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<document id="F2B4C750111C079932445DB547745397" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.184062" ID-GBIF-Dataset="89a3460a-6650-4941-9757-7ef48a8e77c9" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="184062" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459940242068" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mathis, Wayne N." docDate="2008" docId="902D87820362FFC3FF19E23CD764023D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01874p015.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1874" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Ephydrini" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="3" masterDocId="6C14FFFA0363FFC1FF8EE661D459007F" masterDocTitle="Two new neotropical genera of the shore-fly tribe Ephydrini Zetterstedt (Diptera: Ephydridae)" masterLastPageNumber="15" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1698230402356" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="BA11B07968B74494B73C7982C1D66A3D">Two new neotropical genera of the shore-fly tribe Ephydrini Zetterstedt (Diptera: Ephydridae)</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="183B36940362FFC0FF19E23CD5AD0408" blockId="1.[151,500,1117,1143]" box="[151,500,1117,1143]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<heading id="437381F80362FFC0FF19E23CD5AD0408" bold="true" box="[151,500,1117,1143]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="1">
<emphasis id="2AF0EA860362FFC0FF19E23CD5AD0408" bold="true" box="[151,500,1117,1143]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Tribe
<taxonomicName id="DF844D170362FFC0FF6CE23CD53A0408" ID-CoL="87CSZ" box="[226,355,1117,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ephydrini">Ephydrini</taxonomicName>
Zetterstedt
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="509E651F0362FFC0FF19E2C2D74704A5" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="183B36940362FFC0FF19E2C2D74704A5" blockId="1.[151,1437,1187,1242]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<taxonomicName id="DF844D170362FFC0FF19E2C2D5BF04C5" ID-CoL="87CSZ" authority="Zetterstedt 1837: 48" authorityName="Zetterstedt" authorityPageNumber="48" authorityYear="1837" box="[151,486,1187,1210]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ephydrini">
Ephydrini
<treatmentCitation id="992510850362FFC0FE84E2C2D5BF04C5" author="Zetterstedt" box="[266,486,1187,1210]" page="48" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1837">
<bibRefCitation id="7C154B650362FFC0FE84E2C2D5E604C5" author="Zetterstedt" box="[266,447,1187,1210]" pageId="1" pageNumber="15" refString="Zetterstedt, J. W. (1837) Conspectus Familiarum, Generum et Specierum Dipterorum. In Fauna Insectorum Lapponica descriptorum. Isis [Oken's], 1837, 28 - 67." type="journal article" year="1837">Zetterstedt 1837</bibRefCitation>
: 48
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</taxonomicName>
[as
<taxonomicName id="DF844D170362FFC0FD99E2C2D6C104C5" ID-CoL="87CH7" box="[535,664,1187,1210]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ephydrinae">Ephydrinae</taxonomicName>
].
<treatmentCitation id="992510850362FFC0FD25E2C2D79E04C5" author="Wirth" box="[683,967,1187,1210]" page="45" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1956">
<bibRefCitation id="7C154B650362FFC0FD25E2C2D7F904C5" author="Wirth" box="[683,928,1187,1210]" pageId="1" pageNumber="15" refString="Wirth, W. W. &amp; Stone, A. (1956) Chapter 14. Aquatic Diptera. Pp., 372 - 482. In R. L. Usinger, ed., Aquatic Insects of California. 508 + x pp. University of California Press, Berkeley." type="book" year="1956">Wirth and Stone 1956</bibRefCitation>
: 45
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[first formal use and diagnosis as a tribe].
<treatmentCitation id="992510850362FFC0FF49E2A2D66F04A5" author="Mathis" box="[199,566,1219,1242]" page="235" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1995">
<bibRefCitation id="7C154B650362FFC0FF49E2A2D65C04A5" author="Mathis" box="[199,517,1219,1242]" pageId="1" pageNumber="15" refString="Mathis, W. N. &amp; Zatwarnicki, T. (1995) A World Catalog of the Shore Flies (Diptera: Ephydridae). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 4, 423 pp." type="book" year="1995">Mathis and Zatwarnicki 1995</bibRefCitation>
: 235
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254 [world catalog].
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="509E651F0362FFC0FF19E364D5C6078A" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="183B36940362FFC0FF19E364D5FE0537" blockId="1.[151,1437,1285,2037]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="2AF0EA860362FFC0FF19E364D54E0560" bold="true" box="[151,279,1285,1311]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Specimens of
<taxonomicName id="DF844D170362FFC0FE46E367D664055F" box="[456,573,1286,1312]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ephydrini">Ephydrini</taxonomicName>
may be distinguished from other
<taxonomicName id="DF844D170362FFC0FC5EE367D00E055F" box="[976,1111,1286,1312]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ephydridae</taxonomicName>
by the following combination of character states.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="183B36940362FFC0FF48E337D5C6078A" blockId="1.[151,1437,1285,2037]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="2AF0EA860362FFC0FF48E337D5560510" box="[198,271,1366,1391]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Adult:</emphasis>
Head: Mesofrons subquadrate, slightly wider posteriorly, with shiny, metallic luster; frequently with convergent, intrafrontal setae inserted near anterior margin of mesofrons; dorsum of interfoveal hump usually shiny, with metallic luster, concolorous with mesofrons; fronto-orbital setae lateroclinate, 2 or more; face protrudent, setulose to densely pilose, marginal setae larger; dorsum of interfoveal hump sometimes shiny; eye bare, usually as long as high, oval, and generally oriented obliquely to plane of epistoma; gena high, bearing a large genal seta and evenly covered with smaller setae; facial setae along oral margin usually dense and long; oral opening large, gaping, usually concealing clypeus. Thorax: Dorsocentral setae 45 (1+3, 2+3), some setae sometimes weakly developed, the posteriormost seta displaced laterally from alignment of others; intrapostalar seta well developed, at least equal to 1/2 length of postalar seta; postsutural supra-alar seta well developed, subequal to postalar seta; notopleuron sparsely setulose; proepisternum setulose; prosternum setose, usually more evident along posterior margin near forecoxae; anepisternum bearing 1 large seta near middle along posterior margin, several smaller setae or setulae may also be present; anepimeron, meron, and metapleuron bare of setae; hindcoxal strap setose; pulvilli rudimentary or lacking; tarsal claws shallowly curved and usually elongate; costal vein extended to vein M; vein R2+3 long, terminated at approximately same distance from vein R4+5 as tip of vein M is from vein R4+5. Abdomen: Male with 5 visible abdominal tergites, 5th tergite distinctly trapezoidal or triangular; female with 6, sometimes 7, visible tergites, 5th tergite subtrapezoidal, not triangular.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="509E651F0361FFC3FF48E6F9D53A01DD" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
<paragraph id="183B36940361FFC3FF48E6F9D53A01DD" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,578]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="2AF0EA860361FFC3FF48E6F9D5F700CE" box="[198,430,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Third-Instar Larva:</emphasis>
Mouthhooks not joined together basally, each mouthhook spatulate and dentate marginally; anterior spiracles with 28 marginal papillae; posterior spiracles borne distally on bifid, retractile respiratory tube, tube 1/31/6 total body length; spiracular caps each bearing 4 spiracular openings (or series of openings), openings slitlike, oval, each bordered basally by hydrofuge interspiracular process; segments 512 with ventral prolegs bearing crochetlike spines in well-defined rows; dorsal patterns composed of flattened spines usually present; if prolegs and dorsal patterns absent, then spiracular openings subdivided and spiracular caps elongate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="509E651F0361FFC3FF48E7CED764023D" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="183B36940361FFC3FF48E7CED764023D" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,578]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="2AF0EA860361FFC3FF48E7CED50B01B6" bold="true" box="[198,338,431,457]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Discussion.</emphasis>
Larvae of most
<taxonomicName id="DF844D170361FFC3FD91E7D1D6CD01B5" box="[543,660,432,458]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ephydrini">Ephydrini</taxonomicName>
are easily recognized by their elongate respiratory tube, ventral prolegs, and dorsal pattern of spines. The larvae of
<taxonomicName id="DF844D170361FFC3FC8DE7B9D7A1018D" authority="Cresson" authorityName="Cresson" box="[771,1016,472,498]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Dimecoenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2AF0EA860361FFC3FC8DE7B9D7C8018E" box="[771,913,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Dimecoenia</emphasis>
Cresson
</taxonomicName>
are exceptional in not having conspicuous prolegs but can be distinguished by the shape of their mouthparts, the unique structure of the posterior spiracles, and their habitat distribution (salt marshes).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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