129 lines
17 KiB
XML
129 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document id="80FA6B81469059FA19B974C1F4497494" ID-CLB-Dataset="30136" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4416.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="aa238a39-adf8-4b94-8808-c788670d0455" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1242263" ID-ZooBank="3341A80B-7E54-4C6B-8B46-1336094952E2" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1525601053009" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Barbosa, Diego N. & Azevedo, Celso O." docDate="2018" docId="039D87C45C3CFF9848F6FD6BFF7BF8FE" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4416.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4416 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Epyris amazonicus Westwood. Subsequent 1874" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="36" masterDocId="FFA4FFBC5C1FFFBB4861FFDFFFCEFFFD" masterDocTitle="Revision of Anisepyris Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae), with description of 135 new species" masterLastPageNumber="258" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="36" updateTime="1698542699957" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="44499496ADE1322FD6F59E5CEA593448" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="EB27DE11F56856241E5A867D0189C6F2">
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<mods:title id="9198BC8C10EFC3A80E8899A29D82551B">Revision of Anisepyris Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae), with description of 135 new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0C9779F9F09A9BF4FAB3125EDD7EB5B1">Barbosa, Diego N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="9514363AE5016E7896637FC0803A981F" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="2AC0A1361FA6BAB4BA885EA63248027D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="2CB97BA9A702BA068B1A9EB50CAE63BE">Azevedo, Celso O.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="C3DDE73F07FE829F73ECBC25AADE8AE0">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="864140A6ED30339B588D6CD243F9B8D2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="36E5F17F46524A80895587C6E153A724">
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<mods:date id="AAB76FF492E11D3E709C4D2FE621FCAF">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="082E64089298C7ADF931E4D34B3DF9A9">4416</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="0661EE844AEF1BFCFA827560B79A7AD0" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4416.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039D87C45C3CFF9848F6FD6BFF7BF8FE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5961185" ID-GBIF-Taxon="143811529" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5961185" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039D87C45C3CFF9848F6FD6BFF7BF8FE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D87C45C3CFF9848F6FD6BFF7BF8FE" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<subSubSection id="C32E65595C3CFF9848F6FD6BFE66FD12" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8B36D25C3CFF9848F6FD6BFE16FD33" blockId="35.[151,472,692,751]" box="[151,472,692,718]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<heading id="D0C381BE5C3CFF9848F6FD6BFE16FD33" bold="true" box="[151,472,692,718]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B940EAC05C3CFF9848F6FD6BFE16FD33" bold="true" box="[151,472,692,718]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<taxonomicName id="4C344D515C3CFF9848F6FD6BFEE8FD33" authorityName="Westwood. Subsequent" authorityYear="1874" box="[151,294,692,718]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Epyris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonicus">
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<emphasis id="B940EAC05C3CFF9848F6FD6BFEE8FD33" bold="true" box="[151,294,692,718]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">amazonicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species-group
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8B36D25C3CFF9848F6FD09FE66FD12" blockId="35.[151,472,692,751]" box="[151,424,726,751]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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(
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<figureCitation id="130F2A575C3CFF9848FEFD09FED5FD12" box="[159,283,726,751]" captionStart="FIGURE6" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[224,1359,232,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[182,1404,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE6. Anisepyris: aeneus species-group.A–C.Mesopleuron in frontalprofile; amazonicus species-group.Head in dorsal profile.D. A. aegnori sp. nov.; E. A. aerini sp. nov.; F.A.aghani sp. nov.; G. A.amandili sp. nov.; H. A.amariei sp. nov.; I. A. amrodi sp. nov.; J. A.bregolasi sp. nov.; K.A.broddai sp. nov.; L.A. beori sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1242275/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figs 6D–L</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="130F2A575C3CFF984946FD08FEF9FD13" box="[295,311,727,750]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="54.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[233,1351,231,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@54.[192,1395,193,1894]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURE 7. Anisepyris: amazonicus species-group. Head in dorsal profile. A. A. calmacili sp. nov.; B. A. caranthiri sp. nov.; C. A. celebrimbori sp. nov.; D. A. amazonicus (Westwood, 1874) (♀); E. A. amazonicus (Westwood, 1874) (♂); F. A. bakeri Evans, 1966; G. A. basilongus Santos & Azevedo, 2008; H. A. darlingtoni Evans, 1959; I. A. dominicanus Evans, 1966; J. A. excisus Evans, 1959; K. A. fasciipennis Kieffer, 1906; L. A.foveapertus Santos & Azevedo, 2008." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1242277/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">7</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="130F2A575C3CFF984922FD08FE9DFD12" box="[323,339,727,751]" captionStart="FIGURE8" captionStartId="55.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[224,1359,232,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@55.[182,1404,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURE8. Anisepyris:amazonicus species-group.A–D.Head in dorsalprofile.A.A.jandirae Santos&Azevedo, 2000; B. A. jocundus Evans, 1966; C. A. semiviridis Santos & Azevedo, 2000 (♂); D. A. semiviridis Santos & Azevedo, 2000 (♀); E–J. Female mandible in frontal view; K–L.Male mandible in frontal view; M–P.Mesosoma in dorsal profile." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1242279/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">8</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="130F2A575C3CFF98493EFD08FE6EFD12" box="[351,416,727,751]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="63.[151,250,1904,1926]" captionTargetBox="[233,1351,227,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[192,1395,189,1890]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURE 9. Anisepyris: amazonicus species-group. A–B. Mesosoma in dorsal profile; C–F. Mesopleuron in frontal view; bifidus species-group. G–O. Head in dorsal profile. G. A. gildori sp. nov.; H. A. gimilkhadi sp. nov.; I. A. hurini sp. nov.; J. A. ibuni sp. nov.; K. A. idrili sp. nov.; L. A. ilmarei sp. nov.; M. A. iluvatari sp. nov.; N. A. bifidus Evans, 1966; O. A. bipartitus Santos & Azevedo, 2000." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1242281/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">9A–F</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32E65595C3CFF9848F6FCC1FDC0FAD2" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8B36D25C3CFF9848F6FCC1FB3FFBCE" blockId="35.[151,1437,798,1795]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="B940EAC05C3CFF9848F6FCC1FF37FCCA" bold="true" box="[151,249,798,823]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Females</emphasis>
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. Mandible with four distal teeth, equally or differently sized, and with base wider than base; clypeus short; antennal scrobe carinate; frontal angle of ocellar triangle acute or about right; ocelli small; vertex straight or convex. Pronotal disc with transverse carina incomplete; parapsidal signum with anterior half continuous; anterior margin of propodeal declivity not setose; mesopleuron with lower mesopleural fovea opened, mesopleural suture opened, and posterior mesopleural sulcus absent. Forewing with R1 vein distinct. Mesotibia spinose. Metatrochanter with lateral expansion. Metasoma with spiracle large and posterior hypopygeal margin projected convex. Genitalia with 2vv as long as 1vv, and apex slender; sting (1vv+2vv) mainly short [surpassing 3vv apex]; 1vf strongly curved upward; 1rv curved, with 1rv ventral process large, and posterior process short.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8B36D25C3CFF9848A6FBE1FDC0FAD2" blockId="35.[151,1437,798,1795]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="B940EAC05C3CFF9848A6FBE1FEC1FBAA" bold="true" box="[199,271,1086,1111]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Males</emphasis>
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. Frons
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<taxonomicName id="4C344D515C3CFF984909FBE1FE2DFBAA" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1908" box="[360,483,1086,1111]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Anisepyris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coriaceous">coriaceous</taxonomicName>
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, with metallic reflexion. Clypeus long; median clypeal carina as high as epistomal suture, in lateral view; antenna elongate; antennal scrobe carinate. Pronotal disc with transverse carina incomplete. Metapostnotum with first pair of metapostnotal carina and metapostnotal-propodeal suture convergence absent; propodeal declivity sculptured. Mesopleuron with lower mesopleural fovea and mesopleural suture opened or closed. Forewing with Cu vein distinct of cu-a and R-rs&Rs vein distinct. Hind wing with one or two proximal and five distal hamuli. Posterior hypopygeal margin notched. Genitalia with paramere longer than basiparamere; inner margin of basivolsella excavated.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32E65595C3CFF9848A6FAE5FD39FAAE" box="[199,759,1338,1363]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8B8B36D25C3CFF9848A6FAE5FD39FAAE" blockId="35.[151,1437,798,1795]" box="[199,759,1338,1363]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="B940EAC05C3CFF9848A6FAE5FE97FAAE" bold="true" box="[199,345,1338,1363]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Distribution</emphasis>
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. Mostly from the Neotropical region
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32E65595C3CFF9848A6FA81FF7BF8FE" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B8B36D25C3CFF9848A6FA81FC92F9B2" blockId="35.[151,1437,798,1795]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="B940EAC05C3CFF9848A6FA81FEFAFA8A" bold="true" box="[199,308,1374,1399]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Remarks</emphasis>
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: The species-groups
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<taxonomicName id="4C344D515C3CFF984A45FA80FD66FA8B" authorityName="Westwood. Subsequent" authorityYear="1874" box="[548,680,1375,1398]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Epyris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonicus">
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<emphasis id="B940EAC05C3CFF984A45FA80FD66FA8B" box="[548,680,1375,1398]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">amazonicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C344D515C3CFF984ABEFA80FCFEFA8B" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1959" box="[735,816,1375,1398]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Anisepyris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excisus">
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<emphasis id="B940EAC05C3CFF984ABEFA80FCFEFA8B" box="[735,816,1375,1398]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">excisus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were easily separated from other groups by having the “mandibles with four distal teeth”. Then “mandible development” was used to differentiate these two groups; according to
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B235C3CFF984949FA78FE0EFA42" box="[296,448,1446,1471]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref280374" refString="Evans, H. E. (1966) A revision of the genus Anisepyris Kieffer (Hymenoptera. Bethylidae). Studia Entomologica, 9, 1 - 120." type="journal article">Evans (1966)</bibRefCitation>
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, the teeth were “equally-sized” in
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<taxonomicName id="4C344D515C3CFF984B21FA78FC0AFA43" authorityName="Westwood. Subsequent" authorityYear="1874" box="[832,964,1447,1470]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Epyris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonicus">
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<emphasis id="B940EAC05C3CFF984B21FA78FC0AFA43" box="[832,964,1447,1470]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">amazonicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and “different sized” in
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<taxonomicName id="4C344D515C3CFF984CB7FA78FAE9FA43" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1959" box="[1238,1319,1447,1470]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Anisepyris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excisus">
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<emphasis id="B940EAC05C3CFF984CB7FA78FAE9FA43" box="[1238,1319,1447,1470]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">excisus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Based on the other diagnostic characteristics,
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<taxonomicName id="4C344D515C3CFF984A50FA13FD78FA1E" authorityName="Westwood. Subsequent" authorityYear="1874" box="[561,694,1484,1507]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Epyris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonicus">
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<emphasis id="B940EAC05C3CFF984A50FA13FD78FA1E" box="[561,694,1484,1507]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">amazonicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have: the antennal scrobe carina present; the transverse pronotal carina incomplete or complete; and the mesopleuron with the lower fovea usually closed, but sometimes opened, whereas
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<taxonomicName id="4C344D515C3CFF98489AF9CBFE82F9D6" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1959" box="[251,332,1556,1579]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Anisepyris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excisus">
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<emphasis id="B940EAC05C3CFF98489AF9CBFE82F9D6" box="[251,332,1556,1579]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">excisus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were defined by the same characteristics, but the antennal scrobe carina was considered “strong” and the mesopleuron had the lower fovea opened in all species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8B36D25C3CFF9848A6F984FF7BF8FE" blockId="35.[151,1437,798,1795]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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From our revision, we observed that these former characteristics were present in species that compose both of these species-group; we were not able to distinguish the species using these former characteristics. Therefore, we here fuse both of these species-groups under the name
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<taxonomicName id="4C344D515C3CFF984B62F97BFC49F946" authorityName="Westwood. Subsequent" authorityYear="1874" box="[771,903,1700,1723]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Epyris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonicus">
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<emphasis id="B940EAC05C3CFF984B62F97BFC49F946" box="[771,903,1700,1723]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">amazonicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and reallocate some other species that had the afore-mentioned diagnostic traits to this species-group. This species-group is now composed of 23 species (
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<tableCitation id="C6B603695C3CFF984D3DF919FF6AF8FE" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="248.[151,239,1352,1375]" captionText="TABLE 1. Check list of species of Anisepyris." pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Table 1</tableCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |