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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.522.10294" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4ab1a1e9-9b98-42e8-bea4-604011ae7d70" ID-PMC="PMC4591733" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-522-1" ID-PubMed="26448719" ID-ZBK="72178B43CB244C57A24323CB13B9A8BF" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-522-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 522" ModsDocTitle="Melithaeidae of Japan (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) re-examined with descriptions of 11 new species" checkinTime="1451243973288" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Matsumoto, Asako K. &amp; van Ofwegen, Leen P." docDate="2015" docId="FF70BF3C1AC66188C0C312EA9E2EE3A8" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 522: 1-127" docOrigin="ZooKeys 522" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.522.10294" docTitle="Melithaea abyssicola Kuekenthal 1909" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="5" masterDocId="DB31BE618A66FF8AFFA8FFBD9346FFF5" masterDocTitle="Melithaeidae of Japan (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) re-examined with descriptions of 11 new species" masterLastPageNumber="127" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1668160728543" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Melithaeidae of Japan (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) re-examined with descriptions of 11 new species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Matsumoto, Asako K.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>van Ofwegen, Leen P.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>522</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>127</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.522.10294</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.522.10294</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-522-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">72178B43CB244C57A24323CB13B9A8BF</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">72178B43CB244C57A24323CB13B9A8BF</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152062416" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FF70BF3C1AC66188C0C312EA9E2EE3A8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FF70BF3C1AC66188C0C312EA9E2EE3A8" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="multiple">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Taxon classification Animalia Alcyonacea Melithaeidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName authority="Kuekenthal, 1909" authorityName="Kuekenthal" authorityYear="1909" class="Anthozoa" family="Melithaeidae" genus="Melithaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melithaea abyssicola" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="abyssicola">
Melithaea abyssicola (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
, 1909)
</taxonomicName>
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Melithaeidae" genus="Acabaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acabaria modesta var. abyssicola" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="variety" species="modesta" variety="abyssicola">Acabaria modesta var. abyssicola</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Kuekenthal, W" editor="Doflein, F" journalOrPublisher="Akademie der Wissenschaften" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 78" title="Japanische Gorgoniden. 2. Teil: Die Familien der Plexauriden, Chrysogorgiiden und Melitodiden." volumeTitle="Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte Ostasiens. Abhandlungen der Math. - Physik Klasse der Koenigl. Bayer" year="1909">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
1909
</bibRefCitation>
: 68 (Sagami Bay, Japan);
<bibRefCitation author="Kuekenthal, W" journalOrPublisher="Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee- Expedition auf dem Dampfer &quot; Valdivia &quot;, 1898 - 1899" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 946" title="Gorgonaria." volume="13" year="1919">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
1919
</bibRefCitation>
: 184;
<bibRefCitation author="Kuekenthal, W" journalOrPublisher="Walter de Gruyter &amp; Co., Berlin and Leipzig" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" title="Gorgonaria. Das Tierreich 47." year="1924">1924</bibRefCitation>
: 79;
<bibRefCitation author="Aurivillius, M" journalOrPublisher="Kungliga Svenska Vetens- kapsakademien Handlingar" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 337" title="The Gorgonarians from Dr. Sixten Bock's expedition to Japan and Bonin Islands 1914." volume="9" year="1931">Aurivillius 1931</bibRefCitation>
: 28 (Sagami Bay, 400-500 m).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Melithaeidae" genus="Acabaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acabaria modesta" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subspecies" species="modesta" subspecies="abyssicola">? Acabaria modesta abyssicola</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Rho, B" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Korean Research Institute for Better Living, Ewha Womans University" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="45 - 64" title="A systematic study on Octocorallia in Korea 4. Scleraxonia (Gorgonacea)." volume="25" year="1980">Rho et al. 1980</bibRefCitation>
: 55 (Korea Strait).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Holotype ZSM 20040057, Sagami Bay, 600 m, coll. Doflein 1904/05; previously unidentified museum material: BMNH 1921.10.26.5, Misaki, Sagami Bay, 333 fms (609 m), coll. A.V. Insole, May 1921; UMUTZ-CnidG-21, Gokeba, Sagami Bay, 150-20 hiro (227-29 m), coll. K. Aoki, 18 June 1902; UMUTZ-CnidG-28, Kahiwajima Is., Tosa, Kochi Prefecture, coll. K. Kinoshita, June 1909; UMUTZ-CnidG-29, same data as UMUTZ-CnidG-28; UMUTZ-CnidG-30, same data as UMUTZ-CnidG-28; UMUTZ-CnidG-33, same data as UMUTZ-CnidG-28; UMUTZ-CnidG-101, St.5, 170 fms (possibly Japanese fms) (243-257 m), coll. I. Ijima, 2 April 1895; UMUTZ-CnidG-232, same data as UMUTZ-CnidG-28; RMNH Coel. 41900 (AKM 430), Zeni-su, off Izu Islands,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="33.883335">33°53'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="138.71666">138°43'E</geoCoordinate>
, R/V Tansei-maru, KT04-06, st. ZN-3, 267.3-288.3 m, coll. A.K. Matsumoto, 3 April 2004; RMNH Coel. 41901 (AKM 571), Otsuki, Tosa, Kochi Prefecture,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="32.716667">32°43'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="132.8">132°48'E</geoCoordinate>
, local
<normalizedToken originalValue="fishermen’s">fishermen's</normalizedToken>
boat, Kiryo-maru, st. 3, coral-net, 84.75-83.1 m, coll. A.K. Matsumoto, 7 October 2004;?BMNH 1921.10.26.24-2, Misaki, Sagami Bay, 500-600 fms (715-1097 m), coll. A.V. Insole No. 45.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Colony branched in one plane with few anastomoses (Fig. 1a). Points with slightly bent spindles up to 0.17 mm long, distal end with more developed tubercles (Fig. 2a). Collaret with bent spindles up to 0.30 mm long, middle part with more developed tubercles (Fig. 2b). Tentacles with platelets, the larger ones crescent-shaped with irregular projections (Fig. 2c). These platelets are up to 0.15 mm long. Pharynx with straight spiny rods, up to 0.05 mm long (Fig. 2d). Coenenchyme with predominantly capstans (Fig. 3a), double disks (Fig. 3b) and disk spindles (Fig. 3c), 0.05-0.10 mm long, and small clubs of similar length (Figure 2e). Spindles, 0.10-0.20
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="5" start="start">mm</pageBreakToken>
long, with simple tubercles, are also present (Fig. 3d); some sclerites are intermediate between clubs and spindles (Fig. 3e). The calyces with additional clubs, up to 0.14 mm long (Fig. 2f).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Figure 1.
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Melithaeidae" genus="Melithaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melithaea abyssicola" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="abyssicola">Melithaea abyssicola</taxonomicName>
, colonies; a ZSM 20040057, holotype bAKM 571 cBMNH 1921.10.26.24-2 d UMUTZ-CnidG-28.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Figure 2. Sclerites of
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Melithaeidae" genus="Melithaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melithaea abyssicola" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="abyssicola">Melithaea abyssicola</taxonomicName>
, ZSM 20040057, holotype; a point spindles b collaret spindles c tentacle sclerites d pharynx rods e clubs of coenenchyme f clubs of calyx.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Figure 3. Sclerites of
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Melithaeidae" genus="Melithaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melithaea abyssicola" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="abyssicola">Melithaea abyssicola</taxonomicName>
, ZSM 20040057, holotype; a capstans b double disks c disk spindles d spindles e intermediate sclerite.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="color">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Color.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Colony white, sclerites colorless.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="variation">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Variation.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">RMNH Coel. 41900, UMUTZ-CnidG-28 (Fig. 1d), UMUTZ-CnidG-30, UMUTZ-CnidG-33, RMNH Coel. 41900 and BMNH 1921.10.26.24-2 are yellow with yellow sclerites; UMUTZ-CnidG-21, UMUTZ-CnidG-101 and UMUTZ-CnidG-232 are orange colonies; UMUTZ-CnidG-29 is red. RMNH Coel. 41901 is orange with red polyps (Fig. 1b), polyp sclerites pink, all others yellow. The sclerites of RMNH Coel. 41901 are similar to the holotype (Figs 4, 5) but it has somewhat longer coenenchymal spindles, up to 0.25 mm long (Fig. 5d).</paragraph>
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Figure 4. Sclerites of
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Melithaeidae" genus="Melithaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melithaea abyssicola" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="abyssicola">Melithaea abyssicola</taxonomicName>
, RMNH Coel. 41901; a point spindles b collaret spindle c tentacle sclerites d pharynx rods e clubs of coenenchyme f clubs of calyx.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Figure 5. Sclerites of
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Melithaeidae" genus="Melithaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melithaea abyssicola" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="abyssicola">Melithaea abyssicola</taxonomicName>
, RMNH Coel. 41901; a capstans b double disks c disk spindles d spindles.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Melithaeidae" genus="Melithaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melithaea abyssicola" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="abyssicola">Melithaea abyssicola</taxonomicName>
occurs in Sagami Bay, off the Izu Islands, and Tosa (Kochi Prefecture)(Fig. 8).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<bibRefCitation author="Kuekenthal, W" editor="Doflein, F" journalOrPublisher="Akademie der Wissenschaften" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 78" title="Japanische Gorgoniden. 2. Teil: Die Familien der Plexauriden, Chrysogorgiiden und Melitodiden." volumeTitle="Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte Ostasiens. Abhandlungen der Math. - Physik Klasse der Koenigl. Bayer" year="1909">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
(1909)
</bibRefCitation>
probably made this a variety of
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Melithaeidae" genus="Acabaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acabaria modesta" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="modesta">Acabaria modesta</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
, 1908 because the colonies and sclerites of these two species have the same color. However, morphologically the sclerites of these two species are completely different by
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Melithaeidae" genus="Melithaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melithaea modesta" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="modesta">Melithaea modesta</taxonomicName>
lacking clubs, double disks and disk spindles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
The species resembles
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Melithaeidae" genus="Melithaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melithaea sagamiensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sagamiensis">Melithaea sagamiensis</taxonomicName>
sp. n., but differs in having much smaller double disks, up to 0.05 mm long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
We have tentatively included BMNH 1921.10.26.24-2 (Fig. 1c) in
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Melithaeidae" genus="Melithaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melithaea abyssicola" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="abyssicola">Melithaea abyssicola</taxonomicName>
as it was collected together with BMNH 1921.10.26.5 by the same collector at the same locality, only at different depths. However, the specimen has clubs and disk spindles but lacks the double disks and shows sclerite damage caused by formalin (Figs 6, 7).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Figure 6. Sclerites of
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Melithaeidae" genus="Melithaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melithaea abyssicola" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="abyssicola">Melithaea abyssicola</taxonomicName>
, BMNH 1921.10.26.24-2; a point spindles b collaret spindles c tentacle sclerites d pharynx rods e capstans and disk spindles of coenenchyme.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Figure 7. Sclerites of
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Melithaeidae" genus="Melithaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melithaea abyssicola" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="abyssicola">Melithaea abyssicola</taxonomicName>
, BMNH 1921.10.26.24-2; a clubs of coenenchyme b clubs of calyx c spindles.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Figure 8. Distribution of
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Melithaeidae" genus="Melithaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melithaea abyssicola" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="abyssicola">Melithaea abyssicola</taxonomicName>
(*),
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Melithaeidae" genus="Melithaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melithaea arborea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arborea">Melithaea arborea</taxonomicName>
(●), and
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Melithaeidae" genus="Melithaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melithaea boninensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="boninensis">Melithaea boninensis</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (■).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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