treatments-xml/data/03/E8/87/03E887F4DF41FF9919D43B4BF327FBE2.xml

<document id="A96CCEE12ACC9CD9A56C5EC79D7EEA40" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.363.1.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13703414" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725581356715" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Negaresh, Kazem &amp; Rahiminejad, Mohammad Reza" docDate="2018" docId="03E887F4DF41FF9919D43B4BF327FBE2" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.363.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 363 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.363.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0.4:Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleId="F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Centaurea rahiminejadii Negaresh 2016" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="450" masterDocId="FFD1FF8CDF12FFCC195C3E3CF14EFF83" masterDocTitle="A revision of Centaurea sect. Cynaroides (Asteraceae, Cardueae-Centaureinae)" masterLastPageNumber="450" masterPageNumber="448" pageNumber="448" updateTime="1725593506943" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="330A27A5F50F476A838A0B22EC40BF4B">A revision of Centaurea sect. Cynaroides (Asteraceae, Cardueae-Centaureinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="854B84CBDD1C9DE0CC4BF7C21C1971B4">Negaresh, Kazem</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="FA8A2331A948571AAAD4EABD91718DB7">Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran. (* Corresponding author e-mail: negaresh @ ramin. ac. ir)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0C2CA6A2B66A57AC5F0F36175F8030D7">Rahiminejad, Mohammad Reza</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="0513F0AAA2C66C37B319C8B92E8A2DDD">Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran. (* Corresponding author e-mail: negaresh @ ramin. ac. ir) &amp; Department of Biology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746 - 73441, Iran. &amp; Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran. (* Corresponding author e-mail: negaresh @ ramin. ac. ir)</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B86D45363848DCC1B8814FB4596DD101" type="email">negaresh@ramin.ac.ir</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="048BC0EF676AD29B6BA2A73D4694CACF">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="8E2DB5B66BEF292F0878ACBC1C0EBFB3">2018</mods:date>
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<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF41FF9F19D43B4BF1E5FA13" bold="true" box="[136,171,1399,1424]" pageId="83">26.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF41FF9F19ED3B49F3E3FA13" ID-CoL="69GCF" authority="Negaresh (2016: 2)" authorityName="Negaresh" authorityPageNumber="2" authorityYear="2016" box="[177,685,1397,1424]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rahiminejadii">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF41FF9F19ED3B49F083FA13" bold="true" box="[177,461,1397,1424]" italics="true" pageId="83">Centaurea rahiminejadii</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B293CBFDF41FF9F188F3B4BF3E3FA13" box="[467,685,1399,1424]" collectingDate="2014-05-29" collectionCode="HUI, FUMH" collectorName="Negaresh &amp; Kamalnejad" country="Iran" county="Type" elevation="1375" location="Kamyaran" municipality="Ravansar" pageId="83" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Kermanshah" typeStatus="holotype">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B13DF41FF9F188F3B4BF3E3FA13" author="Negaresh, K. &amp; Rahiminejad, M. R." box="[467,685,1399,1424]" pageId="83" pagination="15 - 22" refId="ref68264" refString="Negaresh, K. &amp; Rahiminejad, M. R. (2016) Centaurea rahiminejadii sp. nov. and a new record in the genus Centaurea (Asteraceae, Cardueae - Centaureinae) from Iran. Nordic Journal of Botany 34 (1): 15 - 22." type="journal article" year="2016">Negaresh (2016: 2)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
. 
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:— 
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. Prov. 
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: 
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toward 
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, 
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after 
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, 34° 71′ 53″ N, 46° 65′ 33″ E, 
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, 
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, 
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&amp; 
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28689
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(
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HUI!, 
<typeStatus id="54FA8840DF41FF9F198D3B83F063FA5B" box="[209,301,1471,1496]" pageId="83" type="isotype">isotypes</typeStatus>
FUMH!, herb. Negaresh!). (
<figureCitation id="137A2A67DF41FF9F1B333B83F38EFA5B" box="[623,704,1471,1496]" captionStart="FIGURE 56" captionStartId="84.[136,229,1928,1949]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,190,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-17@84.[151,1436,190,1904]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURE 56. Centaurea rahiminejadii Negaresh (Negaresh &amp; Kamalnejad 28689, HUI). A. close up of capitule with pollinator. B. indumentum of lower part of stem. C. habit and habitat. D. lower and median cauline leaves. Scale A = 1 cm, C = 15 cm, D = 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703564" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13703564/files/figure.png" pageId="83">Fig. 56</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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Biennial plants, up to 
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tall; collar of fibrous petiolar remains present at stem base. Stem erect, usually simple, ca. 
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in diam. at base, cylindrical, with thick brown striations, densely leafy in median part, lower part ± densely covered with hirsute-articulate hairs, up to 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF41FF9F1B8B3873F254F9EB" box="[727,794,1615,1640]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="83" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
long, median part loosely covered with hirsute-articulate hairs mixed with scattered arachnoid hairs, upper part sparsely arachnoid, with sessile glandular hairs. Leaves thin, papyraceous (on drying), almost undivided, with prominent elevated veins on each side, loosely covered with short and deciduous hirsute-articulate hairs, denser along midrib and veins, sometimes scabrous. Basal leaves withered at anthesis. Lower cauline leaves simple, broadly ovate, 24–33 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF41FF9F1AD838E3F2B7F97B" box="[900,1017,1759,1784]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="83" unit="cm" value="12.0" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="11.0">11–13 cm</quantity>
, with a 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF41FF9F1D0638E3F582F97B" box="[1114,1228,1759,1784]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="83" unit="cm" value="12.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="10.0">10–14 cm</quantity>
petiole, sometimes with basal auricles, loosely cartilaginous dentate or entire, obtuse to subacute at apex. Median cauline leaves sessile, simple, broadly oblanceolate, broadly oblong or oblong-elliptic, 16–24 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF41FF9F1AE0391BF550F8C3" box="[956,1054,1831,1856]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="83" unit="cm" value="8.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="6.0">6–11 cm</quantity>
, winged or broadly decurrent, up to 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF41FF9F19D43977F196F8E7" box="[136,216,1867,1892]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="83" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
along stem, sparsely cartilaginous dentate or entire, acute at apex. Upper cauline leaves increasingly smaller towards stem apex, sessile, simple, oblong to narrowly oblong or narrowly lanceolate, 3–14 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF41FF9F1DC03953F5BCF80B" box="[1180,1266,1903,1928]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="83" unit="cm" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1–4 cm</quantity>
, loosely covered with arachnoid hairs mixed with sessile glands, entire or denticulate, broadly decurrent, up to 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF41FF9F1D9039AFF450F82F" box="[1228,1310,1939,1964]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="83" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
along stem, sometimes not decurrent, acute or subacuminate at apex. Capitula several, 8 to 10, arranged in a raceme, upper ones on peduncles 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF41FF9F19A339E7F020F877" box="[255,366,2011,2036]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="83" unit="cm" value="17.0" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="12.0">12–22 cm</quantity>
long, sometimes with bracts similar to phyllaries with small stramineous and chaffy appendages. Involucres ovoid to subglobose, 30–35 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF41FF9F1B3739C3F3A4F79B" box="[619,746,2047,2072]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="83" unit="mm" value="36.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="32.0">32–40 mm</quantity>
. Phyllaries multiseriate, green in vivo, imbricate, coriaceous, densely lanate-tomentose. Appendages very small, concealing a minor part of phyllaries, rigid, brown or pale brown, triangular or narrowly triangular, 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF47FF991B5E3EF8F32EFF5E" box="[514,608,196,221]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="85" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2–5 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF47FF991BFB3EF8F24BFF5E" box="[679,773,196,221]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="85" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2–5 mm</quantity>
wide at base, weakly ciliate or pectinate, inner ones smaller and indistinct or linear; cilia short, 3–4 on each side, 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF47FF991B853ED4F205FE82" box="[729,843,232,257]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="85" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1 mm</quantity>
long; spine 
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long, sometimes lacking. Outer phyllaries oblong, 3–7 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF47FF9918F63F30F343FEA6" box="[426,525,268,293]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="85" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="3.0">3–6 mm</quantity>
; median phyllaries broadly lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 16–23 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF47FF991C763F30F4E9FEA6" box="[1322,1447,268,293]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="85" unit="mm" value="11.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="11.0">11–12 mm</quantity>
; inner phyllaries lanceolate or linear, 25–32 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF47FF991BCA3F0CF248FECA" box="[662,774,304,329]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="85" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="5.0">5–12 mm</quantity>
. Flowers purple; central florets hermaphroditic, 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF47FF991C6D3F0CF4E2FECA" box="[1329,1452,304,329]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.8" pageId="85" unit="mm" value="49.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="48.0">48–50 mm</quantity>
long, corolla 
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long, 5-lobed, lobes 
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long, with brownish nerves; peripheral florets sterile, equal to central ones, numerous (
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each capitulum) and conspicuous, finely dissected, not radiant, 5-lobed, limb lobe filiform, ca. 
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long. Achenes oblong, ca. 
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long, 
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wide, smooth and shiny, whitish to yellowishwhite, rounded at apex, glabrescent; insertion areole lateral, ca. 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF47FF991A0A3FFCF2D9FE5A" box="[854,919,448,473]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="85" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
long. Pappus persistent, multiseriate, scabrous, pale brown, ca. 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF47FF9918663FD8F0C7FE7E" box="[314,393,484,509]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="85" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
long, bristles of inner rows very slightly shorter than others.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3E666ADF46FF9819D439B4F4C6F842" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703564" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13703564" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13703564/files/figure.png" pageId="84" startId="84.[136,229,1928,1949]" targetBox="[151,1434,190,1903]" targetPageId="84" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF46FF9819D439B4F4C6F842" blockId="84.[136,1451,1928,1985]" pageId="84">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF46FF9819D439B4F049F81E" bold="true" box="[136,263,1928,1949]" pageId="84">FIGURE 56</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF46FF98184A39B4F324F81E" authority="Negaresh" authorityName="Negaresh" authorityYear="2016" box="[278,618,1928,1949]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rahiminejadii">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF46FF98184A39B4F349F81E" box="[278,519,1928,1949]" italics="true" pageId="84">Centaurea rahiminejadii</emphasis>
Negaresh
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF46FF981B2739B4F2F8F81E" box="[635,950,1928,1949]" italics="true" pageId="84">Negaresh &amp; Kamalnejad 28689</emphasis>
, HUI). 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF46FF981D5B39B4F556F81E" bold="true" box="[1031,1048,1928,1949]" pageId="84">A</emphasis>
. close up of capitule with pollinator. 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF46FF981CC939B4F4EBF81E" bold="true" box="[1429,1445,1928,1949]" pageId="84">B</emphasis>
. indumentum of lower part of stem. 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF46FF9818813990F0A0F842" bold="true" box="[477,494,1964,1985]" pageId="84">C</emphasis>
. habit and habitat. 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF46FF981BFA3990F3F9F842" bold="true" box="[678,695,1964,1985]" pageId="84">D</emphasis>
. lower and median cauline leaves. Scale 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF46FF981D1E3990F51DF842" bold="true" box="[1090,1107,1964,1985]" pageId="84">A</emphasis>
= 1 cm, 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF46FF981DF53990F5F4F842" bold="true" box="[1193,1210,1964,1985]" pageId="84">C</emphasis>
= 15 cm, 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF46FF981C473990F462F842" bold="true" box="[1307,1324,1964,1985]" pageId="84">D</emphasis>
= 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF47FF9919E13C34F363FBBE" blockId="85.[136,1452,160,1121]" pageId="85">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF47FF9919E13C34F3DDFDA2" bold="true" box="[189,659,520,545]" pageId="85">Taxonomic and distribution remarks:</emphasis>
— 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF47FF991BF33C34F284FDA2" authorityName="Negaresh" authorityYear="2016" box="[687,970,520,545]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rahiminejadii">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF47FF991BF33C34F284FDA2" box="[687,970,520,545]" italics="true" pageId="85">Centaurea rahiminejadii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a very rare endemic to 
<collectingRegion id="4985F800DF47FF991C423C34F1A0FDC6" country="Iran" name="Kermanshah" pageId="85">Kermanshah Province</collectingRegion>
, W 
<collectingCountry id="F3567672DF47FF9918433C10F002FDC6" box="[287,332,556,581]" name="Iran" pageId="85">Iran</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B13DF47FF9918013C10F38AFDC6" author="Negaresh, K. &amp; Rahiminejad, M. R." box="[349,708,556,581]" pageId="85" pagination="15 - 22" refId="ref68264" refString="Negaresh, K. &amp; Rahiminejad, M. R. (2016) Centaurea rahiminejadii sp. nov. and a new record in the genus Centaurea (Asteraceae, Cardueae - Centaureinae) from Iran. Nordic Journal of Botany 34 (1): 15 - 22." type="journal article" year="2016">Negaresh &amp; Rahiminejad 2016</bibRefCitation>
) (
<figureCitation id="137A2A67DF47FF991B813C10F27DFDC6" box="[733,819,556,581]" captionStart="FIGURE 55" captionStartId="83.[136,229,970,991]" captionTargetBox="[159,1389,209,930]" captionTargetId="figure-14@83.[151,1436,190,945]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 55. Distribution of Centaurea phlomoides (circles), C. rahiminejadii (squares), and C. ravansarensis (triangles)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703560" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13703560/files/figure.png" pageId="85">Fig. 55</figureCitation>
). It is an Irano-Turanian element, and grows on fallow fields and along roadsides, at elevations of 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF47FF991B393C6CF3B1FDEA" box="[613,767,592,617]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="85" unit="m" value="1350.0" valueMax="1400.0" valueMin="1300.0">1300–1400 m</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="137A2A67DF47FF991A513C6CF2ADFDEA" box="[781,995,592,617]" captionStart="FIGURE 56" captionStartId="84.[136,229,1928,1949]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,190,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-17@84.[151,1436,190,1904]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURE 56. Centaurea rahiminejadii Negaresh (Negaresh &amp; Kamalnejad 28689, HUI). A. close up of capitule with pollinator. B. indumentum of lower part of stem. C. habit and habitat. D. lower and median cauline leaves. Scale A = 1 cm, C = 15 cm, D = 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703564" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13703564/files/figure.png" pageId="85">Figs. 56C and 56D</figureCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF47FF991AA93C6CF446FDEA" authorityName="Negaresh" authorityYear="2016" box="[1013,1288,592,617]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rahiminejadii">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF47FF991AA93C6CF446FDEA" box="[1013,1288,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="85">Centaurea rahiminejadii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only known from the 
<typeStatus id="54FA8840DF47FF9919B33C48F051FD0E" box="[239,287,628,653]" pageId="85">type</typeStatus>
locality in Shahu Mountains (Ranvansar-Kamyaran road) (
<figureCitation id="137A2A67DF47FF991AEB3C48F550FD0E" box="[951,1054,628,653]" captionStart="FIGURE 56" captionStartId="84.[136,229,1928,1949]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,190,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-17@84.[151,1436,190,1904]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURE 56. Centaurea rahiminejadii Negaresh (Negaresh &amp; Kamalnejad 28689, HUI). A. close up of capitule with pollinator. B. indumentum of lower part of stem. C. habit and habitat. D. lower and median cauline leaves. Scale A = 1 cm, C = 15 cm, D = 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703564" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13703564/files/figure.png" pageId="85">Fig. 56C</figureCitation>
). It is a distinct species which, with its diagnostic appendages that are smallest among the species of 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF47FF991A0D3CA4F224FD32" box="[849,874,664,689]" italics="true" pageId="85">C.</emphasis>
sect. 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF47FF991AF43CA4F566FD32" box="[936,1064,664,689]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cynaroides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF47FF991AF43CA4F566FD32" box="[936,1064,664,689]" italics="true" pageId="85">Cynaroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, occurs exclusively in a very small area in the 
<collectingRegion id="4985F800DF47FF99185F3C80F0B3FD56" box="[259,509,700,725]" country="Iran" name="Kermanshah" pageId="85">Kermanshah Province</collectingRegion>
, in 
<collectingCountry id="F3567672DF47FF991B793C80F31CFD56" box="[549,594,700,725]" name="Iran" pageId="85">Iran</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B13DF47FF991B3C3C80F28FFD56" author="Negaresh, K. &amp; Rahiminejad, M. R." box="[608,961,700,725]" pageId="85" pagination="15 - 22" refId="ref68264" refString="Negaresh, K. &amp; Rahiminejad, M. R. (2016) Centaurea rahiminejadii sp. nov. and a new record in the genus Centaurea (Asteraceae, Cardueae - Centaureinae) from Iran. Nordic Journal of Botany 34 (1): 15 - 22." type="journal article" year="2016">Negaresh &amp; Rahiminejad 2016</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF47FF991A8F3C80F5A9FD56" authorityName="Negaresh" authorityYear="2016" box="[979,1255,700,725]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rahiminejadii">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF47FF991A8F3C80F5A9FD56" box="[979,1255,700,725]" italics="true" pageId="85">Centaurea rahiminejadii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be compared with several of the purple-flowering species of the section, but it seems to be related more closely to 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF47FF991D813CDCF1B2FC9E" authorityName="Negaresh" authorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="gigantea" subSpecies="rechingeri">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF47FF991D813CDCF411FD7A" box="[1245,1375,736,761]" italics="true" pageId="85">C. gigantea</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF47FF9919D43D38F1B2FC9E" box="[136,252,772,797]" italics="true" pageId="85">rechingeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its small and brown appendages, purple flowers and the same length of pappus and achenes. However, it differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF47FF99186E3D14F3CAFCC2" authorityName="Negaresh" authorityYear="2018" box="[306,644,808,833]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="gigantea" subSpecies="rechingeri">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF47FF99186E3D14F0F9FCC2" box="[306,439,808,833]" italics="true" pageId="85">C. gigantea</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF47FF991B4C3D14F3CAFCC2" box="[528,644,808,833]" italics="true" pageId="85">rechingeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its lower cauline leaves broadly ovate, 24–33 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF47FF991D863D14F403FCC2" box="[1242,1357,808,833]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="85" unit="cm" value="12.0" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="11.0">11–13 cm</quantity>
, loosely cartilaginous dentate or entire (
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF47FF9918BE3D70F0B7FCE6" box="[482,505,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="85">vs</emphasis>
. lanceolate, 22–24 × ca. 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF47FF991A503D70F21DFCE6" box="[780,851,844,869]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="85" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
, entire), capitula 8 to 10, upper ones on peduncles 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF47FF991CDE3D70F183FC0A" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="85" unit="cm" value="17.0" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="12.0">12– 22 cm</quantity>
long (
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF47FF99184A3D4CF063FC0A" box="[278,301,880,905]" italics="true" pageId="85">vs</emphasis>
. 3 to 7(–12), peduncles short or pedunculate in the upper part, gradually longer towards the base of the raceme, lowest ones sometimes with 2–4 heads), involucres ovoid to subglobose, 30–35 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF47FF991D233DA8F5B6FC2E" box="[1151,1272,916,941]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="85" unit="mm" value="36.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="32.0">32–40 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF47FF991C543DA8F451FC2E" box="[1288,1311,916,941]" italics="true" pageId="85">vs</emphasis>
. subglobose or obconical, ca. 45 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF47FF9918DC3D84F09DFC52" box="[384,467,952,977]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="85" unit="mm" value="45.0">45 mm</quantity>
), inner appendages smaller and indistinct or linear (
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF47FF991D4F3D84F564FC52" box="[1043,1066,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="85">vs</emphasis>
. triangular, distinctly ciliate), cilia 3–4 on each side, 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF47FF99180F3DE0F088FC76" box="[339,454,988,1013]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="85" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1 mm</quantity>
long (
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF47FF991B533DE0F368FC76" box="[527,550,988,1013]" italics="true" pageId="85">vs</emphasis>
. 4–8 on each side, (2–) 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF47FF991A6C3DE0F2C3FC76" box="[816,909,988,1013]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="85" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 mm</quantity>
long), spine 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF47FF991D7C3DE0F5DCFC76" box="[1056,1170,988,1013]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="85" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–2 mm</quantity>
long, sometimes lacking (
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF47FF9919CD3A3CF1E6FB9A" box="[145,168,1024,1049]" italics="true" pageId="85">vs</emphasis>
. 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF47FF9919EA3A3CF05DFB9A" box="[182,275,1024,1049]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="85" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2–5 mm</quantity>
long), and also in the pappus: bristles of inner rows very slightly shorter than others (
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF47FF991D953A3CF5AEFB9A" box="[1225,1248,1024,1049]" italics="true" pageId="85">vs</emphasis>
. double, bristle of inner rows much shorter than others).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF47FF9919E13A74F327FBE2" blockId="85.[136,1452,160,1121]" box="[189,617,1096,1121]" pageId="85">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF47FF9919E13A74F099FBE2" bold="true" box="[189,471,1096,1121]" pageId="85">Chromosome numbers:</emphasis>
—Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>