treatments-xml/data/A5/D9/66/A5D966150236576096615F5DEFFFAE03.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.184.69886" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c27b0eed-e113-4cb7-bb69-c9acef39d187" ID-PMC="PMC8589774" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-184-103" ID-Pensoft-UUID="A220BC2ACAEF5E90BA0B9DE9C52599E9" ID-PubMed="34785974" ModsDocID="1314-2003-184-103" checkinTime="1636108713133" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wen, Zhao-Jie, Huang, Yun-Fen, Hu, Yan-Hua, Nguyen, Khang Sinh &amp; Wu, Lei" docDate="2021" docId="A5D966150236576096615F5DEFFFAE03" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 184: 103-110" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 184" docPubDate="2021-11-05" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.184.69886" docTitle="Spiradiclis detianensis L. Wu, Y. F. Huang &amp; Z. J. Wen 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="A220BC2ACAEF5E90BA0B9DE9C52599E9" lastPageNumber="103" masterDocId="A220BC2ACAEF5E90BA0B9DE9C52599E9" masterDocTitle="Spiradiclis detianensis (Rubiaceae, Ophiorrhizeae), a new species from southwestern Guangxi, China" masterLastPageNumber="110" masterPageNumber="103" pageNumber="103" updateTime="1668140482820" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Spiradiclis detianensis (Rubiaceae, Ophiorrhizeae), a new species from southwestern Guangxi, China</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wen, Zhao-Jie</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, Nanchang 330032, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Huang, Yun-Fen</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Guangxi Institute of Traditional Medical &amp; Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanning 530022, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hu, Yan-Hua</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Nguyen, Khang Sinh</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18, Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wu, Lei</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">wuleiibk@163.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-11-05</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>184</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>103</mods:start>
<mods:end>110</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.184.69886</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.184.69886</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-184-103</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">A220BC2ACAEF5E90BA0B9DE9C52599E9</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="189997827" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A5D966150236576096615F5DEFFFAE03" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A5D966150236576096615F5DEFFFAE03" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<taxonomicName LSID="A5D96615-0236-5760-9661-5F5DEFFFAE03" authority="L. Wu, Y. F. Huang &amp; Z. J. Wen" authorityName="L. Wu, Y. F. Huang &amp; Z. J. Wen" authorityYear="2021" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Spiradiclis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Spiradiclis detianensis" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="detianensis" status="sp. nov.">Spiradiclis detianensis L.Wu, Y.F.Huang &amp; Z.J.Wen</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="103">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Spiradiclis detianensis A habit B stipule C inflorescence, side view D opened long-style flower E opened short-style flower F capsule, side view G capsule under matured, face view. Scale bar: 1 cm (A, C, D, E); 2 mm (B, F, G). Drawn from the holotype by X. Y. Zeng." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.184.69886.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/606622" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Figs 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Spiradiclis detianensis A habit B inflorescence C leaves D, E stipule F, G short- and long-styled flower, front view H opened long- and short-styled flower, showing style and stamens I ovary, side view J infructescence, side view. S. tubiflora K habit L inflorescence. Scale bars: 1 cm (B, C, H, J, L); 2 mm (D, E, F, G, I). Photos by Z. J. Wen and L. Wu." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.184.69886.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/606623" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">, 2 A - I</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-03-30" country="China" county="Daxin county" elevation="700" latitude="22.866667" location="Detian village" longLatPrecision="1258" longitude="106.71667" municipality="Shuolong town" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Guangxi" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry name="China">China</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Guangxi">Guangxi</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingCounty>Daxin county</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality>Shuolong town</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A5D966150236576096615F5DEFFFAE03:951804FDAE245797B339C168336D23D3" country="China" county="Daxin county" latitude="22.866667" longLatPrecision="1258" longitude="106.71667" municipality="Shuolong town" name="Detian village" stateProvince="Guangxi">Detian village</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="22.866667">22°52'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="106" direction="east" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="106.71667">106°43'E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="6.5" unit="m" value="700.0" valueMax="750.0" valueMin="650.0">
elevation 
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="6.5" unit="m" value="700.0" valueMax="750.0" valueMin="650.0">650-750 m</quantity>
</elevation>
, 
<collectingDate value="2018-03-30">30 March 2018</collectingDate>
(fl.), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Zhao-Jie Wen &amp; Guang-Fu Mou 18033001</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
: CSFI [CSFI069613]; isotypes: CSFI, IBK)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
The new species is similar to 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Spiradiclis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Spiradiclis cordata" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Spiradiclis cordata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. tubiflora" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tubiflora">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">S. tubiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but it differs from the former mainly by the cuneate leaf base (vs. cordate) and much longer corolla tubes (1.8-2.2 cm long vs. ca. 5 mm long), and from the latter by its subrosulate habit (vs. procumbent to creeping), longer and wider leaf blades (7.0-10.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.0-3.5 cm vs. 0.5-2.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.4-1.5 cm), more secondary veins (7-10 pairs vs. 3-5 pairs) and longer corolla tubes (18-22 mm vs. 14-16 mm).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
Perennial herb, up to 15 cm tall; stems densely pubescent, erect or ascending, lower part rooting at nodes. Leaves subrosulate; petiole 0.8-1.7 cm long; leaf blade drying papery, obovate-lanceolate or oblong, 7.0-10.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.0-3.5 cm, obtuse or acute at apex, cuneate at base, adaxially dark green, puberulent, abaxially light green, pubescent, densely pubescent along veins at lower surface; secondary veins in 7-10 pairs; stipules persistent, pubescent, narrowly triangular, 3.2-5.7 mm long, or 2-5-lobed, lobes linear-triangular, upper part filiform. Inflorescence cymose, 2-7-flowered; peduncle 9-14 cm long, pubescent; bracts linear-triangular, 4-6 mm long, subglabrous; pedicels 0.5-5 mm long, pubescent. Flowers distylous. Calyx puberulent; hypanthium portion obconic, ca. 2 mm long; lobes triangular, 1.2-2.9 mm long, acute at apex. Corolla white to pink, tubular-funnel shaped, puberulent outside; tube 1.8-2.2 cm long, sharply enlarged at the 1/3 lower part of the corolla tube, 4.5-6.8 mm in diam. at throat, 1.8-2.5 mm in diam. near base; lobes triangular-ovate, 4.5-5.6 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3.5-4.3 mm long. Stamens 5; anthers linear. Stigma bilobed; ovary 2-celled. Long-styled flowers: corolla tube inside with densely pubescence near base and densely puberulent above anther and on to lobes; anthers inserted near base of corolla tube, 1.9-2.3 mm long; style 1.2-1.4 cm long, puberulent; stigma inserted at between middle and throat of corolla tube, 2-lobed, lobes elliptic, 1.8-2.2 mm long. Short-styled flowers: corolla tube inside densely puberulent; anthers inserted often at or a little above middle of corolla tube, 2.6-3.3 mm long; style 1.5-3.4 mm long, glabrous; stigma near base of corolla tube, lobes ovate-triangular, 1.3-1.6 mm long. Capsules subglobose, 2.5-3.2 mm in diam., valves 4 when matured. Seeds many, angular.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="phenology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Phenology</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">. Flowering March to April, fruiting from May to July.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">The specific epithet refers to the type locality, where a famous attraction, Detian Waterfall, is situated.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="chinese name">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Chinese name.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<normalizedToken originalValue="德天螺序草">德天螺序草</normalizedToken>
(de-tian-luo-xu-cao in Mandarin).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
Until now, only two populations of the new species have been found. They are both known from limestone hills of southern Guangxi. Plants of the new species prefer to grow at humid places at elevation range of 500-800 m, under evergreen broad-leaved forests with tree species of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Laurales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lauraceae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName family="Tiliaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="family">Tiliaceae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Theaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Ericales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Theaceae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName family="Myrsinaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="family">Myrsinaceae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Magnoliaceae</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Sapindaceae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.184.69886.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/606622" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="L. Wu, Y. F. Huang &amp; Z. J. Wen" authorityYear="2021" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Spiradiclis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Spiradiclis detianensis" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="detianensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Spiradiclis detianensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A</emphasis>
habit 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">B</emphasis>
stipule 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C</emphasis>
inflorescence, side view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">D</emphasis>
opened long-style flower 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">E</emphasis>
opened short-style flower 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">F</emphasis>
capsule, side view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">G</emphasis>
capsule under matured, face view. Scale bar: 1 cm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A, C, D, E</emphasis>
); 2 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">B, F, G</emphasis>
). Drawn from the holotype by X.Y. Zeng.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.184.69886.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/606623" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="L. Wu, Y. F. Huang &amp; Z. J. Wen" authorityYear="2021" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Spiradiclis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Spiradiclis detianensis" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="detianensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Spiradiclis detianensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A</emphasis>
habit 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">B</emphasis>
inflorescence 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C</emphasis>
leaves 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">D, E</emphasis>
stipule 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">F, G</emphasis>
short- and long-styled flower, front view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">H</emphasis>
opened long- and short-styled flower, showing style and stamens 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">I</emphasis>
ovary, side view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">J</emphasis>
infructescence, side view. 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. tubiflora" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tubiflora">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">S. tubiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">K</emphasis>
habit 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">L</emphasis>
inflorescence. Scale bars: 1 cm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">B, C, H, J, L</emphasis>
); 2 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">D, E, F, G, I</emphasis>
). Photos by Z.J. Wen and L. Wu.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="provisional conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Provisional conservation status</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
. During a series of field investigations at the China-Vietnam border over the past ten years (2009-2019), only three populations of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="L. Wu, Y. F. Huang &amp; Z. J. Wen" authorityYear="2021" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Spiradiclis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Spiradiclis detianensis" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="detianensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Spiradiclis detianensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been observed. One site with nearly 59 matured individuals is distributed in Detian Waterfall (type locality), while the other two sites with more than 250 and 114 individuals are in the Longzhou county and Ningming county, respectively. The habitats of the three sites are in good condition and have been rarely influenced by humans. Considering the above, the species can be assigned a status of 'Least 
<normalizedToken originalValue="concern’">concern'</normalizedToken>
[LC] following the guidelines of 
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="Nordic Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B4" refString="IUCN, 2019. Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 12. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" title="Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 12. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee." url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2019">IUCN (2019)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
Our unpublished molecular data indicates that 
<taxonomicName authorityName="L. Wu, Y. F. Huang &amp; Z. J. Wen" authorityYear="2021" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Spiradiclis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Spiradiclis detianensis" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="detianensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Spiradiclis detianensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows the closest genetic relationship with 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. cordata" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">S. cordata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Both species prefer to grow on limestone hills from southern Guangxi, China, and have similar habit, such as short stems, subrosulate leaves, long peduncles, heterostylous flowers, funnel-shaped corollas and subglobose capsules. However, the former can be easily distinguished from the latter mainly by its leaf blade basally cuneate (vs. basally cordate) and corolla tubes 1.8-2.2 cm long (vs. ca. 5 mm long) (more detailed comparisons are listed in Table 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphological comparison of Spiradiclis detianensis, S. tubiflora and S. cordata Lo et W. L. Sha." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/209FDFFD650FB6EEC026753B18293B73" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" tableUuid="209FDFFD650FB6EEC026753B18293B73">1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="209FDFFD650FB6EEC026753B18293B73" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/209FDFFD650FB6EEC026753B18293B73" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" start="Table 1" startId="T1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Table 1.</emphasis>
Morphological comparison of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="L. Wu, Y. F. Huang &amp; Z. J. Wen" authorityYear="2021" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Spiradiclis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Spiradiclis detianensis" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="detianensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Spiradiclis detianensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. tubiflora" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tubiflora">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">S. tubiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. cordata" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">S. cordata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Lo et W. L. Sha.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<th colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">-</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="L. Wu, Y. F. Huang &amp; Z. J. Wen" authorityYear="2021" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Spiradiclis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Spiradiclis detianensis" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="detianensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Spiradiclis detianensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. cordata" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">S. cordata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. spathulata" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spathulata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">S. spathulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. tubiflora" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tubiflora">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">S. tubiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">Habit</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">rosulate to subrosulate</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">rosulate to subrosulate</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">rosulate</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">procumbent to creeping</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">Leaf blade</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">
obovate-lanceolate or oblong, 7.0-10.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.0-3.5 cm, base cuneate, apex obtuse or acute
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">
elliptic-ovate to elliptic-oblong, 5-13 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2-5.5 cm, base cordate, apex obtuse to rounded
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">
spatulate or obovate-oblanceolate, 8-13 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2-4.5 cm, base acute to cuneate, apex obtuse to rounded
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">
ovate to elliptic, 0.5-2.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.4-1.5 cm, base rounded to obtuse, apex acute to rounded
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">Secondary vein</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">7-10 pairs</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">15-19 pairs</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">15-25 pairs</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">3-5 pairs</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">petiole</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">0.8-1.7 cm long</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">1-7 cm long</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">5-8 mm long</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">0.3-1.8 cm long</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">Stipule</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">triangular, entire or bifid</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">deeply 2-lobed, lobes linear</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">lanceolate-linear or linear</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">narrowly linear</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">Inflorescence</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">cymose, one per plant, 2-7-flowered</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">cymose to paniculate, 1-3 per plant, many flowered</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">cymose, 10- to many flowered</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">cymose, one per plant, 2-5-flowered</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">Peduncle</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">9-14 cm long</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">6-16 cm long</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">7-12 cm long</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">1.2-1.5 cm long</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">Bract</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">linear-triangular, 4-6 mm long</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">linear or subulate, 2 mm long</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">linear-lanceolate, 3-4 mm long</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">subulate, 1.8-3.0 mm long</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">Calyx lobe</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">triangular, 1.2-2.9 mm long</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">triangular, ca. 0.8 mm long</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">narrowly lanceolate, 1-1.3 mm long</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">triangular, 1.4-1.6 mm long</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">Corolla color</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">Purple</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">White</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">purple-reddish</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">white</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">Corolla tube</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">tubular-funnelform, sharply enlarged at the 1/3 lower part of the corolla tube, 18-22 mm long</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">tubular-funnelform, sharply enlarged at the middle or 1/3 upper part of the corolla tube, 5 mm long</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">slenderly salverform, tube 15-25 mm long</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">tubular-funnelform, slightly enlarged from the base to the throat, 14-16 mm long</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">Corolla inside (long-styled form)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">without villous ring</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">with villous ring at middle</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">with villous ring at middle</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">Without villous ring</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<taxonomicName authorityName="L. Wu, Y. F. Huang &amp; Z. J. Wen" authorityYear="2021" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Spiradiclis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Spiradiclis detianensis" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="detianensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Spiradiclis detianensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very similar to 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. spathulata" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spathulata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">S. spathulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in morphology, since both have subrosetted habit, obovate-oblanceolate leaf blades, long peduncles and subglobose capsules, but it differs mainly by its corolla tubular-funnel shaped (vs. slenderly salver shaped), 4.5-6.8 (vs. 1.5-2) mm in diam. at the middle and densely pubescence inside corolla near base and densely puberulent above anther and onto lobes (vs. glabrous except a ring of long hairs at the middle) (more detailed comparisons are listed in Table 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphological comparison of Spiradiclis detianensis, S. tubiflora and S. cordata Lo et W. L. Sha." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/209FDFFD650FB6EEC026753B18293B73" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" tableUuid="209FDFFD650FB6EEC026753B18293B73">1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<taxonomicName authorityName="L. Wu, Y. F. Huang &amp; Z. J. Wen" authorityYear="2021" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Spiradiclis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Spiradiclis detianensis" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="detianensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Spiradiclis detianensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a distinct species in the genus 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Spiradiclis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Spiradiclis" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Spiradiclis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
due to the corolla tubes 18-22 mm long and having the shape of a reversed wine bottle, with an abruptly narrowed lower third, 4.5-6.8 mm in diam. at throat, 1.8-2.5 mm in diam. near base. Until now, only one other known species, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. tubiflora" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tubiflora">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">S. tubiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.Wu, B.M.Wang &amp; B.Pan (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.130.34625" author="Wu, L" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="217 - 224" refId="B24" refString="Wu, L, Wang, BM, Pan, B, Yu, XL, 2019b. Spiradiclis tubiflora (Rubiaceae), a new cave-dwelling species from southern China. PhytoKeys 130: 217 - 224, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.130.34625" title="Spiradiclis tubiflora (Rubiaceae), a new cave-dwelling species from southern China." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.130.34625" volume="130" year="2019 b">Wu et al. 2019b</bibRefCitation>
), has a similar corolla shape (see Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Spiradiclis detianensis A habit B inflorescence C leaves D, E stipule F, G short- and long-styled flower, front view H opened long- and short-styled flower, showing style and stamens I ovary, side view J infructescence, side view. S. tubiflora K habit L inflorescence. Scale bars: 1 cm (B, C, H, J, L); 2 mm (D, E, F, G, I). Photos by Z. J. Wen and L. Wu." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.184.69886.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/606623" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">2 K &amp; L</figureCitation>
). However, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. detianensis" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="detianensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">S. detianensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. tubiflora" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tubiflora">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">S. tubiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
principally by its rosulate habit (vs. procumbent to creeping), leaf blades longer than 7 cm and wider than 2 cm (vs. shorter than 2.5 cm and narrower than 1.5 cm), secondary veins 7-10 pairs (vs. 3-5 pairs) and longer corolla tubes (vs. 18-22 mm vs. 14-16 mm) (more detailed comparisons are listed in Table 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphological comparison of Spiradiclis detianensis, S. tubiflora and S. cordata Lo et W. L. Sha." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/209FDFFD650FB6EEC026753B18293B73" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" tableUuid="209FDFFD650FB6EEC026753B18293B73">1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Additional specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
(
<typeStatus>paratypes</typeStatus>
). 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2011-07-28" collectingDateMax="2019-04-02" collectingDateMin="2011-07-28" country="China" county="Longzhou county" location="Niming county" municipality="Nonggang National Nature Reserve" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Guangxi">
<collectingCountry name="China">China</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Guangxi">Guangxi</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingCounty>Longzhou county</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality>Nonggang National Nature Reserve</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingDate value="2019-04-02">2 April 2019</collectingDate>
(fl.), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Zheng-Quan Nong nzq0004</emphasis>
(CSFI); 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A5D966150236576096615F5DEFFFAE03:739AA554B9D09142BC315565008E3EF3" country="China" county="Longzhou county" municipality="Nonggang National Nature Reserve" name="Niming county" stateProvince="Guangxi">Niming county</location>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A5D966150236576096615F5DEFFFAE03:8E93094A80EEDA7F0A8853E6642F843A" country="China" county="Longzhou county" municipality="Nonggang National Nature Reserve" name="Tingliang Town" stateProvince="Guangxi">Tingliang Town</location>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A5D966150236576096615F5DEFFFAE03:83261B990F62A817E519F95E073C17D8" country="China" county="Longzhou county" municipality="Nonggang National Nature Reserve" name="Lixin village" stateProvince="Guangxi">Lixin village</location>
, 
<collectingDate value="2011-07-28">28 July 2011</collectingDate>
(fr.), Yu-Song Huang 9422 (IBK)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>