555 lines
73 KiB
XML
555 lines
73 KiB
XML
<document id="AFA4451D944C6277D76B5F9A773ADB8D" ID-CLB-Dataset="194432" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5213.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ae2ed5e5-8a85-42d9-86ef-9e558a02512f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7350036" ID-ZooBank="193AA500-8D45-4E18-BB47-339A916BB11E" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1669188402342" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Horowitz, Jeremy, Opresko, Dennis, Molodtsova, Tina N., Beaman, Robin J., Cowman, Peter F. & Bridge, Tom C. L." docDate="2022" docId="03DD87941236FF95A29F25FBACF8FD4B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5213.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5213 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Rhipidipathes helae Horowitz & Opresko & Molodtsova & Beaman & Cowman & Bridge 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="FFE4FFEC123FFF99A208260DAF1DFFBB" masterDocTitle="Five new species of black coral (Anthozoa; Antipatharia) from the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea, Australia" masterLastPageNumber="35" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="10" updateTime="1699412019617" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="823CF38EDD579CB02956B753A681B323">
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<mods:title id="63845DEC88807A0EEA088AB5FD4A57DA">Five new species of black coral (Anthozoa; Antipatharia) from the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea, Australia</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="6E272A37E435914115401C6FE41840B5" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="5420CD366EA3D71A6EA86E46A5776169">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="AB6FF3163E9E89E6D99FE1A6903B00F4">Horowitz, Jeremy</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3B95E7DA604A6049A4615F3B4E570030">Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, 101 Angus Smith Drive, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia. & Biodiversity and Geosciences Program, Museum of Tropical Queensland, Queensland Museum, 70 - 102 Flinders St, Townsville, QLD, 4810, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="96BCA6C86EDE74E0B359B2B0733BAD1E" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="954E6640CBF3F9E6C7F6F3C1D8832AD8">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E8E1FA4E584DC7C90C4C9FAF180F9CA2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="C144BD51F67DD468666300E945A6C2C4">Opresko, Dennis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0F79CC58BDD4EB30D92EB22A65D97A20">Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 10 th St. & Constitution Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20560 USA.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="E88DBE064496197A533FB78E641D1E67" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="089A3C1DB06285D76D96BD4CD6460653">
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<mods:roleTerm id="7C7A110B4C3CD438C7418912AFD33066">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="06DC4C073BB0CC12DC96904823CEBDF3">Molodtsova, Tina N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EBD017B082FDB0EE7335F2A65817097E">P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, 36 Nakhimovsky prt, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="0B60D59DAFABEF4AE2F8D5C7CCE75303">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="8D7E935118CF71C1F6A977E6AACC5849">Beaman, Robin J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E4B1AF95302BDC699DDC6D914C8E01A3">College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="F9BE5D46A7E47E18E3D74F06E3CD7060" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="2AAF5BFE7BFB307798E869CCB551E2FD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="98DE6C4CFC9EF866C58F3485C7A5C5E0">Cowman, Peter F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="ADCEC2B7A32EE9A02A82FE7B2D1217B5">Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, 101 Angus Smith Drive, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia. & Biodiversity and Geosciences Program, Museum of Tropical Queensland, Queensland Museum, 70 - 102 Flinders St, Townsville, QLD, 4810, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="69ECA68044EC1720F8B34D35028D28A7">Bridge, Tom C. L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8F05B571D7D2C894D5B321A5509DD9AC">Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, 101 Angus Smith Drive, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia. & Biodiversity and Geosciences Program, Museum of Tropical Queensland, Queensland Museum, 70 - 102 Flinders St, Townsville, QLD, 4810, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="2A04DF79FCEDFFE436BB30FEB3FD73E5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="9FE3E08C4E3BBC461423EEAE544E0D93">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="7E2AEC6C8F9750DAA8CCC2F2B3BF7453">
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<mods:date id="C97D504184A396B731C0A18DEFEC9336">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D8D8EE3F1D930CD64A065933E4ED4F24">2022-11-23</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="BD3A4F34E6342B396EB7F3133507A1D1">5213</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B33EA531FCE4C3341A10BA7068010762">1</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="E2C570AD708F33F645CE613AE053B40E">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="DBE681B1DA7B86F249FFE4562D1C50F9" type="CLB-Dataset">194432</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2B2AB60AD939B3DFB43C81BD4CCC6C51" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5213.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="83BBE05A4801166EFECACAFBD9495943" type="GBIF-Dataset">ae2ed5e5-8a85-42d9-86ef-9e558a02512f</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D4754076F61E53BDDAC75572C4E4D8AC" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6B2B70512F6F6ED4C7B10DBB116DB503" type="Zenodo-Dep">7350036</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="676E38AA92F5FBA36F61F6C58972D4C4" type="ZooBank">193AA500-8D45-4E18-BB47-339A916BB11E</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03DD87941236FF95A29F25FBACF8FD4B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7350056" ID-GBIF-Taxon="205135210" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7350056" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD87941236FF95A29F25FBACF8FD4B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87941236FF95A29F25FBACF8FD4B" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<subSubSection id="C36E65091236FF90A29F25FBAD74FBAA" box="[151,617,1014,1041]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCB36821236FF90A29F25FBAD74FBAA" blockId="9.[151,764,1014,1077]" box="[151,617,1014,1041]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<heading id="D08381EE1236FF90A29F25FBAD74FBAA" bold="true" box="[151,617,1014,1041]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B900EA901236FF90A29F25FBAD74FBAA" bold="true" box="[151,617,1014,1041]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D011236FF90A29F25FBAD19FBAB" ID-CoL="280d761c-5452-4d75-8f07-3c869cc7d0db" authority="Horowitz" authorityName="Horowitz & Opresko & Molodtsova & Beaman & Cowman & Bridge" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,516,1014,1041]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Rhipidipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="helae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B900EA901236FF90A29F25FBAE9AFBAA" bold="true" box="[151,391,1014,1041]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Rhipidipathes helae</emphasis>
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Horowitz
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23357EB1236FF90A00325FAAD74FBAA" box="[523,617,1015,1041]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C36E65091236FF90A29F2216ADE1FB8E" box="[151,764,1050,1077]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BCB36821236FF90A29F2216ADE1FB8E" blockId="9.[151,764,1014,1077]" box="[151,764,1050,1077]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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(
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<figureCitation id="134F2A071236FF90A2972216AE14FB8E" box="[159,265,1051,1077]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1547,1571]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1968,1992]" captionTargetBox-0="[187,1401,380,1519]" captionTargetBox-1="[213,1408,237,1893]" captionTargetId-0="figure-119@2.[185,1402,378,1520]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@5.[151,1435,179,1942]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Locations where specimens were collected shown on a bathymetric surface map of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. Blue boxes represent specimens hand collected while on SCUBA, and red circles represent specimens collected via a remotely operated vehicle." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of the Antipatharia based on a 50% complete matrix containing 1,047 loci. Taxa in blue and imaged represent species described in this study." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7350038" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7350040" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7350038/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7350040/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs. 1–2</figureCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation id="134F2A071236FF90A3372217AE52FB8E" box="[319,335,1050,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1884,1908]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,486,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-184@10.[201,1386,486,1858]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Rhipidipathes helae sp. nov.: holotype, MTQ G80117, A–E. A, in situ images of colony; B, collected sample; C, branches showing anastomosis; D, sections of branch (left) and terminal branchlet (right) showing curved polypar (left sides of branch and terminal branchlet) and abpolypar (right sides of branch and terminal branchlet) spines; E, skeletal spine showing tubercles; F, Rhipidipathes reticulata (Esper), holotype, SMF 5885, section of terminal branchlet showing straight spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7350048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7350048/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">5</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="C6F603391236FF90A3532216AEA4FB8E" box="[347,441,1051,1077]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="11.[152,244,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison of Rhipidipathes species" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0B660A1234FF92A290269AADBEFF14" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" tableUuid="DF0B660A1234FF92A290269AADBEFF14">Tables 1</tableCitation>
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and Supplementary
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<tableCitation id="C6F603391236FF90A0A82216ADEDFB8E" box="[672,752,1051,1077]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="11.[152,244,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison of Rhipidipathes species" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0B660A1234FF92A290269AADBEFF14" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" tableUuid="DF0B660A1234FF92A290269AADBEFF14">Table 1</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36E65091236FF90A29F226FACF7FB7E" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BCB36821236FF90A29F226FACF7FB7E" blockId="9.[151,1437,1122,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="B900EA901236FF90A29F226FAE9FFBC7" bold="true" box="[151,386,1122,1148]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Material examined:</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B1C3CDF1236FF90A380226EACF7FB7E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3970442304" accessionNumber="G80117" collectingDate="2020-10-05" collectionCode="MTQ" collectorName="Jeremy Horowitz" country="Australia" county="SuBastian" elevation="119" latitude="-18.3865" location="Australia" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="147.6705" municipality="Great Barrier Reef" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectionCode id="ED65AE471236FF90A380226EAEDBFBC6" box="[392,454,1123,1149]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">MTQ</collectionCode>
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G80117,
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<collectingCountry id="F36376121236FF90A039226EAD86FBC6" box="[561,667,1123,1149]" name="Australia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Australia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectorName id="268153541236FF90A0AC226EAC6BFBC6" box="[676,886,1123,1149]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Great Barrier Reef</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName id="268153541236FF90A188226EACE3FBC6" box="[896,1022,1123,1149]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Bowl Slide</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName id="268153541236FF90A601226EAA0BFBC6" box="[1033,1302,1123,1149]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Schmidt Ocean Institute</collectorName>
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<collectionCode id="ED65AE471236FF90A713226EAA33FBC6" box="[1307,1326,1123,1149]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">R</collectionCode>
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||
/
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<collectionCode id="ED65AE471236FF90A73E226EAA57FBC6" box="[1334,1354,1123,1149]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
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<location id="8EAB60591236FF90A758226EAE4FFB1A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD87941236FF95A29F25FBACF8FD4B:8EAB60591236FF90A758226EAE4FFB1A" country="Australia" county="SuBastian" latitude="-18.3865" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="147.6705" municipality="Great Barrier Reef" name="Falkor Northern Depths" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="B900EA901236FF90A758226EAA81FBC6" box="[1360,1436,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Falkor</emphasis>
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||
<location id="8EAB60591236FF90A29F228AAE4FFB1A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD87941236FF95A29F25FBACF8FD4B:8EAB60591236FF90A29F228AAE4FFB1A" box="[151,338,1159,1185]" country="Australia" county="SuBastian" latitude="-18.3865" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="147.6705" municipality="Great Barrier Reef" name="Northern Depths" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Northern Depths</location>
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</location>
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of the
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BAFACF81236FF90A396228AAD70FB1A" box="[414,621,1159,1185]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Great Barrier Reef</collectingMunicipality>
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expedition FK200930,
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<emphasis id="B900EA901236FF90A17D228AAB3EFB1A" box="[885,1059,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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ROV
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<collectingCounty id="62AA4E0E1236FF90A1B9228AAB3EFB1A" box="[945,1059,1159,1185]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">SuBastian</collectingCounty>
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</emphasis>
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dive S0394, collected on
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<date id="FFCA10421236FF90A74A228AAFF3FB7E" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2020-10-05">
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<collectingDate id="EF8EE9AA1236FF90A74A228AAFF3FB7E" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2020-10-05">October 5, 2020</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE4050451236FF90A2F122A7AE6AFB7E" box="[249,375,1194,1221]" degrees="18.3865" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="5" value="-18.3865">18.3865° S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE4050451236FF90A38C22A7AD0FFB7E" box="[388,530,1194,1221]" degrees="147.6705" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="5" value="147.6705">147.6705° E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<elevation id="0059D1B11236FF90A01622A6ADB1FB7E" box="[542,684,1195,1221]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.19" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="119.0">
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<quantity id="4C8C9B671236FF90A01622A6AD79FB7E" box="[542,612,1195,1221]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.19" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="119.0">119 m</quantity>
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depth
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</elevation>
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, collector
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<collectorName id="268153541236FF90A12822A6ACF7FB7E" box="[800,1002,1195,1221]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Jeremy Horowitz.</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36E65091236FF90A2CF22C3AA23FA7A" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BCB36821236FF90A2CF22C3AA23FA7A" blockId="9.[151,1437,1122,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="B900EA901236FF90A2CF22C3AE59FB53" bold="true" box="[199,324,1230,1256]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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Corallum flabellate, branched; branches and branchlets extensively anastomosing. Terminal branchlets 0.5 to
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C9B671236FF90A35422FEAE89FAB6" box="[348,404,1267,1293]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
|
||
in length and
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C9B671236FF90A03222FEAD82FAB6" box="[570,671,1267,1293]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="0.08">0.08 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, arranged bilaterally, are irregularly alternate, opposite, or subopposite, and slightly protrude from the colony plane. Spines on branches perpendicular or distally inclined. Circumpolypar spines 0.23 to
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C9B671236FF90A3FD2336AD46FAEE" box="[501,603,1339,1365]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="0.29">0.29 mm</quantity>
|
||
tall and hypostomal and interpolypar spines maximum of
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C9B671236FF90A70A2336AA75FAEE" box="[1282,1384,1339,1365]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="0.11">0.11 mm</quantity>
|
||
tall. Spines on terminal branchlets are distinctly curved apically and rarely basally. Five to six axial rows of spines can be counted in one view. Surface of spines extensively tuberculated, especially from about the midpoint to the apex. Polyps roundish,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C9B671236FF90A35223AAAEADFA7A" box="[346,432,1447,1473]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
in transverse diameter. Interpolypar space 0.1 to
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C9B671236FF90A1D023AAAB2DFA7A" box="[984,1072,1447,1473]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, with 10 polyps per cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36E65091236FF95A2CF23C7AFFEFD3F" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB36821236FF90A2CF23C7AB1AF8BE" blockId="9.[151,1437,1122,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA901236FF90A2CF23C7AEF5FA5E" bold="true" box="[199,488,1482,1509]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CF88201236FF90A37023C6AEFEFA5E" box="[376,483,1483,1509]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Colony flabellate and about
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C9B671236FF90A13823C6AC6BFA5E" box="[816,886,1483,1509]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
|
||
wide and
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C9B671236FF90A1E423C6AB2FFA5E" box="[1004,1074,1483,1509]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
|
||
high based on estimations from
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA901236FF90A29F23E2AFC6F9B3" box="[151,219,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
images (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A071236FF90A34823E2AEDBF9B2" box="[320,454,1518,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1884,1908]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,486,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-184@10.[201,1386,486,1858]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Rhipidipathes helae sp. nov.: holotype, MTQ G80117, A–E. A, in situ images of colony; B, collected sample; C, branches showing anastomosis; D, sections of branch (left) and terminal branchlet (right) showing curved polypar (left sides of branch and terminal branchlet) and abpolypar (right sides of branch and terminal branchlet) spines; E, skeletal spine showing tubercles; F, Rhipidipathes reticulata (Esper), holotype, SMF 5885, section of terminal branchlet showing straight spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7350048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7350048/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs. 5A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Collected sample about
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C9B671236FF90A0EC23E2AC06F9B2" box="[740,795,1519,1545]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="cm" value="7.0">7 cm</quantity>
|
||
wide and
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C9B671236FF90A18523E2ACDEF9B2" box="[909,963,1519,1545]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="cm" value="9.0">9 cm</quantity>
|
||
tall. Longest branches are ~
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C9B671236FF90A6F623E2AA2EF9B2" box="[1278,1331,1519,1545]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="cm" value="8.0">8 cm</quantity>
|
||
in length and have
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C9B671236FF90A30D201EAE4FF996" box="[261,338,1555,1581]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="cm" value="0.1">0.1 cm</quantity>
|
||
basal diameter. Terminal branchlets are 0.5 to
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C9B671236FF90A16E201EAC83F996" box="[870,926,1555,1581]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
|
||
in length, arranged bilaterally, and are either irregularly alternate, opposite, or subopposite. Branchlets often not strictly bilateral but slightly protrude from the general plane of the colony forming ~120° interior angles. Most terminal branchlets form ~80° distal angles and are slightly curved distally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A071236FF90A3DA2072AD36F922" box="[466,555,1662,1689]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1884,1908]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,486,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-184@10.[201,1386,486,1858]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Rhipidipathes helae sp. nov.: holotype, MTQ G80117, A–E. A, in situ images of colony; B, collected sample; C, branches showing anastomosis; D, sections of branch (left) and terminal branchlet (right) showing curved polypar (left sides of branch and terminal branchlet) and abpolypar (right sides of branch and terminal branchlet) spines; E, skeletal spine showing tubercles; F, Rhipidipathes reticulata (Esper), holotype, SMF 5885, section of terminal branchlet showing straight spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7350048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7350048/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
). There is extensive fusing among branches and terminal branchlets (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A071236FF90A73E2072AA8DF922" box="[1334,1424,1662,1689]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1884,1908]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,486,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-184@10.[201,1386,486,1858]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Rhipidipathes helae sp. nov.: holotype, MTQ G80117, A–E. A, in situ images of colony; B, collected sample; C, branches showing anastomosis; D, sections of branch (left) and terminal branchlet (right) showing curved polypar (left sides of branch and terminal branchlet) and abpolypar (right sides of branch and terminal branchlet) spines; E, skeletal spine showing tubercles; F, Rhipidipathes reticulata (Esper), holotype, SMF 5885, section of terminal branchlet showing straight spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7350048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7350048/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Four anastomosing branches/branchlets can be counted in a
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C9B671236FF90A14A20AFAC67F906" box="[834,890,1698,1725]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
|
||
<superScript id="7C019BCA1236FF90A17320AFAC9EF90B" attach="left" box="[891,899,1698,1712]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">2</superScript>
|
||
fragment of a colony. Terminal branchlet basal diameter is
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C9B671236FF90A32920CAAE96F95A" box="[289,395,1735,1761]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="0.08">0.08 mm</quantity>
|
||
, distance between neighboring terminal branchlets ranges from
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C9B671236FF90A67D20CAABE8F95A" box="[1141,1269,1735,1761]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1 to 3 mm</quantity>
|
||
, and about 10 branchlets can be counted per cm of a branch, counting branches in both rows.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB36821236FF93A2CF2102ADA8FE6A" blockId="9.[151,1437,1122,2013]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,150,465]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
On a branch
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C9B671236FF90A3542102AEAEF892" box="[348,435,1807,1833]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
thick, polypar spines are anisomorphic with circumpolypar spines ranging from 0.23 to
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C9B671236FF90A29F213EAFE6F8F6" box="[151,251,1843,1869]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="0.29">0.29 mm</quantity>
|
||
tall and hypostomal and interpolypar spines reduced to
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C9B671236FF90A166213EACC9F8F6" box="[878,980,1843,1869]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="0.11">0.11 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Abpolypar spines are uniform in height, ranging from 0.13 to
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C9B671236FF90A387215BAEE8F8CA" box="[399,501,1878,1905]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="0.15">0.15 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A071236FF90A00E215AAD7FF8CA" box="[518,610,1878,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1884,1908]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,486,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-184@10.[201,1386,486,1858]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Rhipidipathes helae sp. nov.: holotype, MTQ G80117, A–E. A, in situ images of colony; B, collected sample; C, branches showing anastomosis; D, sections of branch (left) and terminal branchlet (right) showing curved polypar (left sides of branch and terminal branchlet) and abpolypar (right sides of branch and terminal branchlet) spines; E, skeletal spine showing tubercles; F, Rhipidipathes reticulata (Esper), holotype, SMF 5885, section of terminal branchlet showing straight spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7350048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7350048/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Polypar spines on branches are positioned mostly perpendicular to the axis or slightly distally inclined and abpolypar spines are more distally directed than polypar spines, creating ~45° distal angles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A071236FF90A33D2192AEA6F802" box="[309,443,1950,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1884,1908]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,486,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-184@10.[201,1386,486,1858]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Rhipidipathes helae sp. nov.: holotype, MTQ G80117, A–E. A, in situ images of colony; B, collected sample; C, branches showing anastomosis; D, sections of branch (left) and terminal branchlet (right) showing curved polypar (left sides of branch and terminal branchlet) and abpolypar (right sides of branch and terminal branchlet) spines; E, skeletal spine showing tubercles; F, Rhipidipathes reticulata (Esper), holotype, SMF 5885, section of terminal branchlet showing straight spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7350048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7350048/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs. 5D–E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Six to 10 conical and apically directed tubercles can be counted in lateral view of the polypar spines, including those on the edges (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A071236FF90A09621CEADEEF866" box="[670,755,1986,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1884,1908]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,486,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-184@10.[201,1386,486,1858]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Rhipidipathes helae sp. nov.: holotype, MTQ G80117, A–E. A, in situ images of colony; B, collected sample; C, branches showing anastomosis; D, sections of branch (left) and terminal branchlet (right) showing curved polypar (left sides of branch and terminal branchlet) and abpolypar (right sides of branch and terminal branchlet) spines; E, skeletal spine showing tubercles; F, Rhipidipathes reticulata (Esper), holotype, SMF 5885, section of terminal branchlet showing straight spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7350048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7350048/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
|
||
) and three to six tubercles can be counted in lateral view of abpolypar spines, with the proximal surface of all spines being mostly smooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A071235FF93A638269AABA4FF0A" box="[1072,1209,150,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1884,1908]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,486,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-184@10.[201,1386,486,1858]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Rhipidipathes helae sp. nov.: holotype, MTQ G80117, A–E. A, in situ images of colony; B, collected sample; C, branches showing anastomosis; D, sections of branch (left) and terminal branchlet (right) showing curved polypar (left sides of branch and terminal branchlet) and abpolypar (right sides of branch and terminal branchlet) spines; E, skeletal spine showing tubercles; F, Rhipidipathes reticulata (Esper), holotype, SMF 5885, section of terminal branchlet showing straight spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7350048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7350048/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs. 5C–D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tubercles become elongated and strongly appressed to the surface of the spine as they increase in size, reaching a maximum size of
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C9B671235FF93A29F26D2AFE6FF42" box="[151,251,223,249]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="0.03">0.03 mm</quantity>
|
||
(measuring the distance from the base of the tubercle to the apex of the tubercle). Tip of largest tubercles up to
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C9B671235FF93A2DC270EAE58FEA6" box="[212,325,259,285]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="0.004">0.004 mm</quantity>
|
||
above the spine surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A071235FF93A052270EADB2FEA6" box="[602,687,258,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1884,1908]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,486,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-184@10.[201,1386,486,1858]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Rhipidipathes helae sp. nov.: holotype, MTQ G80117, A–E. A, in situ images of colony; B, collected sample; C, branches showing anastomosis; D, sections of branch (left) and terminal branchlet (right) showing curved polypar (left sides of branch and terminal branchlet) and abpolypar (right sides of branch and terminal branchlet) spines; E, skeletal spine showing tubercles; F, Rhipidipathes reticulata (Esper), holotype, SMF 5885, section of terminal branchlet showing straight spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7350048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7350048/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
|
||
). On thin branchlets (
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C9B671235FF93A194270EAB7DFEA6" box="[924,1120,258,285]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.75" metricValueMax="9.5" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="0.0875" valueMax="0.095" valueMin="0.08">0.08 to 0.095 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter), circumpolypar spines are
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C9B671235FF93A305272AAE6DFEFA" box="[269,368,295,321]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="0.13">0.13 mm</quantity>
|
||
tall, oriented perpendicular to the axis, and are distinctly curved upward (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A071235FF93A6A0272AAA1CFEFA" box="[1192,1281,294,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1884,1908]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,486,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-184@10.[201,1386,486,1858]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Rhipidipathes helae sp. nov.: holotype, MTQ G80117, A–E. A, in situ images of colony; B, collected sample; C, branches showing anastomosis; D, sections of branch (left) and terminal branchlet (right) showing curved polypar (left sides of branch and terminal branchlet) and abpolypar (right sides of branch and terminal branchlet) spines; E, skeletal spine showing tubercles; F, Rhipidipathes reticulata (Esper), holotype, SMF 5885, section of terminal branchlet showing straight spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7350048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7350048/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
|
||
, right image). On thin branchlets abpolypar spines are
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C9B671235FF93A05F2746ADA4FEDE" box="[599,697,331,357]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="0.11">0.11 mm</quantity>
|
||
tall, distally directed and are curved upward. On thin branchlets, a maximum of three tubercles can be counted in one lateral view of the surface of polypar and abpolypar spines, with the proximal surface of all spines being mostly smooth. On branches and terminal branchlets, five to six uneven axial rows of spines can be counted in one view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0B660A1235FF93A29F2151AA75F85B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7350048" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7350048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7350048/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[151,250,1884,1908]" targetBox="[201,1386,486,1858]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB36821235FF93A29F2151AA75F85B" blockId="10.[151,1436,1884,2016]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA901235FF93A29F2151AE09F8CF" bold="true" box="[151,276,1884,1908]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D011235FF93A3132151AEFBF8CF" authority="Horowitz & Opresko & Molodtsova & Beaman & Cowman & Bridge, 2022" authorityName="Horowitz & Opresko & Molodtsova & Beaman & Cowman & Bridge" authorityYear="2022" box="[283,486,1884,1908]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Rhipidipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="helae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA901235FF93A3132151AEFBF8CF" box="[283,486,1884,1908]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Rhipidipathes helae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA901235FF93A3E52151AD23F8CF" bold="true" box="[493,574,1884,1908]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23357EB1235FF93A3E52151AD23F8CF" box="[493,574,1884,1908]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: holotype, MTQ G80117, A–E. A,
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA901235FF93A1A12150ACF4F8CF" box="[937,1001,1885,1908]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
images of colony; B, collected sample; C, branches showing anastomosis; D, sections of branch (left) and terminal branchlet (right) showing curved polypar (left sides of branch and terminal branchlet) and abpolypar (right sides of branch and terminal branchlet) spines; E, skeletal spine showing tubercles; F,
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA901235FF93A31121C5AD7BF85B" box="[281,614,1992,2016]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D011235FF93A31121C5AD7FF85B" authority="(Esper)" baseAuthorityName="Esper" baseAuthorityYear="1795" box="[281,610,1992,2016]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Rhipidipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="reticulata">Rhipidipathes reticulata (Esper)</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
holotype, SMF 5885, section of terminal branchlet showing straight spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0B660A1234FF92A290269AADBEFF14" ID-Table-UUID="DF0B660A1234FF92A290269AADBEFF14" box="[152,675,151,175]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0B660A1234FF92A290269AADBEFF14" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[152,244,151,175]" targetBox="[163,1389,191,1816]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB36821234FF92A290269AADBEFF14" blockId="11.[152,675,151,175]" box="[152,675,151,175]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA901234FF92A290269AAE12FF14" bold="true" box="[152,271,151,175]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Comparison of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D011234FF92A3B4269AADBEFF14" box="[444,675,151,175]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA901234FF92A3B4269AAD4DFF14" box="[444,592,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Rhipidipathes</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB36821234FF92A2AB26B2ABB8F8A3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<table id="F974C42212340066A2AB26B2AA70F8A3" box="[163,1389,191,1816]" gridcols="4" gridrows="27" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<tr id="354434C012340066A2AB26B2AA70FE8B" box="[163,1389,191,304]" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="76955DBC12340066A2AB26B2AD24FE8B" box="[163,569,191,304]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA901234FF92A2AB26B2AD0CFF6C" bold="true" box="[163,529,191,215]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Species and associated references:</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76955DBC12340066A05226B2AC30FE8B" box="[602,813,191,304]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D011234FF92A05226CDAD88FE8B" authority="(Opresko & Sanchez 1997)" baseAuthorityName="Opresko & Sanchez" baseAuthorityYear="1997" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Rhipidipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="colombiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA901234FF92A05226CDADCFFF4E" box="[602,743,192,245]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Rhipidipathes colombiana</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B731234FF92A06926F7AD93FE8B" author="Opresko, D. M. & Sanchez, J. A." pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="75 - 81" refId="ref14282" refString="Opresko, D. M. & Sanchez, J. A. (1997) A new species of antipatharian coral (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from the Caribbean Coast of Colombia. Caribbean Journal of Science, 33, 75 - 81." type="journal article" year="1997">Opresko & Sánchez 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76955DBC12340066A15426B2AB49FE8B" box="[860,1108,191,304]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D011234FF92A15426CDACA3FF4E" baseAuthorityName="Esper" baseAuthorityYear="1795" box="[860,1001,192,245]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Rhipidipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="reticulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA901234FF92A15426CDACA3FF4E" box="[860,1001,192,245]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Rhipidipathes reticulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B731234FF92A16B26F6ACC7FEA9" author="Esper, E. J. C." box="[867,986,250,275]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref12664" refString="Esper, E. J. C. (1795) Die Pflanzenthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Farben erleuchtet nebst Beschreibungen. in der Raspischen Buchhandlung, Nurnberg, 303 pp." type="book" year="1795">Esper 1795</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B731234FF92A1EC26F7AB07FE8B" author="Opresko, D. M. & Baron-Szabo, R. C." pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 21" refId="ref14146" refString="Opresko, D. M. & Baron-Szabo, R. C. (2001) Re-descriptions of the antipatharian corals described by E. J. C. Esper with selected English translations of the original German text. Senckenbergiana biologica, 81, 1 - 21." type="journal article" year="2001">Opresko & Baron-Szabo 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76955DBC12340066A67226B2AA70FE8B" box="[1146,1389,191,304]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D011234FF92A67226CDAA59FF63" authority="Horowitz & Opresko & Molodtsova & Beaman & Cowman & Bridge, 2022" authorityName="Horowitz & Opresko & Molodtsova & Beaman & Cowman & Bridge" authorityYear="2022" box="[1146,1348,192,216]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Rhipidipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="helae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA901234FF92A67226CDAA59FF63" box="[1146,1348,192,216]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Rhipidipathes helae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA901234FF92A74226CDABB8FF4E" bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23357EB1234FF92A74226CDABB8FF4E" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
G80117
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354434C012340066A2AB274EAA70FE38" box="[163,1389,323,387]" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="76955DBC12340066A2AB274EAD24FE38" box="[163,569,323,387]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA901234FF92A2AB274EAFEEFEE0" bold="true" box="[163,243,323,347]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Branch</emphasis>
|
||
Longest branch (cm)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A052274EAC30FE38" box="[602,813,323,387]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">7</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A154274EAB49FE38" box="[860,1108,323,387]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">~10</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A672274EAA70FE38" box="[1146,1389,323,387]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354434C012340066A2AB2797AA70FE09" box="[163,1389,410,434]" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="76955DBC12340066A2AB2797AD24FE09" box="[163,569,410,434]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Basal diameter of longest branch (cm)</th>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A0522797AC30FE09" box="[602,813,410,434]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">> 0.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A1542797AB49FE09" box="[860,1108,410,434]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">~0.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A6722797AA70FE09" box="[1146,1389,410,434]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">0.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354434C012340066A2AB27DCAA70FDBD" box="[163,1389,465,518]" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="76955DBC12340066A2AB27DCAD24FDBD" box="[163,569,465,518]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Arrangement of terminal branches</th>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A05227DCAC30FDBD" box="[602,813,465,518]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Bilateral, irregularly alternate</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A15427DCAB49FDBD" box="[860,1108,465,518]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Bilateral, irregularly alternate</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A67227DCAA70FDBD" box="[1146,1389,465,518]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Bilateral, irregularly alternate</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354434C012340066A2AB2410AA70FD8E" box="[163,1389,541,565]" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="76955DBC12340066A2AB2410AD24FD8E" box="[163,569,541,565]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Distal angle of branches</th>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A0522410AC30FD8E" box="[602,813,541,565]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">60 to 80°</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A1542410AB49FD8E" box="[860,1108,541,565]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">90 to 80°</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A6722410AA70FD8E" box="[1146,1389,541,565]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">80°</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354434C012340066A2AB2441AA70FDDE" box="[163,1389,588,613]" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="76955DBC12340066A2AB2441AD24FDDE" box="[163,569,588,613]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Terminal branchlet length (cm)</th>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A0522441AC30FDDE" box="[602,813,588,613]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">0.6 to 0.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A1542441AB49FDDE" box="[860,1108,588,613]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">0.5 to 0.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A6722441AA70FDDE" box="[1146,1389,588,613]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">0.5 to 1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354434C012340066A2AB2488AA70FD25" box="[163,1389,645,670]" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="76955DBC12340066A2AB2488AD24FD25" box="[163,569,645,670]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Branchlet density (per cm)</th>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A0522488AC30FD25" box="[602,813,645,670]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">8 to 10</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A1542488AB49FD25" box="[860,1108,645,670]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">10</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A6722488AA70FD25" box="[1146,1389,645,670]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">10</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354434C012340066A2AB24B0AA70FD48" box="[163,1389,701,755]" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="76955DBC12340066A2AB24B0AD24FD48" box="[163,569,701,755]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Relative amount of anastomosing branchlets</th>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A05224B0AC30FD48" box="[602,813,701,755]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Limited</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A15424B0AB49FD48" box="[860,1108,701,755]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Extensive</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A67224B0AA70FD48" box="[1146,1389,701,755]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Extensive</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354434C012340066A2AB250EAA70FCA0" box="[163,1389,771,795]" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="76955DBC12340066A2AB250EAD24FCA0" box="[163,569,771,795]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Basal diameter terminal branchlet (mm)</th>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A052250EAC30FCA0" box="[602,813,771,795]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">0.08 to 0.14</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A154250EAB49FCA0" box="[860,1108,771,795]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">0.22</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A672250EAA70FCA0" box="[1146,1389,771,795]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">0.08</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354434C012340066A2AB254DAA70FCE3" box="[163,1389,832,856]" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="76955DBC12340066A2AB254DAA70FCE3" box="[163,1389,832,856]" colspan="4" colspanRight="3" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA901234FF92A2AB254DAD1EFCE3" bold="true" box="[163,515,832,856]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Spines (on branch 0.2 mm thick)</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354434C012340066A2AB2578AA70FC36" box="[163,1389,885,909]" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="76955DBC12340066A2AB2578AD24FC36" box="[163,569,885,909]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Circumpolypar spine height (mm)</th>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A0522578AC30FC36" box="[602,813,885,909]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Up to 0.27</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A1542578AB49FC36" box="[860,1108,885,909]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Up to 0.35</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A6722578AA70FC36" box="[1146,1389,885,909]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Up to 0.29</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354434C012340066A2AB25A3AA70FC5F" box="[163,1389,942,996]" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="76955DBC12340066A2AB25A3AD24FC5F" box="[163,569,942,996]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Hypostomal and interpolypar spines heights (mm)</th>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A05225A3AC30FC5F" box="[602,813,942,996]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Minimally reduced</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A15425A3AB49FC5F" box="[860,1108,942,996]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Can be reduced from 0.03 to 0.04</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A67225A3AA70FC5F" box="[1146,1389,942,996]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Can be reduced to 0.11</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354434C012340066A2AB25F6AA70FBA8" box="[163,1389,1019,1043]" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="76955DBC12340066A2AB25F6AD24FBA8" box="[163,569,1019,1043]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Abpolypar spine height (mm)</th>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A05225F6AC30FBA8" box="[602,813,1019,1043]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">0.1 to 0.11</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A15425F6AB49FBA8" box="[860,1108,1019,1043]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">0.11 to 0.14</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A67225F6AA70FBA8" box="[1146,1389,1019,1043]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">0.13 to 0.15</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354434C012340066A2AB2223AA70FBFC" box="[163,1389,1070,1095]" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="76955DBC12340066A2AB2223AD24FBFC" box="[163,569,1070,1095]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Polypar spine distal angle</th>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A0522223AC30FBFC" box="[602,813,1070,1095]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">85</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A1542223AB49FBFC" box="[860,1108,1070,1095]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">90 to 85</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A6722223AA70FBFC" box="[1146,1389,1070,1095]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">90 to 85</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354434C012340066A2AB2269AA70FBC6" box="[163,1389,1124,1149]" gridrow="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="76955DBC12340066A2AB2269AD24FBC6" box="[163,569,1124,1149]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Abpolypar spine distal angle</th>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A0522269AC30FBC6" box="[602,813,1124,1149]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">45°</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A1542269AB49FBC6" box="[860,1108,1124,1149]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">100 to 75°</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A6722269AA70FBC6" box="[1146,1389,1124,1149]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">45°</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354434C012340066A2AB2296AA70FB6A" box="[163,1389,1179,1233]" gridrow="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="76955DBC12340066A2AB2296AD24FB6A" box="[163,569,1179,1233]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Number of tubercles in one view of polypar spine</th>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A0522296AC30FB6A" box="[602,813,1179,1233]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A1542296AB49FB6A" box="[860,1108,1179,1233]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">3 to 7</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A6722296AA70FB6A" box="[1146,1389,1179,1233]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">6 to 10</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354434C012340066A2AB22ECAA70FB42" box="[163,1389,1249,1273]" gridrow="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="76955DBC12340066A2AB22ECAD24FB42" box="[163,569,1249,1273]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tubercles present on bottom of spine?</th>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A05222ECAC30FB42" box="[602,813,1249,1273]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">No</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A15422ECAB49FB42" box="[860,1108,1249,1273]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Diminished to none</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A67222ECAA70FB42" box="[1146,1389,1249,1273]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Diminished to none</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354434C012340066A2AB2317AA70FA89" box="[163,1389,1306,1330]" gridrow="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="76955DBC12340066A2AB2317AD24FA89" box="[163,569,1306,1330]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tubercles present on abpolypar spines?</th>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A0522317AC30FA89" box="[602,813,1306,1330]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">No</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A1542317AB49FA89" box="[860,1108,1306,1330]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Yes</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A6722317AA70FA89" box="[1146,1389,1306,1330]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Yes</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354434C012340066A2AB235CAA70FAD2" box="[163,1389,1361,1385]" gridrow="18" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="76955DBC12340066A2AB235CAD24FAD2" box="[163,569,1361,1385]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tubercle length, tip to base (mm)</th>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A052235CAC30FAD2" box="[602,813,1361,1385]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Unknown</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A154235CAB49FAD2" box="[860,1108,1361,1385]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">~0.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A672235CAA70FAD2" box="[1146,1389,1361,1385]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">0.03</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354434C012340066A2AB2372AA70FA0F" box="[163,1389,1407,1460]" gridrow="19" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="76955DBC12340066A2AB2372AD24FA0F" box="[163,569,1407,1460]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tubercle distance of tip to spine surface (mm)</th>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A0522372AC30FA0F" box="[602,813,1407,1460]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Unknown</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A1542372AB49FA0F" box="[860,1108,1407,1460]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Unknown</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A6722372AA70FA0F" box="[1146,1389,1407,1460]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">0.004</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354434C012340066A2AB23C5AA70FA5B" box="[163,1389,1480,1504]" gridrow="20" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="76955DBC12340066A2AB23C5AD24FA5B" box="[163,569,1480,1504]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Spine orientation on terminal branchlets</th>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A05223C5AC30FA5B" box="[602,813,1480,1504]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Spines straight</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A15423C5AB49FA5B" box="[860,1108,1480,1504]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Spines straight</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A67223C5AA70FA5B" box="[1146,1389,1480,1504]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Spines curved distinctly</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354434C012340066A2AB23F6AA70F9AF" box="[163,1389,1531,1556]" gridrow="21" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="76955DBC12340066A2AB23F6AD24F9AF" box="[163,569,1531,1556]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Spine rows in one view</th>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A05223F6AC30F9AF" box="[602,813,1531,1556]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">4 to 5</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A15423F6AB49F9AF" box="[860,1108,1531,1556]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">4 to 6</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A67223F6AA70F9AF" box="[1146,1389,1531,1556]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">5 to 6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354434C012340066A2AB2021AA70F9FF" box="[163,1389,1580,1604]" gridrow="22" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="76955DBC12340066A2AB2021AA70F9FF" box="[163,1389,1580,1604]" colspan="4" colspanRight="3" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA901234FF92A2AB2021AFFCF9FF" bold="true" box="[163,225,1580,1604]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Polyp</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354434C012340066A2AB206DAA70F9C3" box="[163,1389,1632,1656]" gridrow="23" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="76955DBC12340066A2AB206DAD24F9C3" box="[163,569,1632,1656]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Shape</th>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A052206DAC30F9C3" box="[602,813,1632,1656]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Slightly elongate</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A154206DAB49F9C3" box="[860,1108,1632,1656]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Unknown</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A672206DAA70F9C3" box="[1146,1389,1632,1656]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Roundish</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354434C012340066A2AB209FAA70F911" box="[163,1389,1682,1706]" gridrow="24" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="76955DBC12340066A2AB209FAD24F911" box="[163,569,1682,1706]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Transverse diameter of polyp (mm)</th>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A052209FAC30F911" box="[602,813,1682,1706]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">0.5 to 0.65</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A154209FAB49F911" box="[860,1108,1682,1706]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">0.63</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A672209FAA70F911" box="[1146,1389,1682,1706]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">0.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354434C012340066A2AB20C6AA70F958" box="[163,1389,1739,1763]" gridrow="25" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="76955DBC12340066A2AB20C6AD24F958" box="[163,569,1739,1763]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Polyp density (per cm)</th>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A05220C6AC30F958" box="[602,813,1739,1763]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">9 to 10</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A15420C6AB49F958" box="[860,1108,1739,1763]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">10 to 11</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A67220C6AA70F958" box="[1146,1389,1739,1763]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">10</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354434C012340066A2AB210DAA70F8A3" box="[163,1389,1792,1816]" gridrow="26" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76955DBC12340066A2AB210DAD24F8A3" box="[163,569,1792,1816]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tentacle length (mm)</th>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A052210DAC30F8A3" box="[602,813,1792,1816]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">0.2 to 0.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DBC12340066A672210DAA70F8A3" box="[1146,1389,1792,1816]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">0.15</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB36821234FF92A2CF214AADA5F84A" blockId="11.[151,1437,1863,2034]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Polyps are pink, roundish with equally developed tentacles, and sagittal tentacles positioned slightly lower than lateral tentacles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A071234FF92A35F2166AEADF83D" box="[343,432,1899,1926]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1884,1908]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,486,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-184@10.[201,1386,486,1858]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Rhipidipathes helae sp. nov.: holotype, MTQ G80117, A–E. A, in situ images of colony; B, collected sample; C, branches showing anastomosis; D, sections of branch (left) and terminal branchlet (right) showing curved polypar (left sides of branch and terminal branchlet) and abpolypar (right sides of branch and terminal branchlet) spines; E, skeletal spine showing tubercles; F, Rhipidipathes reticulata (Esper), holotype, SMF 5885, section of terminal branchlet showing straight spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7350048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7350048/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
). On terminal branchlets and branches, polyps occur in one row; however, polyps can be arranged in several rows along thicker branches near the base of the colony. Polyps are ~
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C9B671234FF92A68C219DABC1F811" box="[1156,1244,1936,1962]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
in the transverse diameter and spaced 0.1 to
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C9B671234FF92A3D921B9AD34F875" box="[465,553,1972,1998]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
apart, resulting in 10 polyps per cm. Tentacles are approximated from
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA901234FF92A75D21B9AA81F876" box="[1365,1436,1972,1997]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
images to be
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C9B671234FF92A32421DAAE8DF849" box="[300,400,2007,2034]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="0.15">0.15 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length, when extended.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB36821233FF95A2CF269BAFFEFD3F" blockId="12.[151,1437,150,753]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA901233FF95A2CF269BAEFCFF0B" bold="true" box="[199,481,150,176]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Comparative diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
This is the third nominal species in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D011233FF95A1ED269BAB9CFF0B" authorityName="Milne-Edwards & Haime" authorityYear="1857" box="[997,1153,150,176]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Rhipidipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA901233FF95A1ED269BAB9CFF0B" box="[997,1153,150,176]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Rhipidipathes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D011233FF95A686269BAE36FF6E" authority="(Esper 1795)" baseAuthorityName="Esper" baseAuthorityYear="1795" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Rhipidipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="reticulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA901233FF95A686269BAA81FF0B" box="[1166,1436,150,176]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Rhipidipathes reticulata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B731233FF95A29726B7AE3EFF6E" author="Esper, E. J. C." box="[159,291,186,213]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref12664" refString="Esper, E. J. C. (1795) Die Pflanzenthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Farben erleuchtet nebst Beschreibungen. in der Raspischen Buchhandlung, Nurnberg, 303 pp." type="book" year="1795">Esper 1795</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D011233FF95A36F26B7ACC9FF6F" authority="(Opresko & Sanchez 1997)" baseAuthorityName="Opresko & Sanchez" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[359,980,186,212]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Rhipidipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="colombiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA901233FF95A36F26B7AD8CFF6F" box="[359,657,186,212]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Rhipidipathes colombiana</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B731233FF95A0AA26B7ACD1FF6F" author="Opresko, D. M. & Sanchez, J. A." box="[674,972,186,212]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="75 - 81" refId="ref14282" refString="Opresko, D. M. & Sanchez, J. A. (1997) A new species of antipatharian coral (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from the Caribbean Coast of Colombia. Caribbean Journal of Science, 33, 75 - 81." type="journal article" year="1997">Opresko & Sánchez 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are similar in most features (See
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6F603391233FF95A75626B7AFB8FF43" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="11.[152,244,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison of Rhipidipathes species" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0B660A1234FF92A290269AADBEFF14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" tableUuid="DF0B660A1234FF92A290269AADBEFF14">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
for comparison of three species); however,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D011233FF95A0B826D2AC45FF43" baseAuthorityName="Opresko & Sanchez" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[688,856,222,248]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Rhipidipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="colombiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA901233FF95A0B826D2AC45FF43" box="[688,856,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">R. colombiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has limited anastomosing branchlets, hypostomal spines that are only minimally reduced in size, and spines with almost no tubercles while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D011233FF95A686270EAA07FEA7" baseAuthorityName="Esper" baseAuthorityYear="1795" box="[1166,1306,258,284]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Rhipidipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="reticulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA901233FF95A686270EAA07FEA7" box="[1166,1306,258,284]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">R. reticulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has greater anastomosing branchlets, reduced hypostomal spines, and possesses tubercles on polypar spines. The new species is morphologically and phylogenetically most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D011233FF95A12A2746ACADFEDF" baseAuthorityName="Esper" baseAuthorityYear="1795" box="[802,944,330,356]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Rhipidipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="reticulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA901233FF95A12A2746ACADFEDF" box="[802,944,330,356]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">R. reticulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having highly anastomosing branchlets and terminal branches, reduced hypostomal spines and clear presence of tubercles on spines. The new species is different from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D011233FF95A335279EAED4FE17" baseAuthorityName="Esper" baseAuthorityYear="1795" box="[317,457,402,428]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Rhipidipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="reticulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA901233FF95A335279EAED4FE17" box="[317,457,402,428]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">R. reticulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having thinner terminal branchlets (0.08 vs
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C9B671233FF95A1E9279FAB5BFE16" box="[993,1094,402,429]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="0.22">0.22 mm</quantity>
|
||
in the type) and has spines on terminal branchlets that are distinctly curved, mostly upward but sometimes downward, not found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D011233FF95A70227BAAA88FE6B" baseAuthorityName="Esper" baseAuthorityYear="1795" box="[1290,1429,438,464]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Rhipidipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="reticulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA901233FF95A70227BAAA88FE6B" box="[1290,1429,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">R. reticulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. See comparison of spines on a terminal branchlet between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D011233FF95A13C27D6AC8FFE4F" authority="Horowitz & Opresko & Molodtsova & Beaman & Cowman & Bridge, 2022" authorityName="Horowitz & Opresko & Molodtsova & Beaman & Cowman & Bridge" authorityYear="2022" box="[820,914,474,500]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Rhipidipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="helae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA901233FF95A13C27D6AC8FFE4F" box="[820,914,474,500]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">R. helae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA901233FF95A19227D7ACE9FE4F" bold="true" box="[922,1012,474,500]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23357EB1233FF95A19227D7ACE9FE4F" box="[922,1012,474,500]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A071233FF95A60D27D7AB42FE4E" box="[1029,1119,474,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1884,1908]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,486,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-184@10.[201,1386,486,1858]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Rhipidipathes helae sp. nov.: holotype, MTQ G80117, A–E. A, in situ images of colony; B, collected sample; C, branches showing anastomosis; D, sections of branch (left) and terminal branchlet (right) showing curved polypar (left sides of branch and terminal branchlet) and abpolypar (right sides of branch and terminal branchlet) spines; E, skeletal spine showing tubercles; F, Rhipidipathes reticulata (Esper), holotype, SMF 5885, section of terminal branchlet showing straight spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7350048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7350048/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
|
||
, right image) that possesses upward curved spines and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D011233FF95A3C727F2AD43FDA3" baseAuthorityName="Esper" baseAuthorityYear="1795" box="[463,606,510,536]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Rhipidipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="reticulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA901233FF95A3C727F2AD43FDA3" box="[463,606,510,536]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">R. reticulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CF88201233FF95A06027F3ADD7FDA3" box="[616,714,510,536]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A071233FF95A0D527F3AC2EFDA2" box="[733,819,510,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1884,1908]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,486,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-184@10.[201,1386,486,1858]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Rhipidipathes helae sp. nov.: holotype, MTQ G80117, A–E. A, in situ images of colony; B, collected sample; C, branches showing anastomosis; D, sections of branch (left) and terminal branchlet (right) showing curved polypar (left sides of branch and terminal branchlet) and abpolypar (right sides of branch and terminal branchlet) spines; E, skeletal spine showing tubercles; F, Rhipidipathes reticulata (Esper), holotype, SMF 5885, section of terminal branchlet showing straight spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7350048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7350048/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 5F</figureCitation>
|
||
) that possesses straight spines. Additionally, the new species has a greater number of tubercules on polypar and abpolypar spines than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D011233FF95A62C242EABB2FD87" baseAuthorityName="Esper" baseAuthorityYear="1795" box="[1060,1199,546,572]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Rhipidipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="reticulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA901233FF95A62C242EABB2FD87" box="[1060,1199,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">R. reticulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(six to 10 vs three to seven tubercles in one view of a polypar spine, and three to six vs zero to three tubercles in one view of an abpolypar spine).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36E65091233FF95A2CF2483ACABFD77" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB36821233FF95A2CF2483ACABFD77" blockId="12.[151,1437,150,753]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA901233FF95A2CF2483AE4FFD13" bold="true" box="[199,338,654,680]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
From the Norse, “hel”, goddess of death, who is depicted wearing a headdress of curved deer antlers that resemble the distinctively curved spines of the new species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36E65091233FF95A2CF24DBACF8FD4B" box="[199,997,726,753]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB36821233FF95A2CF24DBACF8FD4B" blockId="12.[151,1437,150,753]" box="[199,997,726,753]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA901233FF95A2CF24DBAE44FD4B" bold="true" box="[199,345,726,752]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. Known only from the Great Barrier Reef at
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C9B671233FF95A15B24DBAC84FD4A" box="[851,921,726,753]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.19" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="119.0">119 m</quantity>
|
||
depth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |