264 lines
30 KiB
XML
264 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="26FC6D1989CD5A854A8A8E48AFDE5F88" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.646.10897" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1bf128e8-f163-4a48-8e0f-1a911e5ef85b" ID-PMC="PMC5299444" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-646-119" ID-PubMed="28228680" ID-ZooBank="18BB1484506F4F16888621C2D4F63B8B" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-646-119" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 646" ModsDocTitle="Revision of the genus Tarema Schaus, 1896 (Lepidoptera, Mimallonoidea, Mimallonidae) with the description of a new species from southeastern Brazil" checkinTime="1484862053531" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="St Laurent, Ryan A., Herbin, Daniel & Mielke, Carlos G. C." docDate="2017" docId="75D32E8B2E4563A82962390C2E27849A" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 646: 119-137" docOrigin="ZooKeys 646" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.646.10897" docTitle="Tarema fuscosa Jones 1908" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="132" masterDocId="FFD4FFE4FFC1FFBFFF9CAD65FFDCFF9C" masterDocTitle="Revision of the genus Tarema Schaus, 1896 (Lepidoptera, Mimallonoidea, Mimallonidae) with the description of a new species from southeastern Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="137" masterPageNumber="119" pageNumber="127" updateTime="1701315794183" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="48271429A76FC6C3F3EF378875744F3D">Revision of the genus Tarema Schaus, 1896 (Lepidoptera, Mimallonoidea, Mimallonidae) with the description of a new species from southeastern Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="ABDF0CC8AB0B41E21F4C3EF664239D0D">St Laurent, Ryan A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A27664F7E62A352FAB064ED0179B11B3">Herbin, Daniel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9A23663B812728D9818CFF62AED54777">Mielke, Carlos G. C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="804274E7D42043E44129CC53F754290F">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="9CA4F0E52F459FABDE51476FF2762C6C">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:url id="E7F33D1582E480B40840F36419D59120">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.646.10897</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="E1F7C0EAFC53241778B1393FBACE338C">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="F87D3C516DF99780A3F86A5F9FC6258E" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.646.10897</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="75D32E8B2E4563A82962390C2E27849A" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127870240" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75D32E8B2E4563A82962390C2E27849A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/75D32E8B2E4563A82962390C2E27849A" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="132" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">
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<subSubSection id="B7014C66037A87FEC29B7418C79CA016" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="5099133DB9B8BEAFBBA8C0725410CE0F" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">
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<taxonomicName id="CBB62E70E63DF48509A8135F24AAC8F5" ID-CoL="54X89" authority="Jones, 1908" authorityName="Jones" authorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Tarema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tarema fuscosa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscosa">Tarema fuscosa Jones, 1908</taxonomicName>
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Figs 8-10, 12, 15, 16
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D549082FC306B1B9F491B1F186954599" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="C100E37D7CA2CD070154632CB6F629CF" pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
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<taxonomicName id="0A7E325486846898BA10FACA99B00827" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Tarema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tarema fuscosa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscosa">
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<pageBreakToken id="0432E795AD1BBEF898AE553DD0FC2338" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" start="start">Tarema</pageBreakToken>
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fuscosa
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</taxonomicName>
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Jones, 1908: 173-174
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FBF7852229CCCF146C54F911823693EE" pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
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<taxonomicName id="F5A0B334A1747F3130FCA808AD4E7C50" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Tarema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tarema fuscosa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscosa">Tarema fuscosa</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="03D7CC203BB4EE1BD7273DD83F2E7CF3" author="Schaus, W" editor="Seitz, A" journalOrPublisher="A. Kernen, Stuttgart" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" pagination="635 - 672" title="Familie Mimallonidae." volumeTitle="Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. 6. Die amerikanischen Spinner und Schwaermer" year="1928">Schaus 1928</bibRefCitation>
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: 670, fig. 88i ♂
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4B22E1022E41543B01ED4843A4073F0F" pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
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<taxonomicName id="359D879274B78B6EF95F975BA3709CA4" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Tarema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tarema fuscosa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscosa">Tarema fuscosa</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="4F09C2FECA64D82FA109726F429374DC" author="Gaede, M" editor="Strand, E" journalOrPublisher="W. Junk, Berlin" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" pagination="2 - 19" title="Pars 50: Mimallonidae." volumeTitle="Lepidopterorum Catalogus" year="1931">Gaede 1931</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="263533A3A4CF58D34DFB4D2B72D97581" pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
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<taxonomicName id="6B4B52E57EF37F8FEF8754D40FC2A97C" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Tarema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tarema fuscosa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscosa">Tarema fuscosa</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="496A129A7C41ABFCE270A56C3F394CF6" author="Becker, VO" editor="Heppner, JB" journalOrPublisher="Association for Tropical Lepidoptera, Gainesville" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" pagination="17 - 19" title="Mimallonidae." volumeTitle="Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera, Checklist (Part 4 B) - Drepanoidea, Bombycoidea, Sphingoidea" year="1996">Becker 1996</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C5BDEEE7375C51BB44D3F0529370E52B" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="BAC5AE469DE73E0C52AA790612EFC630" pageId="9" pageNumber="128">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="84E4A6BAA08406311000B3C8A6F404AD" pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
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Lectotype [here designated], ♂. BRAZIL:
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<normalizedToken id="752BD1FDA049E66E7E258E1D2919FC4C" originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
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: Castro,
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<normalizedToken id="E513F831BF641C5A12673586656D2D1E" originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
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, 950 m, E.D. Jones /
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<taxonomicName id="4F1C3CDE015CFB2D551A6D6E37099E1B" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Tarema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tarema fuscosa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscosa">Tarema fuscosa</taxonomicName>
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Type D. Jones/ E.D. Jones Coll., Brit. Mus., 1919-295/ BMNH(E) #805428/ SYN-TYPE/ NHMUK010354542/ [genitalia] VIAL NHMUK010402134/ LECTOTYPE male
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<taxonomicName id="E957BBB8232B928FCC860A5302375E3D" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Tarema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tarema fuscosa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscosa">Tarema fuscosa</taxonomicName>
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designated by St Laurent, Herbin, and C. Mielke, 2017 [handwritten red label]/ (NHMUK, examined). Type locality: Brazil:
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<normalizedToken id="1F837A59698127CCD6B069D1CD701BE5" originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
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: Castro.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A644F346BB7127BBA10596EFCEED0BBB" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="129" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="EFAB1DE23CFDACFA0F12AC0A76A71476" pageId="9" pageNumber="128">Additional specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DBA236BE9861A98A2BB23200B8F1C775" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="129" pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
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(114 ♂, 4 ♀) BRAZIL: Distrito Federal: 1 ♂,
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<normalizedToken id="1C717D7871B38B79CB32DF3800061238" originalValue="Estação">Estacao</normalizedToken>
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Florestal,
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<normalizedToken id="C477DFBF7291565D90C02B7DC1F9A582" originalValue="Cabeça">Cabeca</normalizedToken>
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do Veado, 1100 m: 17.X.1971, E.G., I. & E.A. Mun
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<pageBreakToken id="54CF56D7CEE8EB3AD99718144C03D9CE" pageId="10" pageNumber="129" start="start">roe</pageBreakToken>
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leg., St Laurent diss.: 3-14-16:10 (CNC). 2 ♂, Parque do Gama: 10.X.1971, E.G. Munroe & K.S. Brown leg., St Laurent diss.: 3-14-16:9 (CNC). Bahia: 35 ♂, 1 ♀, env. Camacan (SB),
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<geoCoordinate id="9549E3FAEE42A67173300742A6291FF2" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-15.416667">15°25'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="C3F244354E594140DA9EA4E0DADBDAAE" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-39.566666">39°34'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 800m: X.2011, XI.2011, XII.2011, H.
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<normalizedToken id="0C7104A455A3FB328A67BA5C307CA411" originalValue="Thöny">Thoeny</normalizedToken>
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leg., genital prep. 29.217 (MWM). 1 ♂, env. Camacan (SB), 750 m: IV.2011, H.
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<normalizedToken id="723B94D105E163D4656614CF7B89DF6E" originalValue="Thöny">Thoeny</normalizedToken>
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leg. (MWM). 1 ♂, 1 ♀, env. Camacan, ca. 750 m: 10-14.XI.2010, Th. Greifenstein leg. (MWM). 2 ♂, Camacan,
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<geoCoordinate id="3B52CF4815CBCEEAD36C852351C399D1" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-15.4">15°24'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="CF4A13A3E7F7CD19F8443D881E70279D" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-39.5">39°30'W</geoCoordinate>
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: III.2011, H.
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<normalizedToken id="DBE6FEAC946BDD8C94D34D76C1CEC693" originalValue="Thöny">Thoeny</normalizedToken>
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leg. (MWM). 1 ♂,
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<normalizedToken id="C1490F2CF7EB9D584E4C13E037912434" originalValue="Maraú">Marau</normalizedToken>
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, Fazenda
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<normalizedToken id="D595C2E42AAEDCD61415418E62B91CFB" originalValue="Água">Agua</normalizedToken>
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Boa,
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<geoCoordinate id="62E8691A83F8DF8C7AA9C2C0288CD2D2" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-14.216666">14°13'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="258694545A7A947CCF4C4861B979B8E9" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-39.483334">39°29'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 150 m: IV.2011, H.
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<normalizedToken id="40A970E327FA8646DAB44180F31BCB39" originalValue="Thöny">Thoeny</normalizedToken>
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leg. (MWM). 2 ♂, env. Camacan,
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<geoCoordinate id="A98E6FF7825F55FF526DA8C4EF4767D1" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-15.416667">15°25'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="61C470846942AD54115BCA1E11F89C19" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-39.566666">39°34'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 800 m: X.2012, H.
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<normalizedToken id="05A4BC4DBB8C3E6C6B8FA5B43E9B6476" originalValue="Thöny">Thoeny</normalizedToken>
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leg. (MWM).
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<normalizedToken id="EE6FD07B445AA42124AA0C7CB0AF3BE6" originalValue="Espírito">Espirito</normalizedToken>
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Santo: 10 ♂, Santa Leopoldina, Village Tirol,
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<geoCoordinate id="523017E3DCC13D2B25FEB5CB081E208C" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-25.25">24°75'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="018DADAE49A717DF517656CB67C71449" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-40.833332">40°50'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 700 m: 22-31.X.1996, 20.
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<normalizedToken id="A093E517DCC6E90D08A5BD2A87CDB425" originalValue="II–">II-</normalizedToken>
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30.III.1997, V.1997, 15.V.1997, VIII.1997, 15.IX.1997, VI.1998, X.1999, H.
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<normalizedToken id="67EA3C0B8C9923CFBF3E2E3DE00037C2" originalValue="Thöny">Thoeny</normalizedToken>
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leg. (MWM). 5 ♂, Santa Leopoldina, Village Tirol, 700 m: III.1999, VI.1999, X.1999, III.2000, H.
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<normalizedToken id="B43C3BF4DA594000F885675614744B30" originalValue="Thöny">Thoeny</normalizedToken>
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leg. (MWM). 1 ♂, Santa Leopoldina, Village Tirol,
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<geoCoordinate id="F85DD1244DE2569FC2D91476E0C01C4A" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-20.166666">20°10'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="5A86B9D9FA51169736F6BE5DFD2E4559" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-40.55">40°33'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 700 m: XI.2000, H.
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<normalizedToken id="4320936C3A17FABD4530809B54EAEC12" originalValue="Thöny">Thoeny</normalizedToken>
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leg. (MWM). 9 ♂, Santa Leopoldina,
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<normalizedToken id="307DBAB1D3EBA9A4FB8BABCD3CC101BA" originalValue="Boqueirão">Boqueirao</normalizedToken>
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, 600 m: 15.II.199, VI.1997, 15.IX.1997, H.
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<normalizedToken id="8C2766A90580B40F56C7C2128ECEA2C3" originalValue="Thöny">Thoeny</normalizedToken>
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leg. (MWM). 2 ♂, No additional locality data: USNM-Mimal: 2729, 2730 (USNM). Rio de Janeiro 1 ♂, Barreira,
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<normalizedToken id="CE0D0E9E976A1646335006E3CB802F1B" originalValue="Teresópolis">Teresopolis</normalizedToken>
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: 18.X.1955, Coll. Gagarin (DZUP). 1 ♂,
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<normalizedToken id="F5FF99B4435D53A9D53AD53EDE5E4381" originalValue="Petrópolis">Petropolis</normalizedToken>
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: 19.XI.1928, Gagarin leg., Coll. Gagarin (DZUP). 4 ♂, Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, Lago Azul, 800 m: 20-22.VI.1955, R. Barros, D. Albuquerque, & Pearson leg. (NHMUK). 1 ♂, Itatiaia, Horto Florestal (=horticultural garden), 800 m: 10.VIII.1953, Travassos & Pearson leg., Brit. Mus. 1962-112 (NHMUK). 1 ♂, No additional locality data: Coll. Thalenhorst, Coll. Staudinger (MNHU).
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<normalizedToken id="B640337D08B62E5214F04E752847B6B8" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
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Paulo: 9 ♂, 1 ♀, Guapiara, Paivinha, 800 m: 5-6.XI.2004 (1 ♂), 24-27.VII.2005 (2 ♂), 18.VII.2007 (1 ♂), 11.VIII.2007 (3 ♂, 1 ♀), 12.IX.2007 (2 ♂), C. Mielke leg., Coll. C. Mielke 25.772, 26.433, 26.535, 26.537, 26.680, 26.955, 26.977, 27.060, 28.074, 28.106 (CGCM). 1 ♂,
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<normalizedToken id="BC9D8EEDF35767D466FF35842BB31DCD" originalValue="Embu-Guaçu">Embu-Guacu</normalizedToken>
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:
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<normalizedToken id="7BCC31B9287DC7CC379B442971607912" originalValue="Sitío">Sitio</normalizedToken>
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, L. Travassos F. leg. (CDH). 4 ♂,
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<normalizedToken id="1DD0A57496C61F14171781F4D971998F" originalValue="Apiaí">Apiai</normalizedToken>
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, 750 m: 8.VIII.2006 (2 ♂), 7.IX.2007 (2 ♂), C. Mielke leg. (CDH). 1 ♂, Ypiranga [recte Ipiranga,
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<normalizedToken id="085E6219A5116B47A9A27A419EBCA0DA" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
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Paulo]: V.1924, R. Spitz, Rothschild Bequest, BM 1939-1 (NHMUK). 2 ♂, Alto da Serra [Paranapiacaba]: VI.1926, VII.1928, R. Spitz leg., Rothschild Bequest, BM 1939-1 (NHMUK). 2 ♂,
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<normalizedToken id="F2D8F736BFD4FBC414580A2E0EDA0A7C" originalValue="Salesópolis">Salesopolis</normalizedToken>
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, Boracea [
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<normalizedToken id="6ACC0715AAE092448E5011F1324015DE" originalValue="Boracéia">Boraceia</normalizedToken>
|
||
], 850 m: 26.VIII.1949, Travassos, Travassos Filho, Pearson, & Rabello leg., Brit. Mus. 1962-112 (NHMUK); 23-26.V.1952, Pearson leg., 528, USNM-Mimal: 2424 (USNM).
|
||
<normalizedToken id="13B1EDDCF92BEAE3A512278220364340" originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
|
||
: 2 ♂, Ponta Grossa: IV.1948, No. 1552, Coll. F. Justus Jor (DZUP). 1 ♂, Tijucas do Sul [recte Guaratuba], Castelhanos,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="68843C13616640FDDE347E6C75789B88" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-20.433332">20°26'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F532E5E04F96C320B587C6339482BC0F" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-54.65">54°39'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
[coordinates likely incorrect], 500 m: 1.VI.1999, H.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E8903DD8D3F881ADFF9173059B160F54" originalValue="Thöny">Thoeny</normalizedToken>
|
||
leg. (MWM). Santa Catarina: 1 ♂,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2C3A13F15144795AD76936D60341D539" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
Bento do Sul, Rio Vermelho, Road to Rio Natal,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="1D27C9DF4AA81B643F706C6B6947E6A4" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-26.333548">26°20'00.77"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CCA5CCBC34CE6030CA1D6FA9C2B95348" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-49.307846">49°18'28.25"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 503 m: no date, Rank leg., genitalia prep. D. Herbin ref H. 1013 (CDH). 8 ♂,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5C9565F1EC5FC07F393F2BA81508BBCF" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
Bento do Sul, Rio Natal, 850 m: VI.1998, VII.1998, VIII.1998, IX.1998, X.1998, VII.1999, H.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7B051497E2C0F45DEC750367A3900A38" originalValue="Thöny">Thoeny</normalizedToken>
|
||
leg. (MWM). 1 ♂, Blumenau: E. Wenzel S.G. leg. (MNHU). 1 ♂, No additional locality data: St Laurent diss.: 2-26-16:7 (CUIC). 1 ♂, No additional locality data/illegible: Dognin Coll., 269, USNM-Mimal: 2678 (USNM). No state: 1 ♀,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8E31A167BFF105285F154E3BC78874F2" originalValue="“Brasil”">"Brasil"</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Mssn. G. (MNHU).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="58BFFBF7FEBA40015587E9811F5DB91A" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="130" pageId="10" pageNumber="129" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="A6FC173A99BA8FCA5D037E56884C6932" pageId="10" pageNumber="129">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3B56EDF61126AB20F77B6943D1D744A6" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="130" pageId="10" pageNumber="129">
|
||
Compared to the other two species in the genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74088E8FAB5D0E0514EDAAE1CB6D0DCB" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Tarema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tarema fuscosa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscosa">Tarema fuscosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
is easily recognized by the very dark brown to nearly black ground color, with a dark patch at
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="3978041C4560E100F7E9EB69016EFC92" pageId="11" pageNumber="130" start="start">the</pageBreakToken>
|
||
apex of the forewings surrounded by pale cream markings. The male genitalia is unique in having heavily sclerotized, spiny, club-like vincular arms that are not connected lengthwise to the valves. This is also the only species in the genus with an ovoid gnathos plate. Additionally, the dorsal projection of the phallus is short and spiny, not smooth as in the other two species. The female genitalia have a smaller corpus bursae than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CD4803E3893C1A5C5C0A245997DB3B97" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Tarema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tarema rivara" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rivara">Tarema rivara</taxonomicName>
|
||
and a broad singular tergite VIII, as opposed to the trilobed corresponding tergite of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F8A066FABFCBA7BA8C906D567A293EF" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Tarema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tarema rivara" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rivara">Tarema rivara</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9724DF834BB7C931FF4A1832E4F0EDA7" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="132" pageId="11" pageNumber="130" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="7D131E116B94D030436336CD5276D96D" pageId="11" pageNumber="130">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3B3A89BC8DEB4429B0F2089A65839FEC" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="132" pageId="11" pageNumber="130">
|
||
Male.Head: As for genus, grayish brown; antenna coloration usually as for head, though pectination darker brown than flagellum; labial palpus reduced, apparently three segmented, but third segment much reduced. Thorax: Coloration similar to that of head, though appearing hoary due to banded brown and pale khaki to cream colored scales, prothorax with more heavily concentrated khaki or cream colored scales. Legs: Coloration as for thorax, though femur and tibia darker brown, tarsus lighter, cream colored. Forewing dorsum: Forewing length: 11-16 mm, avg.: 13.8 mm, wingspan: 22-31 mm, n=17. Ground color ranging from pale reddish brown to nearly black, overall generously shaded by cream colored scales giving the wing a hoary, layered appearance. Postmedial line as for genus, but coloration light cream not bordered externally with black except for darkened region concentrated near to tornus. Ante- and median areas usually concolorous, submarginal area with reduced cream colored scales, appearing much darker red-brown, brown, to nearly black. Apical half of submarginal area with postmedial lunule, the latter either slightly curved toward wing margin, or nearly parallel with margin, especially along apical half of lunule, basal half of submarginal area with darker red-brown or black patch along postmedial line, apex with darker brown patch outlined by white lunule and cream colored patch immediately beneath darker apical patch. Costa appearing lighter than most of wing due to heavy concentration of cream or khaki colored scales. Discal spot as for genus. Fringe light gray to khaki with lighter and darker patches. Forewing ventrum: Similar to dorsum but usually lighter due to more extensive covering of cream and khaki scales, some of which appear yellowish, apical half of submarginal area darker than that of dorsum, except where interrupted by lighter band below apical patch; antemedial line always absent, postmedial line never straight, angled outward toward wing margin mesally. Hindwing dorsum: Coloration as for forewing dorsum, following similar patterning but antemedial line absent, postmedial line slightly concave, and submarginal area more uniformly dark reddish brown, dark brown, or black, always with contrasting orange patch of scales mesally. Hindwing ventrum: Following same pattern as forewing ventrum, postmedial lunule reduced to straight, faint streak. Abdomen: As for genus, concolorous with thorax. Genitalia: (Fig. 12) n=7. Vinculum somewhat ovoid, ventrally with reduced saccus. Uncus robust but reduced to slightly triangular stump with slight bidentation terminally. Gnathos an ovoid, elongated, mesally indented plate. Valves short, rounded, weakly sclerotized mesally. Base of valves with pair of long, fingerlike projections. Valves with more heavily sclerotized, spined accessory arms connected to vinculum. Accessory arms narrow and tube-like, terminating in enlarged club end with spines concentrated terminally or present along entire length of arm. Diaphragm with pair of horsetail-like setal patches consisting of very
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="91F3231DC72384DF1711DD27416A836C" pageId="12" pageNumber="131" start="start">long</pageBreakToken>
|
||
setae that extend outward over phallus below gnathos plate, setae curled backward at end. Phallus broad, large, widened distally, with two elongated accessory projections, one projection more variable in length, superior to phallus, irregular, pointed, spined; other projection longer, narrower, running laterally along phallus originating from within phallus, tip of second projection sharp, angled backward. Vesica balloon-
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="45174E9FEC6E7D49A231AB3E9131E0C6" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" start="start">like</pageBreakToken>
|
||
, slightly scobinate, separated into fairly distinct diverticula. Female.Head: Similar to male, but broader, antennae and labial palpi smaller. Thorax: As in male, though cream colored scales may be a bit yellower. Legs: As in male. Forewing dorsum: Forewing length: 17.0-18.5 mm, avg.: 17.5 mm, wingspan: 31.0-34.5 mm, n=3. Sexual dimorphism reduced, as in male but slightly broader, postmedial line usually more noticeably bent. Forewing ventrum: Similar to forewing ventrum of male, but veins usually lined with yellow scales. Hindwing dorsum: Coloration and markings as for forewing dorsum, orange mesal patch present in male very faint in female. Hindwing ventrum: Follows same pattern as forewing ventrum. Abdomen: As in male but slightly more robust. Tergite VIII as single broad plate, sternite VIII as wrinkled mass consisting of two pieces, covered in thick, branched setae. Genitalia: (Fig. 15) n=1. As for genus but particularly stout, robust. Corpus bursae somewhat reduced in size.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DC34AFDA516DB2A7E0FBB9F8EA7EEDD1" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="1754DDAC6FA2838FFC3B051300CF3249" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="655583FC94BD7BE40EEB917066144024" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">
|
||
(Fig. 16). Although we report a few records from central Brazil (Distrito Federal), most records of this species are restricted to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest in the states of Bahia,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D919BCABD2974C40721F74B561E9BCBC" originalValue="Espírito">Espirito</normalizedToken>
|
||
Santo, Rio de Janeiro,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B66802D649113DDFBF7C9115B20797C4" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
Paulo,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="305833E00D1F8DC6C9FED918AA7F96E3" originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
|
||
, and Santa Catarina. See remarks for potential issues pertaining to the Cerrado records.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E8DEC83EF4B3E2CCCB4C26C8D591705D" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="D8E1059BBCB3E795DA12239C461EA935" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="49B135DB03E8128DA0A7604D40AF72E6" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">
|
||
As mentioned in the remarks of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ABB19BFBB717DECE5B815673383BDFC9" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Tarema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tarema rivara" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rivara">Tarema rivara</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95C35BD132A0A0EF2B3527156F5FE8E4" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Tarema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tarema fuscosa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscosa">Tarema fuscosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows a trend in distribution where it is more commonly encountered in humid Atlantic Forest than elsewhere in Brazil. Although we do have some records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF595497BD4BD8FF7874C5FE7A522978" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Tarema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tarema fuscosa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscosa">Tarema fuscosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Distrito Federal, there is a possibility that they were mislabeled. Out of over 100 examined specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9EBA442CF08A7AA3821273FB9138911" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Tarema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tarema fuscosa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscosa">Tarema fuscosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the only Cerrado material was from the same collector, who also collected in regions where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72A4967CEB7166A5B349035470BBE50E" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Tarema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tarema fuscosa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscosa">Tarema fuscosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
would be more expected, such as the Brazilian states of
|
||
<normalizedToken id="ADEA9E88D5A5193EE52DA6147B7019B7" originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
|
||
and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="20213D205432C3B467F493FC64B4C897" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
Paulo. We could not locate any
|
||
<taxonomicName id="644A8FD0CE27D4A25E7521DCB522470C" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Tarema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tarema fuscosa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscosa">Tarema fuscosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens from the Cerrado among the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="97A4AE6CD8F33C26D9E7F86696B21CA0" family="Mimallonidae" lsidName="" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" rank="family">Mimallonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens collected there in the USNM, NHMUK, or CPAC.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A35143783B65D0DE8DE6810ACA11185B" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">
|
||
Prior to this work, the female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1508770028C6C2649D1E455B379276E" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Tarema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tarema fuscosa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscosa">Tarema fuscosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
was not reported in the literature; therefore we describe and figure it here for the first time.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |