283 lines
32 KiB
XML
283 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="B3ACDA15889A0702C48FFF51E8B70831" ID-CLB-Dataset="198845" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.574.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="350315c7-bca0-4eac-a4cb-379a6481a6b8" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7380966" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1669806870762" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Marcano, Vicente" docDate="2022" docId="6E2A87A9F43BFFC2C1FCFDADFDDCE5CF" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.574.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 574 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.574.3.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.7:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Dictyonema andinum V. Marcano 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="211" masterDocId="9213FFD1F430FFCEC174FFC1FF85E47B" masterDocTitle="Eight new species of lichenized Basidiomycota in the genera Acantholichen, Cyphellostereum and Dictyonema s. str. (Agaricales, Hygrophoraceae) from northern South America" masterLastPageNumber="225" masterPageNumber="199" pageNumber="210" updateTime="1699412310097" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="72A0F3FA2A4F41F04C729ABDB85554EE">
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<mods:title id="87B593982DDBB017921DF198A7438443">Eight new species of lichenized Basidiomycota in the genera Acantholichen, Cyphellostereum and Dictyonema s. str. (Agaricales, Hygrophoraceae) from northern South America</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="9C9C26101E50AC3EE6F1DE8408C54C37" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="C6D9585E00CC7F438CE735B33CEF99B6">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D823F3ED185CB8B3B86981E23DEB129E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="8D1DB88759046420DBB91C8FEB948133">Marcano, Vicente</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="4EBBD9A9FFAA4CF1B3A736BF92B0643F" type="ORCID">0000-0002-0068-6642</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="942046DF876B92E3FD79997E9F799EA6">Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva y de Organismos Extremos, Grupo de Ciencias Atmosféricas y el Espacio, Facultad de Ciencias & Biological Station “ Vicente Marcano ”, Kailasha Organization, Sierra Nevada National Park, Raiz de Agua Road, Mérida, Venezuela. vicente. marcano @ gmail. com, https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0068 - 6642</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="28F17FF7F5322C98181AD2ABEF671080">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="53816C95C1B8AAD9276FE568602E2F8F">
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<mods:title id="BF6CFF9D4A6BAF6352D088A0E19E5255">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="1EA1EC1124A5277BB38D4A083462E688">
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<mods:date id="1A7C8A2EF81633F97F896AF2D8CBB372">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="887631DABC981C5665F67FA41007CF5C" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="BCF792AFBD7E4C5F0876783CAC348543">2022-11-30</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="43A1EBB182C3C049E18BD6A27842595F" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="11690ECA8313B9DD6ED86542F9DDC7BF">574</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="CAFCC566120B84921FB8BF90A3CBB794" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="C82DBCC5564121CE3B2462842B6FA4E2">3</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:start id="C2BE361EF911D013552049DFD19126E3">199</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="AD0B4EAC6507A8AA90E31677DE81ECAB">225</mods:end>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:location id="AEA72300E4143872E1E7A631D1CF28A2">
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<mods:url id="63F896705FC48DCA414F662F5379805C">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.574.3.1</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="811D6B86D38FDBF5E8D242230FFA7541">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="B2F4183EC24861DA993BE414E45EEE5E" type="CLB-Dataset">198845</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="443383D038EA773840402AFB7C144BFB" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.574.3.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="97A3B7D76C844EC0DCD365A23963CFF4" type="GBIF-Dataset">350315c7-bca0-4eac-a4cb-379a6481a6b8</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E6BD2FF829689EA583475488ADC0BD28" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9A26FC6539E42CA56CF7D2C49B71CF85" type="Zenodo-Dep">7380966</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="6E2A87A9F43BFFC2C1FCFDADFDDCE5CF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7386634" ID-GBIF-Taxon="205351365" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7386634" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6E2A87A9F43BFFC2C1FCFDADFDDCE5CF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6E2A87A9F43BFFC2C1FCFDADFDDCE5CF" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="211" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">
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<subSubSection id="AE996534F43BFFC5C1FCFDADFD7EE6FE" box="[136,763,619,646]" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E63C36BFF43BFFC5C1FCFDADFD7EE6FE" blockId="11.[136,763,619,681]" box="[136,763,619,646]" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">
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3)
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<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43BFFC5C1D2FDAAFDB4E6FD" ID-CoL="B2X6D" authority="V. Marcano" authorityName="V. Marcano" authorityYear="2022" box="[166,561,619,646]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="andinum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43BFFC5C1D2FDAAFDB4E6FD" bold="true" box="[166,561,619,646]" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43BFFC5C1D2FDAAFE25E6FD" bold="true" box="[166,416,619,646]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">Dictyonema andinum</emphasis>
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V. Marcano
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="CFC457D6F43BFFC5C334FDADFD12E6FD" box="[576,663,620,646]" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" rank="species">
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||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43BFFC5C334FDADFD15E6FD" bold="true" box="[576,656,620,646]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">sp. nov</emphasis>
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||
.
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||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
; (
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<figureCitation id="7EB82A3AF43BFFC5C3DBFDAAFD77E6FE" box="[687,754,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[136,229,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[225,1363,488,1900]" captionTargetId="figure-155@12.[200,1387,461,1920]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Dictyonema andinum. A. Habit of the species growing on rock and bryophytes. B–C. Mature thalli with basidiocarp (B, scale = 5 cm; C, scale = 0.8 cm). D. Thallus showing irregular, small tufts, consisting fibrils, projecting more or less vertical from the substrate, scale = 0.5 cm. E. Close up showing stereoid hymenophore, scale = 1 cm. Photos by V. Marcano." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7380978" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7380978/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="AE996534F43BFFC5C1FCFD52FEEBE6D3" box="[136,366,659,681]" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="E63C36BFF43BFFC5C1FCFD52FEEBE6D3" blockId="11.[136,763,619,681]" box="[136,366,659,681]" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">Mycobank MB#838341</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AE996534F43BFFC5C1FCFD11FDACE72F" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="E63C36BFF43BFFC5C1FCFD11FDACE72F" blockId="11.[136,1452,720,2084]" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">
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Diagnosis:—
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43BFFC5C068FD11FDACE72F" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">
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Sicut
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<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43BFFC5C02BFD10FDDAE691" box="[351,607,721,746]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="irrigatum">Dictyonema irrigatum</taxonomicName>
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, sed fibrilis ascendentibus vel verticalibus differt.
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<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43BFFC5C5DBFD11FA05E691" box="[1199,1408,720,746]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Thallus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="muscicola">Thallus muscicola</taxonomicName>
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vel terricola, crassiusculus. Hyphis tegentibus fibrillas quadrato-rhombicis, undulatis, fibulatis. Haustoria praesentia. Filamenta 20–25 μm lata. Hymenocarpus corticoideus. Hymenium N reagens (rubescens), sporis guttaeformibus, hyalinis, non septatis, 5–6 μm longis.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AE996534F43BFFC5C1C9FC9CFAABE7E1" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="E63C36BFF43BFFC5C1C9FC9CFAABE7E1" blockId="11.[136,1452,720,2084]" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">
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<materialsCitation id="56EB3CE2F43BFFC5C1C9FC9CFAAEE7E1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3979525302" collectingDate="2020-10-12" collectionCode="MER" collectorName="V. Marcano & L. Castillo" country="Venezuela" elevation="2650" location="Raiz de Agua" municipality="Parque Sierra Nevada" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Merida" typeStatus="holotype">
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Type:—
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<collectingCountry id="9E94762FF43BFFC5C063FC9CFE46E70C" box="[279,451,861,887]" name="Venezuela" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">VENEZUELA</collectingCountry>
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.
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||
<collectingRegion id="2447F85DF43BFFC5C0BAFC9CFDA6E70C" box="[462,547,861,887]" country="Venezuela" name="Merida" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">Mérida</collectingRegion>
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:
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<collectingMunicipality id="0658ACC5F43BFFC5C35AFC9CFCA6E70C" box="[558,803,861,887]" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">Parque Sierra Nevada</collectingMunicipality>
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de Mérida,
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<location id="E35C6064F43BFFC5C2DFFC9CFBC0E70C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6E2A87A9F43BFFC2C1FCFDADFDDCE5CF:E35C6064F43BFFC5C2DFFC9CFBC0E70C" box="[939,1093,861,887]" country="Venezuela" municipality="Parque Sierra Nevada" name="Raiz de Agua" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" stateProvince="Merida">Raiz de Agua</location>
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, cloud forests, elev.
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<quantity id="217B9B5AF43BFFC5C45FFC9CFA06E70C" box="[1323,1411,861,888]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" unit="m" value="2650.0">
|
||
<elevation id="6DAED18CF43BFFC5C45FFC9CFA06E70C" box="[1323,1411,861,888]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" unit="m" value="2650.0">2650 m</elevation>
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||
</quantity>
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||
;
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||
<date id="923D107FF43BFFC5C4FBFC9CFEA1E7E1" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" value="2020-10-12">
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||
<collectingDate id="8279E997F43BFFC5C4FBFC9CFEA1E7E1" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" value="2020-10-12">12 October 2020</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
,
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||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43BFFC5C05BFC40FD4FE7E1" box="[303,714,896,922]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">
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||
<collectorName id="4B765369F43BFFC5C05BFC40FDCEE7E1" box="[303,587,896,922]" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">V. Marcano & L. Castillo</collectorName>
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no. 20-535
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</emphasis>
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||
(
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<typeStatus id="3938881DF43BFFC5C3ADFC41FCB8E7E1" box="[729,829,896,922]" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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<collectionCode id="8092AE7AF43BFFC5C230FC40FC01E7E0" box="[836,900,897,923]" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">MER</collectionCode>
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, isotype B, private herb.
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<collectorName id="4B765369F43BFFC5C5EFFC40FAA6E7E1" box="[1179,1315,896,923]" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">V. Marcano</collectorName>
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||
)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AE996534F43BFFC5C1C9FC62FAADE7C6" box="[189,1320,931,958]" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="E63C36BFF43BFFC5C1C9FC62FAADE7C6" blockId="11.[136,1452,720,2084]" box="[189,1320,931,958]" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">
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Etymology:—The epithet refers to the geographical region where the
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<typeStatus id="3938881DF43BFFC5C2BFFC65FC7EE7C5" box="[971,1019,932,958]" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">type</typeStatus>
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specimens were collected.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AE996534F43BFFC5C1C9FC07FD0AE205" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" type="description">
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<paragraph id="E63C36BFF43BFFC5C1C9FC07FE96E1D1" blockId="11.[136,1452,720,2084]" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">
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Description:—
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43BFFC5C010FC07FE3DE79B" box="[356,440,966,992]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">Thallus</emphasis>
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filamentous, dark blue-green, covering larger areas of the substrate, in irregular, confluent patches up to
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<quantity id="217B9B5AF43BFFC5C047FC28FEF8E07F" box="[307,381,1001,1028]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" unit="cm" value="45.0">45 cm</quantity>
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across, forming a crust usually over bryophytes or soil, composed of loosely interwoven, dark green to bluish green fibrils leaving interspaces and bordered by a discrete, white margin (prothallus).
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43BFFC5C42BFBCCFA2EE05C" box="[1375,1451,1037,1063]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">Fibrils</emphasis>
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irregularly arranged, ascending or erect, forming an irregular, lumpy surface.
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43BFFC5C28CFBF1FBC9E031" box="[1016,1100,1072,1098]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">Thallus</emphasis>
|
||
furnished with irregular, small tufts, projecting vertically from the substrate, consisting of pale brown or green fibrils. Thallus (when fresh) in section
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<quantity id="217B9B5AF43BFFC5C1FCFBB6FF7EE0EA" box="[136,251,1143,1169]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" unit="mm" value="2.2" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="2.0">2–2.4 mm</quantity>
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thick, composed of a thick photobiont (
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<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43BFFC5C3B5FBB7FCB8E0EB" box="[705,829,1142,1168]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Corymorphidae" genus="Rhizonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43BFFC5C3B5FBB7FCB8E0EB" box="[705,829,1142,1168]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">Rhizonema</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
) layer (
|
||
<quantity id="217B9B5AF43BFFC5C2E2FBB7FBB9E0EA" box="[918,1084,1142,1169]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.75" metricValueMin="1.25" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="1.75" valueMin="1.25">1.25–1.75 mm</quantity>
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) and a thin, pale brown medulla (375–500 μm) (hypothallus); photobiont layer composed of numerous cyanobacterial filaments wrapped in a closed hyphal sheath formed by jigsaw-puzzle-shaped cells; cyanobacterial filaments not branched, composed of 20–25 μm wide and 7–8(–10) μm high, bluish green cells penetrated by tubular fungal hyphae (haustoria);
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43BFFC5C5B5FB21FABAE081" box="[1217,1343,1248,1274]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">heterocytes</emphasis>
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frequent, pale to slightly bright yellow, 10–12(–14) μm wide and 3–4(–5) μm high; cells of hyphal sheath variably wavy in lateral outline, 4–6 μm thick;
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43BFFC5C0A9FAE7FB96E13B" box="[477,1043,1318,1345]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">hyphae of medulla, hypothallus and white margin</emphasis>
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||
(prothallus) straight, hyaline, much branched, 5–7 μm thick.
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43BFFC5C0D4FA8BFDFDE118" box="[416,632,1354,1380]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">Clamp connections</emphasis>
|
||
present but sparse on the hyphae; hyphal sheath finely papillose towards the tips of the filaments;
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43BFFC5C0D1FAACFD51E1FC" box="[421,724,1389,1415]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">hypothallus and prothallus</emphasis>
|
||
formed by interwoven, strongly agglutinate, generative hyphae; often fertile.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E63C36BFF43BFFC5C1C9FA72FD0AE205" blockId="11.[136,1452,720,2084]" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43BFFC5C1C9FA72FEDEE1B6" box="[189,347,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">Hymenophore</emphasis>
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||
(when fresh) developed as bulging, stereoid-corticioid patches from the underside of the thallus margins and soon becoming inverted and exposed, white patches,
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<quantity id="217B9B5AF43BFFC5C210FA17FC48E18A" box="[868,973,1494,1521]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" unit="mm" value="10.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="6.0">6–14 mm</quantity>
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||
wide; smooth, with pruinose upper surface and spongy lower surface; hymenophore in section 150–350 μm thick, composed of a paraplectenchymatous layer connected to loose medullary hyphae;
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43BFFC5C35AF9DCFD24E24C" box="[558,673,1565,1591]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">hymenium</emphasis>
|
||
composed of numerous, palisade-like basidioles and scattered basidia;
|
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43BFFC5C1FCF981FF7FE221" box="[136,250,1600,1626]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">basidioles</emphasis>
|
||
25–35 × 5–6 μm;
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43BFFC5C0BDF981FD9EE221" box="[457,539,1600,1626]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">basidia</emphasis>
|
||
30–40 × 5–7 μm, 4–sterigmate;
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43BFFC5C2FCF981FBA6E221" box="[904,1059,1600,1626]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">basidiospores</emphasis>
|
||
ellipsoid to narrowly drop-shaped, non-septate, hyaline, 5–6(–7) × 3.8–4(–5) μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="AE996534F43BFFC5C1C9F947FB13E2BF" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="E63C36BFF43BFFC5C1C9F947FB13E2BF" blockId="11.[136,1452,720,2084]" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">Chemistry:—Thallus K–, C–, KC–, P–; medulla K–, C–, KC–, P–, N+ (dark red), ER+ (purple); basidiocarp K–, C–, KC–, P–, N+ (red), ER+ (bluish purple) (n = 8). No lichen compounds detected by TLC.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="AE996534F43BFFC5C1C9F90CFCC5E32A" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="E63C36BFF43BFFC5C1C9F90CFCC5E32A" blockId="11.[136,1452,720,2084]" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">
|
||
Distribution and Ecology:—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43BFFC5C376F90FFD0CE29C" box="[514,649,1741,1767]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="andinum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43BFFC5C376F90FFD93E29C" box="[514,534,1742,1767]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">D</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43BFFC5C353F90CFD0CE29C" box="[551,649,1741,1767]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">andinum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the most abundant of all the species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43BFFC5C50DF90FFA85E29C" box="[1145,1280,1742,1767]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43BFFC5C50DF90FFA85E29C" box="[1145,1280,1742,1767]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">Dictyonema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CFC457D6F43BFFC5C47EF90FFAC4E29C" box="[1290,1345,1741,1767]" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43BFFC5C47EF90FFABFE29C" box="[1290,1338,1742,1767]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">s.str</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
found in the Venezuelan Andes. Six populations were observed in an area ca.
|
||
<quantity id="217B9B5AF43BFFC5C2FEF931FC46E371" box="[906,963,1776,1802]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
|
||
<superScript id="11F69BF7F43BFFC5C2B7F931FC4EE285" attach="left" box="[963,971,1776,1790]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">2</superScript>
|
||
. It was found growing on mosses and acid soils, associated with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43BFFC5C009F8D2FDBEE356" authorityName="Kalb & Gierl" baseAuthorityName="Tuckerman" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[381,571,1811,1837]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Icmadophilaceae" genus="Dibaeis" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pertusariales" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="absoluta">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43BFFC5C009F8D2FDBEE356" box="[381,571,1811,1837]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">Dibaeis absoluta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43BFFC5C307F8D2FAC3E356" authority="(Swartz 1788: 147) Sprengel (1827: 271)" authorityName="Sprengel" authorityPageNumber="271" authorityYear="1827" baseAuthorityName="Swartz" baseAuthorityPageNumber="147" baseAuthorityYear="1788" box="[627,1350,1811,1837]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Cladoniaceae" genus="Cladonia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="ceratophylla">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43BFFC5C307F8D2FCF5E356" box="[627,880,1811,1837]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">Cladonia ceratophylla</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82124B4EF43BFFC5C20BF8D2FBCDE356" author="Swartz, O. P." box="[895,1096,1811,1837]" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" refId="ref20084" refString="Swartz, O. P. (1788) Nova Genera et Species Plantarum seu Prodromus descriptionum Vegetabilium, maximam partern incognitorum quae sub itinere in Indiam Occidentalem annis 1783 - 87. Holmiae in bibliopolis academie Swideri, Stockholm, Uppsala, pp. 1 - 152. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 433" type="book" year="1788">Swartz 1788: 147</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82124B4EF43BFFC5C523F8D2FAC3E356" author="Sprengel, C. P. J." box="[1111,1350,1811,1837]" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" pagination="1 - 592" refId="ref19923" refString="Sprengel, C. P. J. (1827) Systema Vegetabilium. Editio decima sexta / curante Curtio Sprengel, equite stellae Polaris et aquilae rubrae, volume 4, Pars I, Carl von Linne, Bibliotheque de Palais des Arts, pp. 1 - 592." type="book chapter" year="1827">Sprengel (1827: 271)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in partly exposed and very humid rainforest at
|
||
<quantity id="217B9B5AF43BFFC5C35BF8F7FD4FE32A" box="[559,714,1846,1873]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.225" metricValueMax="2.45" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" unit="m" value="2225.0" valueMax="2450.0" valueMin="2000.0">2000–2450 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="7EB82A3AF43BFFC5C3ADF8F7FCB1E32A" box="[729,820,1846,1873]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[136,229,1611,1633]" captionTargetBox="[241,1353,298,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-63@10.[222,1366,281,1586]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cyphellostereum mucuyense. A. Habit of the species growing on soil and bryophytes, scale = 2 cm. B. Mature thallus with resupinate-corticioid basidiocarp, scale = 1 cm. Photos by V. Marcano." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7380976" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7380976/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="AE996534F43BFFC2C1C9F89BFDDCE5CF" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="211" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="E63C36BFF43BFFC5C1C9F89BFEEAEC5F" blockId="11.[136,1452,720,2084]" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">
|
||
Remarks:—Morphologically,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43BFFC5C361F89BFD27E30F" box="[533,674,1882,1908]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="andinum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43BFFC5C361F89BFD27E30F" box="[533,674,1882,1908]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">D. andinum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a typical representative of
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43BFFC5C56AF89BFB6CE308" box="[1054,1257,1882,1907]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43BFFC5C56AF89BFB20E308" box="[1054,1189,1882,1907]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">Dictyonema</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CFC457D6F43BFFC5C5C1F89BFB6CE308" box="[1205,1257,1882,1907]" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" sensu="stricto">s.str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
This species is characterized by irregularly arranged, broad, ascending, or erect fibrils, thick photobiont layer and hypothallus, finely papillose hyphae towards the tips of the filaments, clamp connections, and a white, stereoid-corticioid hymenophore. Commonly the thallus is slightly thicker when the specimen is fresh (humid). Positive (red) N spot test in the hymenophore and medulla are notable and suggest the presence of certain compounds which are absent in other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43BFFC5C1FCF7CAFEEAEC5F" box="[136,367,2058,2084]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43BFFC5C1FCF7CAFE8AEC5F" box="[136,271,2059,2084]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">Dictyonema</emphasis>
|
||
species.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E63C36BFF43CFFC2C1C9FF5EFAAEE55F" blockId="12.[136,1452,158,437]" pageId="12" pageNumber="211">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43CFFC2C1C9FF5EFE22E4C3" box="[189,423,158,184]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="12" pageNumber="211" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="andinum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43CFFC2C1C9FF5EFE22E4C3" box="[189,423,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="211">Dictyonema andinum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could be confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43CFFC2C3DDFF5EFA2DE4C3" authority="(Berkeley & M. A. Curtis 1860: 123) Lucking (2013 b: 30)" authorityName="Lucking" authorityPageNumber="30" authorityYear="2013" baseAuthorityName="Berkeley & M. A. Curtis" baseAuthorityPageNumber="123" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[681,1448,158,185]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="12" pageNumber="211" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="irrigatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43CFFC2C3DDFF5EFCB7E4C3" box="[681,818,159,184]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="211">D. irrigatum</emphasis>
|
||
(Berkeley & M.A. Curtis 1860: 123)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82124B4EF43CFFC2C5B2FF5FFA2DE4C3" author="Lucking, R. & Dal Forno, M. & Wilk, K. & Lawrey, J. D." box="[1222,1448,158,184]" pageId="12" pageNumber="211" pagination="4 - 16" refId="ref17535" refString="Lucking, R., Dal Forno, M., Wilk, K. & Lawrey, J. D. (2013 b) Three new species of Dictyonema (lichenized Basidiomycota: Hygrophoraceae) from Bolivia. Acta Nova 6: 4 - 16." type="journal article" year="2013">Lücking (2013b: 30)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43CFFC2C18DFF02FE01E4A7" box="[249,388,195,220]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="12" pageNumber="211" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="irrigatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43CFFC2C18DFF02FE01E4A7" box="[249,388,195,220]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="211">D. irrigatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has irregularly appressed, horizontal to erect fibrils, and a hymenophore developed as resupinate patches. Its spores are also slightly longer (7–9 μm) than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43CFFC2C23BFF26FC55E57B" box="[847,976,230,256]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="12" pageNumber="211" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="andinum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43CFFC2C23BFF26FC55E57B" box="[847,976,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="211">D. andinum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43CFFC2C2A8FF26FB55E57B" box="[988,1232,231,256]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="12" pageNumber="211" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="irrigatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43CFFC2C2A8FF26FB55E57B" box="[988,1232,231,256]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="211">Dictyonema irrigatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known only from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9E94762FF43CFFC2C1FCFECBFF4CE55F" box="[136,201,266,292]" name="China" pageId="12" pageNumber="211">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82124B4EF43CFFC2C30BFECBFCE3E55F" author="Lucking, R. & Dal Forno, M. & Lawrey, J. D. & Bungartz, F. & Rojas, M. E. H. & Hernandez M. & J. E & Marcelli, M. P. & Moncada, B. & Morales, E. A. & Nelsen, M. P. & Paz, E. & Salcedo, L. & Spielmann, A. A. & Will-Wolf, S. & Yanez-Ayabaca, A." box="[639,870,266,292]" pageId="12" pageNumber="211" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref17382" refString="Lucking, R., Dal Forno, M., Lawrey, J. D., Bungartz, F., Rojas, M. E. H., Hernandez M., J. E., Marcelli, M. P., Moncada, B., Morales, E. A., Nelsen, M. P., Paz, E., Salcedo, L., Spielmann, A. A., WilK, K., Will-Wolf, S. & Yanez-Ayabaca, A. (2013 a) Ten new species of lichenized Basidiomycota in the genera Dictyonema and Cora (Agaricales: Hygrophoraceae), with a key to all accepted genera and species in the Dictyonema clade. Phytotaxa 139: 1 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 139.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Lücking
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43CFFC2C397FECAFC9FE55F" box="[739,794,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="211">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82124B4EF43CFFC2C22EFECBFCE3E55F" author="Jagadesh-Ram, T. A. M. & Singh, K. P." box="[858,870,266,292]" pageId="12" pageNumber="211" pagination="361 - 364" refId="ref16305" refString="Jagadesh-Ram, T. A. M. & Singh, K. P. (2014) Dictyonema irrigatum (Berkeley & M. A. Curtis) Lucking, an interesting basidiolichen from Great Nicobar Island, India. Indian Journal of Forestry 37 (3): 361 - 364. https: // doi. org / 10.54207 / bsmps 1000 - 2014 - XEB 66 K" type="journal article" year="2014">a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Jagadesh-Ram & Singh 2014) (Table 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E63C36BFF43CFFC2C1C9FEEFFDDCE5CF" blockId="12.[136,1452,158,437]" pageId="12" pageNumber="211">
|
||
Additional specimens examined (
|
||
<typeStatus id="3938881DF43CFFC2C34FFEEFFD2EE533" box="[571,683,302,328]" pageId="12" pageNumber="211" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
):—
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2447F85DF43CFFC2C3A1FEEFFCAEE533" box="[725,811,302,328]" country="Venezuela" name="Merida" pageId="12" pageNumber="211">Mérida</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Parque Sierra
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2447F85DF43CFFC2C2A8FEEFFBB7E533" box="[988,1074,302,328]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="12" pageNumber="211">Nevada</collectingRegion>
|
||
de
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2447F85DF43CFFC2C52BFEEFFB36E533" box="[1119,1203,302,328]" country="Venezuela" name="Merida" pageId="12" pageNumber="211">Mérida</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Raiz de Agua, cloud forests, elev.
|
||
<quantity id="217B9B5AF43CFFC2C06EFE93FEF4E516" box="[282,369,338,365]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" pageId="12" pageNumber="211" unit="m" value="2650.0">2650 m</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="923D107FF43CFFC2C008FE93FDBCE517" box="[380,569,338,364]" pageId="12" pageNumber="211" value="2020-10-12">12 October 2020</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43CFFC2C337FE92FC5CE517" box="[579,985,338,365]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="211">V. Marcano & L. Castillo no. 20-540</emphasis>
|
||
(MER, private herb. V. Marcano); Parque Sierra
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2447F85DF43CFFC2C1A6FEB7FEADE5EB" box="[210,296,374,400]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="12" pageNumber="211">Nevada</collectingRegion>
|
||
de
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2447F85DF43CFFC2C03BFEB7FE26E5EB" box="[335,419,374,400]" country="Venezuela" name="Merida" pageId="12" pageNumber="211">Mérida</collectingRegion>
|
||
, road towards Lake Coromoto, cloud forest, elev.
|
||
<quantity id="217B9B5AF43CFFC2C2BBFEB7FBA0E5EA" box="[975,1061,374,401]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="211" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
|
||
, V.
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43CFFC2C526FEB6FF5DE5CF" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="211">Marcano & L. Castillo 21-119, 21-120</emphasis>
|
||
(MER, private herb. V. Marcano).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |