442 lines
51 KiB
XML
442 lines
51 KiB
XML
<document id="6BA023D23CDBEF6684DE7AE0F11415D0" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3861.3.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="22dbbb9a-7413-40e9-a0d8-b341fef37f04" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="224915" ID-ZooBank="E9AE44B9-8A68-4200-878C-4C7146607282" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460911179549" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Borisanova, Anastasiya O. & Krylova, Elena M." docDate="2014" docId="C92C87C6CD46285DFF47FEFC28A1FB99" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03861p296.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3861 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Loxosomella unicornis Borisanova & Krylova, 2014, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="295" masterDocId="3515FFBECD442858FFD0FF932A6CFFF2" masterDocTitle="A new species of Loxosomatidae (Entoprocta, Solitaria) from the White Sea: Loxosomella unicornis sp. nov." masterLastPageNumber="296" masterPageNumber="290" pageNumber="292" updateTime="1698361278757" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="1BFC374269921025A1C436722D564A33" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="1802A94567037B2B38D17D4FE063E353">
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<mods:title id="CD24D98664E9F6AF79C5B9C0E46FFA76">A new species of Loxosomatidae (Entoprocta, Solitaria) from the White Sea: Loxosomella unicornis sp. nov.</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="12A967001C7FD72131B987FD841F09F2" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="950CFA230BCEDC4FF2E13F75842AA041">
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<mods:roleTerm id="1BDB85C22912D5B9A03297B598189DE9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="BF45247E070A78044BDFF7B9BD86C66D">Borisanova, Anastasiya O.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="CFE4FCADF2354BD598B246C83C8D8E99" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="1E18375B1A801C0C2C6E530B45C7A263">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="AAAACFC5EA4925337C7D912D5623EE90">Krylova, Elena M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B661B0F80FC7E89ACE1CE51CEDAB5F6C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="3A61CD6598E85CF59F8071EB4C40E23A">
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<mods:title id="847749D0669FC60A2369645635F16414">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="3F2A7958B8513FFF84D34F853C27E33F">
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<mods:date id="4BC4B242E78F48447A0DFA6EC8FA1F17">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="6C8E5A877837BFE31AFA5627900A6C43" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="2D9B2A7DEC18A65D5682118559361EF7">3861</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="46F898D07587A88FED942692BDFDFEB3" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="FF07E8EE0F2B2D11EC2BFC383A6E431D">3</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="6045EC032DD5E54234D31135C27CDF6B">290</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="70EFC521DA0372534B58C52A5763DFDA">296</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="2DF7AD42C6C9DF70B12E501B31750D22">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="495A72780CB2538EFF6CF619FDCFE0E3" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3861.3.6</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E26604E39A208D5786AD3B1C293D4830" type="GBIF-Dataset">22dbbb9a-7413-40e9-a0d8-b341fef37f04</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6E56CCFC308F0553BCACD7DB54AE42D7" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="13E166EFFE56FAABF7A49E63799139E3" type="Zenodo-Dep">224915</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="C92C87C6CD46285DFF47FEFC28A1FB99" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5631969" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119588473" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5631969" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C92C87C6CD46285DFF47FEFC28A1FB99" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C92C87C6CD46285DFF47FEFC28A1FB99" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="295" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">
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<subSubSection id="099F655BCD46285AFF47FEFC2B66FE5E" pageId="2" pageNumber="292" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="413A36D0CD46285AFF47FEFC286DFE7A" blockId="2.[151,513,367,429]" box="[151,513,367,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">
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<heading id="1A7281BCCD46285AFF47FEFC286DFE7A" bold="true" box="[151,513,367,392]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="292" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD46285AFF47FEFC286DFE7A" bold="true" box="[151,513,367,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">
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<taxonomicName id="86854D53CD46285AFF47FEFC2BCCFE7A" box="[151,416,367,392]" class="Entoprocta" family="Loxosomatidae" genus="Loxosomella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coloniales" pageId="2" pageNumber="292" phylum="Kamptozoa" rank="species" species="unicornis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD46285AFF47FEFC2BCCFE7A" bold="true" box="[151,416,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">Loxosomella unicornis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="68C257B9CD46285AFE77FEFC286DFE7A" box="[423,513,367,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="292" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="413A36D0CD46285AFF47FE072B66FE5E" blockId="2.[151,513,367,429]" box="[151,266,404,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">
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(
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<figureCitation id="D9BE2A55CD46285AFF4FFE072A8BFE5E" box="[159,231,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[271,1312,203,1922]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[265,1321,195,1933]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Loxosomella unicornis. A, B, diagrams of live specimen with short stalk in frontal and lateral view, respectively. C, specimen with long stalk in frontal view. D, specimen with developing larva in frontal view. Scale bars: 50 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224917/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">Figs 2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="D9BE2A55CD46285AFF23FE072B6DFE5E" box="[243,257,404,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[286,1299,197,1925]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[283,1304,193,1933]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Loxosomella unicornis. A, fixed specimen in frontal view. B, upper part of calyx with lateral, ciliated, sensitive papillae and horn-shaped appendage." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224918/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">3</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="099F655BCD46285AFF47FE4F2F36FD92" pageId="2" pageNumber="292" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="413A36D0CD46285AFF47FE4F2F36FD92" blockId="2.[151,1437,476,1040]" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">
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<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD46285AFF47FE4F2BEDFE07" bold="true" box="[151,385,476,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD46285AFE58FE4F2B94FE06" box="[392,504,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">
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<typeStatus id="9E3E8872CD46285AFE58FE4F2B9DFE06" box="[392,497,476,500]" pageId="2" pageNumber="292" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="2794AE15CD46285AFE2FFE4E283AFE06" box="[511,598,477,500]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/k3qp-615s" name="Zoological Museum, Moscow Lomonosov State University" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">ZMMU</collectionCode>
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No. Uk-5 (an adult), from Kandalaksha Bay, White Sea (
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<geoCoordinate id="24B15017CD46285AFB30FE4F2F24FE06" box="[1248,1352,476,501]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="292" precision="925" value="66.566666">66°34' N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="24B15017CD46285AFA83FE4F2AC7FDEA" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="292" precision="925" value="33.133335">33°08' E</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<quantity id="867D9B35CD46285AFF10FD932A97FDE5" box="[192,251,512,536]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="292" unit="m" value="24.0">24 m</quantity>
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,
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<date id="353B1010CD46285AFED7FE6C2BCCFDEA" box="[263,416,511,536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="292" value="2013-06-26">26 June 2013</date>
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, on the bryozoan
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<taxonomicName id="86854D53CD46285AFDB9FD9328B7FDEA" box="[617,731,512,536]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Cribrilina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="292" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD46285AFDB9FD9328B7FDEA" box="[617,731,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">Cribrilina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. living as an epibiont on a shell of
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<taxonomicName id="86854D53CD46285AFB58FD932ABEFDCF" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Mytilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytiloida" pageId="2" pageNumber="292" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="edulis">
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<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD46285AFB58FD932F4BFDEA" box="[1160,1319,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">Mytilus edulis</emphasis>
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Linnaeus, 1758
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD46285AFF32FDB62B31FDCE" box="[226,349,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">
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<typeStatus id="9E3E8872CD46285AFF32FDB62B3BFDCE" box="[226,343,549,572]" pageId="2" pageNumber="292" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="2794AE15CD46285AFEBAFDB62BADFDCE" box="[362,449,549,572]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/k3qp-615s" name="Zoological Museum, Moscow Lomonosov State University" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">ZMMU</collectionCode>
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No. Uk-6 (7
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<typeStatus id="9E3E8872CD46285AFDBDFDB628B7FDCF" box="[621,731,549,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="292" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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, all adults), from the same locality as
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<typeStatus id="9E3E8872CD46285AFB7FFDB72F79FDCF" box="[1199,1301,548,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="292" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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. Additional material examined: the same locality,
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<quantity id="867D9B35CD46285AFDEFFDD42800FDAD" box="[575,620,583,608]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="292" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
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,
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<date id="353B1010CD46285AFDA8FDDB2942FD92" box="[632,814,584,608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="292" value="1983-08-27">27 August 1983</date>
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, on the bryozoan
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<taxonomicName id="86854D53CD46285AFC24FDDB2E2BFD92" box="[1012,1095,584,608]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Electra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="292" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD46285AFC24FDDB2E2BFD92" box="[1012,1095,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">Electra</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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sp.,
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<specimenCount id="5783FD59CD46285AFBACFDDB2EBAFD92" box="[1148,1238,583,608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="292" type="adult">20 adult</specimenCount>
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specimens.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="099F655BCD46285AFF17FDFF2F2BFD77" box="[199,1351,620,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="292" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="413A36D0CD46285AFF17FDFF2F2BFD77" blockId="2.[151,1437,476,1040]" box="[199,1351,620,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">
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<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD46285AFF17FDFF2B22FD77" bold="true" box="[199,334,620,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">Etymology.</emphasis>
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Greek
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<taxonomicName id="86854D53CD46285AFE70FDFE2866FD76" box="[416,522,621,644]" class="Entoprocta" family="Loxosomatidae" genus="Loxosomella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coloniales" pageId="2" pageNumber="292" phylum="Kamptozoa" rank="species" species="unicornis">
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<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD46285AFE70FDFE2866FD76" box="[416,522,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">unicornis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, horn, alluding to the horn-shaped appendage on the top part of the calyx.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="099F655BCD46285DFF17FD1C2975FD49" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="295" pageId="2" pageNumber="292" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="413A36D0CD46285AFF17FD1C2F48FD02" blockId="2.[151,1437,476,1040]" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">
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<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD46285AFF17FD1C2B2DFD5A" bold="true" box="[199,321,655,680]" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Adults: Medium-sized species, total length of body from end of foot to base of tentacles 300–350 µm (up to 650 µm) (
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<tableCitation id="0C07036BCD46285AFEACFD272BBFFD3E" box="[380,467,692,717]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,239,1088,1111]" captionTargetBox="[151,1384,1253,1671]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 2. Measurements (µm) and some ratios of six preserved and two live (*) specimens of Loxosomella unicornis sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/15FA6658CD46285AFF47FBD32A81FB85" pageId="2" pageNumber="292" tableUuid="15FA6658CD46285AFF47FBD32A81FB85">Table 2</tableCitation>
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). Calyx length 130–215 µm, width 120–230 µm. Calyx compressed in anteroposterior axis, about twice as wide as thick. Stalk length varies from 90 to 320 µm, stalk width about 70–105 µm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="413A36D0CD46285AFF17FD6F2E8BFC57" blockId="2.[151,1437,476,1040]" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">There is pair of thin, transparent lateral wings on sides of calyx making it rounded in frontal view. Calyx with 8 rather short tentacles, directed forward; 2 pigmented semicircular strips located on lateral margins around tentacle crown. Top part of back side of calyx above tentacle ring bearing a conspicuous horn-shaped appendage about 50–60 µm in length. Two pairs of ciliated lateral papillae are located on each side of calyx. Stomach about twice as wide as high, with lateral lobes. Stalk with prominent longitudinal muscles. Foot reduced.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="413A36D0CD46285AFF17FC3C2996FBE2" blockId="2.[151,1437,476,1040]" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">Reproduction: Buds emerge from paired laterofrontal areas at lower level of stomach, one bud on each side. Some specimens have 1–2 developing larvae in brood chamber. Larva with well-developed frontal and apical organs, prototroch diameter about 85 µm and episphere height about 110 µm.</paragraph>
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<caption id="15FA6658CD46285AFF47FBD32A81FB85" ID-Table-UUID="15FA6658CD46285AFF47FBD32A81FB85" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/15FA6658CD46285AFF47FBD32A81FB85" pageId="2" pageNumber="292" targetBox="[151,1384,1253,1671]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph id="413A36D0CD46285AFF47FBD32A81FB85" blockId="2.[151,1436,1087,1143]" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">
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<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD46285AFF47FBD32B66FBA5" bold="true" box="[151,266,1088,1111]" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
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Measurements (µm) and some ratios of six preserved and two live (*) specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="86854D53CD46285AFB77FBAC2FF0FBA5" box="[1191,1436,1087,1111]" class="Entoprocta" family="Loxosomatidae" genus="Loxosomella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coloniales" pageId="2" pageNumber="292" phylum="Kamptozoa" rank="species" species="unicornis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD46285AFB77FBAC2FF0FBA5" box="[1191,1436,1087,1111]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">Loxosomella unicornis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="68C257B9CD46285AFF47FBF32A81FB85" box="[151,237,1120,1143]" pageId="2" pageNumber="292" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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||
<paragraph id="413A36D0CD46285AFF4FFB012B64F8C5" blockId="2.[159,1384,1170,1234]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,1716,2029]" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">
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||
Specimen 1 2 3 4 5 6 * * Total length 296 250 289 370 398 355 377 515
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||
<taxonomicName id="86854D53CD46285AFF47F9272BF0F93E" box="[151,412,1716,1740]" class="Entoprocta" family="Loxosomatidae" genus="Loxosomella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coloniales" pageId="2" pageNumber="292" phylum="Kamptozoa" rank="species" species="unicornis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD46285AFF47F9272BF0F93E" box="[151,412,1716,1740]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">Loxosomella unicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="68C257B9CD46285AFE78F927286AF93F" box="[424,518,1716,1741]" pageId="2" pageNumber="292" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD46285AFE78F927286AF93F" bold="true" box="[424,518,1716,1741]" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">sp. nov.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
differs from all described loxosomatid species in having a large horn-shaped appendage on top of the calyx. It is known that some loxosomatids have conspicuous appendages on their calyces (
|
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<tableCitation id="0C07036BCD46285AFF4EF96F2A98F8E6" box="[158,244,1788,1813]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox="[159,1394,202,462]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 3. Loxosomella species with appendages on the calyx." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/15FA6658CD41285DFF47FF0B295AFF5D" pageId="2" pageNumber="292" tableUuid="15FA6658CD41285DFF47FF0B295AFF5D">Table 3</tableCitation>
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||
), but these appendages in the other species are thinner and longer, and have different locations, than in
|
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<taxonomicName id="86854D53CD46285AFA55F96E2B6DF8C5" class="Entoprocta" family="Loxosomatidae" genus="Loxosomella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coloniales" pageId="2" pageNumber="292" phylum="Kamptozoa" rank="species" species="unicornis">
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<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD46285AFA55F96E2B6DF8C5" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">L. unicornis</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="413A36D0CD46285AFF4FFB762B77F975" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">
|
||
<table id="3385C470CD46D7A7FF47FB762F04F975" box="[151,1384,1253,1671]" gridcols="7" gridrows="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">
|
||
<tr id="FFB53492CD46D7A7FF47FB762F04FAE8" box="[151,1384,1253,1306]" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">
|
||
<th id="BC645DEECD46D7A7FF47FB76286CFAE8" box="[151,512,1253,1306]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">Horn-shaped appendage 55 length</th>
|
||
<th id="BC645DEECD46D7A7FD87FB7628EFFAE8" box="[599,643,1253,1306]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">52</th>
|
||
<th id="BC645DEECD46D7A7FD08FB762968FAE8" box="[728,772,1253,1306]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">61</th>
|
||
<th id="BC645DEECD46D7A7FC89FB7629E9FAE8" box="[857,901,1253,1306]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">57</th>
|
||
<th id="BC645DEECD46D7A7FC0AFB762E6AFAE8" box="[986,1030,1253,1306]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">64</th>
|
||
<th id="BC645DEECD46D7A7FB8BFB762EEBFAE8" box="[1115,1159,1253,1306]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">53</th>
|
||
<th id="BC645DEECD46D7A7FB0CFB762F04FAE8" box="[1244,1384,1253,1306]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">n/a n/a</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="FFB53492CD46D7A7FF47FABE2F04FAB1" box="[151,1384,1325,1347]" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">
|
||
<th id="BC645DEECD46D7A7FF47FABE286CFAB1" box="[151,512,1325,1347]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">Calyx length 176</th>
|
||
<td id="BC645DEECD46D7A7FD87FABE28EFFAB1" box="[599,643,1325,1347]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">155</td>
|
||
<td id="BC645DEECD46D7A7FD08FABE2968FAB1" box="[728,772,1325,1347]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">174</td>
|
||
<td id="BC645DEECD46D7A7FC89FABE29E9FAB1" box="[857,901,1325,1347]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">195</td>
|
||
<td id="BC645DEECD46D7A7FC0AFABE2E6AFAB1" box="[986,1030,1325,1347]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">202</td>
|
||
<td id="BC645DEECD46D7A7FB8BFABE2EEBFAB1" box="[1115,1159,1325,1347]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">207</td>
|
||
<td id="BC645DEECD46D7A7FB0CFABE2F04FAB1" box="[1244,1384,1325,1347]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">155 215</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="FFB53492CD46D7A7FF47FAC52F04FA9E" box="[151,1384,1366,1388]" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">
|
||
<th id="BC645DEECD46D7A7FF47FAC5286CFA9E" box="[151,512,1366,1388]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">Calyx width 183</th>
|
||
<td id="BC645DEECD46D7A7FD87FAC528EFFA9E" box="[599,643,1366,1388]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">165</td>
|
||
<td id="BC645DEECD46D7A7FD08FAC52968FA9E" box="[728,772,1366,1388]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">184</td>
|
||
<td id="BC645DEECD46D7A7FC89FAC529E9FA9E" box="[857,901,1366,1388]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">192</td>
|
||
<td id="BC645DEECD46D7A7FC0AFAC52E6AFA9E" box="[986,1030,1366,1388]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">200</td>
|
||
<td id="BC645DEECD46D7A7FB8BFAC52EEBFA9E" box="[1115,1159,1366,1388]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">234</td>
|
||
<td id="BC645DEECD46D7A7FB0CFAC52F04FA9E" box="[1244,1384,1366,1388]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">n/a n/a</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="FFB53492CD46D7A7FF47FA132F04FA64" box="[151,1384,1408,1430]" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">
|
||
<th id="BC645DEECD46D7A7FF47FA13286CFA64" box="[151,512,1408,1430]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">Stalk length 120</th>
|
||
<td id="BC645DEECD46D7A7FD87FA1328EFFA64" box="[599,643,1408,1430]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">95</td>
|
||
<td id="BC645DEECD46D7A7FD08FA132968FA64" box="[728,772,1408,1430]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">115</td>
|
||
<td id="BC645DEECD46D7A7FC89FA1329E9FA64" box="[857,901,1408,1430]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">175</td>
|
||
<td id="BC645DEECD46D7A7FC0AFA132E6AFA64" box="[986,1030,1408,1430]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">196</td>
|
||
<td id="BC645DEECD46D7A7FB8BFA132EEBFA64" box="[1115,1159,1408,1430]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">148</td>
|
||
<td id="BC645DEECD46D7A7FB0CFA132F04FA64" box="[1244,1384,1408,1430]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">222 300</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="FFB53492CD46D7A7FF47FA3A2F04FA4D" box="[151,1384,1449,1471]" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">
|
||
<th id="BC645DEECD46D7A7FF47FA3A286CFA4D" box="[151,512,1449,1471]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">Stalk width 75</th>
|
||
<td id="BC645DEECD46D7A7FD87FA3A28EFFA4D" box="[599,643,1449,1471]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">82</td>
|
||
<td id="BC645DEECD46D7A7FD08FA3A2968FA4D" box="[728,772,1449,1471]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">68</td>
|
||
<td id="BC645DEECD46D7A7FC89FA3A29E9FA4D" box="[857,901,1449,1471]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">85</td>
|
||
<td id="BC645DEECD46D7A7FC0AFA3A2E6AFA4D" box="[986,1030,1449,1471]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">73</td>
|
||
<td id="BC645DEECD46D7A7FB8BFA3A2EEBFA4D" box="[1115,1159,1449,1471]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">81</td>
|
||
<td id="BC645DEECD46D7A7FB0CFA3A2F04FA4D" box="[1244,1384,1449,1471]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">n/a n/a</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="FFB53492CD46D7A7FF47FA412F04FA1A" box="[151,1384,1490,1512]" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">
|
||
<th id="BC645DEECD46D7A7FF47FA41286CFA1A" box="[151,512,1490,1512]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">Length calyx/length of stalk 1.5</th>
|
||
<td id="BC645DEECD46D7A7FD87FA4128EFFA1A" box="[599,643,1490,1512]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">1.6</td>
|
||
<td id="BC645DEECD46D7A7FD08FA412968FA1A" box="[728,772,1490,1512]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">1.5</td>
|
||
<td id="BC645DEECD46D7A7FC89FA4129E9FA1A" box="[857,901,1490,1512]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">1.1</td>
|
||
<td id="BC645DEECD46D7A7FC0AFA412E6AFA1A" box="[986,1030,1490,1512]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">1.03</td>
|
||
<td id="BC645DEECD46D7A7FB8BFA412EEBFA1A" box="[1115,1159,1490,1512]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">1.4</td>
|
||
<td id="BC645DEECD46D7A7FB0CFA412F04FA1A" box="[1244,1384,1490,1512]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">0.7 0.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="FFB53492CD46D7A7FF47FA6F2F04F9E0" box="[151,1384,1532,1554]" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">
|
||
<th id="BC645DEECD46D7A7FF47FA6F286CF9E0" box="[151,512,1532,1554]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">Length/width of calyx 0.96</th>
|
||
<td id="BC645DEECD46D7A7FD87FA6F28EFF9E0" box="[599,643,1532,1554]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">0.94</td>
|
||
<td id="BC645DEECD46D7A7FD08FA6F2968F9E0" box="[728,772,1532,1554]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">0.95</td>
|
||
<td id="BC645DEECD46D7A7FC89FA6F29E9F9E0" box="[857,901,1532,1554]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">1.02</td>
|
||
<td id="BC645DEECD46D7A7FC0AFA6F2E6AF9E0" box="[986,1030,1532,1554]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">1.01</td>
|
||
<td id="BC645DEECD46D7A7FB8BFA6F2EEBF9E0" box="[1115,1159,1532,1554]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">0.88</td>
|
||
<td id="BC645DEECD46D7A7FB0CFA6F2F04F9E0" box="[1244,1384,1532,1554]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">n/a n/a</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="FFB53492CD46D7A7FF47F9FE2F04F975" box="[151,1384,1645,1671]" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="292" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
|
||
<th id="BC645DEECD46D7A7FF47F9FE286CF975" box="[151,512,1645,1671]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">Discussion</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="413A36D0CD46285AFF17F8D72B37F81F" blockId="2.[151,1437,1716,2029]" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">
|
||
Some individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86854D53CD46285AFE7EF8D628A6F8AF" authority="Nielsen, 1966" authorityName="Nielsen" authorityYear="1966" box="[430,714,1860,1885]" class="Entoprocta" family="Loxosomatidae" genus="Loxosomella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coloniales" pageId="2" pageNumber="292" phylum="Kamptozoa" rank="species" species="vivipara">
|
||
<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD46285AFE7EF8D62845F8AE" box="[430,553,1861,1884]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">L. vivipara</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="25144B21CD46285AFDFFF8D728A6F8AF" author="Nielsen" box="[559,714,1860,1885]" pageId="2" pageNumber="292" refString="Nielsen, C. (1966) On the life-cycle of some Loxosomatidae (Entoprocta). Ophelia, 3, 221 - 247. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00785326.1966.10409644" type="journal article" year="1966">Nielsen, 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bear an enigmatic organ on the back side of the calyx, above the anus, in the same position as the horn-shaped appendage in
|
||
<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD46285AFCEBF8FA29A6F88D" box="[827,970,1896,1920]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86854D53CD46285AFCEBF8FA29ABF88D" box="[827,967,1896,1920]" class="Entoprocta" family="Loxosomatidae" genus="Loxosomella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coloniales" pageId="2" pageNumber="292" phylum="Kamptozoa" rank="species" species="unicornis">L. unicornis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
However, there are structural differences between these organs in the two species—in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86854D53CD46285AFD4CF81E2975F856" box="[668,793,1933,1956]" class="Entoprocta" family="Loxosomatidae" genus="Loxosomella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coloniales" pageId="2" pageNumber="292" phylum="Kamptozoa" rank="species" species="vivipara">
|
||
<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD46285AFD4CF81E2975F856" box="[668,793,1933,1956]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">L. vivipara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the enigmatic organ consists of a ring of cells radiating from an opening that leads into a hollow, ball-shaped structure whilst in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86854D53CD46285AFC0AF8222E08F83A" box="[986,1124,1969,1992]" class="Entoprocta" family="Loxosomatidae" genus="Loxosomella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coloniales" pageId="2" pageNumber="292" phylum="Kamptozoa" rank="species" species="unicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD46285AFC0AF8222E08F83A" box="[986,1124,1969,1992]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="292">L. unicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the appendage is solid and lacks an opening.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="15FA6658CD47285BFF47F8302F72F82A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224917/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="293" targetBox="[271,1312,203,1922]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="413A36D0CD47285BFF47F8302F72F82A" blockId="3.[151,1437,1955,2008]" pageId="3" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD47285BFF47F8302B7FF84A" bold="true" box="[151,275,1955,1977]" pageId="3" pageNumber="293">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD47285BFECBF8302866F84B" box="[283,522,1955,1977]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86854D53CD47285BFECBF830286AF84B" box="[283,518,1955,1977]" class="Entoprocta" family="Loxosomatidae" genus="Loxosomella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coloniales" pageId="3" pageNumber="293" phylum="Kamptozoa" rank="species" species="unicornis">Loxosomella unicornis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD47285BFDC0F830282AF84A" bold="true" box="[528,582,1955,1976]" pageId="3" pageNumber="293">A, B,</emphasis>
|
||
diagrams of live specimen with short stalk in frontal and lateral view, respectively.
|
||
<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD47285BFF47F8512ADCF82A" bold="true" box="[151,176,1986,2008]" pageId="3" pageNumber="293">C,</emphasis>
|
||
specimen with long stalk in frontal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD47285BFD88F851281DF825" bold="true" box="[600,625,1986,2007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="293">D,</emphasis>
|
||
specimen with developing larva in frontal view. Scale bars: 50 Μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="15FA6658CD40285CFF47F8312863F829" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224918/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="294" targetBox="[286,1299,197,1925]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="413A36D0CD40285CFF47F8312863F829" blockId="4.[151,1436,1954,2011]" pageId="4" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD40285CFF47F8312B78F845" bold="true" box="[151,276,1954,1976]" pageId="4" pageNumber="294">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD40285CFECCF8312860F84A" box="[284,524,1954,1976]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86854D53CD40285CFECCF8312864F84A" box="[284,520,1954,1976]" class="Entoprocta" family="Loxosomatidae" genus="Loxosomella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coloniales" pageId="4" pageNumber="294" phylum="Kamptozoa" rank="species" species="unicornis">Loxosomella unicornis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD40285CFDC3F8312840F845" bold="true" box="[531,556,1954,1975]" pageId="4" pageNumber="294">A,</emphasis>
|
||
fixed specimen in frontal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD40285CFCACF83029FFF84A" bold="true" box="[892,915,1955,1976]" pageId="4" pageNumber="294">B,</emphasis>
|
||
upper part of calyx with lateral, ciliated, sensitive papillae and horn-shaped appendage.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="15FA6658CD41285DFF47FF0B295AFF5D" ID-Table-UUID="15FA6658CD41285DFF47FF0B295AFF5D" box="[151,822,151,175]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/15FA6658CD41285DFF47FF0B295AFF5D" pageId="5" pageNumber="295" targetBox="[159,1394,202,462]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="413A36D0CD41285DFF47FF0B295AFF5D" blockId="5.[151,822,151,175]" box="[151,822,151,175]" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD41285DFF47FF0B2B65FF5D" bold="true" box="[151,265,152,175]" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86854D53CD41285DFEC0FF042BF4FF5D" box="[272,408,151,175]" class="Entoprocta" family="Loxosomatidae" genus="Loxosomella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coloniales" pageId="5" pageNumber="295" phylum="Kamptozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD41285DFEC0FF042BF4FF5D" box="[272,408,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">Loxosomella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species with appendages on the calyx.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="413A36D0CD41285DFF4FFF592F43FE5D" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<table id="3385C470CD41D7A7FF4FFF592F1EFE3C" box="[159,1394,202,462]" gridcols="3" gridrows="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<tr id="FFB53492CD41D7A7FF4FFF592F1EFF12" box="[159,1394,202,224]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<th id="BC645DEECD41D7A7FF4FFF592BDEFF12" box="[159,434,202,224]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">Species</th>
|
||
<th id="BC645DEECD41D7A7FE2BFF592E25FF12" box="[507,1097,202,224]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">Characteristics of appendages</th>
|
||
<th id="BC645DEECD41D7A7FBB3FF592F1EFF12" box="[1123,1394,202,224]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">Position of appendages</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="FFB53492CD41D7A7FF4FFF672F1EFEF8" box="[159,1394,244,266]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<th id="BC645DEECD41D7A7FF4FFF672BDEFEF8" box="[159,434,244,266]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86854D53CD41285DFF4FFF662BDEFEF8" authority="Harmer, 1915" authorityName="Harmer" authorityYear="1915" box="[159,434,244,266]" class="Entoprocta" family="Loxosomatidae" genus="Loxosomella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coloniales" pageId="5" pageNumber="295" phylum="Kamptozoa" rank="species" species="cirrifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD41285DFF4FFF662B7CFEF8" box="[159,272,244,266]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">L. cirrifera</emphasis>
|
||
(Harmer, 1915)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="BC645DEECD41D7A7FE2BFF672E25FEF8" box="[507,1097,244,266]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">Varying number of cirriform appendages</td>
|
||
<td id="BC645DEECD41D7A7FBB3FF672F1EFEF8" box="[1123,1394,244,266]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">Surface of body</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="FFB53492CD41D7A7FF4FFE8E2F1EFEC1" box="[159,1394,285,307]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<th id="BC645DEECD41D7A7FF4FFE8E2BDEFEC1" box="[159,434,285,307]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86854D53CD41285DFF4FFE8D2B1DFEC1" authority="Iseto, 2001" authorityName="Iseto" authorityYear="2001" box="[159,369,285,307]" class="Entoprocta" family="Loxosomatidae" genus="Loxosomella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coloniales" pageId="5" pageNumber="295" phylum="Kamptozoa" rank="species" species="lappa">
|
||
<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD41285DFF4FFE8D2A98FEC1" box="[159,244,285,307]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">L. lappa</emphasis>
|
||
Iseto, 2001
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="BC645DEECD41D7A7FE2BFE8E2E25FEC1" box="[507,1097,285,307]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">Many appendages</td>
|
||
<td id="BC645DEECD41D7A7FBB3FE8E2F1EFEC1" box="[1123,1394,285,307]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">Margin of the calyx rim</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="FFB53492CD41D7A7FF4FFED52F1EFEAF" box="[159,1394,326,349]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<th id="BC645DEECD41D7A7FF4FFED52BDEFEAF" box="[159,434,326,349]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86854D53CD41285DFF4FFEDB2BCFFEAE" authority="Iseto, 2003" authorityName="Iseto" authorityYear="2003" box="[159,419,326,349]" class="Entoprocta" family="Loxosomatidae" genus="Loxosomella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coloniales" pageId="5" pageNumber="295" phylum="Kamptozoa" rank="species" species="lecythifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD41285DFF4FFEDB2B4AFEAE" box="[159,294,326,349]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">L. lecythifera</emphasis>
|
||
Iseto, 2003
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="BC645DEECD41D7A7FE2BFED52E25FEAF" box="[507,1097,326,349]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">4–7 appendages</td>
|
||
<td id="BC645DEECD41D7A7FBB3FED52F1EFEAF" box="[1123,1394,326,349]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">Abfrontal side of the calyx</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="FFB53492CD41D7A7FF4FFEE32F1EFE74" box="[159,1394,368,390]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<th id="BC645DEECD41D7A7FF4FFEE32BDEFE74" box="[159,434,368,390]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86854D53CD41285DFF4FFEE22BF0FE74" authority="Iseto, 2001" authorityName="Iseto" authorityYear="2001" box="[159,412,368,390]" class="Entoprocta" family="Loxosomatidae" genus="Loxosomella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coloniales" pageId="5" pageNumber="295" phylum="Kamptozoa" rank="species" species="monocera">
|
||
<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD41285DFF4FFEE22B73FE74" box="[159,287,369,390]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">L. monocera</emphasis>
|
||
Iseto, 2001
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="BC645DEECD41D7A7FE2BFEE32E25FE74" box="[507,1097,368,390]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">One conspicuous long appendage</td>
|
||
<td id="BC645DEECD41D7A7FBB3FEE32F1EFE74" box="[1123,1394,368,390]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">Abfrontal midline of calyx</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="FFB53492CD41D7A7FF4FFE0A2F1EFE3C" box="[159,1394,409,462]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<th id="BC645DEECD41D7A7FF4FFE0A2BDEFE3C" box="[159,434,409,462]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86854D53CD41285DFF4FFE092BCCFE5D" authority="Harmer, 1915" authorityName="Harmer" authorityYear="1915" box="[159,416,409,431]" class="Entoprocta" family="Loxosomatidae" genus="Loxosomella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coloniales" pageId="5" pageNumber="295" phylum="Kamptozoa" rank="species" species="velata">
|
||
<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD41285DFF4FFE092A94FE5D" box="[159,248,409,431]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">L. velata</emphasis>
|
||
(Harmer, 1915)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="BC645DEECD41D7A7FE2BFE0A2E25FE3C" box="[507,1097,409,462]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">4–5 branched appendages, distal pair with horn-like shape (Iseto 2001, 2003)</td>
|
||
<td id="BC645DEECD41D7A7FBB3FE0A2F1EFE3C" box="[1123,1394,409,462]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">Each side of a calyx</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="413A36D0CD41285DFF17FD812975FD49" blockId="5.[151,1436,530,1131]" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">
|
||
Another remarkable feature of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86854D53CD41285DFDFCFD8028DAFDD8" box="[556,694,531,554]" class="Entoprocta" family="Loxosomatidae" genus="Loxosomella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coloniales" pageId="5" pageNumber="295" phylum="Kamptozoa" rank="species" species="unicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD41285DFDFCFD8028DAFDD8" box="[556,694,531,554]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">L. unicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the presence of two pigmented semicircular strips around the tentacle crown. A very similar structure was recorded in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86854D53CD41285DFCCBFDA42FF5FDBD" authority="Sanchez-Tocino" authorityName="Sanchez-Tocino" authorityYear="2009" box="[795,1433,566,591]" class="Entoprocta" family="Loxosomatidae" genus="Loxosomella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coloniales" pageId="5" pageNumber="295" phylum="Kamptozoa" rank="species" species="ameliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD41285DFCCBFDA429FEFDBC" box="[795,914,566,590]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">L. ameliae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="25144B21CD41285DFC4AFDA52FF5FDBD" author="Sanchez-Tocino" box="[922,1433,566,591]" pageId="5" pageNumber="295" refString="Sanchez-Tocino, L. & Tierno de Figueroa, J. M. (2009) Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Loxosomella (Entoprocta) from the Spanish Mediterranean Sea, with the description of a new species, Loxosomella ameliae sp. nov. Marine Biology Research, 5, 404 - 407. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000802534899" type="journal article" year="2009">Sánchez-Tocino & Tierno-de-Figueroa, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. There is a field of well-marked gland cells along the base of the tentacle crown, but this species lacks the horn-like structure on top of the calyx, and additionally differs in tentacle number (10–12), foot structure (having a foot groove and glandular cells) and body size (520–820 µm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="099F655BCD41285DFF17FD5528A1FB99" pageId="5" pageNumber="295" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="413A36D0CD41285DFF17FD5528A1FB99" blockId="5.[151,1436,530,1131]" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86854D53CD41285DFF17FD552BABFD2C" box="[199,455,710,734]" class="Entoprocta" family="Loxosomatidae" genus="Loxosomella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coloniales" pageId="5" pageNumber="295" phylum="Kamptozoa" rank="species" species="unicornis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD41285DFF17FD552BABFD2C" box="[199,455,710,734]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">Loxosomella unicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="68C257B9CD41285DFE1FFD552845FD2D" box="[463,553,710,735]" pageId="5" pageNumber="295" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD41285DFE1FFD552845FD2D" bold="true" box="[463,553,710,735]" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
appears to be an epibiont of bryozoans. Indeed, most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86854D53CD41285DFB5BFD552F76FD2C" box="[1163,1306,710,734]" class="Entoprocta" family="Loxosomatidae" genus="Loxosomella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coloniales" pageId="5" pageNumber="295" phylum="Kamptozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD41285DFB5BFD552F76FD2C" box="[1163,1306,710,734]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">Loxosomella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species are epibionts of different invertebrate animals such as polychaetes, bryozoans and sponges. Individual species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86854D53CD41285DFF47FC9D2B4AFCD4" box="[151,294,782,806]" class="Entoprocta" family="Loxosomatidae" genus="Loxosomella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coloniales" pageId="5" pageNumber="295" phylum="Kamptozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD41285DFF47FC9D2B4AFCD4" box="[151,294,782,806]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">Loxosomella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are usually associated with only one
|
||
<typeStatus id="9E3E8872CD41285DFD39FC9C2975FCD5" box="[745,793,783,807]" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of host animal (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="25144B21CD41285DFC31FC9D2EECFCD5" author="Nielsen" box="[993,1152,782,807]" pageId="5" pageNumber="295" refString="Nielsen, C. (1964) Studies on Danish Entoprocta. Ophelia, 1, 1 - 76. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00785326.1964.10416272" type="journal article" year="1964">Nielsen 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). About 20 loxosomatid species have been found associated with bryozoans. Five of them are similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86854D53CD41285DFB98FCA02EBFFCB8" box="[1096,1235,819,842]" class="Entoprocta" family="Loxosomatidae" genus="Loxosomella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coloniales" pageId="5" pageNumber="295" phylum="Kamptozoa" rank="species" species="unicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD41285DFB98FCA02EBFFCB8" box="[1096,1235,819,842]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">L. unicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having lateral compressions (wings) on the calyx and a similar number of tentacles, viz
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86854D53CD41285DFC1DFCC42F6BFC9D" ID-CoL="6QNMY" authority="Ryland, 1961" authorityName="Ryland" authorityYear="1961" box="[973,1287,854,879]" class="Entoprocta" family="Loxosomatidae" genus="Loxosomella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coloniales" pageId="5" pageNumber="295" phylum="Kamptozoa" rank="species" species="nordgaardi">
|
||
<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD41285DFC1DFCC42E04FC9C" box="[973,1128,854,878]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">L. nordgaardi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="25144B21CD41285DFBBFFCC52F6BFC9D" author="Ryland" box="[1135,1287,854,879]" pageId="5" pageNumber="295" refString="Ryland, J. S. (1961) Two species of Loxosomella (Entoprocta), from west Norway. Sarsia, 1, 31 - 38." type="journal article" year="1961">Ryland, 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86854D53CD41285DFAC3FCC42BA6FC61" ID-CoL="6QNKX" authority="Bagrov & Slyusarev, 2002" authorityName="Bagrov & Slyusarev" authorityYear="2002" class="Entoprocta" family="Loxosomatidae" genus="Loxosomella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coloniales" pageId="5" pageNumber="295" phylum="Kamptozoa" rank="species" species="marisalbi">
|
||
<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD41285DFAC3FCC42FF0FC9C" box="[1299,1436,854,878]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">L. marisalbi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="25144B21CD41285DFF47FCE82BA6FC61" author="Bagrov" box="[151,458,890,915]" pageId="5" pageNumber="295" refString="Bagrov, S. V. & Slyusarev, G. S. (2002) A new species of Loxosomella from the White Sea (Entoprocta: Loxosomatidae). Zoosystematica Rossica, 10, 281 - 283." type="journal article" year="2002">Bagrov & Slyusarev, 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and three species of uncertain position that were described as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86854D53CD41285DFB7CFCE82F73FC60" box="[1196,1311,891,914]" class="Entoprocta" family="Loxosomatidae" genus="Loxosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coloniales" pageId="5" pageNumber="295" phylum="Kamptozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD41285DFB7CFCE82F73FC60" box="[1196,1311,891,914]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">Loxosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but which probably belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86854D53CD41285DFEACFC0D2867FC44" box="[380,523,926,950]" class="Entoprocta" family="Loxosomatidae" genus="Loxosomella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coloniales" pageId="5" pageNumber="295" phylum="Kamptozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD41285DFEACFC0D2867FC44" box="[380,523,926,950]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">Loxosomella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86854D53CD41285DFDA9FC0C29CCFC45" authority="Kluge, 1946" authorityName="Kluge" authorityYear="1946" box="[633,928,926,951]" class="Entoprocta" family="Loxosomatidae" genus="Loxosomella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coloniales" pageId="5" pageNumber="295" phylum="Kamptozoa" rank="species" species="cingulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD41285DFDA9FC0C2968FC44" box="[633,772,926,950]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">L. cingulata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="25144B21CD41285DFCDFFC0D29CCFC45" author="Kluge" box="[783,928,926,951]" pageId="5" pageNumber="295" refString="Kluge, H. A. (1946) Kamptozoa from the Arctic Ocean. In: Buinitski, V. K. (Ed.), Report of the Expedition to Drifting Ice in the Central Arctic Ocean in the Ice-breaking Steamer G. Sedov, 1937 - 1940. Vol. 3. pp. 149 - 157. [In Russian]" type="journal article" year="1946">Kluge, 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86854D53CD41285DFC7EFC0C2E89FC45" authority="Harmer, 1915" authorityName="Harmer" authorityYear="1915" box="[942,1253,926,951]" class="Entoprocta" family="Loxosomatidae" genus="Loxosomella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coloniales" pageId="5" pageNumber="295" phylum="Kamptozoa" rank="species" species="loricatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD41285DFC7EFC0C2E50FC44" box="[942,1084,926,950]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">L. loricatum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="25144B21CD41285DFB97FC0C2E89FC45" author="Harmer" box="[1095,1253,926,951]" pageId="5" pageNumber="295" refString="Harmer, S. F. (1915) The Polyzoa of the Siboga Expedition, Part I. Entoprocta, Ctenostomata and Cyclostomata. Siboga Expeditie, 28 a (vi), 1 - 180. [pls 1 - 12]" type="book chapter" year="1915">Harmer, 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86854D53CD41285DFAF3FC0C2B48FC29" authority="Kluge, 1946" authorityName="Kluge" authorityYear="1946" class="Entoprocta" family="Loxosomatidae" genus="Loxosomella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coloniales" pageId="5" pageNumber="295" phylum="Kamptozoa" rank="species" species="rotunda">
|
||
<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD41285DFAF3FC0C2FF0FC44" box="[1315,1436,926,950]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">L. rotunda</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="25144B21CD41285DFF47FC512B48FC29" author="Kluge" box="[151,292,962,987]" pageId="5" pageNumber="295" refString="Kluge, H. A. (1946) Kamptozoa from the Arctic Ocean. In: Buinitski, V. K. (Ed.), Report of the Expedition to Drifting Ice in the Central Arctic Ocean in the Ice-breaking Steamer G. Sedov, 1937 - 1940. Vol. 3. pp. 149 - 157. [In Russian]" type="journal article" year="1946">Kluge, 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. All of these species differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86854D53CD41285DFD42FC502976FC28" box="[658,794,963,986]" class="Entoprocta" family="Loxosomatidae" genus="Loxosomella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coloniales" pageId="5" pageNumber="295" phylum="Kamptozoa" rank="species" species="unicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD41285DFD42FC502976FC28" box="[658,794,963,986]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">L. unicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in different respects.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86854D53CD41285DFBDCFC502ECBFC29" ID-CoL="6QNMY" box="[1036,1191,963,987]" class="Entoprocta" family="Loxosomatidae" genus="Loxosomella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coloniales" pageId="5" pageNumber="295" phylum="Kamptozoa" rank="species" species="nordgaardi">
|
||
<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD41285DFBDCFC502ECBFC29" box="[1036,1191,963,987]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">L. nordgaardi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks lateral papillae;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86854D53CD41285DFF47FC742B4DFC0C" ID-CoL="6QNKX" box="[151,289,998,1022]" class="Entoprocta" family="Loxosomatidae" genus="Loxosomella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coloniales" pageId="5" pageNumber="295" phylum="Kamptozoa" rank="species" species="marisalbi">
|
||
<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD41285DFF47FC742B4DFC0C" box="[151,289,998,1022]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">L. marisalbi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a calyx with three pairs of sensitive receptors; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86854D53CD41285DFC4BFC742EECFC0C" ID-CoL="72NKT" box="[923,1152,998,1022]" class="Entoprocta" family="Loxosomatidae" genus="Loxosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coloniales" pageId="5" pageNumber="295" phylum="Kamptozoa" rank="species" species="cingulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD41285DFC4BFC742EECFC0C" box="[923,1152,998,1022]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">Loxosoma cingulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks stomach lobes and bears 8–10 glandular cells along lateral wings;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86854D53CD41285DFD66FB98292EFBD1" box="[694,834,1035,1059]" class="Entoprocta" family="Loxosomatidae" genus="Loxosomella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coloniales" pageId="5" pageNumber="295" phylum="Kamptozoa" rank="species" species="loricatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD41285DFD66FB98292EFBD1" box="[694,834,1035,1059]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">L. loricatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs in size (its total length is up to 210 µm) and stomach shape (without lobes) and has only one pair of papillae;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86854D53CD41285DFCAFFBBC2999FBB4" box="[895,1013,1070,1094]" class="Entoprocta" family="Loxosomatidae" genus="Loxosomella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coloniales" pageId="5" pageNumber="295" phylum="Kamptozoa" rank="species" species="rotunda">
|
||
<emphasis id="73F1EAC2CD41285DFCAFFBBC2999FBB4" box="[895,1013,1070,1094]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="295">L. rotunda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is very small (total length about 270 µm) with a very short stalk and no lateral papillae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |