC33FDFAFBB5" authorityName="Basilewsky" authorityYear="1956" box="[485,630,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Leleuporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leleuporella</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
figures of coxites have been provided for two species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6C06A9A4FFDF992EFB07FC33FA14FBB5" author="Fedorenko, D. N." box="[1245,1432,1015,1041]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" pagination="127 - 132" refId="ref11463" refString="Fedorenko, D. N. (2012) Two scaritine beetles of the genera Leleuporella Basilewsky, 1956 and Striganoviella, gen. n., from Vietnam (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Russian Entomology Journal, 21, 127 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / rusentj. 21.2.03" type="journal article" year="2012">Fedorenko 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6C06A9A4FFDF992EFF4DFBDFFE34FB91" author="Bulirsch, P. & Magrini, P." box="[151,440,1051,1077]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" pagination="299 - 305" refId="ref11067" refString="Bulirsch, P. & Magrini, P. (2019) Two new small scaritins of the genera Leleuporella Basilewsky, 1956 and Afrosyleter Basilewsky, 1959 from Gabon [sic!] (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Scaritinae: Clivinini). Studies and Reports, 15, 299 - 305." type="journal article" year="2019">Bulirsch & Magrini 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0828D455FFDF992EFF1DFBFBFB3AFBFD" blockId="6.[151,1437,294,2013]" box="[199,1206,1087,1113]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">Shape A1 seems to be distributed over very wide geographic ranges, probably worldwide.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0828D455FFDF992EFF1DFBA7FC49FA95" blockId="6.[151,1437,294,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">
|
||
The variations with one or two short macrotrichia (shapes
|
||
<emphasis id="3AE30847FFDF992EFC90FBA6FCE1FBD8" bold="true" box="[842,877,1122,1148]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">A4</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="3AE30847FFDF992EFC7BFBA6FC4FFBD8" bold="true" box="[929,963,1122,1148]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">A5</emphasis>
|
||
) are considered to represent derived forms where the large seta is replaced by one or two short macrotrichia. The groups with shape A4 with slender coxites have been revised recently with figures of the coxites provided:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF97AFD6FFDF992EFCACFB6FFC54FB61" authorityName="Andrewes" authorityYear="1931" box="[886,984,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Orictites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3AE30847FFDF992EFCACFB6FFC54FB61" box="[886,984,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">Orictites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and its subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF97AFD6FFDF992EFB7CFB6FFA94FB61" authorityName="Balkenohl" authorityYear="2017" box="[1190,1304,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Orictites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Semictites">
|
||
<emphasis id="3AE30847FFDF992EFB7CFB6FFA94FB61" box="[1190,1304,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">Semictites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6C06A9A4FFDF992EFAFDFB6FFF52FB4D" author="Balkenohl, M." pageId="6" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref10562" refString="Balkenohl, M. (2017 a) Revision of the genus Orictites ANDREWES (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Clivinini). Contributions to Natural History, 35, 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="2017">Balkenohl 2017a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, b), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF97AFD6FFDF992EFEE4FB0BFE4DFB4C" authorityName="Basilewsky" authorityYear="1952" box="[318,449,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Paracoryza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3AE30847FFDF992EFEE4FB0BFE4DFB4C" box="[318,449,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">Paracoryza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6C06A9A4FFDF992EFE0AFB0BFD0AFB4D" author="Balkenohl, M." box="[464,646,1231,1257]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" pagination="13 - 23" refId="ref10354" refString="Balkenohl, M. (2000) The genus Paracoryza Basilewsky, 1952 from equatorial Africa (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Clivinini). Coleoptera, 4, 13 - 23." type="journal article" year="2000">Balkenohl 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6C06A9A4FFDF992EFD4BFB0AFD42FB4D" author="Balkenohl, M." box="[657,718,1230,1257]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" pagination="161 - 168" refId="ref10444" refString="Balkenohl, M. (2005) Three new species of the genus Paracoryza Basilewsky, 1952 from equatorial Africa (Insecta, Coleoptera, Carabidae, Scarititae, Clivinini). Spixiana, 28, 161 - 168." type="journal article" year="2005">2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The groups with shape A5 with monomeric and conspicuously curved and short coxites were revised as well and comprise
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF97AFD6FFDF992EFC8FFB37FB09FAA9" authority="(Balkenohl 2021 b)" baseAuthorityName="Balkenohl" baseAuthorityYear="2021" box="[853,1157,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Syleter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3AE30847FFDF992EFC8FFB37FC2FFAA9" box="[853,931,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">Syleter</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6C06A9A4FFDF992EFC6EFB37FBF1FAA9" author="Balkenohl, M." box="[948,1149,1267,1293]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" pagination="357 - 374" refId="ref10848" refString="Balkenohl, M. (2021 b) Revisiting the Oriental genus Syleter Andrewes, 1941 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Clivinini). Revue suisse de Zoologie, 128, 357 - 374. https: // doi. org / 10.35929 / RSZ. 0050" type="journal article" year="2021">Balkenohl 2021b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF97AFD6FFDF992EFB49FB37FF57FA95" authority="(Balkenohl 2022)" baseAuthorityName="Balkenohl" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parasyleter" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3AE30847FFDF992EFB49FB37FA9AFAA9" box="[1171,1302,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">Parasyleter</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6C06A9A4FFDF992EFAFDFB37FF5FFA95" author="Balkenohl, M." pageId="6" pageNumber="105" pagination="229 - 241" refId="ref10895" refString="Balkenohl, M. (2022) On the genus Parasyleter Balkenohl, 2021 with the descriptions of four new species (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Clivinini). Revue suisse de Zoologie, 129, 229 - 241. https: // doi. org / 10.35929 / RSZ. 0073" type="journal article" year="2022">Balkenohl 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF97AFD6FFDF992EFF3DFAD3FDA2FA95" authority="(Balkenohl 1999 b)" baseAuthorityName="Balkenohl" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[231,558,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trilophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3AE30847FFDF992EFF3DFAD3FEDEFA95" box="[231,338,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">Trilophus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6C06A9A4FFDF992EFEBAFAD3FDAAFA95" author="Balkenohl, M." box="[352,550,1303,1329]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" pagination="429 - 537" refId="ref10305" refString="Balkenohl, M. (1999 b) Revision of the genus Trilophus Andrewes from the Oriental region (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 106, 429 - 537. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 80090" type="journal article" year="1999">Balkenohl 1999b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF97AFD6FFDF992EFDB3FAD3FC4DFA95" authority="(Balkenohl 2001)" baseAuthorityName="Balkenohl" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[617,961,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trilophidius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3AE30847FFDF992EFDB3FAD3FD7EFA95" box="[617,754,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">Trilophidius</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6C06A9A4FFDF992EFCDAFAD3FC34FA95" author="Balkenohl, M." box="[768,952,1303,1329]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" refId="ref10386" refString="Balkenohl, M. (2001) Key and Catalogue of the tribe Clivinini from the Oriental realm, with revisions of the genera Thliboclivina KULT, and Trilophidius JEANNEL (Insecta, Coleoptera, Carabidae, Scarititae, Clivinini). Pensoft Series Faunistica 21. Pensoft Publ., Sofia - Moscow. 83 pp." type="book" year="2001">Balkenohl 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0828D455FFDF992EFF1DFAFFFD3CF989" blockId="6.[151,1437,294,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">
|
||
Another basic morphology is represented by the small and unusual monomeric foliform gonocoxite and semirectangular glabrous epipleurite without central articulation (shape
|
||
<emphasis id="3AE30847FFDF992EFC4EFA9BFC2BFADD" bold="true" box="[916,935,1375,1401]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">B</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="90ACC8D0FFDF992EFC6CFA9BFC70FADD" box="[950,1020,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1604,1628]" captionTargetBox="[159,1430,1054,1572]" captionTargetId="figure-60@2.[151,1436,1047,1580]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Sulciclivina attenuata (Herbst, 1806). External parts of the female reproductive tract in ventro-lateral delaminated view, highlighting some of the terms used in the descriptions." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7119959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7119959/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). On a group level,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF97AFD6FFDF992EFB01FA9BFAE0FADD" authorityName="Kult" authorityYear="1959" box="[1243,1388,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Thliboclivina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3AE30847FFDF992EFB01FA9BFAE0FADD" box="[1243,1388,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">Thliboclivina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF97AFD6FFDF992EFF4DFA47FEA8FA39" authorityName="Kult" authorityYear="1959" box="[151,292,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Physoclivina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3AE30847FFDF992EFF4DFA47FEA8FA39" box="[151,292,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">Physoclivina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been revised and keyed out recently (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6C06A9A4FFDF992EFD30FA47FC16FA39" author="Balkenohl, M." box="[746,922,1411,1437]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" refId="ref10386" refString="Balkenohl, M. (2001) Key and Catalogue of the tribe Clivinini from the Oriental realm, with revisions of the genera Thliboclivina KULT, and Trilophidius JEANNEL (Insecta, Coleoptera, Carabidae, Scarititae, Clivinini). Pensoft Series Faunistica 21. Pensoft Publ., Sofia - Moscow. 83 pp." type="book" year="2001">Balkenohl 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6C06A9A4FFDF992EFC79FA47FC65FA39" author="Balkenohl, M." box="[931,1001,1411,1437]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" pagination="189 - 195" refId="ref10734" refString="Balkenohl, M. (2018 c) The first species of the subgenus Physoclivina KULT, 1959 outside equatorial Africa (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Clivinini). Linzer biologische Beitrage, 50, 189 - 195." type="journal article" year="2018">2018c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6C06A9A4FFDF992EFC28FA47FBF5FA39" author="Dostal, A." box="[1010,1145,1410,1437]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" pagination="27 - 37" refId="ref11243" refString="Dostal, A. (2015) Two new species of Clivina LATREILLE, 1802 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Scaritinae) from Africa. Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Osterreichischer Entomologen, 67, 27 - 37." type="journal article" year="2015">Dostal 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF97AFD6FFDF992EFB53FA47FB7EFA39" authorityName="Kult" authorityYear="1959" box="[1161,1266,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Eoclivina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3AE30847FFDF992EFB53FA47FB7EFA39" box="[1161,1266,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">Eoclivina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is characterised and keyed out by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6C06A9A4FFDF992EFEBBFA63FE6FFA65" author="Kult, K." box="[353,483,1446,1473]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" pagination="172 - 225" refId="ref11900" refString="Kult, K. (1959) Revision of the African species of the old genus Clivina LATR. (Col. Carabidae). Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 60, 172 - 225." type="journal article" year="1959">Kult (1959)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
but without considering characters of the genitalia. The Oriental
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF97AFD6FFDF992EFB66FA63FAC9FA64" baseAuthorityName="Herbst" baseAuthorityYear="1806" box="[1212,1349,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Clivina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="attenuata">
|
||
<emphasis id="3AE30847FFDF992EFB66FA63FAC9FA64" box="[1212,1349,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">C. attenuata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-species group is supposed to belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF97AFD6FFDF992EFE3CFA0FFDC3FA41" authorityName="Kult" authorityYear="1959" box="[486,591,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Eoclivina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3AE30847FFDF992EFE3CFA0FFDC3FA41" box="[486,591,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">Eoclivina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as indicated in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6C06A9A4FFDF992EFD2CFA0FFC07FA41" author="Lorenz, W." box="[758,907,1482,1509]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" refId="ref12009" refString="Lorenz, W. (2005) Systematic list of extant Ground Beetles of the World (Insecta Coleoptera " Geadephaga ": Trachypachidae and Carabidae incl. Paussinae, Cicindelinae, Rhysodidae), Second Edition 2005. Tutzing, printed by the author, 530 pp." type="book" year="2005">Lorenz (2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2022). However, this assumption is investigated here the first time. The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF97AFD6FFDF992EFE55FA2BFD99F9AC" baseAuthorityName="Herbst" baseAuthorityYear="1806" box="[399,533,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Clivina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="attenuata">
|
||
<emphasis id="3AE30847FFDF992EFE55FA2BFD99F9AC" box="[399,533,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">C. attenuata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-species group has not been revised in more than ninety years, with the last available treatment on a species level by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6C06A9A4FFDF992EFE30F9D7FD20F989" author="Andrewes, H. E." box="[490,684,1555,1581]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" refId="ref9746" refString="Andrewes, H. E. (1929) The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Coleoptera, Carabidae, Vol. I., Carabinae. Taylor & Francis, London, 431 pp." type="book" year="1929">Andrewes (1929)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0828D455FFDF992EFF1DF9F3FD1BF919" blockId="6.[151,1437,294,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">
|
||
It has been found that, apart from the conspicuous differences of characters in the female genitalia, all members of these four species groups share several unusual external characters and combinations of characters not present in the other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF97AFD6FFDF992EFED9F9BBFEE6F93D" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[259,362,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Clivinini">Clivinini</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Based on the striking differences, the sixteen species have been integrated into a new subtribe characterised in this contribution (see below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0828D455FFDF992EFF1DF903FAFAF8E9" blockId="6.[151,1437,294,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">
|
||
The third basic pattern shows a monomeric hyaline musaceous gonocoxite and a glabrous rectangular epipleurite without central articulation (shape
|
||
<emphasis id="3AE30847FFDF992EFDF8F92EFDBAF8A0" bold="true" box="[546,566,1770,1796]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">C</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="90ACC8D0FFDF992EFD9CF92FFD15F8A1" box="[582,665,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURES 47-54" captionStartId="26.[152,270,1192,1216]" captionTargetBox="[336,1256,192,1167]" captionTargetId="figure-23@26.[322,1266,181,1168]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 47-54. Clivinini species, gonocoxites and epipleurites, ventro-lateral view. Shape C. 47, 48. Coryza maculata Nietner, 1856, specimens from Nepal in mounted and unmounted view. 49. Halocoryza maindoniAlluaud, 1919, specimen from Aden, Yemen in unmounted view. 50. H. arenaria (Darlington, 1939), specimen from Barbados. 51. Lophocoryza sechellensis Basilewsky, 1973, PT from Ile Praslin, Seychelles, unmounted view. 52, 53. L. araticeps omanica Balkenohl, 2018, HT in enlarged detailed and delaminated view. 54. L. sciakyi Balkenohl, 2018, PT from Saint-Augustin, Madagascar." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7119975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7119975/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">Fig. 47</figureCitation>
|
||
), also representing a different line. The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF97AFD6FFDF992EFB7CF92FFAB9F8A1" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1941" box="[1190,1333,1771,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Lophocoryza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3AE30847FFDF992EFB7CF92FFAB9F8A1" box="[1190,1333,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">Lophocoryza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been revised recently (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6C06A9A4FFDF992EFE8AF8CBFD9CF88D" author="Balkenohl, M." box="[336,528,1807,1833]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref10689" refString="Balkenohl, M. (2018 b) Revision of the genus Lophocoryza Alluaud, 1941 with descriptions of three new species and one new subspecies (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Clivinini). Belgian Journal of Entomology, 68, 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="2018">Balkenohl 2018b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF97AFD6FFDF992EFDFBF8CBFD2DF88D" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1919" box="[545,673,1807,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Halocoryza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3AE30847FFDF992EFDFBF8CBFD2DF88D" box="[545,673,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">Halocoryza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was treated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6C06A9A4FFDF992EFC9CF8CBFB88F88D" author="Whitehead, D. R." box="[838,1028,1807,1833]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" pagination="217 - 228" refId="ref12619" refString="Whitehead, D. R. (1966) A review of Halocoryza Alluaud, with notes on its relationship to Schizogenius Putzeys (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Psyche, 73, 217 - 228. https: // doi. org / 10.1155 / 1966 / 74650" type="journal article" year="1966">Whitehead (1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6C06A9A4FFDF992EFBD4F8CBFBCAF88D" author="Whitehead, D. R." box="[1038,1094,1807,1833]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" pagination="131 - 348" refId="ref12668" refString="Whitehead, D. R. (1972) Classification, phylogeny and zoogeography of Schizogenius PUTZEYS (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Scaritini). Questiones entomologicae, 8, 131 - 348." type="journal article" year="1972">1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and revisited by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6C06A9A4FFDF992EFADFF8CBFA15F88D" author="Erwin, T. L." box="[1285,1433,1807,1833]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref11387" refString="Erwin, T. L. (2011) Halocoryza Alluaud, 1919, sea-side beetles of the Indian, Atlantic (sensu lato), and Pacific Oceans: a generic synopsis and description of a remarkable new species from Baja California Sur, Mexico (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Scaritini, Clivinina). ZooKeys, 127, 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 127.1748" type="journal article" year="2011">Erwin (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF97AFD6FFDF992EFF4DF8F7FF6AF8E9" authorityName="Putzeys" authorityYear="1867" box="[151,230,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Coryza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3AE30847FFDF992EFF4DF8F7FF6AF8E9" box="[151,230,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">Coryza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an unrevised genus with partly unclear synonymies, undescribed species, and partly unclear distribution.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0828D455FFDF992EFF1DF893FA98F879" blockId="6.[151,1437,294,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">
|
||
The fourth basic pattern shows monomeric hyaline elongated foliform gonocoxites and semi-square glabrous epipleurites with complete articulation (shape
|
||
<emphasis id="3AE30847FFDF992EFD70F8BFFD32F831" bold="true" box="[682,702,1915,1941]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">D</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="90ACC8D0FFDF992EFD15F8BFFCA9F831" box="[719,805,1914,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 55" captionStartId="26.[152,255,1949,1973]" captionTargetBox="[555,1034,1425,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-112@26.[550,1038,1421,1925]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 55. Afrosyleter ituricus Basilewsky, 1959, specimen from Parc du Banco, Ivory Coast. Gonocoxites and epipleurite, ventro-lateral view. Shape D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7119977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7119977/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">Fig. 55</figureCitation>
|
||
). The shape is found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF97AFD6FFDF992EFBE4F8BFFB35F831" authorityName="Basilewsky" authorityYear="1959" box="[1086,1209,1915,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Afrosyleter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3AE30847FFDF992EFBE4F8BFFB35F831" box="[1086,1209,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="105">Afrosyleter</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a genus treated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6C06A9A4FFDF992EFF4DF85BFE47F81D" author="Bulirsch, P. & Magrini, P." box="[151,459,1951,1977]" pageId="6" pageNumber="105" pagination="7 - 21" refId="ref11020" refString="Bulirsch, P. & Magrini, P. (2018) Revision of the genus Afrosyleter Basilewsky, 1959 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Scaritinae: Clivinini) with the description of three new species. Studies and Reports, 14, 7 - 21." type="journal article" year="2018">Bulirsch & Magrini (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
with a figure of the gonocoxites of one species. This shape seems to represent also a different line. However, the data published and the examples at hand are poor and need further insight.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |