193 lines
16 KiB
XML
193 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83034" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2193-0074-1-187" ID-Pensoft-UUID="86764B0ACD9453CD965B288014B441CD" ID-ZooBank="6402F8F152294153823FCAEA106F90A1" ModsDocID="2193-0074-25-1-187" checkinTime="1667366246929" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Spasojevic, Tamara, Broad, Gavin R. & Klopfstein, Seraina" docDate="2022" docId="D87121D7B502571599840113204AA4F4" docLanguage="en" docName="FossilRecord 25(1): 187-212" docOrigin="Fossil Record 25 (1)" docPubDate="2022-06-07" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83034" docTitle="Dimophora wickhami Spasojevic & Broad & Klopfstein 2022, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="86764B0ACD9453CD965B288014B441CD" lastPageNumber="187" masterDocId="86764B0ACD9453CD965B288014B441CD" masterDocTitle="Revision of 18 ichneumonid fossil species (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) highlights the need for open nomenclature in palaeontology" masterLastPageNumber="212" masterPageNumber="187" pageNumber="187" updateTime="1667366246929" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of 18 ichneumonid fossil species (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) highlights the need for open nomenclature in palaeontology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Spasojevic, Tamara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5301-5722</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, Augustinergasse 2, Basel, Switzerland & Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Broad, Gavin R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7223-5333</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 6 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Klopfstein, Seraina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4025-975X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, Augustinergasse 2, Basel, Switzerland & Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">seraina.klopfstein@bs.ch</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Fossil Record</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-06-07</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>25</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>187</mods:start>
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<mods:end>212</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83034</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83034</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">2193-0074-1-187</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">6402F8F152294153823FCAEA106F90A1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">86764B0ACD9453CD965B288014B441CD</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D87121D7B502571599840113204AA4F4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D87121D7B502571599840113204AA4F4" lastPageNumber="187" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<taxonomicName LSID="D87121D7-B502-5715-9984-0113204AA4F4" authority="(Cockerell, 1919)" authorityName="Spasojevic & Broad & Klopfstein" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Cockerell" baseAuthorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Dimophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dimophora wickhami" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wickhami" status="comb. nov.">Dimophora? wickhami (Cockerell, 1919)</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="187">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dimophora? wickhami (Cockerell, 1919) comb. nov. A. Photograph of the counterpart of the holotype obtained from the UCM; B. Photograph of the propodeum from the part of the holotype obtained from the MCZ; C. Our interpretative drawing of the counterpart; D. our interpretative drawing of the propodeum of the part. Thicker lines indicate outlines of body structures, thinner lines show characters inside these outlines, and dotted lines represent uncertain interpretations." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83034.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/693063" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Spasojevic & Broad & Klopfstein" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Theronia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Theronia wickhami" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wickhami" status="comb. nov.">* Theronia wickhami</taxonomicName>
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Cockerell, 1919
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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Photograph examined of the
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<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
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(part, PALE-3915 and counterpart, #UCM8604), obtained from the MCZ and UCM, respectively.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="stratum">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Stratum.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Wilson Ranch, Florissant shales, Colorado, USA. Late Eocene (Chadronian), 37.2-33.9 My.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Female.</emphasis>
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Rather well-preserved fossil. Part with dorsal and posterior aspect of head, antennae almost complete, mesosoma including propodeum and details of propodeal carination, weak impressions of fore wings with only few veins visible, incomplete hind legs, and dorsal aspect of metasoma with ovipositor and ovipositor sheaths. Counterpart with ventral aspect of head with antennae showing flagellomeres, mesosoma, weakly but almost completely preserved impressions of fore wings, partial mid and almost complete hind legs, and ventral aspect of metasoma with ovipositor sheaths. Body length 8.5 mm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Dark brown on head, mesosoma and first metasomal segment, lower part of face possibly lighter coloured (but could be artefactual), antennae lighter brown, wing venation very light, legs and metasoma from T2 or T3 orange.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Head</emphasis>
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with parallel-sided inner eye margins; mandibles with two teeth; clypeal sulcus weakly developed; occipital carina strong and probably complete and evenly rounded dorsally.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Antennae</emphasis>
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5.4 mm, with scape a bit longer than wide and pedicel short; with about 31 flagellomeres, these transverse except for most basal ones.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Mesosoma</emphasis>
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showing deep median sternal groove, probably complete epicnemial and complete posterior transverse carina of mesosternum. Metapleuron with submetapleural carinae shown as two longitudinal lines; propodeum with complete propodeal carination.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Fore wing</emphasis>
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5.9 mm, with large and slightly oblique areolet, vein 2m-cu meeting M close to its outer corner (4M very short), number of bullae unclear; 1cu-a meeting M + Cu opposite of 1M and inclivous; 3Cu about as long as 2cu-a; cell 2R1 2.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than wide.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Legs</emphasis>
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rather slender; hind femur 3.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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, hind tibia 6.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than wide, without ventral tooth.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Metasoma</emphasis>
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slender, apical segments compressed; T1 petiolate, narrow at base and expanded from about mid-length; S1 reaching to about 0.65 of length of T1, probably with laterotergites parallel and not meeting ventrally at midline; T2 about 2.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than basally wide, with narrow laterotergite visible; following tergites transverse; hypopygium inconspicuous. Ovipositor 1.5 mm, around 1.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as hind tibia, straight, enclosed by sheaths.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/fr.25.83034.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/693063" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Figure 4.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Spasojevic & Broad & Klopfstein" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Cockerell" baseAuthorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Dimophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dimophora wickhami" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wickhami">Dimophora? wickhami</taxonomicName>
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(Cockerell, 1919) comb. nov.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">A.</emphasis>
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Photograph of the counterpart of the holotype obtained from the UCM;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">B.</emphasis>
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Photograph of the propodeum from the part of the holotype obtained from the MCZ;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">C.</emphasis>
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Our interpretative drawing of the counterpart;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">D.</emphasis>
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our interpretative drawing of the propodeum of the part. Thicker lines indicate outlines of body structures, thinner lines show characters inside these outlines, and dotted lines represent uncertain interpretations.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="interpretation">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Interpretation.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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The petiolate T1 excludes the subfamily
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pimplinae">Pimplinae</taxonomicName>
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and thus the genus
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Holmgren" authorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Theronia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Theronia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Theronia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and the compressed metasoma and complete posterior transverse carina of mesosternum carina point to either
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Campopleginae">Campopleginae</taxonomicName>
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or
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Forster" baseAuthorityYear="1869" genus="Cremastinae" lsidName="Cremastinae" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="genus">Cremastinae</taxonomicName>
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. The clypeus separated from the lower face by a groove and the rather stout fore wing cell 1M+1R1 point to the latter. Within
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Forster" baseAuthorityYear="1869" genus="Cremastinae" lsidName="Cremastinae" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="genus">Cremastinae</taxonomicName>
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, the large areolet is reminiscent of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Dimophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dimophora" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Dimophora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, even though it is slightly oblique. A recent revision of the Australian members of the genus (Klopfstein 2016) expanded the generic definition to also include larger representatives, with fore wing lengths of up to 7.1 mm found. As the areolet does not entirely match extant
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Dimophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dimophora" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Dimophora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and characters excluding some other genera in the subfamily are not visible, we tentatively place the fossil in this genus. It can be distinguished from all extant representatives of the genus by fore wing vein 2m-cu originating close to the distal end of the areolet, from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="D. antiqua" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="species" species="antiqua">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">D. antiqua</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Brues, CT" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" pagination="1 - 125" refId="B7" refString="Brues, CT, 1910. The parasitic Hymenoptera of the Tertiary of Florissant, Colorado. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 54: 1 - 125" title="The parasitic Hymenoptera of the Tertiary of Florissant, Colorado." volume="54" year="1910">Brues 1910</bibRefCitation>
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; also from the Florissant shales) by the larger areolet and less stout fore wing, from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="D. fumipennis" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="species" species="fumipennis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">D. fumipennis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Theobald 1937; Oligocene of Aix-en-Provence) by the hyaline wings and longer ovipositor, and from the here revised
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<taxonomicName lsidName="D. longicornis" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="species" species="longicornis">D.? longicornis</taxonomicName>
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by the much shorter ovipositor, more slender pterostigma and different coloration.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Metopiinae">Metopiinae</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Förster">Foerster</normalizedToken>
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, 1869
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Uchida" authorityYear="1934" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Acerataspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acerataspis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Acerataspis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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? (Uchida, 1934)
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |