381 lines
30 KiB
XML
381 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.811.30809" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2b5e0955-0a3f-4782-9016-428cf50f2c32" ID-PMC="PMC6323099" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-811-81" ID-PubMed="30627039" ID-ZBK="869F5B799DA745FD97D5F43394C6E01C" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-811-81" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 811" ModsDocTitle="Neotermescostaseca: a new termite from the coastal desert of Peru and the redescription of N.chilensis (Isoptera, Kalotermitidae)" checkinTime="1546264719874" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Scheffrahn, Rudolf H." docDate="2018" docId="3113AA83A6EC616AE6AA62AABE9C17AE" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 811: 81-90" docOrigin="ZooKeys 811" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.811.30809" docTitle="Neotermes costaseca Scheffrahn, 2018, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="94D33072-E4B6-4251-96DC-CF1DB7D9E429" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="85" masterDocId="F93FFFFCFFC6C061FFE6FFA5FFDD6476" masterDocTitle="Neotermescostaseca: a new termite from the coastal desert of Peru and the redescription of N. chilensis (Isoptera, Kalotermitidae)" masterLastPageNumber="90" masterPageNumber="81" pageNumber="82" updateTime="1668166661965" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Neotermescostaseca: a new termite from the coastal desert of Peru and the redescription of N. chilensis (Isoptera, Kalotermitidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Scheffrahn, Rudolf H.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>811</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>81</mods:start>
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<mods:end>90</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.811.30809</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.811.30809</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-811-81</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">869F5B799DA745FD97D5F43394C6E01C</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">869F5B799DA745FD97D5F43394C6E01C</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="154126484" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:94D33072-E4B6-4251-96DC-CF1DB7D9E429" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3113AA83A6EC616AE6AA62AABE9C17AE" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="82" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/94D33072-E4B6-4251-96DC-CF1DB7D9E429" class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Neotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotermes costaseca" order="Blattodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costaseca">Neotermes costaseca</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="82">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figures 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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, 2, 3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
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, 4; Tables 1, 2
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="82" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
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The imago of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. costaseca" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="costaseca">N. costaseca</taxonomicName>
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has larger eyes and ocelli than
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. chilensis" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="chilensis">N. chilensis</taxonomicName>
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and the former possesses arolia. The soldier mandible of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. chilensis" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="chilensis">N. chilensis</taxonomicName>
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has much more pronounced basal humps than
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. costaseca" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="costaseca">N. costaseca</taxonomicName>
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and the former has more protruding genal horns.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="82" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
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Imago (Figs 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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, 2; Table 1). Head capsule and pronotum orange-brown. Compound eye nearly circular; ocellus yellowish orange, large, and roundly ellipsoid; nearly touching eye margin. Head vertex and frons slightly depressed, without rugosity; covered with dozens of long (0.25 mm), variously directed setae. Pronotum wider than head capsule; anterior margin evenly concave; anterior margin very weakly emarginate. Pronotum covered with shorter and many long (0.3 mm) setae, especially along lateral margins. Antennae with 17-22 articles, basal article relative lengths 1>2=3>4. Anterior margin of fore wing scale convex; margin lined with 12-15 setae. Fore wing with subcosta joining costal margin at ca. one-fifth of wing length from suture. Radius joining costal margin at two-fifths wing length; radial sector with ca. seven anterior branches. Median vein sclerotised and running very close to and parallel radial sector. Arolium present.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
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Figure 1. Dorsal and lateral views of head and pronotum and fore tarsi of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Neotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neotermes</taxonomicName>
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alates.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. ostaseca" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="ostaseca">N. ostaseca</taxonomicName>
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(arrow = arolium)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. chilensis" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="chilensis">N. chilensis</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
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Figure 2. Fore and hind wing of the
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Neotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotermes costaseca" order="Blattodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costaseca">Neotermes costaseca</taxonomicName>
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alate.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption ID-Table-UUID="82AFD97BD4BECB30216EFB86E9F6F787" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/82AFD97BD4BECB30216EFB86E9F6F787" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
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Table 1. Measurements (mm) of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Neotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neotermes</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="imagos’">imagos'</normalizedToken>
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characters.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
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<table pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
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<tr pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">Characters</td>
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<td colspan="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">Females, 3 colonies (n = 8)</td>
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<td colspan="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">Males, 5 colonies (n = 10)</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Neotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotermes costaseca" order="Blattodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costaseca">Neotermes costaseca</taxonomicName>
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, sp. n.
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</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">mean</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">range</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">mean</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">range</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="2">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Neotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotermes chilensis" order="Blattodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilensis">Neotermes chilensis</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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<td colspan="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">Females, 1 colony (n = 1)</td>
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<td colspan="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">Males, 2 colonies (n = 2)</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">mean</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">range</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">mean</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">range</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
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Soldier (Fig. 3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
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, Table 2). Head capsule in dorsal and lateral aspect orange-brown; ventrally yellowish orange; pronotum yellowish orange. Eye spot yellow; small, narrow ellipsoid. Head and pronotum covered with shorter and moderately long (0.15-0.25 mm) setae; seta denser and longer on frontal lobes. Head capsule with lateral margins nearly parallel, slightly converging at anterior; genal horns not protruding in ventral view. Frons roundly sloping 45° from vertex; depressed and slightly rugose from width of postclypeus to anterior vertex. Y-suture distinct, narrow. Pronotum width 2.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length, posterior margin slightly concave, posterolateral corners rounded 90°. Antennae with 14-16 articles, basal article relative lengths 1>2<3>4. Mandibles with shallow basal hump more than 4/5th length from apical points. Mandibles evenly curved ca. 80° along apical third.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
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Figure 3. Open mandible, dorsal, lateral, and ventral views of soldier head capsule and pronotum of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Neotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neotermes</taxonomicName>
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soldiers.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Neotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotermes costaseca" order="Blattodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costaseca">Neotermes costaseca</taxonomicName>
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and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="E–H">E-H</normalizedToken>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. chilensis" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="chilensis">N. chilensis</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
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Table 2. Measurements (mm) of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Neotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neotermes</taxonomicName>
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soldier characters.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
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<table pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
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<tr pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
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<th colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="2">Characters</th>
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<th colspan="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Neotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotermes costaseca" order="Blattodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costaseca">Neotermes costaseca</taxonomicName>
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(n = 10)
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</th>
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<th colspan="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Neotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotermes chilensis" order="Blattodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilensis">Neotermes chilensis</taxonomicName>
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(n = 10)
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</th>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
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<th colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">mean</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">range</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">mean</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">range</th>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">rd</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
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Holotype:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Perú">Peru</normalizedToken>
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: Lurin, Rio Lurin, (-12.275, -76.879), 23OCT2007, J
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Křeček">Krecek</normalizedToken>
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(JK); labelled soldier (University of Florida Termite collection no. PE131).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Perú">Peru</normalizedToken>
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: Lurin, Rio Lurin (-12.275, -76.879), 23OCT2007, J.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Křeček">Krecek</normalizedToken>
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(JK); winged imagos, soldiers, pseudergates (UF no. PE131).
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Perú">Peru</normalizedToken>
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: Lima, Rio Chillon (-11.979, -77.090), 20OCT2007, JK; winged imagos (UF no. PE107).
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Perú">Peru</normalizedToken>
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: Lima, Rio Lurin, Quebrada Verde bridge (-12.237, -76.856), 23OCT2007, JK, Gerardo; winged imagos (UF no. PE117).
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Perú">Peru</normalizedToken>
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: Lima, Rio Lurin, Quebrada Verde bridge (-12.237, -76.856), 23OCT2007, JK, Gerardo; winged imagos (UF no. PE119).
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Perú">Peru</normalizedToken>
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: Lima, Huaral (-12.275, -76.879), 23OCT2007, JK, Gerardo; winged imagos (UF no. PE131).
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Perú">Peru</normalizedToken>
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: Lima, Rio Lurin (-11.521, -77.239), 25OCT2007, JK, C. Torres; winged imagos (UF no. PE145).
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Perú">Peru</normalizedToken>
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: Lima, Chacra y Mar (-11.60804, -77.23939), 25OCT2007, T. Carrijo R. Constantino, J. Chase, J.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Křeček">Krecek</normalizedToken>
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, E. Kuswanto, J. Mangold, A. Mullins, T. Nishimura, R. Scheffrahn (CCCKKMMNS); winged imagos (UF no. PU1012).
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Perú">Peru</normalizedToken>
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: Ancash, Huaylas (-8.872, -77.894), 9MAY2014, CCCKKMMNS;
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<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="83" start="start">soldiers</pageBreakToken>
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(UF no. PU1019).
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Perú">Peru</normalizedToken>
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: Parque Nat. Lachay (-11.363, -77.371), 9MAY2014, CCCKKMMNS; soldiers (UF no. PU1007).
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Perú">Peru</normalizedToken>
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: Lima, Chacra y Mar (-11.608, -77.239), 3JUN14, CCCKKMMNS; soldiers (UF no. PU1011).
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Perú">Peru</normalizedToken>
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: Lima, Huaral, Pueblo Libre, Rio Chancay bridge (-11.514, -77.230), 23OCT2007, JK, C. Torres; soldiers (UF no. PE135).
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Perú">Peru</normalizedToken>
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: Lima, Rio Lurin, Quebrada Verde bridge (-12.237, -76.856), 23OCT2007, JK, Gerardo Torres; soldiers (UF no. PE120).
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Perú">Peru</normalizedToken>
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: Lima, Pachacamac (-12.243, -76.864), 23OCT2007, JK, Gerardo; soldiers (UF no. PE126).
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Neotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotermes fulvescens" order="Blattodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvescens">Neotermes fulvescens</taxonomicName>
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, Paraguay: Dry Chaco Mariscal Estigarribia (-22.078, -60.552), 1JUN2012, J. Chase; soldiers and queen (UF no. PA742).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="83" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="83">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="83">
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From Spanish, meaning "dry coast" and describing the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
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habitat; to be treated as a noun in apposition.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="2" pageNumber="83" type="comparisons">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="83">Comparisons.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="2" pageNumber="83">
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Although climatically isolated, some character overlap is possible with other neotropical
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Neotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neotermes</taxonomicName>
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. A revision of Neotropical
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Neotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neotermes</taxonomicName>
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is needed to identify diagnostic characters. The imago of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. costaseca" pageId="2" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="costaseca">N. costaseca</taxonomicName>
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has longer head and pronotal setae
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="84" start="start">and</pageBreakToken>
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larger eyes and ocelli than
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. chilensis" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="chilensis">N. chilensis</taxonomicName>
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.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Neotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotermes costaseca" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costaseca">Neotermes costaseca</taxonomicName>
|
||
has an arolium which is lacking in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. chilensis" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="chilensis">N. chilensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The soldier mandible of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. chilensis" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="chilensis">N. chilensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
has much more pronounced basal humps, more sinuate marginal teeth, and more sharply curved apical teeth than
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. costaseca" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="costaseca">N. costaseca</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The anterolateral corners of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. chilensis" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="chilensis">N. chilensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
constrict more than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. costaseca" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="costaseca">N. costaseca</taxonomicName>
|
||
and, unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. costaseca" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="costaseca">N. costaseca</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the genal horns of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. chilensis" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="chilensis">N. chilensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
protrude. The pronotum of the
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. chilensis" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="chilensis">N. chilensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
soldier is crescent-shaped with that of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. costaseca" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="costaseca">N. costaseca</taxonomicName>
|
||
resembles a bow tie. The soldier eye spot of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. costaseca" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="costaseca">N. costaseca</taxonomicName>
|
||
is hyaline while that of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. chilensis" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="chilensis">N. chilensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
is almost always pigmented. The soldier of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. castaneus" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="castaneus">N. castaneus</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from both
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. costaseca" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="costaseca">N. costaseca</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. chilensis" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="chilensis">N. chilensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having shorter, thicker mandibles with larger, more rounded basal humps.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="84">
|
||
The arid-adapted
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. costaseca" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="costaseca">N. costaseca</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. chilensis" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="chilensis">N. chilensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
are most comparable with non-Amazonian congenerics from Argentina (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Torales, GJ" journalOrPublisher="Sociobiology" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" pagination="31 - 47" title="Additions to the taxonomy and distribution of Isoptera from Argentina." volume="51" year="2008">Torales et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Bolivia, Paraguay, and southern Brazil (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Krishna, K" journalOrPublisher="American Museum of Natural History Bulletin" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" pagination="201 - 623" title="Treatise on the Isoptera of the world. Vol. 2 Basal Families." volume="377" year="2013">Krishna et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. chilensis" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="chilensis">N. chilensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the soldiers of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. hirtellus" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="hirtellus">N. hirtellus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Silvestri),
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. fulvescens" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="fulvescens">N. fulvescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Silvestri), and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. modestus" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="modestus">N. modestus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Silvestri) all have more reduced madibular basal humps (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Silvestri, F" journalOrPublisher="Redia" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 234" title="Contribuzione alla conoscenza dei termite e termitofili dell'America meridionale." volume="1" year="1903">Silvestri 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. costaseca" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="costaseca">N. costaseca</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. chilensis" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="chilensis">N. chilensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. hirtellus" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="hirtellus">N. hirtellus</taxonomicName>
|
||
soldier has a shorter third antennal article relative to the second, the head converging toward the front, and the ocellus separated from eye (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Costa Lima, A" journalOrPublisher="Boletim da Sociedade Brasileira de Agronomia" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" pagination="377 - 387" title="Sobre cupins brocas da Goiabeira (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae)." volume="4" year="1941">Costa Lima 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The imago and soldier of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. fulvescens" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="fulvescens">N. fulvescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
are smaller, the imago lacks an arolium, and the solder mandibles are shorter and thicker than both
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. chilensis" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="chilensis">N. chilensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. costaseca" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="costaseca">N. costaseca</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. modestus" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="modestus">N. modestus</taxonomicName>
|
||
soldier and imago are smaller than both
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. chilensis" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="chilensis">N. chilensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. costaseca" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="costaseca">N. costaseca</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Silvestri, F" journalOrPublisher="Redia" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 234" title="Contribuzione alla conoscenza dei termite e termitofili dell'America meridionale." volume="1" year="1903">Silvestri 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. chilensis" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="chilensis">N. chilensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. costaseca" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="costaseca">N. costaseca</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the imago wings of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. arthurimuelleri" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="arthurimuelleri">N. arthurimuelleri</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Rosen) are more darkly pigmented, shorter (12 mm long), and the ocelli are more separated from the eye (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Costa Lima, A" journalOrPublisher="Boletim da Sociedade Brasileira de Agronomia" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 4" title="Sobre Kalotermes (Neotermes) wagneri e especies afins (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae)." volume="5" year="1942">Costa Lima 1942</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="85" start="start">The</pageBreakToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. glabriusculus" pageId="4" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="glabriusculus">N. glabriusculus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Oliveira imago has smaller ocelli than both
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. costaseca" pageId="4" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="costaseca">N. costaseca</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. chilensis" pageId="4" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="chilensis">N. chilensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and are more removed from the eye while the soldier dentition in the former is less robust and the tips are not as curved and have almost no basal humps (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Oliveira, GMF" journalOrPublisher="Dusenia" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" pagination="49 - 57" title="Duas novas especies de Neotermes do Brasil (Isoptera, Kalotermitidae)." volume="11" year="1979">Oliveira 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. magnoculus" pageId="4" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="magnoculus">N. magnoculus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Snyder) imago is smaller (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Snyder, TE" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 76" title="Termites collected on the Mulford Biological Exploration to the Amazon Basin, 1921 - 1922." volume="68" year="1926">Snyder 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) than
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. chilesnsis" pageId="4" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="chilesnsis">N. chilesnsis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. costaseca" pageId="4" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="costaseca">N. costaseca</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. wagneri" pageId="4" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="wagneri">N. wagneri</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Desneux) soldier has proportionally shorter mandibles and no enlargement of the third antennal article compared with
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. chilesnsis" pageId="4" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="chilesnsis">N. chilesnsis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. costaseca" pageId="4" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="costaseca">N. costaseca</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Costa Lima, A" journalOrPublisher="Boletim da Sociedade Brasileira de Agronomia" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" pagination="377 - 387" title="Sobre cupins brocas da Goiabeira (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae)." volume="4" year="1941">Costa Lima 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Costa Lima, A" journalOrPublisher="Boletim da Sociedade Brasileira de Agronomia" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 4" title="Sobre Kalotermes (Neotermes) wagneri e especies afins (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae)." volume="5" year="1942">1942</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Finally, the
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. zanclus" pageId="4" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="zanclus">N. zanclus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Oliveira soldier has a more elongated and sub rectangular head capsule (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Oliveira, GMF" journalOrPublisher="Dusenia" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" pagination="49 - 57" title="Duas novas especies de Neotermes do Brasil (Isoptera, Kalotermitidae)." volume="11" year="1979">Oliveira 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="85" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="85">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Neotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotermes costaseca" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costaseca">Neotermes costaseca</taxonomicName>
|
||
colonies were collected from both dead branches attached to live trees and directly from sapwood within live trees (Fig. 4). Alates were present in October, but were not collected in June suggesting the latter as part of the likely flight season. The greater tergite separation and mottling in the queen depicted in Fig. 4A suggest that this queen is older than the queen in Fig. 4C
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="85">
|
||
Figure 4. Live habitus photographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Neotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotermes costaseca" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costaseca">Neotermes costaseca</taxonomicName>
|
||
; A physogastric queen and pseudergate, colony 1 B soldier, colony 1 C various castes, colony 2 D exposed galleries of live tree from where colony 2 was removed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |