161 lines
18 KiB
XML
161 lines
18 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="C265EBB591770D48811629CA5CBDF393">A new genus and species of Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) with a four-segmented funicle from late Eocene Baltic amber</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B9615047B67102BA191FACEBEFABD0CB">Simutnik, Serguei A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6B506791E099A63A8B98950F37422912">Pankowski, Madeline V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4D24E8CD175FC6220592418734F60AF6">Perkovsky, Evgeny E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="A346A9D47F25A4F1690E7D903554A0E1">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="930187E5FFAA2555FF4CFD19964C7B90" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10404634" ID-GBIF-Taxon="220007193" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10404634" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F217BC42-BB75-4790-99A9-C95933A76A1A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/930187E5FFAA2555FF4CFD19964C7B90" lastPageNumber="121" pageId="2" pageNumber="121">
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<subSubSection id="53B26578FFAA2555FF4CFD1991117C82" box="[151,552,690,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="121" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="1B1736F3FFAA2555FF4CFD1991117C82" blockId="2.[151,965,690,753]" box="[151,552,690,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="121">
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<heading id="405F819FFFAA2555FF4CFD1991117C82" bold="true" box="[151,552,690,717]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="121" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="29DCEAE1FFAA2555FF4CFD1991117C82" bold="true" box="[151,552,690,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="121">
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<taxonomicName id="DCA84D70FFAA2555FF4CFD1992977C83" ID-CoL="C9RL9" authority="Simutnik" authorityName="Simutnik" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,430,690,717]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Electrocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="29DCEAE1FFAA2555FF4CFD1992097C82" bold="true" box="[151,304,690,717]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="121">Electrocerus</emphasis>
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Simutnik
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="32EF579AFFAA2555FE61FD1891117C82" box="[442,552,691,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="121" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="53B26578FFAA2555FF4CFD7D90FC7CBE" box="[151,965,726,753]" pageId="2" pageNumber="121" type="description">
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<paragraph id="1B1736F3FFAA2555FF4CFD7D90FC7CBE" blockId="2.[151,965,690,753]" box="[151,965,726,753]" pageId="2" pageNumber="121">
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<uri id="6F393AF1FFAA2555FF4CFD7D90FC7CBE" box="[151,965,726,753]" pageId="2" pageNumber="121">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid id="6F0E0C26FFAA2555FE71FD7D90FC7CBE" box="[426,965,726,753]" pageId="2" pageNumber="121">F217BC42-BB75-4790-99A9-C95933A76A1A</uuid>
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</uri>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="53B26578FFAA2555FF4CFCB0902C7D7C" box="[151,789,795,819]" pageId="2" pageNumber="121" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="1B1736F3FFAA2555FF4CFCB0902C7D7C" blockId="2.[151,789,795,819]" box="[151,789,795,819]" pageId="2" pageNumber="121">
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<emphasis id="29DCEAE1FFAA2555FF4CFCB0921A7D7C" bold="true" box="[151,291,795,819]" pageId="2" pageNumber="121">
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<typeStatus id="C4138851FFAA2555FF4CFCB093F57D7C" box="[151,204,795,819]" pageId="2" pageNumber="121">Type</typeStatus>
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species.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="DCA84D70FFAA2555FEF1FCB091827D7C" authority="Simutnik" authorityName="Simutnik & Pankowski & Perkovsky" authorityYear="2023" box="[298,699,795,819]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Electrocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevifuniculatus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="29DCEAE1FFAA2555FEF1FCB0916C7D7C" box="[298,597,795,819]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="121">Electrocerus brevifuniculatus</emphasis>
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Simutnik
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="29DCEAE1FFAA2555FD1FFCB0902C7D7C" bold="true" box="[708,789,795,819]" pageId="2" pageNumber="121">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="32EF579AFFAA2555FD1FFCB0902C7D7C" box="[708,789,795,819]" pageId="2" pageNumber="121" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="53B26578FFAA2555FF4CFCCA912E7D34" box="[151,535,865,891]" pageId="2" pageNumber="121" type="description">
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<paragraph id="1B1736F3FFAA2555FF4CFCCA912E7D34" blockId="2.[151,1437,865,1504]" box="[151,535,865,891]" pageId="2" pageNumber="121">
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<emphasis id="29DCEAE1FFAA2555FF4CFCCA92B47D34" bold="true" box="[151,397,865,891]" pageId="2" pageNumber="121">Species composition.</emphasis>
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Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="53B26578FFAA2555FF1CFC2E967F7A43" pageId="2" pageNumber="121" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="1B1736F3FFAA2555FF1CFC2E967F7A43" blockId="2.[151,1437,865,1504]" pageId="2" pageNumber="121">
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<emphasis id="29DCEAE1FFAA2555FF1CFC2E92777DD0" bold="true" box="[199,334,901,927]" pageId="2" pageNumber="121">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The name of the genus is a combination of the words “electrum” (Latin:
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<emphasis id="29DCEAE1FFAA2555FB42FC2E97C27DD0" box="[1177,1275,901,927]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="121">electrum</emphasis>
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= amber) and “cerus,” which comes from the Greek κερκίς, or tail, but often means “antenna” in entomological names. The antennal funicle in the
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<typeStatus id="C4138851FFAA2555FE4FFC6692CF7DA8" box="[404,502,973,999]" pageId="2" pageNumber="121" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="DCA84D70FFAA2555FDC2FC66919E7DA8" authorityName="Simutnik" authorityYear="2023" box="[537,679,973,999]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Electrocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="29DCEAE1FFAA2555FDC2FC66919E7DA8" box="[537,679,973,999]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="121">Electrocerus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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consists of only four segments but otherwise may be a “teratoid,” or the seasonal form of a species, with a normal, six-segmented funicle. The genus name is a masculine noun.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="53B26578FFAA2555FF1CFBBE90717AAB" pageId="2" pageNumber="121" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="1B1736F3FFAA2555FF1CFBBE90717AAB" blockId="2.[151,1437,865,1504]" pageId="2" pageNumber="121">
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<emphasis id="29DCEAE1FFAA2555FF1CFBBE929E7A60" bold="true" box="[199,423,1045,1071]" pageId="2" pageNumber="121">Diagnosis. Female.</emphasis>
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Body slightly elongated, not flattened; antenna clavate; scape much more than 3× as long as broad; funicle four-segmented; F1 broader than long; antennal toruli located close to mouth margin (
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<figureCitation id="83932A76FFAA2555FA9DFB9296B47A1C" box="[1350,1421,1081,1107]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[192,1395,237,1848]" captionTargetId="figure-49@3.[192,1395,237,1848]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Electrocerus brevifuniculatus gen. et sp. nov., holotype female. A body, anteroventrolateral view (cers—cercal seta, hyp—hypopygium). Scale bar: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10404627" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10404627/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="121">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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); notauli very short, subtle, located anteriorly (
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<figureCitation id="83932A76FFAA2555FD7FFBF690397A38" box="[676,768,1117,1143]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-21@5.[151,1436,181,1872]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Electrocerus brevifuniculatus gen. et sp. nov., holotype female. A body, dorsolateral view; B head, antennae, mandible, mesosoma, lateral view (not—notaulus). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A); 0.2 mm (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10404629" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10404629/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="121">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
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: arrow); forewing slightly infuscated, with small, slightly darkened areas below marginal vein and parastigma; filum spinosum and row of covering setae on basal margin of linea calva well developed; postmarginal vein shorter than marginal vein; cerci located in apical third of metasoma; apex of hypopygium not reaching apex of last gastral tergum.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="53B26578FFAA2555FF1CFB4692B17B48" box="[199,392,1261,1288]" pageId="2" pageNumber="121" type="description">
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<paragraph id="1B1736F3FFAA2555FF1CFB4692B17B48" blockId="2.[151,1437,865,1504]" box="[199,392,1261,1288]" pageId="2" pageNumber="121">
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<emphasis id="29DCEAE1FFAA2555FF1CFB46923D7B48" bold="true" box="[199,260,1261,1287]" pageId="2" pageNumber="121">Male</emphasis>
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. Unknown.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="53B26578FFAA2555FF1CFABA964C7B90" pageId="2" pageNumber="121" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="1B1736F3FFAA2555FF1CFABA97B47B00" blockId="2.[151,1437,865,1504]" pageId="2" pageNumber="121">
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<emphasis id="29DCEAE1FFAA2555FF1CFABA92027B64" bold="true" box="[199,315,1297,1323]" pageId="2" pageNumber="121">Remarks.</emphasis>
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The placement of
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<taxonomicName id="DCA84D70FFAA2555FDD3FABA91AF7B64" authorityName="Simutnik" authorityYear="2023" box="[520,662,1297,1323]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Electrocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="29DCEAE1FFAA2555FDD3FABA91AF7B64" box="[520,662,1297,1323]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="121">Electrocerus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<taxonomicName id="DCA84D70FFAA2555FD6CFABA90097B64" box="[695,816,1297,1323]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Encyrtinae">Encyrtinae</taxonomicName>
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is supported by the presence of a filum spinosum on the linea calva (
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<figureCitation id="83932A76FFAA2555FEC4FA9E925A7B00" box="[287,355,1333,1359]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-29@6.[151,1436,181,1872]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Electrocerus brevifuniculatus gen. et sp. nov., holotype female.Wings A right forewing in focus (pst—parastigma); B all wings in focus; C left forewing and hind wing in focus (fs—filum spinosum). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10404631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10404631/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="121">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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), and the apex of the hypopygium not reaching the gastral apex (
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<figureCitation id="83932A76FFAA2555FBE0FA9E97457B00" box="[1083,1148,1333,1359]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1607,1631]" captionTargetBox="[235,1352,381,1584]" captionTargetId="figure-121@1.[235,1352,381,1584]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Electrocerus brevifuniculatus gen. et sp. nov., holotype female, lateral view (fs—filum spinosum, hyp— hypopygium). Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10404625" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10404625/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="121">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1B1736F3FFAA2555FF1CFAF2964C7B90" blockId="2.[151,1437,865,1504]" pageId="2" pageNumber="121">
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With its very long stigmal vein, the new taxon is distinctly different from known extant genera that possess a four-segmented funicle in the tribes Arrhenophagini Ashmead, 1900 and Habrolepidini Hoffer, 1955 (see
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<bibRefCitation id="7F394B02FFAA2555FA8EFAD593ED7BF4" author="Noyes, J. S." pageId="2" pageNumber="121" refId="ref4736" refString="Noyes, J. S. (2023) Encyrtidae of Costa Rica (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), 4. Subfamily Encyrtinae: tribes Arrhenophagini, Habrolepidini, Cerapterocerini, Cheiloneurini, Trechnitini, Cercobelini, Polaszekiini, Protyndarichoidini, Gahaniellini and Syrphophagini (part), mainly primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids of Coccoidea and Psylloidea (Hemiptera). Taxonomic Monographs on Neotropical Hymenoptera, 2, 921 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 8074943" type="book" year="2023">Noyes 2023</bibRefCitation>
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). Compared with the genus
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<taxonomicName id="DCA84D70FFAA2555FDD1FA0A901F7BF4" authority="Walker, 1842" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1842" box="[522,806,1441,1467]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Cercobelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="29DCEAE1FFAA2555FDD1FA0A91B07BF4" box="[522,649,1441,1467]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="121">Cercobelus</emphasis>
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Walker, 1842
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</taxonomicName>
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, the new taxon differs, in particular, by its long marginal vein, the presence of a malar sulcus, and the hypopygium not reaching the apex of the gaster (see
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<bibRefCitation id="7F394B02FFAA2555FB05FA6D96537B90" author="Noyes, J. S." box="[1246,1386,1477,1504]" pageId="2" pageNumber="121" refId="ref4736" refString="Noyes, J. S. (2023) Encyrtidae of Costa Rica (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), 4. Subfamily Encyrtinae: tribes Arrhenophagini, Habrolepidini, Cerapterocerini, Cheiloneurini, Trechnitini, Cercobelini, Polaszekiini, Protyndarichoidini, Gahaniellini and Syrphophagini (part), mainly primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids of Coccoidea and Psylloidea (Hemiptera). Taxonomic Monographs on Neotropical Hymenoptera, 2, 921 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 8074943" type="book" year="2023">Noyes 2023</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |