291 lines
46 KiB
XML
291 lines
46 KiB
XML
<document id="8F4489B3A646627962E1A10AAAF3385D" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222930701391773" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5228835" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629484137894" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Grischenko, Andrei V., Dick, Matthew H. & Mawatari, Shunsuke F." docDate="2007" docId="877A7251CC5FDE2FFE67212CD0CA189C" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.41.17-20.1047-1161.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 41 (17 - 20)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701391773" docStyle="DocumentStyle:7E99CF6C63B49250F2A87C3AEDC82D8C.2:JNatHist.2005-2007.journal_article.2cover" docStyleId="7E99CF6C63B49250F2A87C3AEDC82D8C" docStyleName="JNatHist.2005-2007.journal_article.2cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Conopeum nakanosum Grischenko & Dick & Mawatari 2007, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="1070" masterDocId="7B430A29CC49DE36FFD22450D0121C04" masterDocTitle="Diversity and taxonomy of intertidal Bryozoa (Cheilostomata) at Akkeshi Bay, Hokkaido, Japan" masterLastPageNumber="1161" masterPageNumber="1047" pageNumber="1067" updateTime="1699074625891" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="4F8F735B5EFDDD3B034DF836DC4A1AB5">Diversity and taxonomy of intertidal Bryozoa (Cheilostomata) at Akkeshi Bay, Hokkaido, Japan</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="249D1C5BD04CC4FF901DD75E709C8244">Grischenko, Andrei V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="AA02564326C1957E522843ABD8545580">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="B5EF6EFCF4BDDFB503175CD8CA0235EC">Dick, Matthew H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="E35910D25DE34262345EEB0EB286816F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="076235E6C01A2F2187A9F3E1B0302395">Mawatari, Shunsuke F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="61FF09D99C9F46A9521F60085E61D86F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="BA3AC961308594ED829254031932F365">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="6BE62A551DCA2F192595DA305AE918D5">
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<mods:date id="3B6ADA5219607583386C36D2C7118F14">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9B28859AF491E7B9B68CD975D7251BE8">2010-07-29</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="06416D70E02201CFC6B50FC28C5F3E96" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="8CE2225DD94F804B1DDC5AE88847B30D">41</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="B9E81BD04AC0CE5B2B0CD45EA34B29F8" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="FD5889E12661F93105F6B67DAAEDF74C">17 - 20</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="EFD332204B324165F3CE85FA74E927AA" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="877A7251CC5FDE2FFE67212CD0CA189C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:877A7251CC5FDE2FFE67212CD0CA189C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/877A7251CC5FDE2FFE67212CD0CA189C" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="1070" pageId="22" pageNumber="1067">
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<subSubSection id="47C990CCCC5FDE20FE67212CD3641990" box="[437,886,1404,1428]" pageId="22" pageNumber="1067" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="0F6CC347CC5FDE20FE67212CD3641990" blockId="22.[138,1040,1372,1492]" box="[437,886,1404,1428]" pageId="22" pageNumber="1067">
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<heading id="5424742BCC5FDE20FE67212CD3641990" box="[437,886,1404,1428]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="1067" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="C8D3B8C4CC5FDE20FE67212CD2F61990" ID-CoL="XRGJ" authority="Grischenko & Dick & Mawatari, 2007" authorityName="Grischenko & Dick & Mawatari" authorityYear="2007" box="[437,740,1404,1428]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Conopeum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="1067" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="nakanosum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="3DA71F55CC5FDE20FE67212CD2F61990" bold="true" box="[437,740,1404,1428]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1067">Conopeum nakanosum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="2694A22ECC5FDE20FD3F212CD3641990" box="[749,886,1404,1428]" pageId="22" pageNumber="1067" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="47C990CCCC5FDE2FFD8E21CCD0CA189C" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="1070" pageId="22" pageNumber="1067" type="description">
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<paragraph id="0F6CC347CC5FDE20FD8E21CCD40219D0" blockId="22.[138,1040,1372,1492]" pageId="22" pageNumber="1067">
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(
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<figureCitation id="97E8DFC2CC5FDE20FDB621CCD2D419B0" box="[612,710,1436,1460]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="23.[125,185,1501,1520]" captionTargetBox="[161,1137,133,1466]" captionTargetId="figure-0@23.[161,1137,133,1466]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 6. Conopeum nakanosum n. sp. (A, F) NHM 2006.2.27.26; (B, D) NHM 2006.2.27.27; (C, E) NHM 2006.2.27.25; (G, H) NHM 2006.2.27.28. (A) Colony margin with differentiating zooids, bleached; (B) zooids with developing angular cone-shaped kenozooids, bleached; (C) mature zooids with erect and curved spines, unbleached; (D) group of mature zooids with granulated cryptocyst, bleached; (E) distally facing triangular avicularia replacing kenozooids, unbleached; (F) distal view of kenozooids, bleached; (G) lateral view of zooids showing multiporous septula, bleached; (H) interior of distal zooidal wall showing developing angular kenozooids and also multiporous septula, bleached. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, G); 1 mm (B–D); 0.2 mm (E, F, H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5228847" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5228847/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="1067">Figure 6</figureCitation>
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)?
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<taxonomicName id="C8D3B8C4CC5FDE20FF4F21ECD28119D0" authority=": Mawatari 1956, p 115" authorityName=": Mawatari" authorityPageNumber="115" authorityYear="1956" box="[157,659,1468,1492]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Conopeum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="1067" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="reticulum">
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<emphasis id="3DA71F55CC5FDE20FF4F21ECD16F19D0" box="[157,381,1468,1492]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1067">Conopeum reticulum</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="6B42BEB6CC5FDE20FE5F21ECD25119D0" author="Mawatari S" box="[397,579,1468,1492]" pageId="22" pageNumber="1067" pagination="113 - 135" refId="ref55468" refString="Mawatari S. 1956. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from the Kuril Islands and the neighbouring districts. Pacific Science 10 (2): 113 - 135." type="journal article" year="1956">Mawatari 1956</bibRefCitation>
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, p 115
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<figureCitation id="97E8DFC2CC5FDE20FD7221ECD31C19D0" box="[672,782,1468,1492]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[125,185,1637,1656]" captionTargetBox="[125,1173,683,1577]" captionTargetId="figure-185@5.[125,1174,683,1601]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Map of Akkeshi Bay showing the 10 sampling stations (filled squares); 5, 10, and 20 m depth contours are indicated. Inset shows the location of Akkeshi Bay on Hokkaido Island, northern Japan." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5228837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5228837/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="1067">Figure 1e</figureCitation>
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; 1974, p 33,
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<figureCitation id="97E8DFC2CC5FDE20FC7B21ECD41919D0" box="[937,1035,1468,1492]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="21.[125,185,1501,1520]" captionTargetBox="[161,1137,133,1466]" captionTargetId="figure-0@21.[161,1137,133,1466]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 5. Electra asiatica n. sp. (A, G) NHM 2006.2.27.19; (B) NHM 2006.2.27.20; (C, D) NHM 2006.2.27.21; (E, F) NHM 2006.2.27.24. Colony from Ptichiy Island, Sea of Okhotsk (H). (A, B) Colonies radiating in coherent, fan-shaped lobes from the point of origin, unbleached; (C) colony margin with developing zooids, unbleached; (D) astogenetically mature zooids, unbleached; (E) astogenetically mature zooids, bleached; (F) astogenetically mature zooids with a small interzooidal kenozooid (lower right quadrant), bleached; (G) ancestrula and periancestrular zooids; enlargement of ancestrular area seen in panel (A), unbleached; (H) astogenetically mature zooids, bleached. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.5 mm (C–H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5228845" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5228845/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="1067">Figure 5</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0F6CC347CC5FDE20FF58225DD0E11A21" blockId="22.[138,243,1549,1573]" box="[138,243,1549,1573]" pageId="22" pageNumber="1067">
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<emphasis id="3DA71F55CC5FDE20FF58225DD0E11A21" box="[138,243,1549,1573]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1067">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0F6CC347CC5FDE2EFF58226DD22E1CE5" blockId="22.[138,1185,1597,1685]" lastBlockId="24.[138,1185,137,225]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="1069" pageId="22" pageNumber="1067">Zooids large; opesia about 70–80% of zooidal length; cryptocyst widest proximally, finely tuberculate; gymnocyst hidden; all zooids with a triangular, cone-shaped kenozooid at each distal corner; kenozooids with small, distally facing opesial opening in central depression, sometimes transformed into an avicularium with triangular, vertically orientated mandible; two to three spines occasionally present around mural rim. Ovicells absent. Multiporous septula in lateral and transverse wall.</paragraph>
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<caption id="5BAC93CFCC5EDE21FFAF218DD4391A94" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5228847" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5228847" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5228847/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="1068" startId="23.[125,185,1501,1520]" targetBox="[161,1137,133,1466]" targetPageId="23">
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<paragraph id="0F6CC347CC5EDE21FFAF218DD4391A94" blockId="23.[125,1173,1501,1680]" pageId="23" pageNumber="1068">
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Figure 6.
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<taxonomicName id="C8D3B8C4CC5EDE21FF0D218DD1B519F4" authority="Grischenko & Dick & Mawatari, 2007" authorityName="Grischenko & Dick & Mawatari" authorityYear="2007" box="[223,423,1501,1520]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Conopeum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="1068" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="nakanosum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="3DA71F55CC5EDE21FF0D218DD1B519F4" box="[223,423,1501,1520]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="1068">Conopeum nakanosum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="2694A22ECC5EDE21FE7D218DD1F419F4" box="[431,486,1501,1520]" pageId="23" pageNumber="1068" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(A, F) NHM 2006.2.27.26; (B, D) NHM 2006.2.27.27; (C, E) NHM 2006.2.27.25; (G, H) NHM 2006.2.27.28. (A) Colony margin with differentiating zooids, bleached; (B) zooids with developing angular cone-shaped kenozooids, bleached; (C) mature zooids with erect and curved spines, unbleached; (D) group of mature zooids with granulated cryptocyst, bleached; (E) distally facing triangular avicularia replacing kenozooids, unbleached; (F) distal view of kenozooids, bleached; (G) lateral view of zooids showing multiporous septula, bleached; (H) interior of distal zooidal wall showing developing angular kenozooids and also multiporous septula, bleached. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, G); 1 mm (B–D); 0.2 mm (E, F, H).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="0F6CC347CC51DE2EFF58254AD0E91D36" blockId="24.[138,251,282,306]" box="[138,251,282,306]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1069">
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<emphasis id="3DA71F55CC51DE2EFF58254AD0E91D36" box="[138,251,282,306]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="1069">Etymology</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0F6CC347CC51DE2EFF58251BD1B41D87" blockId="24.[138,1184,331,387]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1069">
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<materialsCitation id="BFBBC91ACC51DE2EFF58251BD1B31D87" location="The" municipality="Nakanose Bank in Akkeshi Bay" pageId="24" pageNumber="1069" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<location id="0A0C959CCC51DE2EFF58251BD0A81D67" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:877A7251CC5FDE2FFE67212CD0CA189C:0A0C959CCC51DE2EFF58251BD0A81D67" box="[138,186,331,355]" municipality="Nakanose Bank in Akkeshi Bay" name="The" pageId="24" pageNumber="1069">The</location>
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species name refers to
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<collectingMunicipality id="EF08593DCC51DE2EFE1F251BD32D1D67" box="[461,831,331,355]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1069">Nakanose Bank in Akkeshi Bay</collectingMunicipality>
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, where the
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<typeStatus id="D0687DE5CC51DE2EFC1A251BD43E1D67" box="[968,1068,331,355]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1069" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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specimen was collected subtidally
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0F6CC347CC51DE2EFF5825ECD14A1DD0" blockId="24.[138,344,444,468]" box="[138,344,444,468]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1069">
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<emphasis id="3DA71F55CC51DE2EFF5825ECD14A1DD0" box="[138,344,444,468]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="1069">Material examined</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0F6CC347CC51DE2EFF5825BDD4481E42" blockId="24.[138,1185,493,582]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1069">
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<typeStatus id="D0687DE5CC51DE2EFF5825BDD0E81E01" box="[138,250,493,517]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1069" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: NB, intact colony (NHM 2006.2.27.25).
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<typeStatus id="D0687DE5CC51DE2EFD3F25BDD3731E01" box="[749,865,493,517]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1069" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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: ANC, young intact colony (NHM 2006.2.27.26); NB, five pieces of a single colony (NHM 2006.2.27.27); NB, five pieces of a single colony (NHM 2006.2.27.28). Additional material:
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<specimenCount id="19D508CECC51DE2EFC61267ED4441E42" box="[947,1110,558,582]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1069" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0F6CC347CC51DE2EFF58262FD1111E93" blockId="24.[138,259,639,663]" box="[138,259,639,663]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1069">
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<emphasis id="3DA71F55CC51DE2EFF58262FD1111E93" box="[138,259,639,663]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="1069">Description</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0F6CC347CC51DE2EFF5826FFD1BF19F6" blockId="24.[138,1185,687,1522]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1069">
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||
Colony encrusting, multiserial, sheet-like, up to
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||
<quantity id="C82B6EA2CC51DE2EFD1D26FFD30E1EC3" box="[719,796,687,711]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="24" pageNumber="1069" unit="cm" value="3.5">3.5 cm</quantity>
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across, greyish when alive, with purple to reddish marginal zone one or two developing zooids deep. Zooids (
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<figureCitation id="97E8DFC2CC51DE2EFBD12680D0B01F0C" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="23.[125,185,1501,1520]" captionTargetBox="[161,1137,133,1466]" captionTargetId="figure-0@23.[161,1137,133,1466]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 6. Conopeum nakanosum n. sp. (A, F) NHM 2006.2.27.26; (B, D) NHM 2006.2.27.27; (C, E) NHM 2006.2.27.25; (G, H) NHM 2006.2.27.28. (A) Colony margin with differentiating zooids, bleached; (B) zooids with developing angular cone-shaped kenozooids, bleached; (C) mature zooids with erect and curved spines, unbleached; (D) group of mature zooids with granulated cryptocyst, bleached; (E) distally facing triangular avicularia replacing kenozooids, unbleached; (F) distal view of kenozooids, bleached; (G) lateral view of zooids showing multiporous septula, bleached; (H) interior of distal zooidal wall showing developing angular kenozooids and also multiporous septula, bleached. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, G); 1 mm (B–D); 0.2 mm (E, F, H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5228847" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5228847/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="1069">Figure 6A, B, D</figureCitation>
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||
) oval, hexagonal, or subquadrangular, widest in middle,
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||
<quantity id="C82B6EA2CC51DE2EFC6226A0D44A1F0C" box="[944,1112,752,776]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.1" metricValueMax="9.5" metricValueMin="6.7" pageId="24" pageNumber="1069" unit="mm" value="0.81" valueMax="0.95" valueMin="0.67">0.67–0.95 mm</quantity>
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||
long (0.81¡
|
||
<quantity id="C82B6EA2CC51DE2EFF312741D15C1F2D" box="[227,334,785,809]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="1069" unit="mm" value="0.09">0.09 mm</quantity>
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),
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<quantity id="C82B6EA2CC51DE2EFEA22741D2051F2D" box="[368,535,785,809]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="1069" unit="mm" value="0.45" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.4">0.40–0.50 mm</quantity>
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wide (0.45¡
|
||
<quantity id="C82B6EA2CC51DE2EFD1D2741D3281F2D" box="[719,826,785,809]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="1069" unit="mm" value="0.02">0.02 mm</quantity>
|
||
), separated by fine sutures between raised lateral walls. Opesia oval, elliptical, or rounded-rectangular;
|
||
<quantity id="C82B6EA2CC51DE2EFBB22761D0E21F6E" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" metricValueMax="7.3" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="24" pageNumber="1069" unit="mm" value="0.64" valueMax="0.73" valueMin="0.55">0.55– 0.73 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (0.63¡
|
||
<quantity id="C82B6EA2CC51DE2EFE442702D2131F6E" box="[406,513,850,874]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="1069" unit="mm" value="0.04">0.04 mm</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="C82B6EA2CC51DE2EFDCE2702D2D11F6E" box="[540,707,850,874]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" metricValueMax="4.3" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="1069" unit="mm" value="0.365" valueMax="0.43" valueMin="0.3">0.30–0.43 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide (0.36¡
|
||
<quantity id="C82B6EA2CC51DE2EFCBF2702D3CA1F6E" box="[877,984,850,874]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="1069" unit="mm" value="0.03">0.03 mm</quantity>
|
||
); occupying 70– 80% of zooidal length. Cryptocyst (
|
||
<figureCitation id="97E8DFC2CC51DE2EFDCD2722D2A71F8E" box="[543,693,882,906]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="23.[125,185,1501,1520]" captionTargetBox="[161,1137,133,1466]" captionTargetId="figure-0@23.[161,1137,133,1466]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 6. Conopeum nakanosum n. sp. (A, F) NHM 2006.2.27.26; (B, D) NHM 2006.2.27.27; (C, E) NHM 2006.2.27.25; (G, H) NHM 2006.2.27.28. (A) Colony margin with differentiating zooids, bleached; (B) zooids with developing angular cone-shaped kenozooids, bleached; (C) mature zooids with erect and curved spines, unbleached; (D) group of mature zooids with granulated cryptocyst, bleached; (E) distally facing triangular avicularia replacing kenozooids, unbleached; (F) distal view of kenozooids, bleached; (G) lateral view of zooids showing multiporous septula, bleached; (H) interior of distal zooidal wall showing developing angular kenozooids and also multiporous septula, bleached. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, G); 1 mm (B–D); 0.2 mm (E, F, H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5228847" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5228847/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="1069">Figure 6A, F</figureCitation>
|
||
) extending around entire opesia; steep and narrow laterally, flatter and wider proximally, reduced distally, finely tuberculate below mural rim. Lateral and proximal gymnocyst hidden between adjacent zooids. Distal gymnocystal wall raised slightly above level of lateral wall into a smooth, narrow, sharpedged crescentic lip separated from cryptocyst by a transverse, slit-like cavity. At each distal corner is a raised, cone-shaped, subtriangular kenozooid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="97E8DFC2CC51DE2EFCF72044D3D31828" box="[805,961,1044,1068]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="23.[125,185,1501,1520]" captionTargetBox="[161,1137,133,1466]" captionTargetId="figure-0@23.[161,1137,133,1466]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 6. Conopeum nakanosum n. sp. (A, F) NHM 2006.2.27.26; (B, D) NHM 2006.2.27.27; (C, E) NHM 2006.2.27.25; (G, H) NHM 2006.2.27.28. (A) Colony margin with differentiating zooids, bleached; (B) zooids with developing angular cone-shaped kenozooids, bleached; (C) mature zooids with erect and curved spines, unbleached; (D) group of mature zooids with granulated cryptocyst, bleached; (E) distally facing triangular avicularia replacing kenozooids, unbleached; (F) distal view of kenozooids, bleached; (G) lateral view of zooids showing multiporous septula, bleached; (H) interior of distal zooidal wall showing developing angular kenozooids and also multiporous septula, bleached. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, G); 1 mm (B–D); 0.2 mm (E, F, H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5228847" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5228847/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="1069">Figure 6F, H</figureCitation>
|
||
); sharp or blunt on top, smooth except for depressed, finely granulated cryptocystal area distolaterally, surrounding a small, circular to oval opesial opening. Kenozooids at first have this cryptocystal area covered with transparent membrane, but later often become closed to form a pair of knobs, rarely vestigial or lacking. Sometimes kenozooids are transformed into avicularia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="97E8DFC2CC51DE2EFEDD20E6D19618CA" box="[271,388,1206,1230]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="23.[125,185,1501,1520]" captionTargetBox="[161,1137,133,1466]" captionTargetId="figure-0@23.[161,1137,133,1466]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 6. Conopeum nakanosum n. sp. (A, F) NHM 2006.2.27.26; (B, D) NHM 2006.2.27.27; (C, E) NHM 2006.2.27.25; (G, H) NHM 2006.2.27.28. (A) Colony margin with differentiating zooids, bleached; (B) zooids with developing angular cone-shaped kenozooids, bleached; (C) mature zooids with erect and curved spines, unbleached; (D) group of mature zooids with granulated cryptocyst, bleached; (E) distally facing triangular avicularia replacing kenozooids, unbleached; (F) distal view of kenozooids, bleached; (G) lateral view of zooids showing multiporous septula, bleached; (H) interior of distal zooidal wall showing developing angular kenozooids and also multiporous septula, bleached. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, G); 1 mm (B–D); 0.2 mm (E, F, H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5228847" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5228847/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="1069">Figure 6E</figureCitation>
|
||
) with a distolateral rostral face; mandible triangular with sharp, hooked, vertically orientated tip; such avicularia are rare, developing only in mature regions of the colony. Mural rim often with two or three spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="97E8DFC2CC51DE2EFCDB20A7D396190B" box="[777,900,1271,1295]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="23.[125,185,1501,1520]" captionTargetBox="[161,1137,133,1466]" captionTargetId="figure-0@23.[161,1137,133,1466]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 6. Conopeum nakanosum n. sp. (A, F) NHM 2006.2.27.26; (B, D) NHM 2006.2.27.27; (C, E) NHM 2006.2.27.25; (G, H) NHM 2006.2.27.28. (A) Colony margin with differentiating zooids, bleached; (B) zooids with developing angular cone-shaped kenozooids, bleached; (C) mature zooids with erect and curved spines, unbleached; (D) group of mature zooids with granulated cryptocyst, bleached; (E) distally facing triangular avicularia replacing kenozooids, unbleached; (F) distal view of kenozooids, bleached; (G) lateral view of zooids showing multiporous septula, bleached; (H) interior of distal zooidal wall showing developing angular kenozooids and also multiporous septula, bleached. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, G); 1 mm (B–D); 0.2 mm (E, F, H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5228847" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5228847/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="1069">Figure 6C</figureCitation>
|
||
): a straight, blunt hollow tubular spine on one or both sides of orifice, in line with proximal orificial margin, jointed at base; another finer, curved, acute spine more proximally on one side, slightly arching over opesia. Like the avicularia, the spines tend to appear in mature regions of the colony; many young zooids lack them altogether. Ovicells lacking, but raised mural rim distally with transverse, slit-like cavity below (
|
||
<figureCitation id="97E8DFC2CC51DE2EFDD121C9D26519B5" box="[515,631,1433,1457]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="23.[125,185,1501,1520]" captionTargetBox="[161,1137,133,1466]" captionTargetId="figure-0@23.[161,1137,133,1466]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 6. Conopeum nakanosum n. sp. (A, F) NHM 2006.2.27.26; (B, D) NHM 2006.2.27.27; (C, E) NHM 2006.2.27.25; (G, H) NHM 2006.2.27.28. (A) Colony margin with differentiating zooids, bleached; (B) zooids with developing angular cone-shaped kenozooids, bleached; (C) mature zooids with erect and curved spines, unbleached; (D) group of mature zooids with granulated cryptocyst, bleached; (E) distally facing triangular avicularia replacing kenozooids, unbleached; (F) distal view of kenozooids, bleached; (G) lateral view of zooids showing multiporous septula, bleached; (H) interior of distal zooidal wall showing developing angular kenozooids and also multiporous septula, bleached. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, G); 1 mm (B–D); 0.2 mm (E, F, H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5228847" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5228847/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="1069">Figure 6F</figureCitation>
|
||
) may represent kenozooidal ooecium. Four oval multiporous septula (
|
||
<figureCitation id="97E8DFC2CC51DE2EFE5521E9D21219D5" box="[391,512,1465,1489]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="23.[125,185,1501,1520]" captionTargetBox="[161,1137,133,1466]" captionTargetId="figure-0@23.[161,1137,133,1466]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 6. Conopeum nakanosum n. sp. (A, F) NHM 2006.2.27.26; (B, D) NHM 2006.2.27.27; (C, E) NHM 2006.2.27.25; (G, H) NHM 2006.2.27.28. (A) Colony margin with differentiating zooids, bleached; (B) zooids with developing angular cone-shaped kenozooids, bleached; (C) mature zooids with erect and curved spines, unbleached; (D) group of mature zooids with granulated cryptocyst, bleached; (E) distally facing triangular avicularia replacing kenozooids, unbleached; (F) distal view of kenozooids, bleached; (G) lateral view of zooids showing multiporous septula, bleached; (H) interior of distal zooidal wall showing developing angular kenozooids and also multiporous septula, bleached. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, G); 1 mm (B–D); 0.2 mm (E, F, H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5228847" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5228847/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="1069">Figure 6G</figureCitation>
|
||
) in each lateral wall and two septula in transverse wall. Ancestrula not observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0F6CC347CC51DE2EFF58227BD0FB1A47" blockId="24.[138,233,1579,1603]" box="[138,233,1579,1603]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1069">
|
||
<emphasis id="3DA71F55CC51DE2EFF58227BD0FB1A47" box="[138,233,1579,1603]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="1069">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0F6CC347CC51DE2FFF58220BD2091DE1" blockId="24.[138,1185,1627,1684]" lastBlockId="25.[125,1172,137,939]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="1070" pageId="24" pageNumber="1069">
|
||
In zooidal characters,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C8D3B8C4CC51DE2EFE42220BD2231A77" authorityName="Grischenko & Dick & Mawatari" authorityYear="2007" box="[400,561,1627,1651]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Conopeum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="1069" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="nakanosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="3DA71F55CC51DE2EFE42220BD2231A77" box="[400,561,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="1069">C. nakanosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C8D3B8C4CC51DE2EFCDA220BD3FA1A77" authorityName=": Mawatari" authorityYear="1956" box="[776,1000,1627,1651]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Conopeum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="1069" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="reticulum">
|
||
<emphasis id="3DA71F55CC51DE2EFCDA220BD3FA1A77" box="[776,1000,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="1069">Conopeum reticulum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L., 1767), the
|
||
<typeStatus id="D0687DE5CC51DE2EFF58222CD0A91A90" box="[138,187,1660,1684]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1069">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of the genus, especially in having triangular kenozooids at the distal angles of autozooids. However, these two species differ in several characters. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C8D3B8C4CC50DE2FFC0024D9D44F1CA5" authorityName=": Mawatari" authorityYear="1956" box="[978,1117,137,161]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Conopeum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="reticulum">
|
||
<emphasis id="3DA71F55CC50DE2FFC0024D9D44F1CA5" box="[978,1117,137,161]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070">C. reticulum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the kenozooids develop predominantly on older zooids, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C8D3B8C4CC50DE2FFC8124F9D3E31CC5" authorityName="Grischenko & Dick & Mawatari" authorityYear="2007" box="[851,1009,169,193]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Conopeum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="nakanosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="3DA71F55CC50DE2FFC8124F9D3E31CC5" box="[851,1009,169,193]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070">C. nakanosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
they occur on all zooids, at all astogenetic stages. With increasing calcification in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C8D3B8C4CC50DE2FFC542499D41F1CE5" authorityName=": Mawatari" authorityYear="1956" box="[902,1037,201,225]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Conopeum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="reticulum">
|
||
<emphasis id="3DA71F55CC50DE2FFC542499D41F1CE5" box="[902,1037,201,225]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070">C. reticulum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the pair of kenozooids occasionally comes into contact along the entire distal end of the zooid, forming a single, dumbbell-shaped unit. The kenozooids of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C8D3B8C4CC50DE2FFD1E255AD3791D26" authorityName="Grischenko & Dick & Mawatari" authorityYear="2007" box="[716,875,266,290]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Conopeum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="nakanosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="3DA71F55CC50DE2FFD1E255AD3791D26" box="[716,875,266,290]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070">C. nakanosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are always separated by a raised, crescentic gymnocystal lip. The opesial opening in the central depression of the kenozooids is terminal on the knob and facing upward in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C8D3B8C4CC50DE2FFCFC251BD3A51D67" authorityName=": Mawatari" authorityYear="1956" box="[814,951,331,355]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Conopeum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="reticulum">
|
||
<emphasis id="3DA71F55CC50DE2FFCFC251BD3A51D67" box="[814,951,331,355]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070">C. reticulum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas it always faces distally or distolaterally in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C8D3B8C4CC50DE2FFE22253BD29D1D87" authorityName="Grischenko & Dick & Mawatari" authorityYear="2007" box="[496,655,363,387]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Conopeum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="nakanosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="3DA71F55CC50DE2FFE22253BD29D1D87" box="[496,655,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070">C. nakanosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Finally, zooid size in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C8D3B8C4CC50DE2FFC46253BD4211D87" authorityName="Grischenko & Dick & Mawatari" authorityYear="2007" box="[916,1075,363,387]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Conopeum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="nakanosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="3DA71F55CC50DE2FFC46253BD4211D87" box="[916,1075,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070">C. nakanosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exceeds that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C8D3B8C4CC50DE2FFF0225DCD1451DA0" authorityName=": Mawatari" authorityYear="1956" box="[208,343,396,420]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Conopeum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="reticulum">
|
||
<emphasis id="3DA71F55CC50DE2FFF0225DCD1451DA0" box="[208,343,396,420]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070">C. reticulum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the ranges do not overlap: zooids are
|
||
<quantity id="C82B6EA2CC50DE2FFC9A25DCD3FD1DA0" box="[840,1007,396,420]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.1" metricValueMax="9.5" metricValueMin="6.7" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070" unit="mm" value="0.81" valueMax="0.95" valueMin="0.67">0.67–0.95 mm</quantity>
|
||
long by
|
||
<quantity id="C82B6EA2CC50DE2FFB8125DCD0F61DC0" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070" unit="mm" value="0.45" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.4">0.40– 0.50 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide in the former, compared to
|
||
<quantity id="C82B6EA2CC50DE2FFD5325FCD3191DC0" box="[641,779,428,452]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070" unit="mm" value="0.5" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
long by
|
||
<quantity id="C82B6EA2CC50DE2FFCAB25FCD4111DC0" box="[889,1027,428,452]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070" unit="mm" value="0.25" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide in the latter (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6B42BEB6CC50DE2FFF18259DD21C1DE1" author="Hayward PJ & Ryland JS" box="[202,526,461,485]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070" refId="ref53689" refString="Hayward PJ, Ryland JS. 1998. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa, part 1, Aeteoidea - Cribrilinoidea. 2 nd ed. London: Linnean Society of London and The Estuarine and Brackish-water Sciences Association. 366 p. (Synopses of the British Fauna (new series); 10)." type="book" year="1998">Hayward and Ryland 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0F6CC347CC50DE2FFF4A25BED2C21FAF" blockId="25.[125,1172,137,939]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070">
|
||
There has been some confusion over the nature of the distal kenozooids in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C8D3B8C4CC50DE2FFBC825BED49E1E02" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1848" box="[1050,1164,494,518]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Conopeum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3DA71F55CC50DE2FFBC825BED49E1E02" box="[1050,1164,494,518]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070">Conopeum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and both
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6B42BEB6CC50DE2FFF29265ED1A21E22" author="Osburn RC" box="[251,432,526,550]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070" pagination="1 - 269" refId="ref57123" refString="Osburn RC. 1950. Bryozoa of the Pacific Coast of North America. Part 1, Cheilostomata - Anasca. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions 14: 1 - 269." type="journal article" year="1950">Osburn (1950)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6B42BEB6CC50DE2FFE2A265ED2D61E22" author="Mawatari S & Mawatari SF" box="[504,708,526,550]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070" pagination="349 - 360" refId="ref55680" refString="Mawatari S, Mawatari SF. 1974. Notes on the marine Bryozoa from Hokkaido. 2. Cyclostomata other than Crisiidae. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Series 6, Zoology 19 (2): 349 - 360." type="journal article" year="1974">Mawatari (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
were sceptical that these represented vestigial avicularia or ever formed true avicualaria. However, there is no doubt that in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C8D3B8C4CC50DE2FFBAB267ED0E81E63" authorityName="Grischenko & Dick & Mawatari" authorityYear="2007" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Conopeum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="nakanosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="3DA71F55CC50DE2FFBAB267ED0E81E63" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070">C. nakanosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the distolateral kenozooids can be replaced by avicularia. This does not occur on every zooid, but usually only among a few zooids in a mature region of a colony. It remains unclear whether the possible occurrence of avicularia in place of the kenozooids should be incorporated into the generic diagnosis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C8D3B8C4CC50DE2FFCE126E0D3B41ECC" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1848" box="[819,934,688,712]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Conopeum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3DA71F55CC50DE2FFCE126E0D3B41ECC" box="[819,934,688,712]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070">Conopeum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Another anascan,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C8D3B8C4CC50DE2FFFAF2680D29C1EEC" authority="Marcus, 1937" authorityName="Marcus" authorityYear="1937" box="[125,654,720,744]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Calloporidae" genus="Crassimarginatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="leucocypha">
|
||
<emphasis id="3DA71F55CC50DE2FFFAF2680D1DC1EEC" box="[125,462,720,744]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070">Crassimarginatella leucocypha</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6B42BEB6CC50DE2FFE0D2680D29C1EEC" author="Marcus E" box="[479,654,720,744]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070" pagination="1 - 257" refId="ref55370" refString="Marcus E. 1937. Bryozoairos marinhos Brasileiros 1. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia 1: 1 - 257, Plates 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1937">Marcus, 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, described from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="77C483D7CC50DE2FFCBF2680D3A21EEC" box="[877,944,720,744]" name="Brazil" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
and subsequently reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6B42BEB6CC50DE2FFEC126A1D1CF1F0D" author="Mawatari S" box="[275,477,753,777]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070" pagination="261 - 289" refId="ref55442" refString="Mawatari S. 1952. Bryozoa of Kii Peninsula. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 2 (2): 261 - 289." type="journal article" year="1952">Mawatari (1952)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from the Kii Peninsula, Sea of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="77C483D7CC50DE2FFCBA26A1D3BE1F0D" box="[872,940,753,777]" name="Japan" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, is morphologically similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C8D3B8C4CC50DE2FFED72741D1BC1F2D" authorityName="Grischenko & Dick & Mawatari" authorityYear="2007" box="[261,430,785,809]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Conopeum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="nakanosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="3DA71F55CC50DE2FFED72741D1BC1F2D" box="[261,430,785,809]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070">C. nakanosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having angular kenozooids that can transform into an avicularium (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6B42BEB6CC50DE2FFE912762D1F21F4E" author="Marcus E" box="[323,480,818,842]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070" pagination="1 - 257" refId="ref55370" refString="Marcus E. 1937. Bryozoairos marinhos Brasileiros 1. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia 1: 1 - 257, Plates 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1937">Marcus 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p 46, Plate 8,
|
||
<figureCitation id="97E8DFC2CC50DE2FFD5F2762D3061F4E" box="[653,788,818,842]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="55.[125,185,1243,1262]" captionTargetBox="[125,1174,133,1208]" captionTargetId="figure-118@55.[125,1174,133,1208]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="Figure 20. Porella acutirostris Smitt, 1868. (A, C, D) NHM 2006.2.27.62; (B) NHM 2006.2.27.64; (E) NHM 2006.2.27.63; (F) NHM 2006.2.27.65. (A) Immature zooids; (B) group of non-ovicellate zooids; (C) enlargement of orifice and suboral avicularium; (D) group of zooids with developing ovicells; (E) group of non-ovicellate zooids and zooids with umbonate ovicells; (F) ancestrula and periancestrular zooids. Scale bars: 0.5mm (A, B, D, E); 0.1mm (C); 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5228875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5228875/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070">Figure 20A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The apparent lack of ovicells in the former suggests
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C8D3B8C4CC50DE2FFEB02702D1C61F6E" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1848" box="[354,468,850,874]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Conopeum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3DA71F55CC50DE2FFEB02702D1C61F6E" box="[354,468,850,874]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070">Conopeum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
rather than the calloporid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C8D3B8C4CC50DE2FFCD72702D3DD1F6E" authorityName="Canu" authorityYear="1900" box="[773,975,850,874]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Calloporidae" genus="Crassimarginatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3DA71F55CC50DE2FFCD72702D3DD1F6E" box="[773,975,850,874]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070">Crassimarginatella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The kenozooids in this species are more extensive than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C8D3B8C4CC50DE2FFD592722D3221F8E" authorityName="Grischenko & Dick & Mawatari" authorityYear="2007" box="[651,816,882,906]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Conopeum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="nakanosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="3DA71F55CC50DE2FFD592722D3221F8E" box="[651,816,882,906]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070">C. nakanosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with a more central opesial opening, and there has been no mention of spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0F6CC347CC50DE2FFFAF27BED0EF1802" blockId="25.[125,253,1006,1030]" box="[125,253,1006,1030]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070">
|
||
<emphasis id="3DA71F55CC50DE2FFFAF27BED0EF1802" box="[125,253,1006,1030]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0F6CC347CC50DE2FFFAF204FD0CA189C" blockId="25.[125,1172,1055,1176]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070">
|
||
Akkeshi Bay is the only known locality for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C8D3B8C4CC50DE2FFD79204FD3401833" authorityName="Grischenko & Dick & Mawatari" authorityYear="2007" box="[683,850,1055,1079]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Conopeum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="nakanosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="3DA71F55CC50DE2FFD79204FD3401833" box="[683,850,1055,1079]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070">C. nakanosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6B42BEB6CC50DE2FFCB8204FD4581833" author="Mawatari S" box="[874,1098,1055,1079]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070" pagination="113 - 135" refId="ref55468" refString="Mawatari S. 1956. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from the Kuril Islands and the neighbouring districts. Pacific Science 10 (2): 113 - 135." type="journal article" year="1956">Mawatari’s (1956)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
short description and illustration of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C8D3B8C4CC50DE2FFE322010D27B185C" authorityName=": Mawatari" authorityYear="1956" box="[480,617,1088,1112]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Conopeum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="reticulum">
|
||
<emphasis id="3DA71F55CC50DE2FFE322010D27B185C" box="[480,617,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070">C. reticulum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Kuril Islands (Alaid and Paramushir) and from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="CD170DA5CC50DE2FFF202030D176187C" box="[242,356,1120,1144]" country="Japan" name="Hokkaido" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070">Hokkaido</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Akkeshi Bay and Kushiro) suggest he might have had
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C8D3B8C4CC50DE2FFC212030D486187C" authorityName="Grischenko & Dick & Mawatari" authorityYear="2007" box="[1011,1172,1120,1144]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Conopeum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="nakanosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="3DA71F55CC50DE2FFC212030D486187C" box="[1011,1172,1120,1144]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1070">C. nakanosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
instead.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |