258 lines
20 KiB
XML
258 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.99.23713" ID-PMC="PMC5972148" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-99-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="70092509EA3CFFCEAB02FFFAFFF6FFB6" ID-PubMed="29861651" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1254650" ModsDocID="1314-2003-99-1" checkinTime="1526951308438" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Block, Petra De, Rakotonasolo, Franck, Ntore, Salvator, Sylvain G. Razafimandimbison, & Janssens, Steven" docDate="2018" docId="63FDE646BE5AF515D90DAE1C9D2B3081" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 99: 1-66" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 99" docPubDate="2018-05-21" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.99.23713" docTitle="Tulearia capsaintemariensis De Block 2018, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" id="70092509EA3CFFCEAB02FFFAFFF6FFB6" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="70092509EA3CFFCEAB02FFFAFFF6FFB6" masterDocTitle="Four new endemic genera of Rubiaceae (Pavetteae) from Madagascar represent multiple radiations into drylands" masterLastPageNumber="66" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668142303887" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Four new endemic genera of Rubiaceae (Pavetteae) from Madagascar represent multiple radiations into drylands</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Block, Petra De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Botanic Garden Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">petra.deblock@plantentuinmeise.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rakotonasolo, Franck</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre, Lot II J 131 Ambodivoanjo, Ivandry, Antananarivo, Madagascar & Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza, Antananarivo- 101, Madagascar</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ntore, Salvator</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Botanic Garden Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sylvain G. Razafimandimbison,</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany, P. O. Box 50007, SE- 10405 Stockholm, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Janssens, Steven</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Botanic Garden Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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||
<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2018-05-21</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>99</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>66</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.99.23713</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.99.23713</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-99-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">70092509EA3CFFCEAB02FFFAFFF6FFB6</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1254650</mods:identifier>
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||
</mods:mods>
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<subSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="results">
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="144059749" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:63FDE646BE5AF515D90DAE1C9D2B3081" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/63FDE646BE5AF515D90DAE1C9D2B3081" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="63FDE646-BE5A-F515-D90D-AE1C9D2B3081" authority="De Block" authorityName="De Block" authorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Tulearia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tulearia capsaintemariensis" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capsaintemariensis" status="sp. nov.">Tulearia capsaintemariensis De Block</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Tulearia. A-D Tulearia splendida: A habit B flowers C young inflorescence showing calyces and flower buds D young fruits E-K T. capsaintemariensis: E, F habit G branching pattern H top view of flower I lateral view of flower J ovary and calyx K fruit. Photographs: P. De Block (A, B, E, F, J), S. Dessein (C, D), M. Strack Van Schijndel (G-I), I. Van der Beeten (K)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.99.23713.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/203818" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 3E-K</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Tulearia capsaintemariensis. A, habit B adaxial view of leaf C bracteole, ovary and calyx D corolla, style, stigma and anthers E young fruit F transverse section through fruit G seed, lateral view H placenta and ovules, abaxial view I placenta and ovules, adaxial view. A, B, E, F Groeninckx et al. 309 C, D, G-I De Block et al. 2421." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.99.23713.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/203827" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 12</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Pollen of Pseudocoptosperma and Tulearia. A-C, J Pseudocoptosperma menabense D-F, K Tulearia capsaintemariensis G-I, L, M T. splendida. A, D, G polar view B, E, H equatorial view C, F, I mesocolpium J-L ectoaperture M pollen grain wall. A-C, J Capuron 20569 - SF; D-F, K Groeninckx et al. 309 G-I, L, M Capuron 20777 - SF." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.99.23713.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/203828" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 13D-F, K</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Differing from
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. splendida" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="splendida">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. splendida</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the smaller leaves (5-20
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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3.5-5.5 mm vs. 10-35
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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6-15 mm in
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. splendida" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="splendida">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. splendida</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), the secondary nerves which are invisible on both leaf surfaces (vs. visible in
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. splendida" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="splendida">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. splendida</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), the uniflorous inflorescences (vs. 1-5 flowers), the shorter bracteoles (up to 3 mm vs. 8-12 mm long), the shorter calyx lobes (1-2 mm vs. 7.5-10 mm long) and the longer calyx tube (1.5-3 mm vs. ca. 1 mm long).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2010-04-03" collectorName="Groeninckx, De Block, Rakotonasolo" country="MADAGASCAR" elevation="124" location="Fort-Dauphin" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Toliara Province" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCountry name="Madagascar">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingRegion country="Madagascar" name="Toliara">Toliara Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:63FDE646BE5AF515D90DAE1C9D2B3081:6CDB22EC80BC031F3BF8EE68C4FD2869" country="MADAGASCAR" name="Fort-Dauphin" stateProvince="Toliara Province">Fort-Dauphin</location>
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, road
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<locationDeviation firstLocation="Faux-Cap" secondLocation="Marovato">between Faux-Cap and Marovato</locationDeviation>
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,
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<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.24" unit="m" value="124.0">
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<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.24" unit="m" value="124.0">124 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<collectingDate value="2010-04-03">3 Apr 2010</collectingDate>
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(fl., fr.),
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<collectorName>Groeninckx</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName>De Block</collectorName>
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&
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<collectorName>Rakotonasolo</collectorName>
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309 (
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<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
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: BR!; isotypes: BR!, K!, MO!, P!, TAN!)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Shrub,
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<quantity metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" unit="m" value="1.0" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="0.5">0.5-1.5 m</quantity>
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high; young shoots brown, densely covered with spreading hairs, rapidly becoming corky with loss of pubescence; older branches pale brown, fawnish or greyish, corky. Leaves elliptic, narrowly elliptic or rarely broadly elliptic, 5-20
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="3.0" unit="mm" value="4.25" valueMax="5.5" valueMin="3.0">3-5.5 mm</quantity>
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; blades thickly coriaceous, drying brown to blackish brown and somewhat glossy above, somewhat paler below, densely covered with short erect hairs above, lanate but often with hairs more appressed on midrib below; base obtuse to rounded; apex rounded and mucronate; midrib raised in the basal half on the lower leaf surface, somewhat impressed on the upper leaf surface; secondary nerves invisible on both surfaces. Petioles
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1-2 mm</quantity>
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long, densely covered with appressed or spreading hairs. Stipules caducous, moderately to densely covered with appressed hairs outside but rapidly becoming corky and losing the pubescence; sheaths triangular,
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5-2 mm</quantity>
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long; tips
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.75" metricValueMax="12.5" metricValueMin="5.0" unit="mm" value="0.875" valueMax="1.25" valueMin="0.5">0.5-1.25 mm</quantity>
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long. Inflorescences uniflorous; bracteoles opposite at the base of the ovary, trilobate or, rarely, reduced to a single lobe; if trilobate, then consisting of a ca.
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
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high basal sheath, 2 linear or narrowly triangular lateral lobes,
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" unit="mm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="0.5">0.5-1.5 mm</quantity>
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long, and a central lobe, either linear and
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.5" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5-3 mm</quantity>
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long or more rarely leaflike (petiole to
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
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long, blade to 6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
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, shape identical to that of vegetative leaves), bracteoles moderately covered with appressed or spreading hairs outside, lateral lobes and base of central lobe densely covered with appressed hairs and a few large colleters inside, central lobe higher up round in cross-section and pubescence on adaxial surface identical to that on abaxial surface. Flowers sessile. Calyx green, densely covered with erect or spreading hairs outside, densely covered with appressed hairs inside; tube
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.5" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5-3 mm</quantity>
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long, with a ring of colleters at the base inside, the colleters more densely present in the region of the sinuses of the calyx lobes; lobes (4-)5-7, ovate, 1-2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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ca.
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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, somewhat keeled when dry, bases not overlapping but closely joining, tips acute to rounded. Corolla sericeous outside; tube 8-10(-18*) mm long,
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5-2 mm</quantity>
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in diameter at the base,
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3-4 mm</quantity>
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in diameter at the throat, basal half densely covered with erect hairs inside; lobes oblong, 6-7(-12*)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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3.5-4(-5.5*) mm, glabrous inside, margins densely ciliate, tips rounded. Stamens inserted in the sinuses of the corolla lobes ca.
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
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below the level of the throat, only upper half exserted from corolla tube at anthesis; filaments <
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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long; anthers ca.
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
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long. Ovary
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5-2 mm</quantity>
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long, green, densely covered with erect or spreading hairs, faintly ribbed longitudinally when dry. Placenta attached to the upper half of the septum with 5-7 ovules arranged along its periphery. Style and stigma white, 12-14(-22*) mm long, exserted from the corolla tube for
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4-5 mm</quantity>
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; style densely covered with upwardly-directed spreading hairs in the lower half; stigma fusiform, stigmatic tips free and spreading for ca.
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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, receptive zone 6-7(-9*) mm long, widened over the entire length. Fruits bilobed or rarely trilobed, 5-5.5(-7*)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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4.5-5(-7*) mm (persistent calyx not included), densely covered with short erect hairs; when mature, fruit and persistent calyx tube black, calyx lobes remaining green; 2(-3) pyrenes per fruit, stony, with a central vertical ridge apically on the adaxial side; 1 seed per pyrene, ca. 3.5-4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="habitat">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Open-canopy dry scrub, on calcareous soil, alt. 0-150 m.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Only occurring along the coast in the Androy Region in southern Madagascar. Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Distribution maps. A Exallosperma longiflora B Helictosperma malacophylla C H. poissoniana D Pseudocoptosperma menabense E Tulearia splendida F T. capsaintemariensis." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.99.23713.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/203829" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">14F</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="phenology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phenology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Flowering & fruiting: April.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="critical note">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Critical note.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Measurements indicated with * in the description are from a specimen grown in greenhouse conditions.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary iucn assesment">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary IUCN assesment.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Critically Endangered: CR B1ab(i, ii, iii, iv) + 2ab(i, ii, iii, iv). The extent of occurrence (EOO) of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="De Block" authorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Tulearia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tulearia capsaintemariensis" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capsaintemariensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tulearia capsaintemariensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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cannot be calculated because only two specimens have ever been collected, but it can be estimated that the EOO is below 100 km2. Its area of occupancy (AOO) is 18 km2 using a cell width of 3 km but 8 km2 using a cell width of 2 km. The species was only discovered in 2010 and occurs in a single location which is not included in a protected area. The main threat to the species is habitat loss as a result of grazing, subsistence farming or land clearing for sisal plantations. Based on the above information, the species is assessed as Critically Endangered.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Additional specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2010-04-04" collectorName="de Cap Sainte Marie National Park, De Block, Groeninckx, Rakotonasolo" country="MADAGASCAR" elevation="21" location="Valala" municipality="Cap Sainte Marie National Park" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Toliara Province">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<collectingCountry name="Madagascar">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
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</emphasis>
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.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Madagascar" name="Toliara">Toliara Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="près">pres</normalizedToken>
|
||
<collectorName>
|
||
de
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Cap Sainte Marie National Park</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:63FDE646BE5AF515D90DAE1C9D2B3081:FF54348C5E3FB7B864FE102128BFB271" country="MADAGASCAR" municipality="Cap Sainte Marie National Park" name="Valala" stateProvince="Toliara Province">Valala</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" unit="m" value="21.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" unit="m" value="21.0">21 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2010-04-04">4 Apr 2010</collectingDate>
|
||
(fr.),
|
||
<collectorName>De Block</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>Groeninckx</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName>Rakotonasolo</collectorName>
|
||
2421 (BR, G, K, MO, P, TAN)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</document> |