171 lines
20 KiB
XML
171 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="4B3C99FFE8AB755CE8B8D633CCE33313" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3691.3.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bbe7775a-a8b6-4b7e-a470-e63ea34642a5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="217393" ID-ZooBank="855A00F4-2E4B-4D0C-A458-B8111BFB7762" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460651134499" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bonnet, Nadia Y. K., Rocha, Rosana M. & Carman, Mary R." docDate="2013" docId="9152C60FFF9F667A99808486FB676950" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03691p364.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3691 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Ascidia gemmata Sluiter 1895" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="357" masterDocId="6D6BBE77FF9A667C99178411FF9B6B7D" masterDocTitle="Ascidiidae Herdman, 1882 (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) on the Pacific coast of Panama" masterLastPageNumber="364" masterPageNumber="351" pageNumber="356" updateTime="1698337958006" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="4231C63428C539C36EBEBCAAED24AC26" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="DFE75E17BA37DFEEEC38AB3D44C5694D">
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<mods:title id="CB1643DF164FB2DC78C2A18D3A219654">Ascidiidae Herdman, 1882 (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) on the Pacific coast of Panama</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="19FB34311DDA00978E9D3AB15A4E7003" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="92F411D3E49510FE8DE6EE59E60148CA">
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<mods:roleTerm id="7F387E06F7CEAB9C4B207156FBE71799">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="4F5B2E0A3A7C0C650841DD37B32E4CF2">Bonnet, Nadia Y. K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="EA632EA1CC2A818C24BDCADA48576873" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="2C783A27AF3BDC9B797A25F62EFC32CB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="E10DE7206843ACBC6DE9B4F5C3532AC6">Rocha, Rosana M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="972CD6723149065E804C31A1CEBC8932" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="850452602FA9D01BF847A5678766CE58">
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<mods:roleTerm id="6DC3455F0ACD96EB3E87BC3AA89D16AF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="EBC77B94B776541A1426C7B1A97C4FE9">Carman, Mary R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="793B21F08E2B1E5F01E76DBBFB228189">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="586AF4B8F87AB0551620F19E0CBC70FA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="87BDB7A555B574725D50F7CAE05AE1C2">
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<mods:date id="B2E874E6CDB0825051637D2E13EE20AB">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="6182751A2F9D9695493A3A68773CC9D3" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="E0FBE88F9CA68E09B73AC72DC153B862">3691</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="8D3FE666F863426DC627E99232B122A9" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="E9A585F1216F24EC346855AA519A1163">3</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="7F5323EFF1AFE2D421AF850C5BB629CE">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="C52D171B1C23F67175698A9A9DF860E4" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3691.3.4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="99F9FB52961A9B80DD548335BBF8C040" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9E76106596522D8FFFAA35D355D1565C" type="Zenodo-Dep">217393</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="9152C60FFF9F667A99808486FB676950" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5665666" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119572708" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5665666" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9152C60FFF9F667A99808486FB676950" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9152C60FFF9F667A99808486FB676950" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="357" pageId="5" pageNumber="356">
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<subSubSection id="51E12492FF9F667999808486FE896BAF" pageId="5" pageNumber="356" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="19447719FF9F667999808486FDB56BCC" blockId="5.[151,558,151,210]" box="[151,558,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="356">
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<heading id="420CC075FF9F667999808486FDB56BCC" bold="true" box="[151,558,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="356" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="DEFB0C9AFF9F667999808486FDB56BCC" authority="Sluiter, 1895" authorityName="Sluiter" authorityYear="1895" box="[151,558,151,177]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gemmata">
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<emphasis id="2B8FAB0BFF9F667999808486FDB56BCC" bold="true" box="[151,558,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="356">
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<emphasis id="2B8FAB0BFF9F667999808486FF6A6BCC" bold="true" box="[151,241,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="356">Ascidia</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="2B8FAB0BFF9F6679980A8486FE106BCC" bold="true" box="[285,395,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="356">gemmata</emphasis>
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Sluiter, 1895
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="19447719FF9F6679998084ABFE896BAF" blockId="5.[151,558,151,210]" box="[151,274,186,210]" pageId="5" pageNumber="356">
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(
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<figureCitation id="81C06B9CFF9F6679998884ABFE916BAF" box="[159,266,186,210]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="5.[151,250,1739,1762]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,250,1946,1969]" captionTargetBox-0="[317,1270,1234,1722]" captionTargetBox-1="[305,1308,609,1910]" captionTargetId-0="figure@5.[289,1297,1207,1749]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[271,1335,587,1934]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Ascidia cf. gemmata. A. Right side of body (without tunic). B. Left side of body (without tunic). Scale bar: A, B = 0.5 cm." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Ascidia cf. gemmata. A. Right side of body (external), showing muscles. B. Left side of body (external), showing gut and gonads. C. Dorsal tubercle and anterior part of dorsal lamina. D. Gut and gonads (internal). Scale bar: A, B = 0.5 cm; C, D = 1.0 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/217395/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/217396/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="356">Figs. 3–4</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="51E12492FF9F6679998084EEFE206CB3" pageId="5" pageNumber="356" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="19447719FF9F6679998084EEFB696A47" blockId="5.[151,1436,255,1181]" pageId="5" pageNumber="356">
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<emphasis id="2B8FAB0BFF9F6679998084EEFE1F6A65" bold="true" box="[151,388,255,280]" pageId="5" pageNumber="356">Material examined:</emphasis>
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DZUP ASC 193 – 1 ind.;
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<collectingCountry id="61EC3789FF9F66799BA284EEFD466A6A" box="[693,733,255,279]" name="Iceland" pageId="5" pageNumber="356">Isla</collectingCountry>
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Canales de Afuera; 10.0 m, under rock;
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<date id="6D4551D9FF9F66799DB984EEFA866A6A" box="[1198,1309,255,279]" pageId="5" pageNumber="356" value="2009-01-13">13/i/2009</date>
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; col.: R.M. Rocha. DZUP ASC 194 – 1 ind.; Shark Point; 6.0 m, under dead coral;
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<date id="6D4551D9FF9F66799AAF8533FBBD6A47" box="[952,1062,290,314]" pageId="5" pageNumber="356" value="2009-01-14">14/i/2009</date>
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; col. R.M. Rocha.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="19447719FF9F667999D08554FC676AB8" blockId="5.[151,1436,255,1181]" pageId="5" pageNumber="356">
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The animals are up to
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<quantity id="DE03DAFCFF9F667998D58554FD946A20" box="[450,527,325,349]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="356" unit="cm" value="3.5">3.5 cm</quantity>
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total length and attached to the substrate by the left side. The body is orange but color vibrancy is lost after fixation. It may have some epibionts (bryozoans and algae). The tunic is cartilaginous (
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<quantity id="DE03DAFCFF9F66799988859BFEBC6ADF" box="[159,295,394,418]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="356" unit="mm" value="1.2" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="0.6">0.6–1.8 mm</quantity>
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thick), slightly wrinkled and translucent. There are small conical projections irregularly distributed on the surface of the animal, each one corresponding to the end of blood vessels.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="19447719FF9F667999D085DEFA0D6950" blockId="5.[151,1436,255,1181]" pageId="5" pageNumber="356">
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Small individuals have an oblong body,
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<quantity id="DE03DAFCFF9F66799B8B85DEFC866A95" box="[668,797,463,488]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="356" unit="cm" value="2.0" valueMax="2.6" valueMin="1.4">1.4–2.6 cm</quantity>
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long (including the oral siphon) and 0.5–1.0 cm wide, without tunic. Both siphons are
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<quantity id="DE03DAFCFF9F66799B1385E3FD186977" box="[516,643,498,522]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="356" unit="cm" value="0.4" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.5 cm</quantity>
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long. The oral siphon has eight smooth lobes, while the atrial siphon has 6–8 smooth lobes and is
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<quantity id="DE03DAFCFF9F667998CE8604FDCD6950" box="[473,598,533,557]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="356" unit="cm" value="0.5" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.8 cm</quantity>
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away from the tentacles. The nervous ganglion is close to the oral siphon.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="19447719FF9F667999D08629FBFF69E8" blockId="5.[151,1436,255,1181]" pageId="5" pageNumber="356">
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A net of thin fibers (
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<quantity id="DE03DAFCFF9F667998D48626FDF6692D" box="[451,621,567,592]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="356" unit="mm" value="0.045" valueMax="0.06" valueMin="0.03">0.03–0.06 mm</quantity>
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thick) forms the musculature on the right side. On the left side, the longitudinal muscles extending from the oral siphon are short and there is a band of short parallel transverse fibers on the dorsal margin. The longitudinal fibers in the siphons are not organized in bands.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="19447719FF9F667999D0868EFCB9688D" blockId="5.[151,1436,255,1181]" pageId="5" pageNumber="356">
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There are 58–69 oral tentacles, of four sizes; the largest is 2.0–
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<quantity id="DE03DAFCFF9F66799AA8868EFB8269C5" box="[959,1049,671,696]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="356" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
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long. They project from a thick muscular ring. The prepharyngeal groove is double and the anterior membrane has projections. The distance between the line of tentacles and the prepharyngeal groove is short (up to
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<quantity id="DE03DAFCFF9F66799AFE86F4FBEE6980" box="[1001,1141,741,765]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="356" unit="mm" value="0.44999999999999996" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.6 mm</quantity>
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), with some papillae. The peritubercular area is small and the dorsal tubercle aperture is C or U-shaped with enrolled ends. The smooth dorsal lamina is double anteriorly and without any projections on the right side close to the esophageal aperture. The dorsal lamina passes by the esophageal aperture on its left to the end of the pharynx, which extends
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<quantity id="DE03DAFCFF9F66799C03875CFA076818" box="[1300,1436,845,869]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.2" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="356" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="5.2" valueMin="1.8">1.8–5.2 mm</quantity>
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beyond the stomach. There is a narrow lamina with smooth margin on the right of the esophageal aperture. The pharynx has 39–43 longitudinal vessels on the right side, 33–41 vessels on the left and 62–74 transverse vessels; it is very pleated and meshes have 6–8 stigmata. The primary papillae are simple or slightly trilobed and no intermediate papillae or parastigmatic vessels were found.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="19447719FF9F667999D087EBFEC36FE0" blockId="5.[151,1436,255,1181]" pageId="5" pageNumber="356">
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The alimentary canal is not large, occupying approximately half of the left side of the body. The stomach is globular, with 7–9 internal folds. The intestine is isodiametric and form two loops. The anus is
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<quantity id="DE03DAFCFF9F66799C07800CFA076F48" box="[1296,1436,1053,1077]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.85" metricValueMax="5.9" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="356" unit="mm" value="4.85" valueMax="5.9" valueMin="3.8">3.8–5.9 mm</quantity>
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distance from the oral tentacles; it has a bilobed rim. The renal vesicles are
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<quantity id="DE03DAFCFF9F66799AE48051FB0C6F25" box="[1011,1175,1088,1112]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="356" unit="mm" value="0.14" valueMax="0.16" valueMin="0.12">0.12–0.16 mm</quantity>
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in diameter, and cover the alimentary canal on its atrial side. There are conspicuous conic projections on the peritoneum that cover the alimentary canal.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="4D842791FF9F6679998082DAFF786C7D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217395/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="356" targetBox="[317,1270,1234,1722]" targetPageId="5">
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<paragraph id="19447719FF9F6679998082DAFF786C7D" blockId="5.[151,1436,1739,1792]" pageId="5" pageNumber="356">
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<emphasis id="2B8FAB0BFF9F6679998082DAFE896D9D" bold="true" box="[151,274,1739,1762]" pageId="5" pageNumber="356">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="DEFB0C9AFF9F6679980E82DAFE736D9C" box="[281,488,1739,1761]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gemmata">
|
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<emphasis id="2B8FAB0BFF9F6679980E82DAFEFE6D9C" box="[281,357,1739,1761]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="356">Ascidia</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="2B8FAB0BFF9F6679989C82DDFE736D9C" box="[395,488,1740,1761]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="356">gemmata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. A. Right side of body (without tunic). B. Left side of body (without tunic). Scale bar: A, B = 0.5 cm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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||
<paragraph id="19447719FF9F667999D0835FFE206CB3" blockId="5.[151,1437,1870,2033]" pageId="5" pageNumber="356">
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||
The cauliflower-shaped ovary lays within both the primary and secondary loops of the intestine; it is visible in the primary loop from the outside and atrial cavity, but in the second loop it is observed only from the inside. Oocytes are
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<quantity id="DE03DAFCFF9F6679983F8382FE566CD6" box="[296,461,1939,1963]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="356" unit="mm" value="0.13" valueMax="0.14" valueMin="0.12">0.12–0.14 mm</quantity>
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in diameter. The testis is ramified and spread on the intestine wall. Gonoducts open close to the anus aperture.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="51E12492FF9F667A99D083C8FB676950" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="357" pageId="5" pageNumber="356" type="discussion">
|
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<paragraph id="19447719FF9F667A99D083C8FBA66BAF" blockId="5.[151,1437,1870,2033]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,558]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="357" pageId="5" pageNumber="356">
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<emphasis id="2B8FAB0BFF9F667999D083C8FEA06C8C" bold="true" box="[199,315,2009,2033]" pageId="5" pageNumber="356">Remarks.</emphasis>
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Specimens are provisionally identified as
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<taxonomicName id="DEFB0C9AFF9F66799A0F83C8FC426C8C" box="[792,985,2009,2033]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gemmata">
|
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<emphasis id="2B8FAB0BFF9F66799A0F83C8FC426C8C" box="[792,985,2009,2033]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="356">Ascidia gemmata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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because of their general resemblance to most of the descriptions of the color, size, right side musculature, shape and position of the ovary, and network of blood vessels inside the tunic which form small papillae on the surface of the tunic.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="19447719FF9C667A99D084CCFB676950" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,558]" pageId="6" pageNumber="357">
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Nonetheless, there is some incongruence among descriptions of
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<taxonomicName id="DEFB0C9AFF9C667A9A8484CCFB836B88" box="[915,1048,221,245]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="6" pageNumber="357" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gemmata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2B8FAB0BFF9C667A9A8484CCFB836B88" box="[915,1048,221,245]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="357">A. gemmata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. For example, it is possible to find 3–6 stigmata per mesh in the pharynx (Tokioka 1961; Nishikawa 1991) and up to 8–12 stigmata per mesh (Monniot & Monniot 2001); the intestine may be isodiametric (Tokioka 1961; Monniot 1991) or with a dilatation in the posterior region (Tokioka 1950; Monniot & Monniot 2001); the dorsal tubercle is usually U-shaped, but it may be meandric or subdivided in many slits (Tokioka 1950; Nishikawa 1991); and the number of oral tentacles may vary between
|
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<quantity id="DE03DAFCFF9C667A9816859BFEF16ADF" box="[257,362,394,418]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2065" metricValueMax="1.524" metricValueMin="0.889" pageId="6" pageNumber="357" unit="in" value="47.5" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="35.0">35–60 in</quantity>
|
||
specimens from
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<collectingCountry id="61EC3789FF9C667A9B2C859BFDE26ADF" box="[571,633,394,418]" name="Palau" pageId="6" pageNumber="357">Palao</collectingCountry>
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||
Is. and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="61EC3789FF9C667A9BF5859AFC0D6ADF" box="[738,918,394,418]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="6" pageNumber="357">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Tokioka 1950; Monniot 1991; Monniot & Monniot 2001),
|
||
<quantity id="DE03DAFCFF9C667A985B85BCFE1E6AB8" box="[332,389,429,453]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" pageId="6" pageNumber="357" unit="in" value="80.0">80 in</quantity>
|
||
specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="61EC3789FF9C667A9B5385BFFD1F6AB8" box="[580,644,430,453]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="357">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Nishikawa 1991) and approximately
|
||
<quantity id="DE03DAFCFF9C667A9D2685BCFBE36AB8" box="[1073,1144,429,453]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="6" pageNumber="357" unit="in" value="100.0">100 in</quantity>
|
||
specimens collected from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="61EC3789FF9C667A998085DEFF656A9A" box="[151,254,463,487]" name="Australia" pageId="6" pageNumber="357">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Kott 1985). Therefore we agree with the suggestion of Monniot and Monniot (2001) about the presence of more than one species in the available descriptions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DEFB0C9AFF9C667A9A0385E2FC006976" box="[788,923,499,523]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="6" pageNumber="357" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gemmata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2B8FAB0BFF9C667A9A0385E2FC006976" box="[788,923,499,523]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="357">A. gemmata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the necessity of a detailed revision of the group. If confirmed, this record is the first one of this species on the Central American Pacific coast.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |