treatments-xml/data/03/F7/DE/03F7DE69B05AFFFDFEF6FC47FCDE81A3.xml

<document id="CC0954587F5C0CE1B2833E5A8D2DB5D0" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.170186" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d91ae7dd-a600-4f24-a890-7201060d61b6" ID-ISSN="1175­5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="170186" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459751486132" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Davids, Kees, Sabatino, Antonio Di, Gerecke, Reinhard, Gledhill, Terence &amp; Smit, Harry" docDate="2005" docId="03F7DE69B05AFFFDFEF6FC47FCDE81A3" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01061p064.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1061" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Limnochares azubi Gerecke, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="57" masterDocId="FFCEA611B04BFFEAFFFEFFABFFDF8075" masterDocTitle="On the taxonomy of water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia) described from the Palaearctic, part 1: Hydrachnidae, Limnocharidae and Eylaidae" masterLastPageNumber="64" masterPageNumber="36" pageNumber="52" updateTime="1698211877776" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="E5FEC4892129F26027AA88BBFC655F70">On the taxonomy of water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia) described from the Palaearctic, part 1: Hydrachnidae, Limnocharidae and Eylaidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="458A987771ABFF182EC7D179EF6F4D09">Sabatino, Antonio Di</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="32317AC6AD64F6DDCF06D5E44418F3CE">Gerecke, Reinhard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8B034AF47BBC9651D9907A218381BBE9">Gledhill, Terence</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A5245EB7C12057061BB31F36E86B9B62">Smit, Harry</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03F7DE69B05AFFFDFEF6FC47FCDE81A3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6267662" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119337815" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6267662" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F7DE69B05AFFFDFEF6FC47FCDE81A3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F7DE69B05AFFFDFEF6FC47FCDE81A3" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">
<subSubSection id="C3443CF4B05AFFFBFEF6FC47FCC3843D" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE16F7FB05AFFFBFEF6FC47FD148473" blockId="17.[264,715,1004,1030]" box="[264,715,1004,1030]" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">
<heading id="D0A9D813B05AFFFBFEF6FC47FD148473" bold="true" box="[264,715,1004,1030]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B92AB36DB05AFFFBFEF6FC47FD148473" bold="true" box="[264,715,1004,1030]" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName id="4C5E14FCB05AFFFBFEF6FC47FDBF8473" authority="Gerecke" authorityName="Gerecke" box="[264,608,1004,1030]" class="Arachnida" family="Limnocharidae" genus="Limnochares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azubi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92AB36DB05AFFFBFEF6FC47FE2F8473" bold="true" box="[264,496,1004,1030]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">Limnochares azubi</emphasis>
Gerecke
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2190E16B05AFFFBFD90FC47FD148473" box="[622,715,1004,1030]" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="4C5E14FCB05AFFFBFEF6FB99FE29843C" box="[264,502,1074,1097]" class="Arachnida" family="Limnocharidae" genus="Limnochares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquatica">
<emphasis id="B92AB36DB05AFFFBFEF6FB99FE29843C" box="[264,502,1074,1097]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">Limnochares aquatica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (err., 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF128EB05AFFFBFDAAFB9AFCCB843D" author="Crema" box="[596,788,1073,1097]" pageId="17" pageNumber="62" refString="Crema, S.; Ferrarese, U.; Golo, D.; Modena, P.; Sambugar, B. &amp; Gerecke, R. (1996) Ricerche sulla fauna bentonica ed interstiziale di ambienti sorgentizi in area alpina e prealpina. Report del Centro di Ecologia Alpina, 8, 1 - 104." type="journal article" year="1996">
Crema 
<emphasis id="B92AB36DB05AFFFBFD5FFB99FD0F843C" box="[673,720,1074,1097]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">et al</emphasis>
. 1996
</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3443CF4B05AFFFDFEF6FBDCFCDE81A3" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE16F7FB05AFFFBFEF6FBDCFCEC85F4" blockId="17.[264,1323,1143,1889]" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">
<typeStatus id="54E5D1DDB05AFFFBFEF6FBDCFE9D84E4" box="[264,322,1143,1169]" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">Type</typeStatus>
series: 
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male, 
<collectionCode id="ED4FF7BAB05AFFFBFDA5FBDCFD4984E4" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" box="[603,662,1143,1169]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">SMF</collectionCode>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F3492FEFB05AFFFBFD5DFBDCFD2984E4" box="[675,758,1143,1169]" name="France" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">France</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F3492FEFB05AFFFBFCFDFBDCFC8084E4" box="[771,863,1143,1169]" name="France" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">Corsica</collectingCountry>
, F 79 (2B) Ota, Rau. de Furtolaccia in Gorges de Spelunca, 
<quantity id="4CA6C29AB05AFFFBFDF6FB34FD8784CC" box="[520,600,1183,1209]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="250.0">250 m</quantity>
, 0 2.06.1993, leg. Gerecke; 
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: 
<collectionCode id="ED4FF7BAB05AFFFBFBD8FB34FBBE84CC" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" box="[1062,1121,1183,1209]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">SMF</collectionCode>
, same collecting site and date, 3/4/0 slide mounted, 2/6/0 undissected in Koenikes fluid; coll. Gerecke, Tübingen: F 67 
<collectingCountry id="F3492FEFB05AFFFBFE2FFB44FDCA857C" box="[465,533,1263,1289]" name="France" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">Corse</collectingCountry>
(2B) Calacuccia (Calvi), Fango, Rau. de Bocca Bianca, 
<quantity id="4CA6C29AB05AFFFBFB2AFB44FAF9857C" box="[1236,1318,1263,1289]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="360.0">360 m</quantity>
, 08°50E,42°23N, 
<date id="FFE049BFB05AFFFBFE2BFABCFD868544" box="[469,601,1303,1329]" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" value="1989-05-15">15.05.1989</date>
Schwoerbel 
<emphasis id="B92AB36DB05AFFFBFD04FABCFCEE8545" box="[762,817,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">et al</emphasis>
. 0/1/0 slide­mounted; F 81 
<collectingCountry id="F3492FEFB05AFFFBFB77FABCFB128544" box="[1161,1229,1303,1329]" name="France" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">Corse</collectingCountry>
(2B) E visa, Rau. d'Aitone upstream Gorges de Spelunca, 
<quantity id="4CA6C29AB05AFFFBFCA7FA94FC78852C" box="[857,935,1343,1369]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</quantity>
, 0 2.06.1993 Gerecke 1/1/0 slidemounted, 5/19/0 undissected in Koenikes fluid.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE16F7FB05AFFFBFEC6FA24FE6B8604" blockId="17.[264,1323,1143,1889]" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">
Further material examined: 
<collectingCountry id="F3492FEFB05AFFFBFD76FA24FD6085DC" box="[648,703,1423,1449]" name="Italy" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">Italy</collectingCountry>
, Mo 1 B/7­93 Trentino­Alto Adige (TN) Monzoni, Pozza di Fassa, Ponte della Fessura, 
<quantity id="4CA6C29AB05AFFFBFD3DFA1CFCFE85A4" box="[707,801,1463,1489]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.66" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="1660.0">1660 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFE049BFB05AFFFBFCD1FA1CFC6C85A4" box="[815,947,1463,1489]" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" value="1993-10-07">10.07.1993</date>
leg. SAR 0/1/0 (&quot; 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E14FCB05AFFFBFB71FA1CFAC885A5" box="[1167,1303,1463,1488]" class="Arachnida" family="Limnocharidae" genus="Limnochares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquatica">
<emphasis id="B92AB36DB05AFFFBFB71FA1CFAC885A5" box="[1167,1303,1463,1488]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">L. aquatica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot;, err., 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF128EB05AFFFBFEC3FA74FDCB858C" author="Crema" box="[317,532,1503,1529]" pageId="17" pageNumber="62" refString="Crema, S.; Ferrarese, U.; Golo, D.; Modena, P.; Sambugar, B. &amp; Gerecke, R. (1996) Ricerche sulla fauna bentonica ed interstiziale di ambienti sorgentizi in area alpina e prealpina. Report del Centro di Ecologia Alpina, 8, 1 - 104." type="journal article" year="1996">
Crema 
<emphasis id="B92AB36DB05AFFFBFE6DFA74FE19858D" box="[403,454,1503,1528]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">et al</emphasis>
. 1996
</bibRefCitation>
); 
<collectingCountry id="F3492FEFB05AFFFBFDD7FA74FDB1858C" box="[553,622,1503,1529]" name="Spain" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">Spain</collectingCountry>
, E 111 Andalusia (CA) Alcornocales, Rio de Los Palmones E Casas Castaño, 
<quantity id="4CA6C29AB05AFFFBFE1BF9ACFDE88654" box="[485,567,1543,1569]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
, TF 67 21, 
<date id="FFE049BFB05AFFFBFD32F9ACFC8F8654" box="[716,848,1543,1569]" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" value="1994-03-28">28.03.1994</date>
Gerecke, 0/1/0; 
<collectingCountry id="F3492FEFB05AFFFBFBE1F9ACFB538654" box="[1055,1164,1543,1569]" name="Morocco" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">Morocco</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="FFE049BFB05AFFFBFB65F9ACFB398654" box="[1179,1254,1543,1569]" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">Mar 3</date>
a, 4b, Djebel Tazzeka, E Bab Ferrich, two springs, 34º03'29N, 4º10'54W, 
<quantity id="4CA6C29AB05AFFFBFBCDF984FB4E863C" box="[1075,1169,1583,1609]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="1300.0">1300 m</quantity>
, 0 4.04.1998, Gerecke 5/5/2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE16F7FB05AFFF8FEC6F9D4FBB7812B" blockId="17.[264,1323,1143,1889]" lastBlockId="18.[264,1325,284,1870]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">
Diagnosis: Idiosoma L 900–1600, dorsum bearing sclerites (
<figureCitation id="136573FAB05AFFFBFBFCF9D4FB9286EC" box="[1026,1101,1663,1689]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="19.[264,368,1728,1752]" captionTargetBox="[292,1295,935,1687]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[279,1309,930,1704]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 1. Limnochares azubi Gerecke sp. nov., paratype female. A dorsal view, idiosoma and gnathosoma (Details: glandularium seta in top, cup­shaped organ at the bottom); B frontal shield; C anterior coxae; D posterior coxae and genital field. Bars = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170187/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">Figs 1</figureCitation>
A, 2 A) at least in the anterior part, two pairs, rod­shaped, and in the posterior part one pair rod­shaped, one pair knob­shaped and one unpaired, roundish, enlarged); frontal shield (
<figureCitation id="136573FAB05AFFFBFBB2F964FB4E869C" box="[1100,1169,1743,1769]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="19.[264,368,1728,1752]" captionTargetBox="[292,1295,935,1687]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[279,1309,930,1704]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 1. Limnochares azubi Gerecke sp. nov., paratype female. A dorsal view, idiosoma and gnathosoma (Details: glandularium seta in top, cup­shaped organ at the bottom); B frontal shield; C anterior coxae; D posterior coxae and genital field. Bars = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170187/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
B) short and robust (L/H ratio 1.6–2.4); Cx­1+2 (
<figureCitation id="136573FAB05AFFFBFD41F95CFCD88764" box="[703,775,1783,1809]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="19.[264,368,1728,1752]" captionTargetBox="[292,1295,935,1687]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[279,1309,930,1704]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 1. Limnochares azubi Gerecke sp. nov., paratype female. A dorsal view, idiosoma and gnathosoma (Details: glandularium seta in top, cup­shaped organ at the bottom); B frontal shield; C anterior coxae; D posterior coxae and genital field. Bars = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170187/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
C) slender (L/ 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6A09B8B05AFFFBFC45F95CFBD88764" box="[955,1031,1783,1809]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" precision="5555" value="-1.7">W 1.7</geoCoordinate>
–2.1), anterolateral edge with a digitiform, densely setose extension, coxal setae short; genital field (
<figureCitation id="136573FAB05AFFFBFB81F8B4FB1A874C" box="[1151,1221,1823,1849]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="19.[264,368,1728,1752]" captionTargetBox="[292,1295,935,1687]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[279,1309,930,1704]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 1. Limnochares azubi Gerecke sp. nov., paratype female. A dorsal view, idiosoma and gnathosoma (Details: glandularium seta in top, cup­shaped organ at the bottom); B frontal shield; C anterior coxae; D posterior coxae and genital field. Bars = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170187/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
D) with 15–80, generally &lt;50 pairs of acetabula; genital setae in both sexes not arranged in groups; excretory pore generally smooth; palp (
<figureCitation id="136573FAB059FFF8FCCAFEB7FCA58143" box="[820,890,284,310]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A – F" captionStartId="20.[264,368,1765,1789]" captionTargetBox="[296,1290,336,1737]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[296,1292,329,1738]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 2. A – F Limnochares azubi Gerecke sp. nov. A, B &quot; hypertrophic &quot; female from Morocco; A dorsum; B genital field and excretory pore; C – E paratype male; C gnathosoma lateral view, D chelicera, E palp; F paratype male palp. G Limnochares danielei Gerecke &amp; Smit sp. nov., female palp. Bars = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170188/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
E­F) five­segmented, with relatively short P­4 (L 14–20, L ratio P­2/P­ 
<quantity id="4CA6C29AB059FFF8FD69FEEFFD1B812B" box="[663,708,324,350]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="18" pageNumber="53" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
males 2.0–3.6, in females 3.0–3.6).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE16F7FB059FFF8FEC6FEC7FDBF845B" blockId="18.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">
Description: Both sexes: Integument with dense, large papillae; margins of dorsal sclerites and coxae densely covered by fine tubercles; frontal sclerite, the unpaired posterodorsal sclerite and the coxae finely porose; glandularia (
<figureCitation id="136573FAB059FFF8FBE9FE17FBBD81A3" box="[1047,1122,444,470]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="19.[264,368,1728,1752]" captionTargetBox="[292,1295,935,1687]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[279,1309,930,1704]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 1. Limnochares azubi Gerecke sp. nov., paratype female. A dorsal view, idiosoma and gnathosoma (Details: glandularium seta in top, cup­shaped organ at the bottom); B frontal shield; C anterior coxae; D posterior coxae and genital field. Bars = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170187/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A, in top) cupshaped; frontal sclerite with rounded anterior and posterior margins, its posterior part strongly converging; setae on coxae arranged exclusively along margins and suture lines, on Cx­3/4 more distanced from the sclerite borders than on Cx­1/2; anterolateral corner of Cx­1 forming a well developed digitiform extension with dense setation (
<figureCitation id="136573FAB059FFF8FB85FDF7FB1C8203" box="[1147,1219,604,630]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="19.[264,368,1728,1752]" captionTargetBox="[292,1295,935,1687]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[279,1309,930,1704]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 1. Limnochares azubi Gerecke sp. nov., paratype female. A dorsal view, idiosoma and gnathosoma (Details: glandularium seta in top, cup­shaped organ at the bottom); B frontal shield; C anterior coxae; D posterior coxae and genital field. Bars = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170187/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
C); legs with a highly diversified setation, in particular at the margins of the terminal segments surrounding the claw furrow (including groups of bi­ or tri­furcated setae, see 
<figureCitation id="136573FAB059FFF8FB45FD07FAD982B3" box="[1211,1286,684,710]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. A" captionStartId="21.[264,368,1767,1791]" captionTargetBox="[297,1277,344,1733]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[291,1296,326,1743]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 3. A Limnochares aquatica Linnaeus male (Sardinia), anterior coxae; B – D Limnochares azubi Gerecke sp. nov, paratype male; B gnathosoma, ventral view; C I­L­ 4 ­ 6; D IV­L­ 4 ­ 6. E, F Limnochares danielei Gerecke &amp; Smit sp. nov., female; E anterior coxae, F genital field. Bars = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170189/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">Figs 3</figureCitation>
C, D); claws simple; genital field with a long membranous gonopore flanked by a line of fine setae; anal pore generally membranous (but see discussion), close to the posterior edge of the gonopore; acetabula minute, on vase­shaped stalks, most of them arranged in a line along the medial margin of Cx­3/4, the rest grouped in the area between Cx­4 and the genital setae; gnathosoma elongated, its base in ventral view (
<figureCitation id="136573FAB059FFF8FC29FCDFFBC383FB" box="[983,1052,884,910]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="19.[264,368,1728,1752]" captionTargetBox="[292,1295,935,1687]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[279,1309,930,1704]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 1. Limnochares azubi Gerecke sp. nov., paratype female. A dorsal view, idiosoma and gnathosoma (Details: glandularium seta in top, cup­shaped organ at the bottom); B frontal shield; C anterior coxae; D posterior coxae and genital field. Bars = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170187/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A) with nearly parallel margins, in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="136573FAB059FFF8FDD3FC37FD5083C3" box="[557,655,924,950]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A – F" captionStartId="20.[264,368,1765,1789]" captionTargetBox="[296,1290,336,1737]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[296,1292,329,1738]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 2. A – F Limnochares azubi Gerecke sp. nov. A, B &quot; hypertrophic &quot; female from Morocco; A dorsum; B genital field and excretory pore; C – E paratype male; C gnathosoma lateral view, D chelicera, E palp; F paratype male palp. G Limnochares danielei Gerecke &amp; Smit sp. nov., female palp. Bars = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170188/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">Fig. 2 C</figureCitation>
) with equally convex ventral margin, rostrum large, bent ventrally; chelicerae (
<figureCitation id="136573FAB059FFF8FDF7FC6FFDB183AB" box="[521,622,964,990]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A – F" captionStartId="20.[264,368,1765,1789]" captionTargetBox="[296,1290,336,1737]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[296,1292,329,1738]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 2. A – F Limnochares azubi Gerecke sp. nov. A, B &quot; hypertrophic &quot; female from Morocco; A dorsum; B genital field and excretory pore; C – E paratype male; C gnathosoma lateral view, D chelicera, E palp; F paratype male palp. G Limnochares danielei Gerecke &amp; Smit sp. nov., female palp. Bars = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170188/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">Fig. 2 D</figureCitation>
) long and with minute, but strong claws; palp (
<figureCitation id="136573FAB059FFF8FB58FC6FFB3283AB" box="[1190,1261,964,990]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A – F" captionStartId="20.[264,368,1765,1789]" captionTargetBox="[296,1290,336,1737]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[296,1292,329,1738]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 2. A – F Limnochares azubi Gerecke sp. nov. A, B &quot; hypertrophic &quot; female from Morocco; A dorsum; B genital field and excretory pore; C – E paratype male; C gnathosoma lateral view, D chelicera, E palp; F paratype male palp. G Limnochares danielei Gerecke &amp; Smit sp. nov., female palp. Bars = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170188/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
E­F) five­segmented, with several long, hair­like setae; P­4 subquadrate, P­5 fine and slender, bearing a pair of apical setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE16F7FB059FFF8FEC6FB97FBCE84BB" blockId="18.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">
Males (n = 7): Idiosoma L 1000–1600; frontal sclerite L/W 198–288/100–153; anterodorsal sclerites L 90–126/ 116–166; Cx­1 maximum L/anterior margin W 265–315/ 139–180; Cx­3/4 maximum L/anterior W (excluding the subcutaneous apodemes) 324–440/153–207; leg measurements (L/H) of one 
<typeStatus id="54E5D1DDB059FFF8FC9DFB1FFC1784BB" box="[867,968,1204,1230]" pageId="18" pageNumber="53" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
male:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE16F7FB059FFF8FEC6FB77FCCA8483" blockId="18.[264,1325,284,1870]" box="[312,789,1244,1270]" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">Segment I­L II­L III­L IV­L</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE16F7FB059FFF8FEC6FAAFFCFE856B" blockId="18.[264,1325,284,1870]" box="[312,801,1284,1310]" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">1 43/56 49/61 45/54 40/58</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE16F7FB059FFF8FEC6FA87FCFE8533" blockId="18.[264,1325,284,1870]" box="[312,801,1324,1350]" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">2 61/52 69/49 52/36 83/43</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE16F7FB059FFF8FEC6FAFFFCEF851B" blockId="18.[264,1325,284,1870]" box="[312,816,1364,1390]" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">3 76/49 78/45 78/38 100/38</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE16F7FB059FFF8FEC6FAD7FCEF85E3" blockId="18.[264,1325,284,1870]" box="[312,816,1404,1430]" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">4 78/45 83/40 90/36 121/38</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE16F7FB059FFF8FEC6FA0FFCEF85CB" blockId="18.[264,1325,284,1870]" box="[312,816,1444,1470]" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">5 76/47 83/40 99/38 123/38</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE16F7FB059FFF8FEC6FA67FCEE8593" blockId="18.[264,1325,284,1870]" box="[312,817,1484,1510]" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">6 96/51 110/45 123/36 141/38</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE16F7FB059FFF8FEC6FA5FFC3286A3" blockId="18.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">
Acetabula number 38–78, genital setae (number 14–32) arranged in an irregular line parallel to the gonopore; genital skeleton minute, in shape as described for 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E14FCB059FFF8FB81F9B7FAD98640" box="[1151,1286,1564,1589]" class="Arachnida" family="Limnocharidae" genus="Limnochares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquatica">
<emphasis id="B92AB36DB059FFF8FB81F9B7FAD98640" box="[1151,1286,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">L. aquatica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF128EB059FFF8FEF6F9EFFE46862B" author="Barr" box="[264,409,1604,1630]" pageId="18" pageNumber="62" refString="Barr, D. W. (1972) The ejaculatory complex in water mites (Acari: Parasitengona): Morphology and potential value for systematics. Life Science Contributions of the Royal Ontario Museum, 81, 1 - 87." type="journal article" year="1972">Barr (1972)</bibRefCitation>
; gnathosoma L 247–312, H 148, W 157–171, mouth disc diameter 52–67; chelicera basal segment L/H 183–260/34–56, claw L 22–27 (L/H ratio 5.1–6.1, basal segment/claw L ratio 7.6–9.6); palp segments L/H P­ 
<date id="FFE049BFB059FFF8FC83F93FFC2F86DB" box="[893,1008,1684,1710]" pageId="18" pageNumber="53" value="1920-01-09" valueMax="1920-01-14" valueMin="1920-01-09">1 9–14/20</date>
–29, P­2 43–54/30–33, P­ 
<date id="FFE049BFB059FFF8FADEF93FFE8E86A3" pageId="18" pageNumber="53" value="1935-03-29">3 29–35</date>
/26–29, P­ 
<date id="FFE049BFB059FFF8FE32F917FD8D86A3" box="[460,594,1724,1750]" pageId="18" pageNumber="53" value="1915-04-14" valueMax="1915-04-17" valueMin="1915-04-14">4 14–17/15</date>
–17, P­ 
<date id="FFE049BFB059FFF8FD59F917FCD786A3" box="[679,776,1724,1750]" pageId="18" pageNumber="53" value="1918-05-23">5 18–23</date>
/8, total L 113–140.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE16F7FB059FFF9FEC6F94FFB4E81A3" blockId="18.[264,1325,284,1870]" lastBlockId="19.[264,1324,284,870]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">
Females (n = 7): Idiosoma L 900–1600; frontal sclerite L/W 234–351/130–202; anterodorsal sclerites L 85–224/100–270; Cx­1 maximum L/anterior margin W 275–460/ 139–234; Cx­3/4 maximum L/anterior W (excluding the subcutaneous apodemes) 324–535/135–310; Ac number 30–160, genital setae number 8–28; eggs, maximum number 30, maximum diameter 150; gnathosoma L 247–333, H 123–157, W 166, mouth disc diameter 56–76; chelicera (n = 1) basal segment L/H 172/40, claw L 27 (L/H ratio 5.0, basal segment/claw L ratio 6.4); palp segments L/H P­ 
<date id="FFE049BFB058FFF9FC13FE3FFBB981DB" box="[1005,1126,404,430]" pageId="19" pageNumber="54" value="1921-01-09" valueMax="1921-01-17" valueMin="1921-01-09">1 9–17/21</date>
–31, P­2 38–59/ 32–40, P­3 33–39/30–35, P­ 
<date id="FFE049BFB058FFF9FDADFE17FD0781A3" box="[595,728,444,470]" pageId="19" pageNumber="54" value="1919-04-16" valueMax="1919-04-23" valueMin="1919-04-16">4 16–23/19</date>
–25, P­ 
<date id="FFE049BFB058FFF9FCD0FE17FC5281A3" box="[814,909,444,470]" pageId="19" pageNumber="54" value="1921-05-23">5 21–23</date>
/8–9, total L 122–156.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE16F7FB058FFF9FEC6FE4FFD6B834B" blockId="19.[264,1324,284,870]" pageId="19" pageNumber="54">
Deutonymphs (material from 
<collectingCountry id="F3492FEFB058FFF9FD5FFE4FFCCE818B" box="[673,785,484,510]" name="Morocco" pageId="19" pageNumber="54">Morocco</collectingCountry>
): Idiosoma L 1100, frontal shield L/W 207/ 103, dorsal sclerites 1, 2 L 45, 67, Cx­1/2 L/W 216/112, Cx­3/4 247/117; coxae with a few setae only, but considerably differing between the two specimens investigated in number and arrangement (in specimen from site 
<date id="FFE049BFB058FFF9FD16FDF7FCEF8203" box="[744,816,604,630]" pageId="19" pageNumber="54">Mar 4</date>
b Cx­1+2 n = 30, many of them in a dense group on the anterolateral projection, Cx­3+4 n = 15; in specimen from site 
<date id="FFE049BFB058FFF9FB5EFD2FFB3782EB" box="[1184,1256,644,670]" pageId="19" pageNumber="54">Mar 3</date>
a Cx­ 1+2 n = 15, absent from the anterolateral projection; Cx­3+4 n = 4); acetabula number 40, only one genital seta; gnathosoma L 206, mouth disc radius 49, chelicera basal segment L/ H 145/34, claw L 20; palp measurements P­ 
<date id="FFE049BFB058FFF9FCF0FD57FC898363" box="[782,854,764,790]" pageId="19" pageNumber="54" value="1919-07-01">1 7/19</date>
, P­ 
<date id="FFE049BFB058FFF9FC82FD57FC068363" box="[892,985,764,790]" pageId="19" pageNumber="54" value="1935-02-31">2 31–35</date>
/29–32, P­ 
<date id="FFE049BFB058FFF9FBA8FD57FB058363" box="[1110,1242,764,790]" pageId="19" pageNumber="54" value="1925-03-23" valueMax="1925-03-25" valueMin="1925-03-23">3 23–25/25</date>
–28, P­ 
<date id="FFE049BFB058FFF9FEF6FC8FFE50834B" box="[264,399,804,830]" pageId="19" pageNumber="54" value="1914-04-12" valueMax="1914-04-13" valueMin="1914-04-12">4 12–13/14</date>
–15, P­ 
<date id="FFE049BFB058FFF9FE1DFC8FFDF1834B" box="[483,558,804,830]" pageId="19" pageNumber="54" value="1916-05-07">5 16/7</date>
, total L 91.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE16F7FB058FFF9FEC6FCE7FBCC8313" blockId="19.[264,1324,284,870]" box="[312,1043,844,870]" pageId="19" pageNumber="54">
Dervivatio nominis: &quot; 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E14FCB058FFF9FDC8FCE7FDAA8310" box="[566,629,844,869]" class="Arachnida" family="Limnocharidae" genus="Limnochares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azubi">
<emphasis id="B92AB36DB058FFF9FDC8FCE7FDAA8310" box="[566,629,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="54">azubi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot; is an undeclineable fantasy name.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF213FF7B058FFF9FEF6F96BFC0C8768" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170187/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="54" targetBox="[292,1295,935,1687]" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph id="8BE16F7FB058FFF9FEF6F96BFC0C8768" blockId="19.[264,1323,1728,1821]" pageId="19" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B92AB36DB058FFF9FEF6F96BFE5386AD" bold="true" box="[264,396,1728,1752]" pageId="19" pageNumber="54">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5E14FCB058FFF9FE68F96AFD1A86AD" authority="Gerecke" authorityName="Gerecke" box="[406,709,1729,1752]" class="Arachnida" family="Limnocharidae" genus="Limnochares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azubi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92AB36DB058FFF9FE68F96AFDBC86AD" box="[406,611,1729,1752]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="54">Limnochares azubi</emphasis>
Gerecke
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92AB36DB058FFF9FD33F96BFCFA86AD" bold="true" box="[717,805,1728,1752]" pageId="19" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2190E16B058FFF9FD33F96BFCFA86AD" box="[717,805,1728,1752]" pageId="19" pageNumber="54" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, paratype female. A dorsal view, idiosoma and gnathosoma (Details: glandularium seta in top, cup­shaped organ at the bottom); B frontal shield; C anterior coxae; D posterior coxae and genital field. Bars = 100 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF213FF7B05FFFFEFEF6F94EFE358711" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170188/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="55" targetBox="[296,1290,336,1737]" targetPageId="20">
<paragraph id="8BE16F7FB05FFFFEFEF6F94EFE358711" blockId="20.[264,1323,1765,1892]" pageId="20" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B92AB36DB05FFFFEFEF6F94EFE548688" bold="true" box="[264,395,1765,1789]" pageId="20" pageNumber="55">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
A–F 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E14FCB05FFFFEFE37F94EFD2A8689" authority="Gerecke" authorityName="Gerecke" box="[457,757,1765,1788]" class="Arachnida" family="Limnocharidae" genus="Limnochares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azubi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92AB36DB05FFFFEFE37F94EFD4A8689" box="[457,661,1765,1788]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="55">Limnochares azubi</emphasis>
Gerecke
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92AB36DB05FFFFEFD02F94EFC8E8688" bold="true" box="[764,849,1765,1789]" pageId="20" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2190E16B05FFFFEFD02F94EFC8E8688" box="[764,849,1765,1789]" pageId="20" pageNumber="55" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
A, B &quot;hypertrophic&quot; female from Morocco; A dorsum; B genital field and excretory pore; C–E paratype male; C gnathosoma lateral view, D chelicera, E palp; F paratype male palp. G 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E14FCB05FFFFEFD26F880FBA88737" authority="Gerecke &amp; Smit" authorityName="Gerecke &amp; Smit" box="[728,1143,1835,1858]" class="Arachnida" family="Limnocharidae" genus="Limnochares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="danielei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92AB36DB05FFFFEFD26F880FC1F8737" box="[728,960,1835,1858]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="55">Limnochares danielei</emphasis>
Gerecke &amp; Smit
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92AB36DB05FFFFEFB83F881FB0B8737" bold="true" box="[1149,1236,1834,1858]" pageId="20" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2190E16B05FFFFEFB83F881FB0B8737" box="[1149,1236,1834,1858]" pageId="20" pageNumber="55" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, female palp. Bars = 100 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF213FF7B05EFFFFFEF6F94CFEBD8713" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170189/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="56" targetBox="[297,1277,344,1733]" targetPageId="21">
<paragraph id="8BE16F7FB05EFFFFFEF6F94CFEBD8713" blockId="21.[264,1323,1767,1894]" pageId="21" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B92AB36DB05EFFFFFEF6F94CFE55868A" bold="true" box="[264,394,1767,1791]" pageId="21" pageNumber="56">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
A 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E14FCB05EFFFFFE53F943FCDA868B" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[429,773,1767,1791]" class="Arachnida" family="Limnocharidae" genus="Limnochares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquatica">
<emphasis id="B92AB36DB05EFFFFFE53F943FD43868A" box="[429,668,1768,1791]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="56">Limnochares aquatica</emphasis>
Linnaeus
</taxonomicName>
male (Sardinia), anterior coxae; B–D 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E14FCB05EFFFFFB5EF943FE7B8754" authority="Gerecke" authorityName="Gerecke" class="Arachnida" family="Limnocharidae" genus="Limnochares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azubi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92AB36DB05EFFFFFB5EF943FE9E8754" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="56">Limnochares azubi</emphasis>
Gerecke
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2190E16B05EFFFFFE53F8A1FE228754" box="[429,509,1802,1825]" pageId="21" pageNumber="56" rank="species">sp. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
, paratype male; B gnathosoma, ventral view; C I­L­4­6; D IV­L­4­6. E, F 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E14FCB05EFFFFFEF6F886FD748736" authority="Gerecke &amp; Smit" authorityName="Gerecke &amp; Smit" box="[264,683,1836,1860]" class="Arachnida" family="Limnocharidae" genus="Limnochares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="danielei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92AB36DB05EFFFFFEF6F886FE2E8731" box="[264,497,1837,1860]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="56">Limnochares danielei</emphasis>
Gerecke &amp; Smit
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92AB36DB05EFFFFFD4BF887FCD38731" bold="true" box="[693,780,1836,1860]" pageId="21" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2190E16B05EFFFFFD4BF887FCD38731" box="[693,780,1836,1860]" pageId="21" pageNumber="56" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, female; E anterior coxae, F genital field. Bars = 100 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE16F7FB05DFFFCFEC6FEB7FC65851B" blockId="22.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="22" pageNumber="57">
Discussion: From a comparison of important measurements of 
<specimenCount id="9D58A4F6B05DFFFCFBDAFEB7FB1B8143" box="[1060,1220,284,310]" pageId="22" pageNumber="57" type="generic">16 specimens</specimenCount>
from all collecting areas no remarkable differences were found between populations from 
<collectingCountry id="F3492FEFB05DFFFCFEF6FEC7FEAA81F3" box="[264,373,364,390]" name="Morocco" pageId="22" pageNumber="57">Morocco</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F3492FEFB05DFFFCFE7CFEC7FE1781F3" box="[386,456,364,390]" name="Spain" pageId="22" pageNumber="57">Spain</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F3492FEFB05DFFFCFE2BFEC7FDF081F3" box="[469,559,364,390]" name="France" pageId="22" pageNumber="57">Corsica</collectingCountry>
and the southern Alps. An analysis of specimens from the 
<emphasis id="B92AB36DB05DFFFCFB12FEC7FE8481D8" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="57">locus typicus</emphasis>
, showed 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E14FCB05DFFFCFE27FE3FFDE081D8" box="[473,575,404,429]" class="Arachnida" family="Limnocharidae" genus="Limnochares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azubi">
<emphasis id="B92AB36DB05DFFFCFE27FE3FFDE081D8" box="[473,575,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="57">L. azubi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to be a species with a high degree of variability in many characters. One female, taken together with numerous typical specimens in a small Moroccan mountain spring, merits particular attention (and would have been described by the author as a new species if it had been found as a single specimen). It differs from all other females not only in having a larger frontal shield (L 351, others &lt;290) and larger coxae (L Cx­1+2/3+4 460/535, others &lt;350/440), but also in number of acetabula (155, others &lt;90) and genital setae (28, others &lt;15). Furthermore, this female has an increased number of muscle attachment sclerites (including one asymmetrically arranged on the level of the posterodorsal sclerite), and its anal pore is surrounded by a large sclerite ring. Otherwise, with regard to measurements of the gnathosoma and its appendages, it fits completely the variability range of the population from the 
<emphasis id="B92AB36DB05DFFFCFC2DFC8FFBB18348" box="[979,1134,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="57">locus typicus</emphasis>
. At our present state of knowledge, it is impossible to take a definitive decision about the taxonomic state of this specimen. As the sclerotization of the anal pore is generally a stable speciesspecific character, it could be supposed to represent a separate, still undescribed species. An alternative hypothesis postulated is that 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E14FCB05DFFFCFCF7FC6FFCB883A8" box="[777,871,964,989]" class="Arachnida" family="Limnocharidae" genus="Limnochares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azubi">
<emphasis id="B92AB36DB05DFFFCFCF7FC6FFCB883A8" box="[777,871,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="57">L. azubi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as has been described for 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E14FCB05DFFFCFB5BFC6FFE1F8473" authority="Bottger 1972" authorityName="Bottger" authorityYear="1972" class="Arachnida" family="Limnocharidae" genus="Limnochares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquatica">
<emphasis id="B92AB36DB05DFFFCFB5BFC6FFAF483A8" box="[1189,1323,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="57">L. aquatica</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF128EB05DFFFCFEEEFC47FE688473" author="Bottger" box="[272,439,1004,1030]" pageId="22" pageNumber="62" refString="Bottger, K. (1972) Vergleichend biologisch-okologische Studien zum Entwicklungszyklus der Sußwassermilben Hydrachnellae, Acari). I. Der Entwicklungszyklus von Hydrachna globosa und Limnochares aquatica. Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie, 57, 109 - 152." type="journal article" year="1972">Böttger 1972</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, is capable of supernumerary moults at the adult stage. Under these conditions, the particular idiosoma morphology of the specimen in question could be explained as the consequence of a morphological change taking place when adults of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E14FCB05DFFFCFAEDFB97FE978408" class="Arachnida" family="Limnocharidae" genus="Limnochares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azubi">
<emphasis id="B92AB36DB05DFFFCFAEDFB97FE978408" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="57">L. azubi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
moult. Possibly, additional moults allow for a subsequent increase of idiosoma volume and a correspondingly higher egg production in females. The appearance of additional sclerites corresponds to the need to resist water flow, a need which increases with growing body volume (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF128EB05DFFFCFDA7FB77FCDA8483" author="Mitchell" box="[601,773,1244,1270]" pageId="22" pageNumber="63" refString="Mitchell, R. D. (1958) The evolution of exoskeletons and mite phylogeny. International Congress of Entomology, Proceedings 1, 863 - 865." type="journal article" year="1958">Mitchell 1958</bibRefCitation>
). The fact that mouth parts are not involved in this reorganization could be easily explained if they were adapted to the uptake of prey of a defined size. Also regarding the deutonymphs, the considerable differences suggest that the two specimens represent two different moulting stages.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE16F7FB05DFFFDFEC6FAD7FCDE81A3" blockId="22.[264,1324,284,1870]" lastBlockId="23.[264,1323,284,470]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="22" pageNumber="57">
Within the subfamily Limnocharinae, the presence of muscle attachment plates usually is found combined with a reduction in the number of palp segments (all species belonging to the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E14FCB05DFFFCFDC6FA67FD288590" box="[568,759,1484,1509]" class="Arachnida" family="Limnocharidae" genus="Neolimnochares" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92AB36DB05DFFFCFDC6FA67FD288590" box="[568,759,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="57">Neolimnochares</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, distributed in 
<collectingCountry id="F3492FEFB05DFFFCFC41FA67FBF88593" box="[959,1063,1484,1510]" name="United States of America" pageId="22" pageNumber="57">America</collectingCountry>
, Asia, 
<collectingCountry id="F3492FEFB05DFFFCFB78FA67FB2D8593" box="[1158,1266,1484,1510]" name="Australia" pageId="22" pageNumber="57">Australia</collectingCountry>
and Africa). The only known species with a five­segmented palp and sclerotized dorsal muscle attachments is 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E14FCB05DFFFCFE37F9B7FCCB8643" authority="Habeeb, 1965" authorityName="Habeeb" authorityYear="1965" box="[457,788,1564,1590]" class="Arachnida" family="Limnocharidae" genus="Limnochares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anomala">
<emphasis id="B92AB36DB05DFFFCFE37F9B7FD878640" box="[457,600,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="57">L. anomala</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF128EB05DFFFCFD96F9B7FCCB8643" author="Habeeb" box="[616,788,1564,1590]" pageId="22" pageNumber="62" refString="Habeeb, H. (1965) A new species of Limnochares and other things. Leaflets of Acadian Biology, 39, 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1965">Habeeb, 1965</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from California, described from a single deutonymph. Adults of that species have since been found and D.R. Cook kindly made available unpublished data from his investigations (Cook unpubl.). 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E14FCB05DFFFCFBB9F9C7FAF486F0" box="[1095,1323,1644,1669]" class="Arachnida" family="Limnocharidae" genus="Limnochares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azubi">
<emphasis id="B92AB36DB05DFFFCFBB9F9C7FAF486F0" box="[1095,1323,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="57">Limnochares azubi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
agrees with 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E14FCB05DFFFCFE62F93FFDFC86D8" box="[412,547,1684,1709]" class="Arachnida" family="Limnocharidae" genus="Limnochares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anomala">
<emphasis id="B92AB36DB05DFFFCFE62F93FFDFC86D8" box="[412,547,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="57">L. anomala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the arrangement of muscle attachment sclerites, shape of the frontal shield and gnathosoma and the number and arrangement of elements of the genital area. The most conspicuous difference is the presence of a prominent, subquadratic sclerite with tubercular projections surrounding the anal pore (in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E14FCB05DFFFCFC1AF8A7FB958750" box="[996,1098,1804,1829]" class="Arachnida" family="Limnocharidae" genus="Limnochares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azubi">
<emphasis id="B92AB36DB05DFFFCFC1AF8A7FB958750" box="[996,1098,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="57">L. azubi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the anal pore is generally unsclerotized or in exceptional cases with a circular sclerite ring not bearing tubercles). Furthermore, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E14FCB05CFFFDFDC8FEB7FD1E8140" box="[566,705,284,309]" class="Arachnida" family="Limnocharidae" genus="Limnochares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anomala">
<emphasis id="B92AB36DB05CFFFDFDC8FEB7FD1E8140" box="[566,705,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="58">L. anomala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has no anteriolateral extension on Cx­1 (as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E14FCB05CFFFDFAEDFEB7FEB18128" class="Arachnida" family="Limnocharidae" genus="Limnochares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquatica">
<emphasis id="B92AB36DB05CFFFDFAEDFEB7FEB18128" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="58">L. aquatica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
only a subcutaneous apodeme is found here), and a relatively longer P­4 (P­4/P­5 equal in L). The presence of two sister species from such separate zoogeographic areas suggests they are of ancient origin. The phylogenetic relations between limnocharid species and genera should be reconsidered.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>