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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="297124" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7316519" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3f0f641c-cd4b-4694-8e47-c47be23ac2a9" ID-ISBN="0-8018-8221-4" checkinTime="1670905116760" checkinUser="guido" docAuthor="Wilson, Don E. &amp; Reeder, DeeAnn" docDate="2005" docId="C3BF8C737ACAFBFCF3FC6BB54CC5CCA3" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.2005.Carnivora.532-628.xml" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press" docTitle="Panthera onca" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="E69BF2968277AF6992A8FF32E9D4E7ED" lastPageNumber="546" masterDocId="E69BF2968277AF6992A8FF32E9D4E7ED" masterDocTitle="Order Carnivora" masterLastPageNumber="628" masterPageNumber="532" pageNumber="546" updateTime="1716792096583" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="EE18408B03679418C882F34851EB36E8">Order Carnivora</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B9385C958F434D57F3A356C3B978A9A3">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F89C71DD3B719E3AE6FFE3D41C902698">Reeder, DeeAnn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="97912C7B3433206CEBF0BE9FC3E76171">Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1</mods:title>
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<treatment id="C3BF8C737ACAFBFCF3FC6BB54CC5CCA3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11343939" ID-GBIF-Taxon="231548216" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11343939" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C3BF8C737ACAFBFCF3FC6BB54CC5CCA3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C3BF8C737ACAFBFCF3FC6BB54CC5CCA3" lastPageNumber="546" pageNumber="546" sourceUrl="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=14000240">
<subSubSection id="67F037BE9DF779E6FDBC964354CE4CF7" pageNumber="546" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A97691E7DA4A8C7C9B688F2D43DD49A0" pageNumber="546">
<taxonomicName id="20DA732637B3D561CB4D179267AFF8DA" ID-CoL="4CGXQ" authority="(Linnaeus 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Panthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="546" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="onca">
<emphasis id="1B740C55EBC490BD08D2056C76B8AA40" italics="true" pageNumber="546">Panthera onca</emphasis>
(Linnaeus 1758)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="814622DC8409EB89C9D84BC66168FCF1" pageNumber="546" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="79AA9E6846F48C750EEB44E801120DC8" pageNumber="546">
<treatmentCitation id="2D79AF498E57ED7A8250CD2AACB32E49" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3918501" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3918501" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:51146A50-7A07-4DEF-A027-6F68813970EC" author="Linnaeus" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Felis" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F67B20371145C735C767A00BF722DFD5" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" page="42" pageNumber="546" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="onca" title="Felis onca" volumeTitle="Syst. Nat., 10th ed., Vol. 1" year="1758">
<taxonomicName id="4E4697F3F8C3D07EADA5F784FE195A5A" ID-CoL="3DXVP" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Felis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="546" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="onca">
<emphasis id="EA349A4B41CB821990B0A25A3B682AED" italics="true" pageNumber="546">[Felis] onca</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7DC1C4418676E0F58D1F62D23537011F" author="Linnaeus, C." refId="ref213949" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classis, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tenth ed. Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp." year="1758">Linnaeus 1758</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibCitation id="763B58E63701841C99884F08F1F5A6F2" author="Linnaeus" pageNumber="546" pagination="42" title="Felis onca" volumeTitle="Syst. Nat., 10th ed., Vol. 1" year="1758">Syst. Nat., 10th ed., Vol. 1: 42</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9D77BF9138AC90AD292F8AB79B3C8AE2" pageNumber="546" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="834DEE4C842E47C99830FDC56C71A88B" pageNumber="546">
<emphasis id="1F407E6861694E8C67A0B1EB1FD31389" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="546">Type Locality:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B9389FF78218BCA330F2E4A628FCB34F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4867350392" country="Brazil" pageNumber="546" stateProvince="Pernambuco">
&quot;America meridionali&quot;, fixed by
<bibRefCitation id="1E58629EC130091E3A2296AAFA0CB67D" author="Thomas, O." refId="ref353417" refString="Thomas, O. 1911 a. The mammals of the tenth edition of Linnaeus; an attempt to fix the types of the genera and the exact bases and localities of the species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1911: 120 - 158." year="1911">
Thomas (1911
<emphasis id="954AF264FC9119A8206B07E12F16177B" italics="true" pageNumber="546">a</emphasis>
:136)
</bibRefCitation>
as &quot;
<collectingRegion id="D0E09392BA61CBFF7375F1762D9821A2" country="Brazil" name="Pernambuco">Pernambuco</collectingRegion>
&quot; [
<collectingCountry id="6BC087CF9D0AE660F89503E7CE297E7C" name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="76560235B685FF6584AD4F6809C4B8F2" pageNumber="546" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="770BE8FA46AA5B341A07B0DF93B0CBC1" pageNumber="546">
<emphasis id="592647F58E6895F71C886B5D4415A6BE" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="546">Vernacular Names:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="D2FAB9138EF49F62D7F302E2A6AE8F58" language="eng" pageNumber="546">Jaguar</vernacularName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9396DD294774F69261181B3B77EA6925" pageNumber="546" type="child_taxa">
<paragraph id="AE1A6192BC0D4F2D603BC5246144620C" pageNumber="546">
<emphasis id="DD0CB2AEA00C5F7B587F9F9E10253525" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="546">Subspecies:</emphasis>
:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="96C293CE7F72B93FA47FA6DDA7B407A7" pageNumber="546">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="EA0566E23DF872695CFA3E82547159FD" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Panthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="546" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="onca" subSpecies="onca">
<emphasis id="C3B18EFDB8F156E2777822355E599473" italics="true" pageNumber="546">Panthera onca</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="218A840A816B15C47A19A9EF1590F1CC" italics="true" pageNumber="546">onca</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="010FD53E1D73D8CD40321E70FA263F7D" author="Linnaeus, C." refId="ref213949" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classis, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tenth ed. Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp." year="1758">Linnaeus 1758</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5861F196CAF37A0C380B406A19DA6013" pageNumber="546">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="F7C33A94BA238EA244D16F5E7FACC12E" authority="Goldman 1932" authorityName="Goldman" authorityYear="1932" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Panthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="546" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="onca" subSpecies="arizonensis">
<emphasis id="A79FE5A8E0B1D17E9AD5F42B7B7C9BAC" italics="true" pageNumber="546">Panthera onca</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="2EEBF3B7049D855094D6A13E8DB5A3B7" italics="true" pageNumber="546">arizonensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DBAEBF702F7EFEED32B4E3D6DA259EA2" author="Goldman, E. A." refId="ref122747" refString="Goldman, E. A. 1932. Review of woodrats of Neotoma lepida group. Journal of Mammalogy, 13: 59 - 67." year="1932">Goldman 1932</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8D6B4D21674D6FF43B45FF228A9A0864" pageNumber="546">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="68EC6CF846BCEBBD7DCE6AFBA712689F" authority="Mearns 1901" authorityName="Mearns" authorityYear="1901" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Panthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="546" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="onca" subSpecies="centralis">
<emphasis id="3913D30E3ACA436BDD3297BF9C428B35" italics="true" pageNumber="546">Panthera onca</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="80333BD1DDC95242A0A7FA264172CEFE" italics="true" pageNumber="546">centralis</emphasis>
Mearns 1901
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="009E06C947EC297E87FD442599F49B14" pageNumber="546">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="CF1CC3DE2A2F41CED745A3022A66098B" authority="Mearns 1901" authorityName="Mearns" authorityYear="1901" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Panthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="546" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="onca" subSpecies="goldmani">
<emphasis id="166DE622A3FB0DCCE42D9F5BB888C66B" italics="true" pageNumber="546">Panthera onca</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="3B35A490568B651BE11C633BD0A8F32B" italics="true" pageNumber="546">goldmani</emphasis>
Mearns 1901
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A307B735B6CBF85849BFDA6F034CCEB" pageNumber="546">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="6C5563A39B708EDBB9ED81076A13E48C" authority="J. E. Gray 1857" authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1857" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Panthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="546" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="onca" subSpecies="hernandesii">
<emphasis id="BE1074B578686AF50414251FC6B80AA9" italics="true" pageNumber="546">Panthera onca</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="D9A4ACEA5A533C75CD9A8E54E2BAFE8F" italics="true" pageNumber="546">hernandesii</emphasis>
J. E. Gray 1857
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7925D8790240E434208F8F763CB1319A" pageNumber="546">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="4CCF1C6E2FF404C23AB573284EA5FF25" authority="Ameghino 1888" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1888" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Panthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="546" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="onca" subSpecies="palustris">
<emphasis id="80323DE5F6BC2FE43CD7E9EEEF078E5C" italics="true" pageNumber="546">Panthera onca</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="C323D0485BC9A3BAFA8D66D2C01176A1" italics="true" pageNumber="546">palustris</emphasis>
Ameghino 1888
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BD9D2C967E53F6FFF1C4C88CBD8E5554" pageNumber="546">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="FE78499DA3740952E0D866675322024B" authority="Hollister 1914" authorityName="Hollister" authorityYear="1914" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Panthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="546" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="onca" subSpecies="paraguensis">
<emphasis id="C1B38983DC49D2C197F6C17687B9B522" italics="true" pageNumber="546">Panthera onca</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="585A6926932C4EE4839734EFD49ED554" italics="true" pageNumber="546">paraguensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5C26E2F235E89BF20856BC43053DC552" author="Hollister, N." refId="ref156921" refString="Hollister, N. 1914. A systematic account of the grasshopper mice. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 47: 427 - 489." year="1914">Hollister 1914</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="642A35CDDBA99D9CF30F6590D081AB68" pageNumber="546">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="2A69065C331E5E9316BF765C03EDF595" authority="de Blainville 1843" authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1843" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Panthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="546" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="onca" subSpecies="peruviana">
<emphasis id="0FEA4481BA2E364F6779CB3D5A64D8E2" italics="true" pageNumber="546">Panthera onca</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="EF0530C315B9DB3076C52E059B5A9B73" italics="true" pageNumber="546">peruviana</emphasis>
de Blainville 1843
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D21D6C56D20261FE63A6A0650C90D1DB" pageNumber="546">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="CCEF2D7C98128E6EF94740F69A3F2BE2" authority="Nelson and Goldman 1933" authorityName="Nelson and Goldman" authorityYear="1933" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Panthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="546" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="onca" subSpecies="veraecruscis">
<emphasis id="857B9A578374BA6EE5DFF8A6B22FA7E6" italics="true" pageNumber="546">Panthera onca</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="3F08DBCA4609B4DDC0BEF1D872CC97FA" italics="true" pageNumber="546">veraecruscis</emphasis>
Nelson and Goldman 1933
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B2DFCA861F7CD54E478E4CB564D5AA01" pageNumber="546" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="51BE38B23F1E6A6876655DEA987504CA" pageNumber="546">
<emphasis id="00248B70D4351192B7106000B31897F5" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="546">Distribution:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="14620C456EC7D70F2F1228CF0D5DE195" name="Argentina">Argentina</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="99D9511B686B9F638EB249A67B9630F5" name="Belize">Belize</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="8AB53FD00D2BBFAA670DBFAE6D568554" name="Bolivia">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="D6630A72E532E852DE4B160027A553A1" name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C6058A5983C7E5D242014DED15F421A9" name="Colombia">Colombia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="5E1F3B0E5C6AA3F293E07CFC646245D2" name="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="5E479615DF39962E8689E9D85AD7E13F" name="Ecuador">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, French Guiana,
<collectingCountry id="4EC3C65E3803BE8AAA7F1ECD7F4C2C58" name="Guatemala">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="61E637BF1FF97D58B09D548842D91669" name="Guyana">Guyana</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="CC4965739BBE3F3E4DE973B969581508" name="Honduras">Honduras</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="2A4A8DEE4B4094FCA9887851E927F4E6" name="Mexico">Mexico</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="51A60533E029AAAF8C6ADFDA78EE7EBF" name="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="35BF9A43253F3D47391C43E2EBF2116C" name="Panama">Panama</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="FB64B7BFA1211FDFCE3C22A8D4477E29" name="Paraguay">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E36F299CA90B6604BE053489A7B951BF" name="Peru">Peru</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="8BCB051DEA7E2D1101A233FCBA5EAE5C" name="Suriname">Suriname</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="A6ACEB76ACEA4C2B133C2D280019BB3A" name="Venezuela">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
. Recently extinct in
<collectingCountry id="B021C2C74ED0E78865EE415FAC917867" name="United States of America">United States</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="5A330C55CBDD010707244A03775C765E" name="El Salvador">El Salvador</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="603A322F6C03A54F50FCED9E80638A25" name="Uruguay">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C08153F91D7461E519FA74E0DA84E472" pageNumber="546" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="463DD1BADC33B7E7090E0176D441C61B" pageNumber="546">
<emphasis id="E4F8237AAC0A730E8B195DF502056504" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="546">Conservation:</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="C168B1A8B7A29FE94F8928E4068CA463">CITES</collectionCode>
Appendix I;
<collectingCountry id="323781A5159741EA19B189478EB51839" name="United States of America">U. S.</collectingCountry>
<collectionCode id="814257F5D9D4A246268E8189D5037F7B" country="Brazil" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14319" name="Universidade de São Paulo" type="Herbarium">ESA</collectionCode>
Endangered;
<collectionCode id="3571D7D7B7ECDAF9A33013D3542E94D8">IUCN</collectionCode>
Near Threatened.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A796009771BB5B3ACA50DC8D7A32EE6C" pageNumber="546" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="7ADB0ECECE73B1B474EDD79499A61649" pageNumber="546">
<emphasis id="3FBA4C4146E6A64FBB21CF78125CABEA" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="546">Discussion:</emphasis>
Synonyms allocated according to
<bibRefCitation id="CBE337341B513027B5457DFB4B98E6C2" author="Hall, E. R." refId="ref137310" refString="Hall, E. R. 1981. The mammals of North America. Second ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1: 1 - 600 + 90, 2: 601 - 1181 + 90." year="1981">Hall (1981)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="F2EB8D917C23335D5E9AA43844B4807B" author="Seymour, K. L." refId="ref324373" refString="Seymour, K. L. 1989. Panthera onca. Mammalian Species, 340: 1 - 9." year="1989">Seymour (1989)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="64D7D830A5CFDCC3A050086E1F4810DB" author="Cabrera, A." refId="ref48681" refString="Cabrera, A. 1957 [1958] - 1961. Catalogo de los mamiferos de America del Sur. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales &quot; Bernardino Rivadavia &quot;. Ciencias Zoologicas, 4 (1): iv + 308 pp. [1958]; 4 (2): v-xxii + 309 - 732 [1961]." year="1957">Cabrera (1957)</bibRefCitation>
. Revised by
<bibRefCitation id="D1FA74750F26FED69324F651766A652B" author="Nelson, E. W. &amp; E. A. Goldman" refId="ref257555" refString="Nelson, E. W., and E. A. Goldman. 1933 a. Revision of the jaguars. Journal of Mammalogy, 14 (3): 221 - 240." year="1933">
<collectingRegion id="B0B4CF46B388578A345A7930F5D4CED3" country="New Zealand" name="Nelson">Nelson</collectingRegion>
and Goldman (1933
<emphasis id="499E909497C986C621B59FFDA8A4BD34" italics="true" pageNumber="546">a</emphasis>
)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2F464D295BB2A0A8BC13475E39FE4213" author="Pocock, R. I." refId="ref290560" refString="Pocock, R. I. 1939 b. The races of jaguar (Panthera onca). Novitates Zoologicae, 41: 406 - 422." year="1939">
Pocock (1939
<emphasis id="453EDB5A83A103711D2D7B8E86EADD5A" italics="true" pageNumber="546">b</emphasis>
)
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, and
<bibRefCitation id="87C143CC96292AFDD36A41F9B6ABEAA6" author="Larson, S. E." refId="ref204715" refString="Larson, S. E. 1997. Taxonomic re-evaluation of the Jaguar. Zoo Biology, 16: 107 - 120." year="1997">Larson (1997)</bibRefCitation>
. Placed in
<taxonomicName id="88F5B371BA93480895C415774D6A4CAA" authorityName="Oken" authorityYear="1816" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Panthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C4DB0132400251E66D40AAB34E64252B" italics="true" pageNumber="546">Panthera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="12A213ADF06694E45DA2AF604FE0B33A" author="Pocock, R. I." refId="ref290560" refString="Pocock, R. I. 1939 b. The races of jaguar (Panthera onca). Novitates Zoologicae, 41: 406 - 422." year="1939">
Pocock (1939
<emphasis id="B6E74C468A98CB317CE904EED1076C51" italics="true" pageNumber="546">b</emphasis>
)
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,
<bibRefCitation id="B95DCCBF0185F8E66464FB0C8C9D5EC8" author="Weigel, I." refId="ref386565" refString="Weigel, I. 1961. Das Fellmuster der wildlebenden Katzenarten und der Hauskatze in Vergleichender und Stammesgeschicher Hinsicht. Saugetierkundliche Mitteilungen, 9: 1 - 120." year="1961">Weigel (1961)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="9138174E2D0160EA3A843533AE127E9A" author="Hemmer, H." refId="ref146820" refString="Hemmer, H. 1978. The evolutionary systematics of living Felidae: Present status and current problems. Carnivore, 1 (1): 71 - 79." year="1978">Hemmer (1978)</bibRefCitation>
, Kratochvíl (1982
<emphasis id="DC7DD00A58ABE0999F7CB790AFAD0C19" italics="true" pageNumber="546">c</emphasis>
), and
<bibRefCitation id="EC3EAD0297FF644C19CB8193254A6D63" author="Groves, C. P." refId="ref131596" refString="Groves, C. P. 1982 a. Cranial and dental characteristics in the systematics of Old World Felidae. Carnivore, 5 (2): 28 - 39." year="1982">
Groves (1982
<emphasis id="ED21837905FAE73FDF79364BED49359A" italics="true" pageNumber="546">a</emphasis>
)
</bibRefCitation>
. Reviewed by
<bibRefCitation id="8D93D6D5D41F68F395D2D2B4E36FC824" author="Seymour, K. L." refId="ref324373" refString="Seymour, K. L. 1989. Panthera onca. Mammalian Species, 340: 1 - 9." year="1989">Seymour (1989)</bibRefCitation>
. A multivariate analysis of skull morphology could not discriminate among subspecies (
<bibRefCitation id="3D8F4AE8317BF54C5359D137AE57786E" author="Larson, S. E." refId="ref204715" refString="Larson, S. E. 1997. Taxonomic re-evaluation of the Jaguar. Zoo Biology, 16: 107 - 120." year="1997">Larson, 1997</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>