207 lines
26 KiB
XML
207 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="7E93E61AAECB33FCF5F0DEEEFC6C62BB" ID-CLB-Dataset="35127" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.450.7452" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a3fc6ee3-7633-4bf5-9be4-f979ef9810c1" ID-PMC="PMC4233402" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-450-1" ID-PubMed="25408617" ID-ZooBank="6EAFB9611C8C4A88BB84CBCE13CDE663" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-450-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 450" ModsDocTitle="A taxonomic monograph of Nearctic Scolytus Geoffroy (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae)" checkinTime="1451245189022" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Smith, Sarah M. & Cognato, Anthony I." docDate="2014" docId="6956E96E9679BA16C045C0F1CF116804" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 450: 1-182" docOrigin="ZooKeys 450" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.450.7452" docTitle="Scolytus dentatus Bright 1964" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="32" masterDocId="FFF8FFEDC228FF81FFA4FFBD8B484705" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic monograph of Nearctic Scolytus Geoffroy (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae)" masterLastPageNumber="182" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="31" updateTime="1701374697345" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="8B01E9E028C590E8BE7CED8CB9CF03C8">A taxonomic monograph of Nearctic Scolytus Geoffroy (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="90F301ACC1F5149A255452FBF45F3052">Smith, Sarah M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D628FA90880EFFFE64204E987BE789E8">Cognato, Anthony I.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="6956E96E9679BA16C045C0F1CF116804" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152056120" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6956E96E9679BA16C045C0F1CF116804" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6956E96E9679BA16C045C0F1CF116804" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<subSubSection id="7D3509CC4C797F094CEBF2B0A58D1A1B" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="C933657C6812273E072409D36DABBF83" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Curculionidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FD93888D70B2AE6131F03062A9E6B479" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D9260D65B30BD6DE013E5E2C85F43980" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<taxonomicName id="92DB906C3023B992B4A8BA9233CAD464" ID-CoL="4VTJ5" authority="Bright, 1964" authorityName="Bright" authorityYear="1964" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus dentatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentatus">Scolytus dentatus Bright, 1964</taxonomicName>
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Figs 28-29
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7EFA8867830EF9129A72C4F4703E5130" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8A6AD45DA6CD001C82620507FFCE1583" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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<taxonomicName id="2906E32B37B0A383FF953CC5512FF005" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus dentatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentatus">
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<pageBreakToken id="06EC93930B0762C468F14E4EA79980FC" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" start="start">Scolytus</pageBreakToken>
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dentatus
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</taxonomicName>
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Bright, 1964: 167.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="43D0500F5E0C4120ACCD212FFB7F4AF3" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="40CCBE51DBEF667CBB326E46247D1635" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E1C6DC3402BA486F727C880CB729A19C" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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The
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<taxonomicName id="2FD5921FA0D1E9105B9F7FC78C4BF9A8" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus dentatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentatus">Scolytus dentatus</taxonomicName>
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male is easily distinguished by the endemic distribution in the Santa Lucia range of California, and by the presence of a median denticle on the apical margin of ventrite 4, occasionally median denticles may also be present on the apical margins of ventrites 2 and 3. The female is distinguished by its distribution and differentiated from the
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<taxonomicName id="C8A984B99A923DE8DE0C0C06EA404A41" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus praeceps" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praeceps">Scolytus praeceps</taxonomicName>
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female by the presence of a strongly developed and distinct epistomal process and larger size.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B1BD525110942BE70C0A927318B7AA8E" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="description (male)">
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<paragraph id="C4FA654AC877A710AC862FB8CDD45E90" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Description (male).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7932769B0ADC3D7248062B69E0C0B35C" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">3.0-4.0 mm long (mean = 3.45 mm; n = 15); 1.7-2.5 times as long as wide. Head, pronotum and abdominal venter dark red-brown, antennae light brown, legs dark red-brown to light brown, elytra light red-brown. Pronotum darker than elytra.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D496CC99B8B91771F359F6176F9864CC" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Head. Epistoma moderately, acutely emarginated; epistomal process strongly produced, elevated; median area above mandibles bearing dense patch of long, yellow, hair-like setae. Frons appearing flattened when viewed laterally, not impressed; moderately, finely, longitudinally aciculate, coarsely punctate; aciculations converging at epistoma; punctures small, coarse; moderately, uniformly covered by long, fine, yellow erect hair-like setae, these longer than width of midpoint of eye. Antennal scape short, elongate; club flattened, ovoid, setose with partial septum, two arcuate sutures visible.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="17DB6F733C32DC6F979F1E91C4114727" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Pronotum wider than long; apical margin broadly rounded, median area between eyes lined with scales; sides distinctly arcuate, strongly constricted near apex, forming a weak transverse impression near apical margin; surface smooth, shining, punctulate, punctures moderately abundant, larger and more abundant laterally and on apical constriction; apical and anterolateral margins bearing sparse, erect, yellow, hair-like setae; base weakly bisinuate.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E9A88708550CA71759FFA77DA5BFA5E4" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Elytra with sides sub-parallel on basal half, narrowing to subquadrate, smooth apex; apex entire at suture. Margin of apical edge bearing large, coarse punctures. Disc glabrous, smooth, shining; interstriae not impressed, more than twice width of striae, punctures uniseriate, smaller than those of striae; striae weakly impressed. Declivity bearing sparse, short, erect yellow setae. Metepimeron half-length of metanepisternum.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="87C417921202F1C88B83425003C908F4" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Venter. Apical margin of ventrite 1 strongly produced, elevated above base of ventrite 2, ventrite base 2 appearing impressed. Ventrite 2 nearly perpendicular to ventrite 1; surface glabrous, shagreened, dull, finely, obscurely punctate; punctures small, fine and shallow; surface flattened. Apical margins of ventrites 2 and 3 may be armed with median denticle, median denticle always present on apical margin of ventrite 4; lateral margins of ventrites 2-4 unarmed. Ventrite 5 carinate ridge closer to apical margin of segment; length of ventrite 5 equal to combined lengths of ventrites 3 and 4; setal patch and median depression absent.</paragraph>
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<caption id="D2EE7A1C1C1EA80C96306C91BB162DA9" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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<paragraph id="4A722DDCB8F7CA279C54AC767DEA402E" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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Figure 28.
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<taxonomicName id="4C69DF5028F04FB8BEFD69D121FDA28F" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus dentatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentatus">Scolytus dentatus</taxonomicName>
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A dorsal male habitus B lateral male habitus C male frons D male frons oblique E male venter F male venter oblique G dorsal female habitus H lateral female habitus I female frons J female frons oblique K female venter L female venter oblique.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="495F1775DEAF7138D05291DB52CB89EC" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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<paragraph id="3EF94AF5D9FD107D31B4D29253EEA915" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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Figure 29.
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<taxonomicName id="8C2E7A0B58BB4947B3ED3DAF9CED7DCF" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus dentatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentatus">Scolytus dentatus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="C85BC985788865FDE7470640E3933772" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus fiskei" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiskei">Scolytus fiskei</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="41C2ECA3FF444B79CB318656ADA77432" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus laricis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laricis">Scolytus laricis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="64DB2723FB572E9C0310B5F09B123AEA" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus monticolae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticolae">Scolytus monticolae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="282F0B7C0736C0187F24BB126A2B1CEB" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus obelus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obelus">Scolytus obelus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="C50A97588BE5E4C8B6CDB57F86B2937A" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus oregoni" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oregoni">Scolytus oregoni</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="B1D3FDB74A5DC30242ECBA98661CDCBE" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus piceae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piceae">Scolytus piceae</taxonomicName>
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venters (from
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<bibRefCitation id="44ED5DD102BB53DD1F55207C68336723" author="Edson, LJ" journalOrPublisher="Unpublished thesis, Humboldt State College, California" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" title="An annotated and illustrated key to the species of the genus Scolytus (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) attacking coniferous trees of the Nearctic region." year="1967">Edson 1967</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3576D8F9DA8D325B1E725E4E0E1A4C89" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="female">
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<paragraph id="022B7698BA6C242AF4C71F7B0DF9F5AF" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Female.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A72CE5A85049E7651A517758330C1A2F" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">3.4-4.6 mm long (mean = 3.7 mm; n = 15); 2.2-2.5 times as long as wide. Similar to male except epistoma less strongly emarginated, epistomal process less strongly produced and elevated, frons convex when viewed laterally, weakly longitudinally aciculate, setae sparser, shorter, less than width of eye; weakly medially impressed between inner apices of eyes. Ventrites unarmed.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="32617ED435C733CEDE0F9B658AFC04BF" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="specimens examined">
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<paragraph id="05840045210570D89BD3DA6BCBFAAF27" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FCE81F4B11574ACE393DCFE9C1510BCD" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">95.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0FF00CD25CF114041EEC90D9437309D3" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="403F49B2C4891F2522E7CEC4806D20CF" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EC9367CEF1ED7F8D19362E3199DC710D" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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Holotype
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<taxonomicName id="DC5E950A068EDCBFFFB14D60DD4EC571" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus dentatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentatus">Scolytus dentatus</taxonomicName>
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Bright: male, labeled "Calif: Monterey Co, Cone Peak, 6-29-[19]63,
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<taxonomicName id="883233AEE4971CC9F75CA4B4B738AE53" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies bracteata" order="Pinales" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bracteata">Abies bracteata</taxonomicName>
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, C.J. Wray Collector" (CASC). Allotype, female,
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<taxonomicName id="9EE631A0FD70E0F824739E66F3155365" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus dentatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentatus">Scolytus dentatus</taxonomicName>
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, identical data as holotype. Paratypes: UNITED STATES:California:Monterey Co.: Cone Peak, 29.VI.[19]63, C.J. Wray, ex.
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<taxonomicName id="1F1BE2C909AFF0299A48E2F3CBB9945B" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies bracteata" order="Pinales" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bracteata">Abies bracteata</taxonomicName>
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(CASC-6, CNCI-20, EMEC-39, USNM-8). Carmel Valley, 15 mi S., 22.VII.[19]63, C.J. Wray, ex.
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<taxonomicName id="5967FF1D2DB4F9287352C6036CF196BA" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies bracteata" order="Pinales" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bracteata">Abies bracteata</taxonomicName>
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, (CASC-4).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FCB57554A61CA194AFA0CCE3C4E1465A" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="non-type material">
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<paragraph id="8DB568775B7F6799CDFC140995C2B03A" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Non-type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6F0595F7F372F83FBCF3D485808EAA77" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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UNITED STATES:California:Monterey Co.: Carmel Valley, 15 mi S., 23.VII.[19]63, D.E. Bright, ex.
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<taxonomicName id="B738F6573E01A4B22656D03205B27052" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies bracteata" order="Pinales" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bracteata">Abies bracteata</taxonomicName>
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(CASC-2); 30.VII.1964 (CASC-2). Cone Peak, 29.VI.[19]63, C.J. Wray, ex.
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<taxonomicName id="12F5B862A6137135114517BDCE99C768" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies bracteata" order="Pinales" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bracteata">Abies bracteata</taxonomicName>
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(CASC-1, USNM-12). Williams Canyon, Los Padres National Forest, 24.IV.1992, D.E. Bright, G. Ferrell, ex.
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<taxonomicName id="74DA30DB0380F4FBF9940F93333060E2" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies bracteata" order="Pinales" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bracteata">Abies bracteata</taxonomicName>
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limbs (CNCI-1).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6576C3D84DB685C00C7F754E182178D9" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="E93D558B6E605A81ED04EC16600BE05C" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7C1761AFA60CA4D2DEC4271DAC26AB08" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">UNITED STATES: California (Fig. 30).</paragraph>
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<caption id="8A35A85F51F515BC1F281C909C2B8CFB" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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<paragraph id="BC2D741E025893F3A825402FA08A3D4A" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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Figure 30.
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<taxonomicName id="69122F46577E41CD1289648FD14D7A57" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus dentatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentatus">Scolytus dentatus</taxonomicName>
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and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34A92C623B63E5C59F10B5CF29D1F726" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus oregoni" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oregoni">Scolytus oregoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
distribution map.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="91D1BB0B26FC17E4FF933525981CCE32" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="hosts">
|
||
<paragraph id="D7695A3230EDDEED31DC6DDD6F9B7595" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Hosts.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A37EE860085423ADC0586B9251C3EFBC" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4157CCAEBC5DB7144C2277CD8CF2858" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies bracteata" order="Pinales" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bracteata">Abies bracteata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(D. Don) Poit. (bristlecone fir / Santa Lucia fir).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E9DBC32DB490ED3F829F8E25EE4F1F24" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="biology">
|
||
<paragraph id="E207A15285004FEA4B139F8B091B029E" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B6D8B6EBFF7E2DD0C236393D37472871" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
Little is known regarding the biology of this uncommon and narrowly geographically restricted species. The host,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="14491A01F575820BAA6AD4D325A25CCB" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies bracteata" order="Pinales" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bracteata">Abies bracteata</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is restricted to the Santa Lucia Mountains of California. The tree is distributed in small patches in deep, moist canyon bottoms as well as dry, rocky slopes and ledges within Los Padres National Forest in Monterey County, especially near Cone Peak and Church Creek (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="93B92A3CC592B4D517A4BABF6B9EF69F" author="Griffin, JR" journalOrPublisher="Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, USDA Forest Service Research Paper PSW 82" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" title="The distribution of forest trees in California." year="1972">Griffin and Critchfield 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="91BC162A6FFABD21C2013DADC347599E" author="Sullivan, J" journalOrPublisher="U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" title="Abiesbracteata." url="http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/" volumeTitle="Fire Effects Information System" year="1993">Sullivan 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1E24F08A72CFFF4367276E855F6CDE89" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus dentatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentatus">Scolytus dentatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been collected feeding in the bole of large standing trees (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="929972B6388CC04C3BA5C35A82BC919C" author="Bright, DE" journalOrPublisher="The Pan-Pacific Entomologist" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" pagination="165 - 170" title="Descriptions of three new species and new distribution records of California bark beetles." volume="40" year="1964">Bright 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) but is also reported from larger limbs and fresh slash (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1C1A3209679FD42EF3F50621F671B83" author="Edson, LJ" journalOrPublisher="Unpublished thesis, Humboldt State College, California" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" title="An annotated and illustrated key to the species of the genus Scolytus (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) attacking coniferous trees of the Nearctic region." year="1967">Edson 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="858C23A500EA480BEA64B23957A09D53" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
The adult gallery somewhat resembles an expanded
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8EF49E953518670EEA9B329BE0CA2CCC" originalValue="‘E’">'E'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Fig. 24). The gallery is parallel to the grain of the wood and consists of a central nuptial chamber and two egg galleries, one below and one above the nuptial chamber. Each egg gallery ends in a pronounced hook. Galleries strongly score the cambium and lightly score the sapwood. The adult gallery averages 2.5-12.0 cm in length (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="09E915E9327C9695C1CCD01312521A49" author="Bright, DE" journalOrPublisher="The Pan-Pacific Entomologist" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" pagination="165 - 170" title="Descriptions of three new species and new distribution records of California bark beetles." volume="40" year="1964">Bright 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A9336FC2721CB4743010BB9FF544B528" author="Edson, LJ" journalOrPublisher="Unpublished thesis, Humboldt State College, California" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" title="An annotated and illustrated key to the species of the genus Scolytus (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) attacking coniferous trees of the Nearctic region." year="1967">Edson 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Egg niches are closely spaced on both sides of the maternal gallery (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DFF2A1DE5CBC3D08FFAE99760EAEFEC3" author="Bright, DE" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the California Insect Survey" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="1 - 169" title="The bark and ambrosia beetles of California (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae)." volume="16" year="1973">Bright and Stark 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Larval mines are first perpendicular to the egg gallery and later turn to form a fan shaped pattern before terminating at pupation chambers in the sapwood (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA517140D007A1B1B139C2E04A3D3F23" author="Edson, LJ" journalOrPublisher="Unpublished thesis, Humboldt State College, California" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" title="An annotated and illustrated key to the species of the genus Scolytus (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) attacking coniferous trees of the Nearctic region." year="1967">Edson 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="504E60871AFB691452BB1DEB76958632" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="25974613D98314803D59E8D1E037910A" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8221EBF82000585DAE1675BDC6EDD0CD" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
Considerable variation is observed in the presence of median denticles on the apical margins of male ventrites 2 and 3. Frequently males only have a median denticle on the apical margin of ventrite 4 as those on 2 and 3 may or may not be present in the male. This species is related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="986ED6C7DBC594B06EDF93DA329B2017" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus robustus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustus">Scolytus robustus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4FF3158F32964150D0827D37675319A" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus subscaber" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subscaber">Scolytus subscaber</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on morphological characters (Fig. 2). Both of these species also feed on true firs (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BF8006C565E19505D43BDA8D8979E6E" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies" order="Pinales" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Abies</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.) and have the apical margin of male ventrite 1 strongly apically produced.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |