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<document id="582C44296F0BE261876EB4CD82324256" ID-DOI="10.12651/JSR.2012.1.2.133" ID-ISSN="2713-8615" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13144524" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1722437511932" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Blakemore, Robert J." docDate="2012" docId="0D1D878EFFE4FFD2FCBBF9BBFC47A5CF" docLanguage="en" docName="JSpeciesRes.1.2.133-150.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Species Research 1 (2)" docSource="http://koreascience.or.kr/journal/view.jsp?kj=JOSRB5&amp;py=2012&amp;vnc=v1n2&amp;sp=133" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4D398BFF45FF8CA9E08F546BB06AE372.2:JSpeciesRes.2012-.journal_article" docStyleId="4D398BFF45FF8CA9E08F546BB06AE372" docStyleName="JSpeciesRes.2012-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Metaphire ryunome Blakemore, 2012, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="147" masterDocId="F124FFF6FFE8FFDCFF8DFFD4FF8DA613" masterDocTitle="New earthworm species from NIBRs Jeju-do biosphere compared to historical and new Japanese types (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea: Megascolecidae)" masterLastPageNumber="150" masterPageNumber="133" pageNumber="145" updateTime="1722437968119" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="33A44F6CB6C6A35B470C7A2225372092">New earthworm species from NIBRs Jeju-do biosphere compared to historical and new Japanese types (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea: Megascolecidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="4633934F7C2CD70CB1DFCE2D3F2F64A9" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="B27EB739A39DCF729BF97C73702246BE">Blakemore, Robert J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="227F90821CD1A0D9564EFF7D2C9F25A2">Journal of Species Research</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E9C0C0B9FB8007F91947A70A3A6827BC">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B605DAAB7E2F72FAAC696BED19A117E0">2012-08-30</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="AAC14B791FC743CEECF0DC9789A7926F" type="DOI">10.12651/JSR.2012.1.2.133</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="595C70B09829AAE528C1D5227CB46669" type="ISSN">2713-8615</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="00B59C11B750385CC3018287A1D73998" type="Zenodo-Dep">13144524</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0D1D878EFFE4FFD2FCBBF9BBFC47A5CF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0D1D878EFFE4FFD2FCBBF9BBFC47A5CF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0D1D878EFFE4FFD2FCBBF9BBFC47A5CF" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="147" pageId="12" pageNumber="145">
<subSubSection id="CDAE6513FFE4FFD0FCBBF9BBFC11A0B4" pageId="12" pageNumber="145" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="850B3698FFE4FFD0FCBBF9BBFBE3A094" blockId="12.[822,1134,1647,1703]" box="[822,1134,1647,1671]" pageId="12" pageNumber="145">
<heading id="DE4381F4FFE4FFD0FCBBF9BBFBE3A094" bold="true" box="[822,1134,1647,1671]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="145" reason="4">
<emphasis id="B7C0EA8AFFE4FFD0FCBBF9BBFBE3A094" bold="true" box="[822,1134,1647,1671]" pageId="12" pageNumber="145">
<taxonomicName id="42B44D1BFFE4FFD0FCBBF9BBFB9CA094" ID-CoL="CG33N" authorityName="Blakemore" authorityYear="2012" box="[822,1041,1647,1671]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="12" pageNumber="145" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ryunome" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B7C0EA8AFFE4FFD0FCBBF9BBFB9CA094" bold="true" box="[822,1041,1647,1671]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="145">Metaphire ryunome</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ACF357F1FFE4FFD0FB9AF9BBFBE3A094" box="[1047,1134,1647,1671]" pageId="12" pageNumber="145" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="850B3698FFE4FFD0FCBBF95BFC11A0B4" blockId="12.[822,1134,1647,1703]" box="[822,924,1679,1703]" pageId="12" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis id="B7C0EA8AFFE4FFD0FCBBF95BFC11A0B4" bold="true" box="[822,924,1679,1703]" pageId="12" pageNumber="145">[Fig. 10.]</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CDAE6513FFE4FFD0FCBBF904FAB4A19B" pageId="12" pageNumber="145" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="850B3698FFE4FFD0FCBBF904FAB4A19B" blockId="12.[822,1427,1744,1992]" pageId="12" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis id="B7C0EA8AFFE4FFD0FCBBF904FB98A0FB" bold="true" box="[822,1045,1744,1768]" pageId="12" pageNumber="145">Material inspected.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="35DC3CC5FFE4FFD0FB93F904FCFDA174" collectingDate="2011-02-02" collectionCode="NMST, RJB" location="Shiga" pageId="12" pageNumber="145" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Shiga" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="5A0F883AFFE4FFD0FB93F904FB0CA0F4" box="[1054,1153,1744,1767]" pageId="12" pageNumber="145" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(H),
<collectionCode id="E3A5AE5DFFE4FFD0FB31F904FA8BA0F4" box="[1212,1286,1744,1767]" pageId="12" pageNumber="145">NMST</collectionCode>
An457, mature posterior amputee specimen fixed and stored in 80% ethanol (EtOH), here dissected and figured (Fig. 10), from Hikone collected
<date id="F10A1058FFE4FFD0FC7AF8E4FBD4A154" box="[1015,1113,1840,1863]" pageId="12" pageNumber="145" value="2011-02-02">
<collectingDate id="E14EE9B0FFE4FFD0FC7AF8E4FBD4A154" box="[1015,1113,1840,1863]" pageId="12" pageNumber="145" value="2011-02-02">2.II.2011</collectingDate>
</date>
by
<collectionCode id="E3A5AE5DFFE4FFD0FB0BF8E4FB39A154" box="[1158,1204,1840,1863]" pageId="12" pageNumber="145">RJB</collectionCode>
and
<collectingRegion id="4770F87AFFE4FFD0FB60F8E4FAA7A154" box="[1261,1322,1840,1863]" country="Japan" name="Shiga" pageId="12" pageNumber="145">Shiga</collectingRegion>
Uni. students
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="35DC3CC5FFE4FFD0FCF7F884FABBA19B" collectionCode="NMST" pageId="12" pageNumber="145" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Shiga" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="5A0F883AFFE4FFD0FCF7F884FC59A174" box="[890,980,1872,1895]" pageId="12" pageNumber="145" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
(P)
<collectionCode id="E3A5AE5DFFE4FFD0FC73F884FBCAA174" box="[1022,1095,1872,1895]" pageId="12" pageNumber="145">NMST</collectionCode>
An458, mature complete specimen with same collection details, in 80% EtOH
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CDAE6513FFE4FFD1FCBBF844FE27A083" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="146" pageId="12" pageNumber="145" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="850B3698FFE4FFD0FCBBF844FC7BA1DB" blockId="12.[822,1427,1744,1992]" pageId="12" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis id="B7C0EA8AFFE4FFD0FCBBF844FC35A1BB" bold="true" box="[822,952,1936,1960]" pageId="12" pageNumber="145">Etymology.</emphasis>
Japanese “dragon eyes”, for the appearance of the male pores.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="850B3698FFE5FFD1FF12FF73FA19A6A8" blockId="13.[159,1428,167,187]" box="[159,1428,167,187]" pageId="13" pageNumber="146">
146 JOURNAL OF SPECIES RESEARCH
<emphasis id="B7C0EA8AFFE5FFD1FAACFF73FA19A6A8" box="[1313,1428,167,187]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="146">Vol. 1, No. 2</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="850B3698FFE5FFD1FC57FE15FB8BA2D7" pageId="13" pageNumber="146">5 10 15 27lhs 20</paragraph>
<paragraph id="850B3698FFE5FFD1FF4CFA83FEF9A378" blockId="13.[193,372,1367,1387]" box="[193,372,1367,1387]" pageId="13" pageNumber="146">
<taxonomicName id="42B44D1BFFE5FFD1FF4CFA83FEF9A378" authorityName="Blakemore" authorityYear="2012" box="[193,372,1367,1387]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="13" pageNumber="146" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ryunome">
<emphasis id="B7C0EA8AFFE5FFD1FF4CFA83FEF9A378" box="[193,372,1367,1387]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="146">Metaphire ryunome</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="850B3698FFE5FFD1FC51FA95FB85A340" blockId="13.[988,1032,1345,1363]" box="[988,1032,1345,1363]" pageId="13" pageNumber="146">
<quantity id="424C9B7DFFE5FFD1FC51FA95FB85A340" box="[988,1032,1345,1363]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="146" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="850B3698FFE5FFD1FF12FA52FE27A083" blockId="13.[159,1429,1414,1461]" lastBlockId="13.[159,765,1528,1969]" pageId="13" pageNumber="146">
<emphasis id="B7C0EA8AFFE5FFD1FF12FA52FF6AA389" bold="true" box="[159,231,1414,1434]" pageId="13" pageNumber="146">Fig. 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="42B44D1BFFE5FFD1FF63FA53FEC1A388" authorityName="Sims &amp; Easton" authorityYear="1972" box="[238,332,1415,1435]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="13" pageNumber="146" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B7C0EA8AFFE5FFD1FF63FA53FEC1A388" box="[238,332,1415,1435]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="146">Metaphire</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
18 lhs male pore of the
<typeStatus id="5A0F883AFFE5FFD1FE8AFA75FED7A3A6" box="[263,346,1441,1461]" pageId="13" pageNumber="146" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
<emphasis id="B7C0EA8AFFE5FFD1FF12FA2CFE9EA003" bold="true" box="[159,275,1528,1552]" pageId="13" pageNumber="146">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Marginally in
<taxonomicName id="42B44D1BFFE5FFD1FE31FA2CFDA6A01C" authorityName="Sims &amp; Easton" authorityYear="1972" box="[444,555,1528,1551]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="13" pageNumber="146" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B7C0EA8AFFE5FFD1FE31FA2CFDA6A01C" box="[444,555,1528,1551]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="146">Metaphire</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with spermathecal pores 0.3 apart in 7/8/9. Genital markings small near or within spermathecal and male pores. Intestinal caeca simple, smooth from 27. Spermathecal diverticula elongate. Dorsal pores from 10/11.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CDAE6513FFE5FFD1FF12F94DFD79A0E3" pageId="13" pageNumber="146" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="850B3698FFE5FFD1FF12F94DFD79A0E3" blockId="13.[159,765,1528,1969]" pageId="13" pageNumber="146">
<emphasis id="B7C0EA8AFFE5FFD1FF12F94DFEB5A0A2" bold="true" box="[159,312,1689,1713]" pageId="13" pageNumber="146">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="FDA37608FFE5FFD1FECFF94DFE09A0A3" box="[322,388,1689,1712]" name="Japan" pageId="13" pageNumber="146">Japan</collectingCountry>
, Shiga-ken, Hikone (ca. 35̊16N 136̊16E), Kaideima-cho, from aze (dividing pathway) adjacently to rice paddy plots used by
<collectingRegion id="4770F87AFFE5FFD1FDB5F90DFDF8A0E3" box="[568,629,1753,1776]" country="Japan" name="Shiga" pageId="13" pageNumber="146">Shiga</collectingRegion>
University.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CDAE6513FFE5FFD2FF12F92DFEF1A06D" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="147" pageId="13" pageNumber="146" type="description">
<paragraph id="850B3698FFE5FFD1FF12F92DFCFAA083" blockId="13.[159,765,1528,1969]" lastBlockId="13.[824,1430,1528,1970]" pageId="13" pageNumber="146">
<emphasis id="B7C0EA8AFFE5FFD1FF12F92DFEA0A102" bold="true" box="[159,301,1785,1809]" pageId="13" pageNumber="146">Description.</emphasis>
Length 30+mm (H) and
<quantity id="424C9B7DFFE5FFD1FDDCF92DFD11A103" box="[593,668,1785,1808]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="146" unit="mm" value="45.0">45 mm</quantity>
with 70 segments (P). Dorsum a faint brown colour with no mid-dorsal line, clitellum darker and ventrum pale. Dorsal pores from 10/11. Setae ca. 60 per segment. Spermathecal pores ca. 0.3 circumference apart in 7/8/9. Genital markings as small discs just posterior to spermathecal pores in papillae internal to eye-like secondary male pores on 18 just medi- an to primary male pore within small hollow construed as strictly non-superficial thereby just qualifying for
<taxonomicName id="42B44D1BFFE5FFD1FADBF98DFCFDA083" authorityName="Sims &amp; Easton" authorityYear="1972" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="13" pageNumber="146" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B7C0EA8AFFE5FFD1FADBF98DFCFDA083" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="146">Metaphire</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="850B3698FFE5FFD1FCC2F94DFA18A1A2" blockId="13.[824,1430,1528,1970]" pageId="13" pageNumber="146">Internally, small stalked glands correspond to the external genital markings. Peptonephridia to 5/6, septa after this thin, 8/9 present (at least ventrally) going to base of gizzard, 9/10 absent, 10/11/12 slightly thickened. Nephridia meroic forests. Spermathecae in 8 and 9 each having spherical ampulla on short duct with elongate diverticulum (inseminated). Dorsal vessel single; hearts in 10-13. Holandric, testis in sacs in 10 &amp; 11; seminal vesicles anteriorly in 11 &amp; 12. Ovaries fan-shaped with funnels in</paragraph>
<paragraph id="850B3698FFE6FFD2FF10FED6FDE9A76A" blockId="14.[157,762,258,1984]" pageId="14" pageNumber="147">13; no ovisacs in 14. Prostate racemose on long muscular ducts. Oesophagus not dilated; intestinal origin in 16 with simple, smooth caeca from 27. Typhlosole and gut contents not recorded. Parasites not found.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="850B3698FFE6FFD2FF10FE56FD86A789" blockId="14.[157,762,258,1984]" box="[157,523,385,410]" pageId="14" pageNumber="147">
<emphasis id="B7C0EA8AFFE6FFD2FF10FE56FD86A789" bold="true" box="[157,523,385,410]" pageId="14" pageNumber="147">mtDNA COI-5P Barcode result:</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="850B3698FFE6FFD2FF10FE76FD3CA7AA" blockId="14.[157,762,258,1984]" box="[157,689,418,442]" pageId="14" pageNumber="147">
Hikone
<taxonomicName id="42B44D1BFFE6FFD2FF7FFE77FE48A7A9" authorityName="Blakemore" authorityYear="2012" box="[242,453,419,442]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="14" pageNumber="147" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ryunome">
<emphasis id="B7C0EA8AFFE6FFD2FF7FFE77FE48A7A9" box="[242,453,419,442]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="147">Metaphire ryunome</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="5A0F883AFFE6FFD2FE41FE76FDA2A7AA" box="[460,559,418,441]" pageId="14" pageNumber="147" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(H) An457.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="850B3698FFE6FFD2FF10FE16FF71A449" blockId="14.[157,762,258,1984]" pageId="14" pageNumber="147">
<materialsCitation id="35DC3CC5FFE6FFD2FF10FE16FF35A449" collectionCode="BOLD" pageId="14" pageNumber="147" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectionCode id="E3A5AE5DFFE6FFD2FF10FE16FF69A7CA" box="[157,228,450,473]" pageId="14" pageNumber="147">BOLD</collectionCode>
Systems (www.boldsystems.org/) data for
<typeStatus id="5A0F883AFFE6FFD2FD12FE16FD77A7CA" box="[671,762,450,473]" pageId="14" pageNumber="147" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
tagged An457.1 (compared to sub-samples An457.2 and to
<typeStatus id="5A0F883AFFE6FFD2FF34FDD7FE98A409" box="[185,277,515,538]" pageId="14" pageNumber="147" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(P) An458.1 and An458.2 all initially tagged as “
<taxonomicName id="42B44D1BFFE6FFD2FF4BFDF7FE14A429" box="[198,409,547,570]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="14" pageNumber="147" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="robustus">
<emphasis id="B7C0EA8AFFE6FFD2FF4BFDF7FE14A429" box="[198,409,547,570]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="147">Metaphire robustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” from preliminary identification by
</materialsCitation>
RJB).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="850B3698FFE6FFD2FF10FDB7FDA7A2EE" blockId="14.[157,762,258,1984]" box="[157,762,611,1277]" pageId="14" pageNumber="147">AACTCTATACTTTATTTTAGGAATTTGAGCCGG AATAATCGGAGCTGGGATAAGCCTACTTATCCG CATTGAACTAAGTCAACCGGGGTCTTTCCTTGG AAGAGACCAGTTATATAATACGATTGTAACAGC ACATGCATTCCTCATAATTTTCTTCTTAGTAATA CCAGTATTTATTGGGGGGTTCGGAAACTGGTTG CTACCACTAATACTAGGAACACCAGATATAGCA TTCCCCCGACTAAATAACATAAGATTTTGACTA CTCCCCCCTTCCCTAATTCTCCTAGTGAGATCAG CTGCCGTAGAAAAAGGAGCAGGTACAGGTTGA ACAGTATACCCACCCCTAGCAAGAAATATAGC ACATGCGGGCCCCTCAGTAGATCTTGCAATCTT CTCACTACATTTAGCAGGTGCCTCGTCAATTTT AGGAGCTATTAATTTTATTACCACAGTGATCAA TATACGATGGTCAGGACTACGACTAGAACGAA TTCCATTATTTGTTTGAGCAGTAATAATTACTGT AGTACTACTACTATTATCACTCCCTGTACTAGC CGGTGCAATTACTATACTACTAACAGACCGAAA TCTTAACACATCCTTCTTTGATCCAGCTGGTGGT GGAGACCCAATTCTATACCAACACTTATTC BLASTn and megaBLAST analyses:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="850B3698FFE6FFD2FF10FAD2FE41A32E" blockId="14.[157,762,258,1984]" pageId="14" pageNumber="147">An457.1 vs. An457.2 vs. An458.1 vs. An458.2=100%, i.e. specimens same species.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="850B3698FFE6FFD2FF10FA92FF43A38E" blockId="14.[157,762,258,1984]" pageId="14" pageNumber="147">
Sequence identity of An457.1 with
<taxonomicName id="42B44D1BFFE6FFD2FD97FA92FD48A34E" authorityName="Blakemore" authorityYear="2012" box="[538,709,1350,1373]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="14" pageNumber="147" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tralfamadore">
<emphasis id="B7C0EA8AFFE6FFD2FD97FA92FD48A34E" box="[538,709,1350,1373]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="147">A. tralfamadore</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="5A0F883AFFE6FFD2FD41FA92FD77A34E" box="[716,762,1350,1373]" pageId="14" pageNumber="147">type</typeStatus>
is no better than 85%, meaning they are different species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="850B3698FFE6FFD2FF10FA73FEF1A06D" blockId="14.[157,762,258,1984]" pageId="14" pageNumber="147">
Results of megaBLAST of An457.1 show that it is 99% similar to “
<taxonomicName id="42B44D1BFFE6FFD2FE92FA13FD82A3CD" baseAuthorityName="Chen" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[287,527,1479,1502]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="14" pageNumber="147" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="incongruus">
<emphasis id="B7C0EA8AFFE6FFD2FE92FA13FD82A3CD" box="[287,527,1479,1502]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="147">Amynthas incongruus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” voucher EF077552 from
<collectingCountry id="FDA37608FFE6FFD2FF57FA33FE90A3ED" box="[218,285,1511,1534]" name="China" pageId="14" pageNumber="147">China</collectingCountry>
; and is just 85% identified with “
<taxonomicName id="42B44D1BFFE6FFD2FD1DFA33FE8EA00D" baseAuthorityName="Chen" baseAuthorityYear="1946" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="14" pageNumber="147" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tristriatus">
<emphasis id="B7C0EA8AFFE6FFD2FD1DFA33FE8EA00D" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="147">Amynthas tristriatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” voucher EF077538 from
<collectingCountry id="FDA37608FFE6FFD2FDAFF9D3FDEEA00D" box="[546,611,1543,1566]" name="China" pageId="14" pageNumber="147">China</collectingCountry>
, or with “
<taxonomicName id="42B44D1BFFE6FFD2FD43F9D3FEC1A02D" baseAuthorityName="Perrier" baseAuthorityYear="1872" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="14" pageNumber="147" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="robustus">
<emphasis id="B7C0EA8AFFE6FFD2FD43F9D3FEC1A02D" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="147">Amynthas robustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” vouchers DQ224191 and AB542533 from
<collectingCountry id="FDA37608FFE6FFD2FF57F993FEA7A04D" box="[218,298,1607,1630]" name="Taiwan" pageId="14" pageNumber="147">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="FDA37608FFE6FFD2FEE9F993FE2EA04D" box="[356,419,1607,1630]" name="Japan" pageId="14" pageNumber="147">Japan</collectingCountry>
, respectively (i.e., similar to
<taxonomicName id="42B44D1BFFE6FFD2FD6EF993FEA7A06C" authorityName="Blakemore" authorityYear="2012" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="14" pageNumber="147" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tralfamadore">
<emphasis id="B7C0EA8AFFE6FFD2FD6EF993FEA7A06C" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="147">A. tralfamadore</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
result).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CDAE6513FFE6FFD2FF10F953FC47A5CF" pageId="14" pageNumber="147" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="850B3698FFE6FFD2FF10F953FB92A74A" blockId="14.[157,762,258,1984]" lastBlockId="14.[822,1429,258,988]" pageId="14" pageNumber="147">
<emphasis id="B7C0EA8AFFE6FFD2FF10F953FE86A08C" bold="true" box="[157,267,1671,1695]" pageId="14" pageNumber="147">Remarks.</emphasis>
Although coming closest to the restricted definitions of either
<taxonomicName id="42B44D1BFFE6FFD2FEDEF97CFE69A0AC" box="[339,484,1704,1727]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Pheretima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="14" pageNumber="147" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="masatakae">
<emphasis id="B7C0EA8AFFE6FFD2FEDEF97CFE69A0AC" box="[339,484,1704,1727]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="147">A. masatakae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="42B44D1BFFE6FFD2FD87F97CFD08A0AC" baseAuthorityName="Perrier" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[522,645,1704,1727]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="14" pageNumber="147" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="robustus">
<emphasis id="B7C0EA8AFFE6FFD2FD87F97CFD08A0AC" box="[522,645,1704,1727]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="147">A. robustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1D8F2A1DFFE6FFD2FD1CF97CFD51A0AC" box="[657,732,1704,1727]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[157,190,1185,1205]" captionTargetBox="[158,1389,259,1158]" captionTargetId="figure-415@2.[160,1522,244,1230]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Amynthas masatakae lectotype (912), dorsal view of prostomium, ventral view of body with spermathecae and prostatic ducts in situ, intestinal caeca and an enlargement of 9 lhs spermatheca from a separate vial [boxed are X2 details of spermathecal pore 7/8 lhs and male pore 18 lhs of paralectotype (913)] -lhs; Nogeyama specimen [boxed X2 enlargement of its pores in 7/8/9 lhs] - rhs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13144528" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13144528/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="147">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
&amp; 2) the most noticeable differences are lack of markings either mid-ventrally in 18 or paired near spermathecal and/or male pores, respectively. On the basis of the morphology differing from the
<typeStatus id="5A0F883AFFE6FFD2FE30F8FCFE78A12C" box="[445,501,1832,1855]" pageId="14" pageNumber="147">types</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="42B44D1BFFE6FFD2FD95F8FCFD1DA12C" baseAuthorityName="Perrier" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[536,656,1832,1855]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="14" pageNumber="147" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="robustus">
<emphasis id="B7C0EA8AFFE6FFD2FD95F8FCFD1DA12C" box="[536,656,1832,1855]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="147">A. robustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="42B44D1BFFE6FFD2FD3EF8FCFF62A173" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Pheretima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="14" pageNumber="147" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="masatakae">
<emphasis id="B7C0EA8AFFE6FFD2FD3EF8FCFF62A173" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="147">A. masatakae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and because the mtDNA COI barcodes differ from what workers in
<collectingCountry id="FDA37608FFE6FFD2FE00F8BCFE47A16C" box="[397,458,1896,1919]" name="Japan" pageId="14" pageNumber="147">Japan</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="FDA37608FFE6FFD2FE72F8BCFDC2A16C" box="[511,591,1896,1919]" name="Taiwan" pageId="14" pageNumber="147">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
label as “
<taxonomicName id="42B44D1BFFE6FFD2FD36F8BDFF68A1B3" baseAuthorityName="Perrier" baseAuthorityYear="1872" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="14" pageNumber="147" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="robustus">
<emphasis id="B7C0EA8AFFE6FFD2FD36F8BDFF68A1B3" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="147">A. robustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” (including
<taxonomicName id="42B44D1BFFE6FFD2FEFBF85DFE63A1B3" box="[374,494,1929,1952]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Pheretima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="14" pageNumber="147" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="masatakae">
<emphasis id="B7C0EA8AFFE6FFD2FEFBF85DFE63A1B3" box="[374,494,1929,1952]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="147">masatakae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
?), these Hikone specimens are thus newly named. However, it is entirely possible that the COI vouchers from
<collectingCountry id="FDA37608FFE6FFD2FB06FED6FB45A70A" box="[1163,1224,258,281]" name="Japan" pageId="14" pageNumber="147">Japan</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="FDA37608FFE6FFD2FB71FED6FAC1A70A" box="[1276,1356,258,281]" name="Taiwan" pageId="14" pageNumber="147">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
represent some other valid or invalid synonyms of
<taxonomicName id="42B44D1BFFE6FFD2FAA2FEF6FCD8A74A" baseAuthorityName="Perrier" baseAuthorityYear="1872" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="14" pageNumber="147" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="robustus">
<emphasis id="B7C0EA8AFFE6FFD2FAA2FEF6FCD8A74A" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="147">A. robustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as restored herein.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="850B3698FFE6FFD2FCC0FEB6FBF6A4C9" blockId="14.[822,1429,258,988]" pageId="14" pageNumber="147">
<taxonomicName id="42B44D1BFFE6FFD2FCC0FEB6FBADA76A" authorityName="Blakemore" authorityYear="2012" box="[845,1056,354,377]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="14" pageNumber="147" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ryunome">
<emphasis id="B7C0EA8AFFE6FFD2FCC0FEB6FBADA76A" box="[845,1056,354,377]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="147">Metaphire ryunome</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphologically comparable to
<bibRefCitation id="E1254B69FFE6FFD2FCBBFE56FB8BA78A" author="Kobayashi, S." box="[822,1030,386,409]" pageId="14" pageNumber="147" pagination="333 - 351" refId="ref13099" refString="Kobayashi, S. 1937. Preliminary survey of the earthworms of Quelpart Island. Science Report of the Tohoku Imperial University (B) 11 (3): 333 - 351." type="journal article" year="1937">Kobayashis (1937)</bibRefCitation>
Korean
<taxonomicName id="42B44D1BFFE6FFD2FBEFFE56FB6DA78A" box="[1122,1248,386,409]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Pheretima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="14" pageNumber="147" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="masatakae">
<emphasis id="B7C0EA8AFFE6FFD2FBE3FE56FB6DA78A" box="[1134,1248,386,409]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="147">masatakae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” and to
<taxonomicName id="42B44D1BFFE6FFD2FAB6FE56FB47A7AA" authority="Kobayashi, 1938: 139" authorityName="Kobayashi" authorityPageNumber="139" authorityYear="1938" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Pheretima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="14" pageNumber="147" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="reisuiensis">
<emphasis id="B7C0EA8AFFE6FFD2FAB6FE56FC5FA7A9" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="147">Pheretima reisuiensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E1254B69FFE6FFD2FC56FE76FB47A7AA" author="Kobayashi, S." box="[987,1226,418,441]" pageId="14" pageNumber="147" pagination="89 - 170" refId="ref13133" refString="Kobayashi, S. 1938. Earthworms of Korea I. The Science Reports of the Tohoku Imperial University, Fourth Series (Biology) 13 (2): 89 - 170." type="journal article" year="1938">Kobayashi, 1938: 139</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from “Zenra-nandô” (=South Cholla) that too has spermathecal pores in 7/8/9; however, its anterior markings are more median in intersegmental furrows, amongst many other differences such as its dorsal pores from 11/12 and setae numbering 25-60.
<bibRefCitation id="E1254B69FFE6FFD2FC08FD97FBCEA449" author="Kobayashi, S." box="[901,1091,579,602]" pageId="14" pageNumber="147" pagination="89 - 170" refId="ref13133" refString="Kobayashi, S. 1938. Earthworms of Korea I. The Science Reports of the Tohoku Imperial University, Fourth Series (Biology) 13 (2): 89 - 170." type="journal article" year="1938">Kobayashi (1938)</bibRefCitation>
figures and describes “
<emphasis id="B7C0EA8AFFE6FFD2FAC7FD97FA0AA469" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="147">Secondary male pore represented as a large eye-like aperture</emphasis>
” within which the primary male porophore is found. On the basis of this, it qualifies for genus
<taxonomicName id="42B44D1BFFE6FFD2FB4BFD70FABEA4A8" authorityName="Sims &amp; Easton" authorityYear="1972" box="[1222,1331,676,699]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="14" pageNumber="147" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B7C0EA8AFFE6FFD2FB4BFD70FABEA4A8" box="[1222,1331,676,699]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="147">Metaphire</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in a new combination as
<taxonomicName id="42B44D1BFFE6FFD2FC52FD10FBF9A4C8" authorityName="Kobayashi" authorityYear="1938" box="[991,1140,708,731]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Pheretima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="14" pageNumber="147" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="reisuiensis">
<emphasis id="B7C0EA8AFFE6FFD2FC52FD10FBF9A4C8" box="[991,1140,708,731]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="147">M. reisuiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="850B3698FFE6FFD2FCC0FD30FC47A5CF" blockId="14.[822,1429,258,988]" pageId="14" pageNumber="147">
Possibly both species are transitional from
<taxonomicName id="42B44D1BFFE6FFD2FAA7FD30FC46A508" authority="Kinberg, 1867" authorityName="Kinberg" authorityYear="1867" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="14" pageNumber="147" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B7C0EA8AFFE6FFD2FAA7FD30FA1EA4E8" box="[1322,1427,740,763]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="147">Amynthas</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E1254B69FFE6FFD2FCBBFCD0FC46A508" author="Kinberg, J. G. H." box="[822,971,772,795]" pageId="14" pageNumber="147" pagination="97 - 103" refId="ref13069" refString="Kinberg, J. G. H. 1867. Annulata nova. Ofersigt af Kongl. Vetenskaos-Akademiens Forhandlingar, Stockholm 23 (4): 97 - 103." type="journal article" year="1867">Kinberg, 1867</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName id="42B44D1BFFE6FFD2FC61FCD0FAB1A508" authority="Sims &amp; Easton, 1972" authorityName="Sims &amp; Easton" authorityYear="1972" box="[1004,1340,772,795]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="14" pageNumber="147" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B7C0EA8AFFE6FFD2FC61FCD0FBD5A508" box="[1004,1112,772,795]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="147">Metaphire</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E1254B69FFE6FFD2FBD3FCD0FAB1A508" author="Sims, R. W. &amp; E. G. Easton" box="[1118,1340,772,795]" pageId="14" pageNumber="147" pagination="169 - 268" refId="ref13441" refString="Sims, R. W. and E. G. Easton. 1972. A numerical revision of the earthworm genus Pheretima auct. (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) with the recognition of new genera and an appendix on the earthworms collected by the Royal Society North Borneo Expedition. Biological Journal of the Linnaean Society 4: 169 - 268." type="journal article" year="1972">Sims &amp; Easton, 1972</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, the former having superficial male pores and often complex genital markings, the latter having non-superficial male pores often with intromittent organs in “copulatory pouches” of various depths thus having less need of genital markings to adhere, attach and help co-locate superficial pores of concopulants.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>