273 lines
36 KiB
XML
273 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="766FFDBDD78A54CD5D733827B48254EE" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3691.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c566ff57-5a45-411c-98d9-0e65200455af" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="284237" ID-ZooBank="E98CE6DF-AF3B-4AAA-95CB-8ACD615C9FCC" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460649558648" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cairns, Stephen D. & Zibrowius, Helmut" docDate="2013" docId="955B87C9A15CDD0DFF22F89CF1CA28E7" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03691p057.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3691 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Conopora tenuiramus Cairns & Zibrowius, 2013, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="6962FFB1A175DD27FFB5FF81F2432F5F" masterDocTitle="Stylasteridae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Filifera) from South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="57" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="42" updateTime="1698337733500" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="AD95B9A971EAC16683EB9F6485DB2363" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="BEB277CEAB98E68822A0595F63216D09">
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<mods:title id="90733AE0D2A54D4D79FB0DAB92F65A75">Stylasteridae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Filifera) from South Africa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="55D1F00F133AEDECEE1E4891A2C8F97C" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="5C32E51A7B1F0D3ADF732B084CC75E69">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="669B1CDF2426C0CD30B0C2647FB7990A">Cairns, Stephen D.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="6DDEEF3CD752B45C56D7CFF7B38F8819" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="64B4C8C355D7CE27062A3975132EF750">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A1479A02E6E19AB06798D1E173C056CE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="EEDF63ED9DE5982AE78D0427032B6000">Zibrowius, Helmut</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="0563EC82F8FF8F42EB120EF6E9F0E339">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="1C1BD96678990062813B417FE21F0C91">
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<mods:title id="E3AD3F8D752720B90587EF62C8531059">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="0E0E0FC5C358DBA10BC2C14755E90158">
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<mods:date id="D92038F08D7B043CD9F6D23AEFD91155">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="94A8E5B41122A73470C5B70C4E64B3B7" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="93B1A6E09EA5295A72A5D670B19BC469">3691</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="D78C55A47108F5B8B2164AF13EB26A84" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="A0A0D0B078F4D153FAB950EC6172913F">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="E8B01F7521F5C2A2F27D6383B8E2B01E">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="579F9E8BC2FB1B6CDF31667C39FE9ED6">57</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="4CC86FAB30DC331C86FB3A52C756FCE8">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="A682C50E3BBBAD428EC70BAE6A968FA4" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3691.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E361551E69F3B7F543AD9B9E9C86CA3E" type="GBIF-Dataset">c566ff57-5a45-411c-98d9-0e65200455af</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="873BAEC0340627A070E1D41FB04AE5FC" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B3CB6A133DEA7CA3CB3B733EA21605CA" type="Zenodo-Dep">284237</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="955B87C9A15CDD0DFF22F89CF1CA28E7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5619785" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127664964" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5619785" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:955B87C9A15CDD0DFF22F89CF1CA28E7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/955B87C9A15CDD0DFF22F89CF1CA28E7" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<subSubSection id="55E86554A15CDD0EFF22F89CF3D92808" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA15CDD0EFF22F89CF0452868" blockId="41.[151,518,1821,1879]" box="[151,518,1821,1847]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<heading id="460581B3A15CDD0EFF22F89CF0452868" bold="true" box="[151,518,1821,1847]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" reason="1">
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||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA15CDD0EFF22F89CF0452868" bold="true" box="[151,518,1821,1847]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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||
<taxonomicName id="DAF24D5CA15CDD0EFF22F89CF3E32868" ID-CoL="XSHS" box="[151,416,1821,1847]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Conopora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tenuiramus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="2F86EACDA15CDD0EFF22F89CF3E32868" bold="true" box="[151,416,1821,1847]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Conopora tenuiramus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="34B557B6A15CDD0EFE1DF89CF0452868" box="[424,518,1821,1847]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA15CDD0EFF22F8BEF3D92808" blockId="41.[151,518,1821,1879]" box="[151,410,1855,1879]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<figureCitation id="85C92A5AA15CDD0EFF22F8BEF2A22808" box="[151,225,1855,1879]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1779,1802]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1758]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Colonies of various species: A, Stenohelia venusta, holotype. B, Stenohelia spinifera, holotype. C, Conopora sola, holotype. D, Conopora verrucosa, Valdivia 104. E – F, Conopora tenuiramus, E, female paratype from PF 14306; F, holotype. G – I, Crypthelia micropoma, UCTES SCD 301 (H, male; I, female)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/284240/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
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E–F, 20A–N, 25
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="55E86554A15CDD0DFF22F809F3DB2E43" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA15CDD0EFF22F809F017289B" blockId="41.[151,1436,1927,2024]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<emphasis id="2F86EACDA15CDD0EFF22F809F35D28FF" bold="true" box="[151,286,1928,1952]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Etymology.</emphasis>
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From the Latin
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<taxonomicName id="DAF24D5CA15CDD0EFE6FF808F05E28FF" box="[474,541,1929,1952]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Conopora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tenuis">
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<emphasis id="2F86EACDA15CDD0EFE6FF808F05E28FF" box="[474,541,1929,1952]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">tenuis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(thin) and
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<emphasis id="2F86EACDA15CDD0EFD28F808F0A028FF" box="[669,739,1929,1952]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">ramus</emphasis>
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(branch), an allusion to the slender terminal branches of this species; treated as a noun in apposition.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA15CDD0EFF72F851F7DF28B7" blockId="41.[151,1436,1927,2024]" box="[199,1436,1999,2024]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<emphasis id="2F86EACDA15CDD0EFF72F851F3B128B7" bold="true" box="[199,498,1999,2024]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<typeStatus id="C249887DA15CDD0EFF72F851F34F28B7" box="[199,268,2000,2024]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Types</typeStatus>
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and
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<typeStatus id="C249887DA15CDD0EFEFDF851F3C028B7" box="[328,387,2000,2024]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Type</typeStatus>
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Locality.
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</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="C249887DA15CDD0EFE4CF851F02528B7" box="[505,614,2000,2024]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<emphasis id="2F86EACDA15CDD0EFDC5F850F0D928B7" box="[624,666,2001,2024]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">MN</emphasis>
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SM228, female colony, SAM, and SEM stubs 1690, 1693 (USNM).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA15FDD0DFF22FF19F3DB2E43" blockId="42.[151,1436,151,1976]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<typeStatus id="C249887DA15FDD0DFF22FF19F34B2FEF" box="[151,264,152,176]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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:
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<emphasis id="2F86EACDA15FDD0DFEA7FF18F37F2FEF" box="[274,316,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">MN</emphasis>
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SM162, 4 branch fragments, gender indeterminate, SAM;
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<emphasis id="2F86EACDA15FDD0DFC64FF18F1B82FEF" box="[977,1019,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">MN</emphasis>
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SM228,
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<specimenCount id="0BF4FD56A15FDD0DFBD7FF16F6EE2FF0" box="[1122,1197,151,175]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="male">2 male</specimenCount>
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branches, SAM;
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<emphasis id="2F86EACDA15FDD0DFAC7FF18F7DF2FEF" box="[1394,1436,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">MN</emphasis>
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SM232, 2 dead male branch fragments, SAM, and SEM stub1690 (USNM);
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<emphasis id="2F86EACDA15FDD0DFBAFFF3CF67F2F8B" box="[1050,1084,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">PF</emphasis>
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14306,
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<specimenCount id="0BF4FD56A15FDD0DFB21FF3DF6BB2F8B" box="[1172,1272,188,212]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
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colony, SAM H1455.
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<typeStatus id="C249887DA15FDD0DFF46FF61F3682FA7" box="[243,299,224,248]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Type</typeStatus>
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Locality:
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<geoCoordinate id="78C65018A15FDD0DFE14FF5EF0562FA8" box="[417,533,223,247]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" precision="92" value="-32.491665">32°29.5’S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="78C65018A15FDD0DFD97FF5EF0D62FA8" box="[546,661,223,247]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" precision="92" value="28.951666">28°57.1’E</geoCoordinate>
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(continental slope north of East London, off northern Eastern Cape Province),
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<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA15FDD0DFEA4FE85F3D02E43" box="[273,403,260,284]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.75" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.5" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="675.0" valueMax="700.0" valueMin="650.0">
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650–
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<specimenCount id="0BF4FD56A15FDD0DFEFCFE85F3D02E43" box="[329,403,260,284]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="generic">700 m</specimenCount>
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</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="55E86554A15FDD0DFF72FEA6F2AD2E3B" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA15FDD0DFF72FEA6F2AD2E3B" blockId="42.[151,1436,151,1976]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis id="2F86EACDA15FDD0DFF72FEA6F3F52E1F" bold="true" box="[199,438,295,320]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Material Examined.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="C249887DA15FDD0DFE09FEA9F0412E1F" box="[444,514,296,320]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Types</typeStatus>
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. Reference Material: Broch’s (1936)
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<collectingCountry id="65E5764FA15FDD0DFC2AFEA6F64F2E60" box="[927,1036,295,319]" name="Mauritius" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
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specimen of
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<taxonomicName id="DAF24D5CA15FDD0DFB14FEA9F7472E1F" box="[1185,1284,296,320]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Conopora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tenuis">
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<emphasis id="2F86EACDA15FDD0DFB14FEA9F7472E1F" box="[1185,1284,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">C. tenuis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="DAF24D5CA15FDD0DFA8CFEA9F7DF2E1F" box="[1337,1436,296,320]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Conopora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="major">
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<emphasis id="2F86EACDA15FDD0DFA8CFEA9F7DF2E1F" box="[1337,1436,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">C. major</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(ZMC).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="55E86554A15FDD0DFF72FEEEF1C7282F" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="description">
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<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA15FDD0DFF72FEEEF7012C03" blockId="42.[151,1436,151,1976]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis id="2F86EACDA15FDD0DFF72FEEEF31A2ED7" bold="true" box="[199,345,367,392]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Description.</emphasis>
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Colonies are uniplanar and relatively small, the
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<typeStatus id="C249887DA15FDD0DFC33FEEEF1AB2ED8" box="[902,1000,367,391]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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(
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<figureCitation id="85C92A5AA15FDD0DFC4CFEEEF67F2ED8" box="[1017,1084,367,391]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1779,1802]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1758]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Colonies of various species: A, Stenohelia venusta, holotype. B, Stenohelia spinifera, holotype. C, Conopora sola, holotype. D, Conopora verrucosa, Valdivia 104. E – F, Conopora tenuiramus, E, female paratype from PF 14306; F, holotype. G – I, Crypthelia micropoma, UCTES SCD 301 (H, male; I, female)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/284240/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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F) only
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<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA15FDD0DFB2CFEEEF6A42ED8" box="[1177,1255,367,391]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="cm" value="3.8">3.8 cm</quantity>
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tall and
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<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA15FDD0DFAFBFEEEF7DF2ED8" box="[1358,1436,367,391]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="cm" value="2.4">2.4 cm</quantity>
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broad, with an intact basal branch having a diameter of
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<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA15FDD0DFCBFFE15F1322EF3" box="[778,881,404,428]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="2.75">2.75 mm</quantity>
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. However, larger colonies are known (
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<emphasis id="2F86EACDA15FDD0DFA96FE14F7062EF3" box="[1315,1349,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">PF</emphasis>
|
||
14306), which are up to
|
||
<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA15FDD0DFEFCFE36F33C2E90" box="[329,383,439,463]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="cm" value="6.0">6 cm</quantity>
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||
long and
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<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA15FDD0DFE58FE36F07B2E90" box="[493,568,439,463]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="cm" value="1.1">1.1 cm</quantity>
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in diameter, most of the main branch diameter consumed with a polynoid gall tube. Regardless of the size of the colonies, the distal branches are invariable delicate and thin, usually less in diameter than the cyclosystems they support. All colonies support a commensal polynoid gall tube (
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<figureCitation id="85C92A5AA15FDD0DFAB9FE7EF7192D48" box="[1292,1370,511,535]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1779,1802]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1758]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Colonies of various species: A, Stenohelia venusta, holotype. B, Stenohelia spinifera, holotype. C, Conopora sola, holotype. D, Conopora verrucosa, Valdivia 104. E – F, Conopora tenuiramus, E, female paratype from PF 14306; F, holotype. G – I, Crypthelia micropoma, UCTES SCD 301 (H, male; I, female)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/284240/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
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E, F), which is prominent in the basal part of the main branches, often forming a web-like membrane that seems to envelope the lower branches. Branching is dichotomous, nodes occurring at almost every cyclosystem, producing a highly ramified and often anastomotic colony. The coenosteal texture is a well-defined linear-imbricate (
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<figureCitation id="85C92A5AA15FDD0DFAD1FDEDF2F62DF8" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1845,1868]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1828]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[151,1436,181,1828]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 20. Conopora tenuiramus (A – L, female holotype, MN SM 228, SAM; M – N, male paratype, MN SM 232, SAM): A, unifacially arranged cyclosystems. B – D, cyclosystems showing the regular placement of one nematopore per pseudoseptum (C is a stereo pair). E, nematopores on outer edges of each pseudoseptum. F, stereo view of double-chambered gastropore tube. G – I, linear-imbricate coenosteal texture. J, transition of linear-imbricate to smooth coenosteal texture. K, a single nematopore mound. L, female ampulla and efferent pore. M, transverse section though several male ampullae lodged in polynoid gall tube coenosteum. N, longitudinal section of male ampullae in polynoid gall tube coenosteum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/284257/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Figs. 20</figureCitation>
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G–I), the strips being 70–80 µm in width, with about 65 platelet leading edges per mm, although parts of some colonies appear to have a smooth (worn?) texture (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85C92A5AA15FDD0DFD64FD35F1662D93" box="[721,805,692,716]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1845,1868]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1828]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[151,1436,181,1828]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 20. Conopora tenuiramus (A – L, female holotype, MN SM 228, SAM; M – N, male paratype, MN SM 232, SAM): A, unifacially arranged cyclosystems. B – D, cyclosystems showing the regular placement of one nematopore per pseudoseptum (C is a stereo pair). E, nematopores on outer edges of each pseudoseptum. F, stereo view of double-chambered gastropore tube. G – I, linear-imbricate coenosteal texture. J, transition of linear-imbricate to smooth coenosteal texture. K, a single nematopore mound. L, female ampulla and efferent pore. M, transverse section though several male ampullae lodged in polynoid gall tube coenosteum. N, longitudinal section of male ampullae in polynoid gall tube coenosteum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/284257/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
J). The platelets are somewhat roughened by having low longitudinal ridges. The branch and polynoid gall tube coenosteum, ampullae, and pseudosepta are densely covered with low nematopore mounds, the pores on the coenosteum and ampullae 20–40 µm in diameter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85C92A5AA15FDD0DFB62FD7DF76B2C4B" box="[1239,1320,764,788]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1845,1868]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1828]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[151,1436,181,1828]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 20. Conopora tenuiramus (A – L, female holotype, MN SM 228, SAM; M – N, male paratype, MN SM 232, SAM): A, unifacially arranged cyclosystems. B – D, cyclosystems showing the regular placement of one nematopore per pseudoseptum (C is a stereo pair). E, nematopores on outer edges of each pseudoseptum. F, stereo view of double-chambered gastropore tube. G – I, linear-imbricate coenosteal texture. J, transition of linear-imbricate to smooth coenosteal texture. K, a single nematopore mound. L, female ampulla and efferent pore. M, transverse section though several male ampullae lodged in polynoid gall tube coenosteum. N, longitudinal section of male ampullae in polynoid gall tube coenosteum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/284257/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
K) and the mounds up to 30 µm in height, whereas those on the pseudosepta are usually slightly larger (35–45 µm in diameter) and flush with the coenosteum, and arranged one to a pseudoseptum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85C92A5AA15FDD0DFC17FCC5F1B72C03" box="[930,1012,836,860]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1845,1868]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1828]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[151,1436,181,1828]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 20. Conopora tenuiramus (A – L, female holotype, MN SM 228, SAM; M – N, male paratype, MN SM 232, SAM): A, unifacially arranged cyclosystems. B – D, cyclosystems showing the regular placement of one nematopore per pseudoseptum (C is a stereo pair). E, nematopores on outer edges of each pseudoseptum. F, stereo view of double-chambered gastropore tube. G – I, linear-imbricate coenosteal texture. J, transition of linear-imbricate to smooth coenosteal texture. K, a single nematopore mound. L, female ampulla and efferent pore. M, transverse section though several male ampullae lodged in polynoid gall tube coenosteum. N, longitudinal section of male ampullae in polynoid gall tube coenosteum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/284257/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
C, E). The colonies are white.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA15FDD0DFF64FCE6F18A2C98" blockId="42.[151,1436,151,1976]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Cyclosystems are unifacially arranged on all branches in a linear manner, elliptical to slightly irregular in shape (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85C92A5AA15FDD0DFF50FC0DF3012CFB" box="[229,322,908,932]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1845,1868]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1828]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[151,1436,181,1828]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 20. Conopora tenuiramus (A – L, female holotype, MN SM 228, SAM; M – N, male paratype, MN SM 232, SAM): A, unifacially arranged cyclosystems. B – D, cyclosystems showing the regular placement of one nematopore per pseudoseptum (C is a stereo pair). E, nematopores on outer edges of each pseudoseptum. F, stereo view of double-chambered gastropore tube. G – I, linear-imbricate coenosteal texture. J, transition of linear-imbricate to smooth coenosteal texture. K, a single nematopore mound. L, female ampulla and efferent pore. M, transverse section though several male ampullae lodged in polynoid gall tube coenosteum. N, longitudinal section of male ampullae in polynoid gall tube coenosteum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/284257/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Figs. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
B–D), and 1.0–
|
||
<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA15FDD0DFE59FC0DF0022CFB" box="[492,577,908,932]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in greater diameter. Based on 40 cyclosystems, the range of dactylopores per cyclosystem is 13–19; the average is 16.0 (ơ = 1.13); and the mode is 15.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA15FDD0DFF72FC55F7102B23" blockId="42.[151,1436,151,1976]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
The gastropore tube is double chambered (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85C92A5AA15FDD0DFD1DFC55F0B82CB3" box="[680,763,980,1004]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1845,1868]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1828]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[151,1436,181,1828]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 20. Conopora tenuiramus (A – L, female holotype, MN SM 228, SAM; M – N, male paratype, MN SM 232, SAM): A, unifacially arranged cyclosystems. B – D, cyclosystems showing the regular placement of one nematopore per pseudoseptum (C is a stereo pair). E, nematopores on outer edges of each pseudoseptum. F, stereo view of double-chambered gastropore tube. G – I, linear-imbricate coenosteal texture. J, transition of linear-imbricate to smooth coenosteal texture. K, a single nematopore mound. L, female ampulla and efferent pore. M, transverse section though several male ampullae lodged in polynoid gall tube coenosteum. N, longitudinal section of male ampullae in polynoid gall tube coenosteum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/284257/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
F), the lower chamber flattened, about
|
||
<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA15FDD0DFB04FC55F7562CB3" box="[1201,1301,980,1004]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="0.45">0.45 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter and
|
||
<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA15FDD0DFF7DFC76F36D2B50" box="[200,302,1015,1039]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="0.15">0.15 mm</quantity>
|
||
in height, separated from the upper spherical chamber by a delicate gastropore ring constriction of about
|
||
<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA15FDD0DFF6BFB9DF3062B6B" box="[222,325,1052,1076]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="0.26">0.26 mm</quantity>
|
||
diameter. The upper chamber is about
|
||
<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA15FDD0DFCBFFB9DF1322B6B" box="[778,881,1052,1076]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="0.35">0.35 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, above which the gastropore tube is flanked with dactylotomes. Dactylotomes range from 75–80 µm in width, the pseudosepta being slightly wider and more variable in width, ranging from
|
||
<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA15FDD0DFD88FBE5F0A02B23" box="[573,739,1124,1148]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="0.155" valueMax="0.21" valueMin="0.1">0.10–0.21 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The tops of the pseudosepta are flat to slightly convex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA15FDD0DFF72FB06F3EC2A0B" blockId="42.[151,1436,151,1976]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Female ampullae are massive swellings (up to
|
||
<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA15FDD0DFD6DFB06F16C2BFF" box="[728,815,1159,1184]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter), sometimes even hemispherical, but often partially submerged in the coenosteum, most clustered in the coenosteum forming the polynoid gall tube (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85C92A5AA15FDD0DFADBFB2DF2F52BB8" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1845,1868]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1828]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[151,1436,181,1828]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 20. Conopora tenuiramus (A – L, female holotype, MN SM 228, SAM; M – N, male paratype, MN SM 232, SAM): A, unifacially arranged cyclosystems. B – D, cyclosystems showing the regular placement of one nematopore per pseudoseptum (C is a stereo pair). E, nematopores on outer edges of each pseudoseptum. F, stereo view of double-chambered gastropore tube. G – I, linear-imbricate coenosteal texture. J, transition of linear-imbricate to smooth coenosteal texture. K, a single nematopore mound. L, female ampulla and efferent pore. M, transverse section though several male ampullae lodged in polynoid gall tube coenosteum. N, longitudinal section of male ampullae in polynoid gall tube coenosteum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/284257/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
L). Efferent pores are well defined, lateral in position, and about
|
||
<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA15FDD0DFC27FB4EF6752BB7" box="[914,1078,1231,1256]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="0.275" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.25">0.25–0.30 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. Male ampullae are also clustered in the polynoid gall tube coenosteum and frequently internal, only seen in a cross sectional break of the polynoid gall tube coenosteum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85C92A5AA15FDD0DFD99FA96F0CA2A70" box="[556,649,1303,1327]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1845,1868]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1828]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[151,1436,181,1828]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 20. Conopora tenuiramus (A – L, female holotype, MN SM 228, SAM; M – N, male paratype, MN SM 232, SAM): A, unifacially arranged cyclosystems. B – D, cyclosystems showing the regular placement of one nematopore per pseudoseptum (C is a stereo pair). E, nematopores on outer edges of each pseudoseptum. F, stereo view of double-chambered gastropore tube. G – I, linear-imbricate coenosteal texture. J, transition of linear-imbricate to smooth coenosteal texture. K, a single nematopore mound. L, female ampulla and efferent pore. M, transverse section though several male ampullae lodged in polynoid gall tube coenosteum. N, longitudinal section of male ampullae in polynoid gall tube coenosteum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/284257/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Figs. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
M, N). They are about
|
||
<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA15FDD0DFC3BFA96F6552A6F" box="[910,1046,1303,1328]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="0.55" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
in internal diameter; their efferent pores were not observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA15FDD0DFF72FADEF341290F" blockId="42.[151,1436,151,1976]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA15FDD0DFF72FADEF32E2A27" bold="true" box="[199,365,1375,1400]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Comparisons.</emphasis>
|
||
Only one other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAF24D5CA15FDD0DFD2FFAE1F14F2A28" box="[666,780,1376,1399]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Conopora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA15FDD0DFD2FFAE1F14F2A28" box="[666,780,1376,1399]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Conopora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has unifacially-arranged cyclosystems (but see below),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAF24D5CA15FDD0DFA37FAE1F3E02AC3" authority="Cairns, 1991" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="1991" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Conopora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="unifacialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA15FDD0DFA37FAE1F34D2AC3" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">C. unifacialis</emphasis>
|
||
Cairns, 1991
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="65E5764FA15FDD0DFE45FA04F0C82AC3" box="[496,651,1412,1436]" name="New Zealand" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAF24D5CA15FDD0DFD28FA04F1D72AC3" box="[669,916,1413,1436]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Conopora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tenuiramus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA15FDD0DFD28FA04F1D72AC3" box="[669,916,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Conopora tenuiramus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is easily distinguished from that species by its thicker pseudosepta, lesser number of dactylopores per cyclosystem, polychaete commensalism, and gastropore tube shape. But,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAF24D5CA15FDD0DFEE3FA4CF00D2ABB" box="[342,590,1485,1508]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Conopora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tenuiramus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA15FDD0DFEE3FA4CF00D2ABB" box="[342,590,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Conopora tenuiramus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAF24D5CA15FDD0DFCAEFA4CF6692ABB" authority="Studer, 1878" authorityName="Studer" authorityYear="1878" box="[795,1066,1484,1508]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Conopora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="laevis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA15FDD0DFCAEFA4CF13D2ABB" box="[795,894,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">C. laevis</emphasis>
|
||
(Studer, 1878)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, especially in its delicate colony shape, polychaete commensalism, nematopore distribution, and ampullar shape, but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAF24D5CA15FDD0DFB21FA71F7782957" box="[1172,1339,1520,1544]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Conopora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tenuiramus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA15FDD0DFB21FA71F7782957" box="[1172,1339,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">C. tenuiramus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished by having unifacially arranged cyclosystems, more dactylopores per cyclosystem, and thinner branches.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA15FDD0DFF72F9DDF01E29E3" blockId="42.[151,1436,151,1976]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Although similar, the specimen reported from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="65E5764FA15FDD0DFD6AF9DDF10F292B" box="[735,844,1628,1652]" name="Mauritius" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
|
||
by Broch (1936) as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAF24D5CA15FDD0DFBF5F9DCF74D292B" authority="Hickson" authorityName="Hickson" box="[1088,1294,1628,1652]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Conopora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tenuis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA15FDD0DFBF5F9DCF6E4292B" box="[1088,1191,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">C. tenuis</emphasis>
|
||
Hickson
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectingCountry id="65E5764FA15FDD0DFA8DF9DDF7DB292B" box="[1336,1432,1628,1652]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 1905, has smaller cyclosystems and female ampullae, hemispherical female ampullae, and a mixture of unifacial and sympodially arranged cyclosystems.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA15FDD0DFF72F949F1C7282F" blockId="42.[151,1436,151,1976]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAF24D5CA15FDD0DFF72F949F3FE29BF" box="[199,445,1736,1760]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Conopora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tenuiramus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA15FDD0DFF72F949F3FE29BF" box="[199,445,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Conopora tenuiramus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was also compared to Broch’s (1936)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAF24D5CA15FDD0DFCDCF949F67229BF" authority="Hickson" authorityName="Hickson" box="[873,1073,1736,1760]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Conopora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="major">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA15FDD0DFCDCF949F18F29BF" box="[873,972,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">C. major</emphasis>
|
||
Hickson
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectingCountry id="65E5764FA15FDD0DFBE6F949F6F029BF" box="[1107,1203,1736,1760]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 1905, also collected from off
|
||
<collectingCountry id="65E5764FA15FDD0DFEB8F96DF33E285B" box="[269,381,1772,1796]" name="Mauritius" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Both species have unifacial cyclosystems, a polynoid commensal, and similarly-sized cyclosystems and ampullae, but Broch’s specimens differ in having female efferent pores that open within the gastropore tube, and frequently having enlarged (widened) pseudosepta in the abcauline position of the cyclosystem, resembling incipient lids characteristic of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAF24D5CA15FDD0DFCB0F8D9F13F282F" box="[773,892,1880,1904]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Crypthelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA15FDD0DFCB0F8D9F13F282F" box="[773,892,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Crypthelia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="55E86554A15FDD0DFF72F8FAF1CA28E7" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA15FDD0DFF72F8FAF1CA28E7" blockId="42.[151,1436,151,1976]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA15FDD0DFF72F8FAF32328CB" bold="true" box="[199,352,1915,1940]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Continental shelf and slope off southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="65E5764FA15FDD0DFC30F8FDF65F28CB" box="[901,1052,1916,1940]" name="South Africa" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
from Cape Seal (Western Cape Province) to northern Eastern Cape Province (Fig. 25),
|
||
<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA15FDD0DFCB6F821F1C628E7" box="[771,901,1952,1976]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9799999999999995" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="1.46" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="398.0" valueMax="650.0" valueMin="146.0">
|
||
146–
|
||
<specimenCount id="0BF4FD56A15FDD0DFC8FF821F1C628E7" box="[826,901,1952,1976]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="generic">650 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |