treatments-xml/data/7B/52/87/7B5287F0DE4BE472E2703B3F053DCAFA.xml

<document ID-DOI="10.1111/zoj.12333" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4720622" checkinTime="1619444012732" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Prantoni, Alessandro Lívio, Wit, Pierre De &amp; Erséus, Christer" docDate="2016" docId="7B5287F0DE4BE472E2703B3F053DCAFA" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoolJLinnSoc.176.485-510.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12333" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8.2:ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleId="0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Grania unitheca Prantoni &amp; Wit &amp; Erséus 2016, SP. NOV." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="501" masterDocId="876BFF88DE44E462E349395E0740C819" masterDocTitle="First reports of Grania (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) from Africa and South America: molecular phylogeny and descriptions of nine new species" masterLastPageNumber="510" masterPageNumber="485" pageNumber="500" updateTime="1673465143273" updateUser="felipe">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>First reports of Grania (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) from Africa and South America: molecular phylogeny and descriptions of nine new species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Prantoni, Alessandro Lívio</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wit, Pierre De</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Erséus, Christer</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2016-02-10</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>176</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>3</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>485</mods:start>
<mods:end>510</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12333</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1111/zoj.12333</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">4720622</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7B5287F0DE4BE472E2703B3F053DCAFA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B5287F0DE4BE472E2703B3F053DCAFA" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="501" pageId="15" pageNumber="500">
<subSubSection box="[313,630,609,631]" pageId="15" pageNumber="500" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="15.[313,630,609,663]" box="[313,630,609,631]" pageId="15" pageNumber="500">
<heading box="[313,630,609,631]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="500" reason="4">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="3H82K" ID-ENA="1702339" authority="Prantoni &amp; Wit &amp; Erséus, 2016" authorityName="Prantoni &amp; Wit &amp; Erséus" authorityYear="2016" box="[313,531,609,630]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="15" pageNumber="500" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="unitheca" status="sp. nov.">GRANIA UNITHECA</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[538,630,610,631]" pageId="15" pageNumber="500" rank="species">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[538,571,610,631]" pageId="15" pageNumber="500">SP.</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[578,630,610,631]" pageId="15" pageNumber="500">NOV.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="501" pageId="15" pageNumber="500" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="15.[313,630,609,663]" box="[418,524,642,663]" pageId="15" pageNumber="500">
<figureCitation box="[418,524,642,663]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="15.[164,245,1852,1871]" captionTargetBox="[167,1441,1273,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-487@15.[164,1444,1273,1823]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 9. Grania unitheca sp. nov. A, chaetae. B, spermatheca. C, penial bulb. D, sperm funnel. See text for abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4720642" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4720642/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="500">FIGURE 9</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[164,780,680,885]" box="[164,263,680,701]" pageId="15" pageNumber="500">
<emphasis box="[164,263,680,701]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="500">
<typeStatus box="[164,263,680,701]" pageId="15" pageNumber="500">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[164,780,680,885]" pageId="15" pageNumber="500">
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="KT428113" collectingDate="2011-05-24" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="C. Erseus &amp; GenBank" country="United States of America" elevation="17" latitude="34.789444" location="North Carolina" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="-76.228615" pageId="15" pageNumber="500" specimenCode="USNM1283175" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="North Carolina" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCode box="[164,345,710,732]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="15" pageNumber="500" type="Museum">USNM1283175</specimenCode>
, CE11659, whole-mounted, sexually mature specimen, eight posterior segments amputat- ed, from 
<collectingRegion box="[262,433,772,794]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="15" pageNumber="500">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[444,499,772,793]" name="United States of America" pageId="15" pageNumber="500">USA</collectingCountry>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[510,636,771,793]" degrees="34" direction="north" minutes="47" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="500" precision="15" seconds="22" value="34.789444">34°47′22″N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[647,776,771,794]" degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="500" precision="15" seconds="43" value="-76.228615">76°13′43″W</geoCoordinate>
. Sublitoral, 
<quantity box="[288,342,802,824]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="15" pageNumber="500" unit="m" value="17.0">
<elevation box="[288,342,802,824]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="15" pageNumber="500" unit="m" value="17.0">17 m</elevation>
</quantity>
in depth, sand. Collected by 
<collectorName box="[666,775,802,824]" pageId="15" pageNumber="500">C. Erséus</collectorName>
, 
<date box="[164,309,833,854]" pageId="15" pageNumber="500" value="2011-05-24">
<collectingDate box="[164,309,833,854]" pageId="15" pageNumber="500" value="2011-05-24">24 May 2011</collectingDate>
</date>
. 
<emphasis box="[320,366,833,854]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="500">COI</emphasis>
barcode sequence, 
<collectorName box="[583,689,833,855]" pageId="15" pageNumber="500">GenBank</collectorName>
acc. no. 
<accessionNumber box="[164,283,864,885]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/KT428113" pageId="15" pageNumber="500">KT428113</accessionNumber>
; for other sequences, see 
<tableCitation box="[585,669,863,885]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[31,95,393,414]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Table 1. Specimens of the new species used for genetic analysis, with places of origin, voucher numbers, and GenBank accession numbers" pageId="15" pageNumber="500">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[164,674,926,979]" box="[164,283,926,947]" pageId="15" pageNumber="500">
<emphasis box="[164,283,926,947]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="500">Etymology</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[164,674,926,979]" box="[164,674,957,979]" pageId="15" pageNumber="500">
Named 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Prantoni &amp; Wit &amp; Erséus" authorityYear="2016" box="[256,354,957,978]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="15" pageNumber="500" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="unitheca">
<emphasis box="[256,354,957,978]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="500">unitheca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for its single spermatheca.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[164,779,1020,1225]" box="[164,293,1020,1041]" pageId="15" pageNumber="500">
<emphasis box="[164,293,1020,1041]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="500">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[164,779,1020,1225]" lastBlockId="15.[826,1442,197,1014]" pageId="15" pageNumber="500">
Body&gt; 
<quantity box="[256,357,1050,1072]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.56" pageId="15" pageNumber="500" unit="mm" value="8.56">8.56 mm</quantity>
long, 61 segments (including segments used for DNA analysis), 
<quantity box="[568,672,1081,1102]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="500" unit="mm" value="0.09">0.09 mm</quantity>
wide at segment V, 
<quantity box="[308,412,1111,1133]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="500" unit="mm" value="0.09">0.09 mm</quantity>
at segment XII. Prostomium rounded, 40 μm long, 60 μm wide, epidermis not reduced at front tip, 6 μm thick. Ventral chaetae from segment XV, lateral chaetae absent. Chaetae (
<figureCitation box="[689,772,1203,1225]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="15.[164,245,1852,1871]" captionTargetBox="[167,1441,1273,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-487@15.[164,1444,1273,1823]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 9. Grania unitheca sp. nov. A, chaetae. B, spermatheca. C, penial bulb. D, sperm funnel. See text for abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4720642" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4720642/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="500">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
) 50–62 μm long, shaft straight, 3.7–5.0 μm thick at midpoint, hook-shaped. Epidermal gland cells inconspicuous. Clitellum not well developed. Spermathecal pore unpaired, mid dorsal, just posterior to 4/5. Male pores ventrolateral in middle of segment XII. Female pores not observed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[826,1442,197,1014]" pageId="15" pageNumber="500">
Brain posteriorly indented. Head organ (
<emphasis box="[1318,1381,381,402]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="500">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Rota E &amp; Erseus C" pageId="15" pageNumber="500" pagination="169 - 183" refId="ref18340" refString="Rota E, Erseus C. 1996. Six new species of Grania (Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae) from the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Antarctic Science 2: 169 - 183." type="journal article" year="1996">Rota &amp; Erséus, 1996</bibRefCitation>
) absent. Pharyngeal glands in segments IV–VI, dorsal lobes in segment IV (one pair), in segment V (one pair), and in segment VI (one pair), ventral lobes present in segment IV (one pair), in segment V (two pairs), and in segment VI (two pairs); glands not connected dorsally. Nephridia not observed. Chloragogen cells not observed. Dorsal blood vessel commencing in segment XV. Coelomocytes not observed. Sperm sac extending to segment XIV, egg sac in segment XVII. Sperm funnels as long as wide (
<figureCitation box="[834,921,717,739]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="15.[164,245,1852,1871]" captionTargetBox="[167,1441,1273,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-487@15.[164,1444,1273,1823]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 9. Grania unitheca sp. nov. A, chaetae. B, spermatheca. C, penial bulb. D, sperm funnel. See text for abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4720642" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4720642/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="500">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
). Vasa deferentia observed in segments XII– XIII, internally ciliated, coiled, 8 μm wide. Penial apparatus 
<typeStatus box="[926,975,779,800]" pageId="15" pageNumber="500">type</typeStatus>
1 (
<emphasis box="[1016,1079,779,800]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="500">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Coates KA" box="[1090,1243,778,800]" pageId="15" pageNumber="500" pagination="45 - 50" refId="ref16484" refString="Coates KA. 1984. Specific criteria in Grania (Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae). Hydrobiologia 115: 45 - 50." type="journal article" year="1984">Coates, 1984</bibRefCitation>
), small, compact glandular bulb, 44 μm long, 39 μm wide; stylet absent (
<figureCitation box="[834,915,839,861]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="15.[164,245,1852,1871]" captionTargetBox="[167,1441,1273,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-487@15.[164,1444,1273,1823]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 9. Grania unitheca sp. nov. A, chaetae. B, spermatheca. C, penial bulb. D, sperm funnel. See text for abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4720642" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4720642/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="500">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
). Midventral copulatory gland (in segment XIV) present. Spermatheca attached to oesophagus near 5/6. Ampulla nearly spherical, 52 μm long, 54 μm wide. Sperm rings maximally 9 μm wide (
<figureCitation box="[1222,1303,931,953]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="15.[164,245,1852,1871]" captionTargetBox="[167,1441,1273,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-487@15.[164,1444,1273,1823]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 9. Grania unitheca sp. nov. A, chaetae. B, spermatheca. C, penial bulb. D, sperm funnel. See text for abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4720642" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4720642/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="500">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
). Ectal duct, 61 μm long, 35 μm wide at midcourse. No gland at spermathecal pore.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[826,1441,1080,1225]" box="[826,927,1080,1101]" pageId="15" pageNumber="500">
<emphasis box="[826,927,1080,1101]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="500">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[826,1441,1080,1225]" lastBlockId="16.[144,759,197,739]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="501" pageId="15" pageNumber="500">
An unpaired spermatheca is unusual in enchytraeids and, among 
<taxonomicName box="[973,1148,1142,1164]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="15" pageNumber="500" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis box="[973,1055,1142,1163]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="500">Grania</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
, it has been only report- ed for 
<taxonomicName authority="Erseus &amp; Lasserre, 1976" authorityName="Erseus &amp; Lasserre" authorityYear="1976" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="15" pageNumber="500" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="monospermatheca">
<emphasis box="[906,1203,1172,1194]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="500">Grania monospermatheca</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Erseus C &amp; Lasserre P" pageId="15" pageNumber="500" pagination="121 - 132" refId="ref17251" refString="Erseus C, Lasserre P. 1976. Taxonomic status and geographic variation of the marine enchytraeid genus Grania Southern (Oligochaeta). Zoologica Scripta 5: 121 - 132." type="journal article" year="1976">Erséus &amp; Lasserre, 1976</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, also known from the continental shelf off the eastern 
<collectingCountry box="[239,296,197,218]" name="United States of America" pageId="16" pageNumber="501">USA</collectingCountry>
. In fact, 
<taxonomicName authority="Prantoni &amp; Wit &amp; Erséus, 2016" authorityName="Prantoni &amp; Wit &amp; Erséus" authorityYear="2016" box="[403,534,197,218]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="16" pageNumber="501" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="unitheca" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[403,534,197,218]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="501">G. unitheca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[541,625,197,218]" pageId="16" pageNumber="501" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is morphologically similar to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Erseus &amp; Lasserre" authorityYear="1976" box="[367,604,227,249]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="16" pageNumber="501" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="monospermatheca">
<emphasis box="[367,604,227,249]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="501">G. monospermatheca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in almost all characters observed; however, it may be distinguished from 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Erseus &amp; Lasserre" authorityYear="1976" box="[310,549,289,310]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="16" pageNumber="501" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="monospermatheca">
<emphasis box="[310,549,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="501">G. monospermatheca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its small and compact penial bulb, with no stylet. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Erseus &amp; Lasserre" authorityYear="1976" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="16" pageNumber="501" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="monospermatheca">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="501">Grania monospermatheca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a more complex penial apparatus, with a large glandular structure attached to the penial bulb, and the presence of a stylet. Furthermore, 
<taxonomicName authority="Prantoni &amp; Wit &amp; Erséus, 2016" authorityName="Prantoni &amp; Wit &amp; Erséus" authorityYear="2016" box="[214,340,442,463]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="16" pageNumber="501" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="unitheca" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[214,340,442,463]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="501">G. unitheca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[347,429,442,463]" pageId="16" pageNumber="501" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
possesses a midventral copulatory gland in segment XIV. This gland was not observed in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Erseus &amp; Lasserre" authorityYear="1976" box="[273,497,503,524]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="16" pageNumber="501" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="monospermatheca">
<emphasis box="[273,497,503,524]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="501">G. monospermatheca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see 
<bibRefCitation author="Erseus C &amp; Lasserre P" pageId="16" pageNumber="501" pagination="121 - 132" refId="ref17251" refString="Erseus C, Lasserre P. 1976. Taxonomic status and geographic variation of the marine enchytraeid genus Grania Southern (Oligochaeta). Zoologica Scripta 5: 121 - 132." type="journal article" year="1976">Erséus &amp; Lasserre, 1976</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation author="Coates KA &amp; Erseus C" box="[261,531,533,555]" pageId="16" pageNumber="501" pagination="103 - 116" refId="ref16570" refString="Coates KA, Erseus C. 1985. Marine Enchytraeids (Oligochaeta) of the Coastal Northwest Atlantic (Northern and Mid U. S. A.) Zoologica Scripta, 14: 103 - 116." type="journal article" year="1985">Coates &amp; Erséus, 1985</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4720642" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4720642" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4720642/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="500" startId="15.[164,245,1852,1871]" targetBox="[167,1441,1273,1819]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph blockId="15.[164,1441,1852,1901]" pageId="15" pageNumber="500">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[164,587,1852,1871]" pageId="15" pageNumber="500">
Figure 9. 
<taxonomicName authority="Prantoni &amp; Wit &amp; Erséus, 2016" authorityName="Prantoni &amp; Wit &amp; Erséus" authorityYear="2016" box="[284,490,1852,1871]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="15" pageNumber="500" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="unitheca" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[284,490,1852,1871]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="500">Grania unitheca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[497,587,1852,1871]" pageId="15" pageNumber="500" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
A, chaetae. B, spermatheca. C, penial bulb. D, sperm funnel. See text for abbreviations.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="16.[144,759,197,739]" pageId="16" pageNumber="501">
Genetically, these two species are well distinguished from each other; however, the phylogenetic analysis, as well as the fact that the two species are from the same geographical area, suggest that 
<taxonomicName authority="Prantoni &amp; Wit &amp; Erséus, 2016" authorityName="Prantoni &amp; Wit &amp; Erséus" authorityYear="2016" box="[144,269,686,708]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="16" pageNumber="501" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="unitheca" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[144,269,686,708]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="501">G. unitheca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[274,355,687,708]" pageId="16" pageNumber="501" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Erseus &amp; Lasserre" authorityYear="1976" box="[410,637,686,708]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="16" pageNumber="501" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="monospermatheca">
<emphasis box="[410,637,686,708]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="501">G. monospermatheca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are closely related (see ‘Phylogenetic analysis’ below).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>