245 lines
31 KiB
XML
245 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="0D20F6BD0886FD2A953570F55BD054FC" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3691.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c566ff57-5a45-411c-98d9-0e65200455af" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="284237" ID-ZooBank="E98CE6DF-AF3B-4AAA-95CB-8ACD615C9FCC" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460649558648" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cairns, Stephen D. & Zibrowius, Helmut" docDate="2013" docId="955B87C9A150DD00FF22FC6EF1A32DB0" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03691p057.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3691 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Stenohelia spinifera Cairns & Zibrowius, 2013, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="40" masterDocId="6962FFB1A175DD27FFB5FF81F2432F5F" masterDocTitle="Stylasteridae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Filifera) from South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="57" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="38" updateTime="1698337733500" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="A0FC408D5EDDA0FBDA0DCC64531DDAA8" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="4AA6DA2087F51808D63C134E2E66BBB8">
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<mods:title id="9195810388DB858CAEC186829BE92860">Stylasteridae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Filifera) from South Africa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="38E1E836788172D9CA74E813D574E01D" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="60769B2B97FA8DD3E1B4C22BB8F80372">
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<mods:roleTerm id="6E33902071AFF73CEB329BF1064CBC96">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="F680726DD1C258A8BCFBDC4D4CEB5323">Cairns, Stephen D.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="754C6D8DC503544C26439E64E3ADFCED" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="CE1AFD4034139EBD4CF6C6A3FFBFACE5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="3E12E6A203A8EBC5A080B30735B68CD7">Zibrowius, Helmut</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="4808D26D920D69559DC0418A0CBA017C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="C0E8031E7EE5C0ECB2FC6B0B3529C540">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="2159D75D60D3662674E4A99735AE748C">
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<mods:date id="004AC499E3922E8F0618419D667B57EE">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="4004BC3B8215FA2EA88F6C2C7E61E742" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="5B5447F1605094F8FC472AAEE53A70D7">3691</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="743750CB766ADDB17E3E173B09BA840B" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="9FB66876989FFF11A82394B697839F4B">1</mods:number>
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<mods:end id="E36FB7275F700D0BBFA972F9CE77E49B">57</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="A39B004C5C1DFE195E92BCA011F03C18">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="7785C2CA9DA03C13A3A39F0678B510D0" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3691.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="03B727EE90B7FFCFFC090D5925319A0F" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CC6618F58059E32F8A5640B7ADE573C9" type="Zenodo-Dep">284237</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="955B87C9A150DD00FF22FC6EF1A32DB0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5619775" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127664969" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5619775" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:955B87C9A150DD00FF22FC6EF1A32DB0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/955B87C9A150DD00FF22FC6EF1A32DB0" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<subSubSection id="55E86554A150DD02FF22FC6EF3C62B75" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA150DD02FF22FC6EF3AE2B56" blockId="37.[151,493,1007,1066]" box="[151,493,1007,1033]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<heading id="460581B3A150DD02FF22FC6EF3AE2B56" bold="true" box="[151,493,1007,1033]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="2F86EACDA150DD02FF22FC6EF3AE2B56" bold="true" box="[151,493,1007,1033]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<taxonomicName id="DAF24D5CA150DD02FF22FC6EF3CA2B56" ID-CoL="4ZZ5B" box="[151,393,1007,1033]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stenohelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="spinifera" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="2F86EACDA150DD02FF22FC6EF3CA2B56" bold="true" box="[151,393,1007,1033]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Stenohelia spinifera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="34B557B6A150DD02FE25FC6EF3AE2B56" box="[400,493,1007,1033]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA150DD02FF22FB93F3C62B75" blockId="37.[151,493,1007,1066]" box="[151,389,1042,1066]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<figureCitation id="85C92A5AA150DD02FF22FB93F2A02B75" box="[151,227,1042,1066]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1779,1802]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1758]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Colonies of various species: A, Stenohelia venusta, holotype. B, Stenohelia spinifera, holotype. C, Conopora sola, holotype. D, Conopora verrucosa, Valdivia 104. E – F, Conopora tenuiramus, E, female paratype from PF 14306; F, holotype. G – I, Crypthelia micropoma, UCTES SCD 301 (H, male; I, female)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/284240/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
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B, 18A–M, 31
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="55E86554A150DD02FF22FBD4F6EA2B86" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA150DD02FF22FBD4F3262BCE" blockId="37.[151,1436,1109,2033]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<emphasis id="2F86EACDA150DD02FF22FBD4F35D2B32" bold="true" box="[151,286,1109,1133]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Etymology.</emphasis>
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From the Latin
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<emphasis id="2F86EACDA150DD02FE68FBD4F00F2B32" box="[477,588,1109,1133]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">spiniferus</emphasis>
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, meaning spine bearing, an allusion to the prominent and densely packed nematopore tubes.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA150DD02FF72FB1CF6EA2B86" blockId="37.[151,1436,1109,2033]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<emphasis id="2F86EACDA150DD02FF72FB1CF3B62BE9" bold="true" box="[199,501,1181,1206]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<typeStatus id="C249887DA150DD02FF72FB1CF3492BEA" box="[199,266,1181,1205]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Types</typeStatus>
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and
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<typeStatus id="C249887DA150DD02FEF9FB1CF3C62BEA" box="[332,389,1181,1205]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Type</typeStatus>
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Locality.
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</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="C249887DA150DD02FDB5FB1CF02E2BEA" box="[512,621,1181,1205]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<emphasis id="2F86EACDA150DD02FDCCFB1FF0D82BEA" box="[633,667,1182,1205]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">PF</emphasis>
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13479,
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<specimenCount id="0BF4FD56A150DD02FD44FB1CF17D2BEA" box="[753,830,1181,1205]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
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colony, SAM H1461, and SEM stub 1692 (USNM).
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<typeStatus id="C249887DA150DD02FF22FB43F28C2B85" box="[151,207,1218,1242]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Type</typeStatus>
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Locality: off Sandy Point (near Cape Morgan, northern Eastern Cape Province),
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<specimenCount id="0BF4FD56A150DD02FBEEFB40F6EA2B86" box="[1115,1193,1217,1241]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="generic">
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||
<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA150DD02FBEEFB40F6E62B86" box="[1115,1189,1217,1241]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7399999999999998" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="174.0">174 m</quantity>
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.
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</specimenCount>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="55E86554A150DD02FF72FB64F3BA2BA2" box="[199,505,1253,1278]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA150DD02FF72FB64F3BA2BA2" blockId="37.[151,1436,1109,2033]" box="[199,505,1253,1278]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<emphasis id="2F86EACDA150DD02FF72FB64F3F42BA1" bold="true" box="[199,439,1253,1278]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Material Examined.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="C249887DA150DD02FE08FB67F3B12BA1" box="[445,498,1254,1278]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Type</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="55E86554A150DD00FF72FA88F3CB2D63" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="description">
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<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA150DD02FF72FA88F29E2942" blockId="37.[151,1436,1109,2033]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<emphasis id="2F86EACDA150DD02FF72FA88F31A2A7D" bold="true" box="[199,345,1289,1314]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Description.</emphasis>
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The
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<typeStatus id="C249887DA150DD02FE26FA88F3B62A7E" box="[403,501,1289,1313]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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(
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<figureCitation id="85C92A5AA150DD02FDB0FA88F00B2A7E" box="[517,584,1289,1313]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1779,1802]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1758]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Colonies of various species: A, Stenohelia venusta, holotype. B, Stenohelia spinifera, holotype. C, Conopora sola, holotype. D, Conopora verrucosa, Valdivia 104. E – F, Conopora tenuiramus, E, female paratype from PF 14306; F, holotype. G – I, Crypthelia micropoma, UCTES SCD 301 (H, male; I, female)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/284240/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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B) is uniplanar,
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||
<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA150DD02FD4BFA88F1082A7E" box="[766,843,1289,1313]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="cm" value="2.8">2.8 cm</quantity>
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tall and
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<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA150DD02FC1AFA88F64A2A7E" box="[943,1033,1289,1313]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="cm" value="1.95">1.95 cm</quantity>
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wide, with a basal branch diameter of
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<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA150DD02FF0CFAACF3562A1A" box="[185,277,1325,1349]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="3.8">3.8 mm</quantity>
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. Branch anastomosis does not occur. The coenosteum is composed of reticulate strips 40–60 µm in width, each strip covered with bundles of slender rods, the rods 9–10 µm in length and about 2 µm in diameter, producing a rough microtexture (
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<figureCitation id="85C92A5AA150DD02FDAEFAF4F0332AD2" box="[539,624,1397,1421]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1861,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[151,1436,193,1840]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 18. Stenohelia spinifera, male holotype from PF 13479, SAM H 1461: A, stereo view of cyclosystems and tall nematopore tubes. B – C, individual cyclosystems and tall nematopore tubes. D, pseudosepta. E – F, rough reticulate coenosteal texture. G – H, nematopore tubes. I, a dactyloglossa. J, cross section of an internal male ampulla. K, stereo view of a gastrostyle, but with a broken tip. L, cross section of male ampullae, and a broken gastrostyle. M, spination on the gastrostyle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/284255/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
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E, F). The coenosteum, as well as the sides of the cyclosystems and ampullae, are densely covered with tall (up to
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<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA150DD02FD11FA18F14E2AEE" box="[676,781,1433,1457]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="0.26">0.26 mm</quantity>
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), slender papillae (nematopore tubes,
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<figureCitation id="85C92A5AA150DD02FB0CFA18F7512AEE" box="[1209,1298,1433,1457]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1861,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[151,1436,193,1840]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 18. Stenohelia spinifera, male holotype from PF 13479, SAM H 1461: A, stereo view of cyclosystems and tall nematopore tubes. B – C, individual cyclosystems and tall nematopore tubes. D, pseudosepta. E – F, rough reticulate coenosteal texture. G – H, nematopore tubes. I, a dactyloglossa. J, cross section of an internal male ampulla. K, stereo view of a gastrostyle, but with a broken tip. L, cross section of male ampullae, and a broken gastrostyle. M, spination on the gastrostyle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/284255/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Figs. 18</figureCitation>
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A–C, G, H), each with an apical pore 19–27 µm in diameter, sometimes 2 or 3 papillae fusing into a wider ridge having 2 or 3 apical pores. Altogether these nematopores spines produce a characteristically spiny aspect. The coenosteum is white.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA150DD02FF72F9A8F3BD298E" blockId="37.[151,1436,1109,2033]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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Cyclosystems are unifacial in placement, positioned in a staggered arrangement on the anterior branch face (
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<figureCitation id="85C92A5AA150DD02FF2AF9CCF2A0293A" box="[159,227,1613,1637]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1779,1802]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1758]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Colonies of various species: A, Stenohelia venusta, holotype. B, Stenohelia spinifera, holotype. C, Conopora sola, holotype. D, Conopora verrucosa, Valdivia 104. E – F, Conopora tenuiramus, E, female paratype from PF 14306; F, holotype. G – I, Crypthelia micropoma, UCTES SCD 301 (H, male; I, female)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/284240/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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B). Cyclosystems are circular to slightly elliptical in shape, with a somewhat sinuous outer edge due to the high concavity of the pseudosepta; cyclosystems are up to
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<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA150DD02FCFDF9F0F1E129D6" box="[840,930,1649,1673]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
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||
in greater diameter. The
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<typeStatus id="C249887DA150DD02FB78F9F0F76C29D6" box="[1229,1327,1649,1673]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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bears 45 cyclosystems. Based on 26 cyclosystems, the range of dactylopores per cyclosystem is 12–15; the average is 13.35 (ơ = 0.098); and the mode is 14.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA150DD00FF72F95CF28C2E43" blockId="37.[151,1436,1109,2033]" lastBlockId="39.[151,1437,151,752]" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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Gastropores are round and about
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<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA150DD02FDEDF95CF08229AA" box="[600,705,1757,1781]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.40 mm</quantity>
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in diameter; the gastropore tube is elongate and curved 90°, characteristic of the genus, such that the tip of the gastrostyle is not visible. The gastrostyle occupies the lower spherical portion of the gastropore tube, which is about 70 µm in diameter. It is supported by a short. cylindrical (about
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<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA150DD02FF50F8C8F378283E" box="[229,315,1865,1889]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
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||
in diameter) pedestal that supports a toroidal middle section about
|
||
<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA150DD02FB9DF8C8F6CF283E" box="[1064,1164,1865,1889]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="0.55">0.55 mm</quantity>
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||
in diameter and
|
||
<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA150DD02FAF2F8C8F7DF283E" box="[1351,1436,1865,1889]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
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||
tall (
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<figureCitation id="85C92A5AA150DD02FF7CF8ECF35A28DA" box="[201,281,1901,1925]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1861,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[151,1436,193,1840]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 18. Stenohelia spinifera, male holotype from PF 13479, SAM H 1461: A, stereo view of cyclosystems and tall nematopore tubes. B – C, individual cyclosystems and tall nematopore tubes. D, pseudosepta. E – F, rough reticulate coenosteal texture. G – H, nematopore tubes. I, a dactyloglossa. J, cross section of an internal male ampulla. K, stereo view of a gastrostyle, but with a broken tip. L, cross section of male ampullae, and a broken gastrostyle. M, spination on the gastrostyle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/284255/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
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K, L). Above this section is an apical spine of unknown dimensions (
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<figureCitation id="85C92A5AA150DD02FBADF8ECF62428DA" box="[1048,1127,1901,1925]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1861,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[151,1436,193,1840]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 18. Stenohelia spinifera, male holotype from PF 13479, SAM H 1461: A, stereo view of cyclosystems and tall nematopore tubes. B – C, individual cyclosystems and tall nematopore tubes. D, pseudosepta. E – F, rough reticulate coenosteal texture. G – H, nematopore tubes. I, a dactyloglossa. J, cross section of an internal male ampulla. K, stereo view of a gastrostyle, but with a broken tip. L, cross section of male ampullae, and a broken gastrostyle. M, spination on the gastrostyle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/284255/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
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K); there is no ring palisade or sphincter. The middle and upper portions are densely covered with laterally fused spines, the spines up to
|
||
<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA150DD02FADEF810F2802892" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="0.13">0.13 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85C92A5AA150DD02FEF3F834F3DA2892" box="[326,409,1973,1997]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1861,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[151,1436,193,1840]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 18. Stenohelia spinifera, male holotype from PF 13479, SAM H 1461: A, stereo view of cyclosystems and tall nematopore tubes. B – C, individual cyclosystems and tall nematopore tubes. D, pseudosepta. E – F, rough reticulate coenosteal texture. G – H, nematopore tubes. I, a dactyloglossa. J, cross section of an internal male ampulla. K, stereo view of a gastrostyle, but with a broken tip. L, cross section of male ampullae, and a broken gastrostyle. M, spination on the gastrostyle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/284255/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
M). The dactylotomes are consistently
|
||
<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA150DD02FCEAF834F6462892" box="[863,1029,1973,1997]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="9.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="0.095" valueMax="0.1" valueMin="0.09">0.09–0.10 mm</quantity>
|
||
in width, whereas the pseudosepta (measured at their outer edge) are wider and somewhat more variable in width, ranging from
|
||
<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA150DD02FB19F858F70C28AE" box="[1196,1359,2009,2033]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="0.195" valueMax="0.24" valueMin="0.15">0.15–0.24 mm</quantity>
|
||
in width. The upper faces of the pseudosepta are highly concave. Each dactylopore contains at least one dactyloglossa, roughly level with the coenosteal surface, seen best in damaged cyclosystems (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85C92A5AA152DD00FB41FF3DF70F2F8B" box="[1268,1356,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1861,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[151,1436,193,1840]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 18. Stenohelia spinifera, male holotype from PF 13479, SAM H 1461: A, stereo view of cyclosystems and tall nematopore tubes. B – C, individual cyclosystems and tall nematopore tubes. D, pseudosepta. E – F, rough reticulate coenosteal texture. G – H, nematopore tubes. I, a dactyloglossa. J, cross section of an internal male ampulla. K, stereo view of a gastrostyle, but with a broken tip. L, cross section of male ampullae, and a broken gastrostyle. M, spination on the gastrostyle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/284255/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<date id="694C101FA152DD00FA9BFF3DF70F2F8B" box="[1326,1356,188,212]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1918-01">18</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
I). The dactyloglossae are roughly circular in shape, about
|
||
<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA152DD00FD68FF5EF1022FA8" box="[733,833,223,247]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="0.11">0.11 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, and block about 80% of the dactylopore tube.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="498D6657A153DD01FF22F8C4F7DB28E7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/284255/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1840]" targetPageId="38">
|
||
<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA153DD01FF22F8C4F7DB28E7" blockId="38.[151,1436,1861,1976]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA153DD01FF22F8C4F35E2804" bold="true" box="[151,285,1861,1884]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">FIGURE 18</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAF24D5CA153DD01FE9AF8C7F3BD2803" box="[303,510,1862,1884]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stenohelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="spinifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA153DD01FE9AF8C7F3BD2803" box="[303,510,1862,1884]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Stenohelia spinifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male holotype from
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA153DD01FD5EF8C6F1492803" box="[747,778,1863,1884]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">PF</emphasis>
|
||
13479, SAM H1461:
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA153DD01FC46F8C7F6462804" bold="true" box="[1011,1029,1862,1883]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">A</emphasis>
|
||
, stereo view of cyclosystems and tall nematopore tubes.
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA153DD01FEECF8E5F3CB2824" bold="true" box="[345,392,1892,1915]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">B–C</emphasis>
|
||
, individual cyclosystems and tall nematopore tubes.
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA153DD01FC12F8E4F1FA2825" bold="true" box="[935,953,1893,1914]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">D</emphasis>
|
||
, pseudosepta.
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA153DD01FBE4F8E4F6382825" bold="true" box="[1105,1147,1893,1914]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">E–F</emphasis>
|
||
, rough reticulate coenosteal texture.
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA153DD01FF5AF803F36728C6" bold="true" box="[239,292,1922,1945]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">G–H</emphasis>
|
||
, nematopore tubes.
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA153DD01FDB4F802F04828C7" bold="true" box="[513,523,1923,1944]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">I</emphasis>
|
||
, a dactyloglossa.
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA153DD01FD64F802F09D28C7" bold="true" box="[721,734,1923,1944]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">J</emphasis>
|
||
, cross section of an internal male ampulla.
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA153DD01FB71F802F69B28C7" bold="true" box="[1220,1240,1923,1944]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">K</emphasis>
|
||
, stereo view of a gastrostyle, but with a broken tip.
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA153DD01FE44F823F04128E8" bold="true" box="[497,514,1954,1975]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">L</emphasis>
|
||
, cross section of male ampullae, and a broken gastrostyle.
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA153DD01FBE3F823F62D28E8" bold="true" box="[1110,1134,1954,1975]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">M</emphasis>
|
||
, spination on the gastrostyle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA152DD00FF72FEA6F3442EF3" blockId="39.[151,1437,151,752]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
Male ampullae are superficial, irregularly-shaped mounds
|
||
<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA152DD00FCD1FEA6F1AE2E60" box="[868,1005,295,319]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.499999999999999" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="0.6499999999999999" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.6">0.6–0.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85C92A5AA152DD00FB3CFEA6F6A42E60" box="[1161,1255,295,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1861,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[151,1436,193,1840]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 18. Stenohelia spinifera, male holotype from PF 13479, SAM H 1461: A, stereo view of cyclosystems and tall nematopore tubes. B – C, individual cyclosystems and tall nematopore tubes. D, pseudosepta. E – F, rough reticulate coenosteal texture. G – H, nematopore tubes. I, a dactyloglossa. J, cross section of an internal male ampulla. K, stereo view of a gastrostyle, but with a broken tip. L, cross section of male ampullae, and a broken gastrostyle. M, spination on the gastrostyle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/284255/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Figs. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
J, L), and occur primarily on the anterior branch surface; each has an apical efferent pore about 60 µm in diameter. Each male ampulla is covered with 5–10 tall nematopores spines, making them look quite spiny. Female ampullae are unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA152DD00FF72FE36F3CB2D63" blockId="39.[151,1437,151,752]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA152DD00FF72FE36F32F2E8F" bold="true" box="[199,364,439,464]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Comparisons.</emphasis>
|
||
Although two other species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAF24D5CA152DD00FD0EFE39F1042E8F" box="[699,839,440,464]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stenohelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="umbonata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA152DD00FD0EFE39F1042E8F" box="[699,839,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">S. umbonata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hickson &
|
||
<collectingCountry id="65E5764FA152DD00FC6EFE36F6782E90" box="[987,1083,439,463]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 1905) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAF24D5CA152DD00FB74FE39F2932EAB" authority="Eguchi, 1968" authorityName="Eguchi" authorityYear="1968" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Spinipora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="echinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA152DD00FB74FE39F77D2E8F" box="[1217,1342,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">S. echinata</emphasis>
|
||
Eguchi, 1968
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) have coenosteal papillae (either nematopore tubes or ridges),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAF24D5CA152DD00FC21FE5CF6562EAB" box="[916,1045,476,500]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stenohelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="spinifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA152DD00FC21FE5CF6562EAB" box="[916,1045,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">S. spinifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs in having dense, uniformly arranged papillae. It is also distinctive in having dactyloglossae, a character shared with only one other species in the genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAF24D5CA152DD00FEBAFDA4F3C32D63" box="[271,384,549,572]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stenohelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="venusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA152DD00FEBAFDA4F3C32D63" box="[271,384,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">S. venusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="55E86554A152DD00FF72FDC9F6BA2D93" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA152DD00FF72FDC9F6BA2D93" blockId="39.[151,1437,151,752]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA152DD00FF72FDC9F3782D3F" bold="true" box="[199,315,584,608]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAF24D5CA152DD00FEF6FDC9F0602D3F" box="[323,547,584,608]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stenohelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="spinifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA152DD00FEF6FDC9F0602D3F" box="[323,547,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Stenohelia spinifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was collected at the precise locality and depth as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAF24D5CA152DD00FBEFFDC9F68F2D3F" box="[1114,1228,584,608]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stenohelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="venusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA152DD00FBEFFDC9F68F2D3F" box="[1114,1228,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">S. venusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but ten days later. Although they are the only two species in the genus to have dactyloglossae,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAF24D5CA152DD00FBB1FDECF6C52DDB" box="[1028,1158,620,644]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stenohelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="spinifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA152DD00FBB1FDECF6C52DDB" box="[1028,1158,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">S. spinifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished by bearing large coenosteal papillae, having a rough coenosteal texture, having on average less dactylopores per cyclosystem, and in having irregularly shaped male ampullae primarily on the anterior branch faces.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="55E86554A152DD00FF72FD56F1A32DB0" box="[199,992,727,752]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA152DD00FF72FD56F1A32DB0" blockId="39.[151,1437,151,752]" box="[199,992,727,752]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA152DD00FF72FD56F3232DAF" bold="true" box="[199,352,727,752]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Known only from one record, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C249887DA152DD00FD50FD59F1562DAF" box="[741,789,728,752]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality (Fig. 31).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |