150 lines
15 KiB
XML
150 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document id="73F3DA6B1CA694EC2D88BEFB44BEF36E" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2020.718.1101" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4069574" ID-ZooBank="F9E9A91E-488C-4DB1-9361-E788E9AC5BC1" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1602021550335" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Huber, Bernhard A. & Villarreal, Osvaldo" docDate="2020" docId="03E887ADFF187AC9FD03FB44FE8DF852" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-718_huber_villareal.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 718" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Modisimus Simon 1893" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="201" masterDocId="FFD1FFD5FFD07A01FF8BFF8FFA5BFFBA" masterDocTitle="On Venezuelan pholcid spiders (Araneae, Pholcidae)" masterLastPageNumber="317" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="201" updateTime="1698792674692" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:mods id="5DAC15F84BF7B3D420AD41668F0AF012" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="7D3DB26CA559499B7933BCCB63D4C38D">
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<mods:title id="04A0A9AE6590C204E605F9EEAA7C2679">On Venezuelan pholcid spiders (Araneae, Pholcidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="9655C07DB35E5DD9B1E7D2E33A0B1165" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="26383F1ED895A233C050C8A9B1BAA621">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F633E9C43AC2E6CD4C2806925B216DAA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="3620B5FC1B669E16CB5093F2729F4D6E">Huber, Bernhard A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="9F6E52AE7ADEE3CEFF4150CA79BC6CF4" type="LSID">33607F65-19BF-4DC9-94FD-4BB88CED455F</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="1E72F88AF465D96148307E5C2699A320">Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="3C6C20EA0CDF5959C56F00D51AAFE898" type="email">b.huber@leibniz-zfmk.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="86ACB18B39529589AB183B8CCA6DBB16" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="05FBACFD5C1D27E87556780126A60FB5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="CA27BAD47D13B181C33465CF8DEA74B3">Villarreal, Osvaldo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="BDDA1C9A0A23034629171CF51DC6C0ED" type="LSID">679C385E-B068-4351-9D2F-97753E534C26</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="85E39762589E59A83285F242771216B6">Museo del Instituto de Zoología Agrícola, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Maracay, Venezuela. & Museu Nacional / UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="1A04391962EC75C9E3B979321518E9EE" type="email">osvaldovillarreal@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="0A842BC6DF6CB985CC427786A74E7FC5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="8E65D776A2214BE3BEF84ED43FA460C3">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="1BD795A7B588473D5E04CF3E1FF42EC9">
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<mods:date id="3F78DFC55B2E735A6F28CB9C5515A139">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9BBD7DB6C5D7B44F580FAB478BCB1896">2020-10-01</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="C709F551A68606C1BF7ACDEDC419F0B0" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="09E8C4A60407F63F7DE4E2E6609FCDD6">718</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="A12DEEB52459834D4D9EA27C8B70B1F1">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="9004ED383DD19A65BEA1FBBF90E1487C" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2020.718.1101</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E32AA4EE60259C0887F8EDB4A09F21EA" type="Zenodo-Dep">4069574</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E887ADFF187AC9FD03FB44FE8DF852" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4343961" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4343961" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E887ADFF187AC9FD03FB44FE8DF852" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E887ADFF187AC9FD03FB44FE8DF852" lastPageNumber="201" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">
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<subSubSection id="C35B6530FF187AC9FD03FB44FB58FA9D" pageId="200" pageNumber="201" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFE36BBFF187AC9FD03FB44F9F7FB5C" blockId="200.[648,940,1227,1254]" box="[648,940,1227,1254]" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">
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<heading id="D0B681D7FF187AC9FD03FB44F9F7FB5C" box="[648,940,1227,1254]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="200" pageNumber="201" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C414D38FF187AC9FD03FB44F9F7FB5C" ID-CoL="63BVT" ID-ENA="632610" authority="Simon, 1893" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1893" box="[648,940,1227,1254]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Modisimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="200" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B935EAA9FF187AC9FD03FB44F955FB5C" bold="true" box="[648,782,1227,1254]" italics="true" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">Modisimus</emphasis>
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Simon, 1893
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFE36BBFF187AC9FF36FA82FB58FA9D" blockId="200.[189,259,1293,1319]" box="[189,259,1293,1319]" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">
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<heading id="D0B681D7FF187AC9FF36FA82FB58FA9D" bold="true" box="[189,259,1293,1319]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="200" pageNumber="201" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B935EAA9FF187AC9FF36FA82FB58FA9D" bold="true" box="[189,259,1293,1319]" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">Notes</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C35B6530FF187AC9FF36FAB4FE8DF852" pageId="200" pageNumber="201" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BFE36BBFF187AC9FF36FAB4FE3BF9BC" blockId="200.[189,1399,1339,1542]" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">
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The genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C414D38FF187AC9FEC9FAB4FB98FAEF" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1893" box="[322,451,1339,1365]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Modisimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="200" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B935EAA9FF187AC9FEC9FAB4FB98FAEF" box="[322,451,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">Modisimus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is species rich in
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<collectingCountry id="F356762BFF187AC9FD2BFAB4F8A6FAEF" box="[672,765,1339,1365]" name="Mexico" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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, Central America and the Antilles. Unpublished data suggest that the 79 extant species formally described from this region are just a small fraction of the actual diversity. For example, a recent collecting trip in
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<collectingCountry id="F356762BFF187AC9FCDEFA0DF9F4FA26" box="[853,943,1410,1436]" name="Mexico" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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(
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<date id="FFFF107BFF187AC9FC34FA0DFE6CFA26" box="[959,1079,1410,1436]" pageId="200" pageNumber="201" value="2019-10">Oct. 2019</date>
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) resulted in ~33 species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C414D38FF187AC9FF36FA2AFB65FA05" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1893" box="[189,318,1445,1471]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Modisimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="200" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B935EAA9FF187AC9FF36FA2AFB65FA05" box="[189,318,1445,1471]" italics="true" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">Modisimus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, of which ~28 (i.e., 85%) are considered new (B.A. Huber, A. Valdez M., unpubl. data); extensive collections in the Caribbean (mostly
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<date id="FFFF107BFF187AC9FD62FA47F935FA58" box="[745,878,1480,1506]" pageId="200" pageNumber="201" value="2011" valueMax="2014">2011–2014</date>
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) resulted in ~98 species, of which ~72 (i.e., 73%) are considered new (B.A. Huber, I. Agnarsson, G. Binford, unpubl. data).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFE36BBFF187AC9FF36F9A2FEDFF8A1" blockId="200.[189,1399,1581,1819]" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">
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By contrast, available data suggest that
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<taxonomicName id="4C414D38FF187AC9FD18F9A2F94FF9FD" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1893" box="[659,788,1581,1607]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Modisimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="200" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B935EAA9FF187AC9FD18F9A2F94FF9FD" box="[659,788,1581,1607]" italics="true" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">Modisimus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is poorly represented in South America. Only three species have previously been reported from mainland South America: the pantropical
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<taxonomicName id="4C414D38FF187AC9FB6AF9DEFB34F937" authority="(Simon, 1893)" baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1893" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Modisimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="200" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="culicinus">
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<emphasis id="B935EAA9FF187AC9FB6AF9DEFF2CF9D0" box="[1249,1399,1616,1642]" italics="true" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">M. culicinus</emphasis>
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(Simon, 1893)
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="4C414D38FF187AC9FEF4F9FBF8C7F937" authority="Huber, 1997" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="1997" box="[383,668,1651,1677]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Modisimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="200" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">
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<emphasis id="B935EAA9FF187AC9FEF4F9FBFBA2F937" box="[383,505,1652,1677]" italics="true" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">M. simoni</emphasis>
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Huber, 1997
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<taxonomicName id="4C414D38FF187AC9FD67F9FCF93EF937" box="[748,869,1651,1677]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Venezuela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="200" pageNumber="312" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Venezuela</taxonomicName>
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[including its junior synonym
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<taxonomicName id="4C414D38FF187AC9FB6CF9FBFBB6F90B" authority="(Gonzalez-Sponga, 2009)" baseAuthorityName="Gonzalez-Sponga" baseAuthorityYear="2009" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Modisimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="200" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus">
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<emphasis id="B935EAA9FF187AC9FB6CF9FBFF2DF937" box="[1255,1398,1652,1677]" italics="true" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">M. minimus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B4AFF187AC9FF4EF919FBBEF90B" author="Gonzalez-Sponga M. A." box="[197,485,1686,1713]" pageId="200" pageNumber="201" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref127402" refString="Gonzalez-Sponga M. A. 2009. Aracnidos de Venezuela. Cuatro nuevos generos y cinco especies nuevas de la familia Pholcidae (Araneae). Anartia 21: 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="2009">González-Sponga, 2009</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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; see below]; and
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<taxonomicName id="4C414D38FF187AC9FD3EF918F9AFF90B" authority="Schmidt, 1956" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1956" box="[693,1012,1686,1713]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Physocyclus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="200" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="globosus">
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<emphasis id="B935EAA9FF187AC9FD3EF918F918F90A" box="[693,835,1686,1712]" italics="true" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">M. globosus</emphasis>
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Schmidt, 1956
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="F356762BFF187AC9FBB1F919FEE9F90A" box="[1082,1202,1686,1712]" name="Colombia" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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. A fourth species is newly described below. The faunal turnovers seem to lie somewhere in the
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<collectingRegion id="4985F859FF187AC9FBBEF935FEDEF96E" box="[1077,1157,1722,1748]" country="Panama" name="Darien" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">Darien</collectingRegion>
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Gap linking
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<collectingCountry id="F356762BFF187AC9FA91F935FF2CF96E" box="[1306,1399,1722,1748]" name="Panama" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">Panama</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="F356762BFF187AC9FF66F952FB3AF94D" box="[237,353,1757,1783]" name="Colombia" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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and between the Lesser Antilles (which have a rich unpublished fauna) and
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<collectingCountry id="F356762BFF187AC9FB44F952FF68F94D" box="[1231,1331,1757,1783]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
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(with no representative of
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<taxonomicName id="4C414D38FF187AC9FE26F88FF875F8A0" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1893" box="[429,558,1792,1818]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Modisimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="200" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B935EAA9FF187AC9FE26F88FF875F8A0" box="[429,558,1792,1818]" italics="true" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">Modisimus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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except
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<taxonomicName id="4C414D38FF187AC9FD02F88EF941F8A0" baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[649,794,1792,1818]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Modisimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="200" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="culicinus">
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<emphasis id="B935EAA9FF187AC9FD02F88EF941F8A0" box="[649,794,1792,1818]" italics="true" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">M. culicinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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known to exist in collections).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFE36BBFF187AC9FF36F8CDFE8DF852" blockId="200.[189,1399,1857,2025]" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">
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To some degree, this marked turnover is probably artificial. The pholcid fauna of
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<collectingCountry id="F356762BFF187AC9FB2EF8CEFF42F8E1" box="[1189,1305,1857,1883]" name="Colombia" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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is very poorly known, and the near-coastal regions of
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<taxonomicName id="4C414D38FF187AC9FD7DF8EAF934F8C5" box="[758,879,1893,1919]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Venezuela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="200" pageNumber="312" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Venezuela</taxonomicName>
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may also be home to further species. It is unknown whether
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<taxonomicName id="4C414D38FF187AC9FE10F807F847F818" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1893" box="[411,540,1928,1954]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Modisimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="200" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B935EAA9FF187AC9FE10F807F847F818" box="[411,540,1928,1954]" italics="true" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">Modisimus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has been largely replaced by other taxa in South America or whether it has colonized South America via
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<collectingCountry id="F356762BFF187AC9FDC8F823F8FBF87C" box="[579,672,1964,1990]" name="Panama" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">Panama</collectingCountry>
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and the Lesser Antilles. The apparent absence of relict species (e.g., in caves and arid regions of
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<collectingCountry id="F356762BFF187AC9FDC0F841F8CFF853" box="[587,660,1998,2025]" name="Brazil" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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) suggests that the second scenario is more likely.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |