142 lines
14 KiB
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142 lines
14 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.363.6482" ID-GBIF-Dataset="36e5551d-3881-45a2-810a-386e517c86fc" ID-PMC="PMC3867181" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-363-1" ID-PubMed="24363601" ID-ZBK="780695A9CB2E4FECA0560BA6F456185E" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-363-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 363" ModsDocTitle="A revision of the shore-fly genus Hydrochasma Hendel (Diptera, Ephydridae)" checkinTime="1451246560986" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Mathis, Wayne N. & Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz" docDate="2013" docId="5905C2573155184B48CBCEE60D25A70E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 363: 1-161" docOrigin="ZooKeys 363" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.363.6482" docTitle="Hydrochasma patens Cresson" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="21" masterDocId="FFF2FFCA0333765855689824FFCDB839" masterDocTitle="A revision of the shore-fly genus Hydrochasma Hendel (Diptera, Ephydridae)" masterLastPageNumber="161" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1668157177207" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A revision of the shore-fly genus Hydrochasma Hendel (Diptera, Ephydridae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mathis, Wayne N.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>363</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>161</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.363.6482</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.363.6482</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-363-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">780695A9CB2E4FECA0560BA6F456185E</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">780695A9CB2E4FECA0560BA6F456185E</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152050160" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5905C2573155184B48CBCEE60D25A70E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5905C2573155184B48CBCEE60D25A70E" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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5.
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Hydrochasma_patens" authority="Cresson" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Hydrochasma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydrochasma patens" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="patens">Hydrochasma patens Cresson</taxonomicName>
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Figs 26-30
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Hydrochasma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydrochasma patens" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="patens">Hydrochasma patens</taxonomicName>
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Cresson, 1938: 27 [Uruguay. Montevideo; HT ♂, BMNH];
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<bibRefCitation author="Cresson, ET Jr" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" pagination="129 - 163" title="A systematic annotated arrangement of the genera and species of the Neotropical Ephydridae (Diptera) I. The subfamily Psilopinae." volume="71" year="1946">1946</bibRefCitation>
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: 141 [review].
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<bibRefCitation author="Wirth, WW" editor="Papavero, N" journalOrPublisher="Departamento de Zoologia, Secretaria da Agricultura, Sao Paulo" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="1 - 43" title="77. Family Ephydridae." year="1968">Wirth 1968</bibRefCitation>
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: 8 [Neotropical catalog].
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<bibRefCitation author="Mathis, WN" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs on Entomology, International" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" title="A world catalog of the shore flies (Diptera: Ephydridae)." volume="4" year="1995">Mathis and Zatwarnicki 1995</bibRefCitation>
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: 183 [world catalog].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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This species is distinguished from congeners by the following combination of characters: Small to moderately small shore flies, body length 1.85-2.60 mm.
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<pageBreakToken pageId="19" pageNumber="20" start="start">Head</pageBreakToken>
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: Subglobose, very broad ventrally, oral opening comparatively large. Pedicel mostly black; medial surface of basal flagellomere extensively yellow, lateral surface with some blackish coloration. Parafacial silvery white, concolorous with face; gena-to-eye ratio 0.32-0.35. Thorax: Mesonotum generally gray but with faint bluish or slightly greenish metallic coloration, especially on posterior portion, including scutellum, not on notopleuron or lateral margins of scutellum; pleural area gray. Wing with costal vein ratio 0.50-0.62; M vein ratio 0.49-0.51. Femora and tibiae gray, tarsi yellow; forefemur lacking a distinctive, comb-like row of stout setulae along anteroventral surface but with a posteroventral row of 5-7 short, spine-like setae; hindtibia bearing a long, spur-like seta ventroapically. Abdomen: Tergites generally dull gray, becoming brownish gray medially; lacking wedge-shaped, gray to silvery gray areas; tergite 5 gray. Male terminalia (Figs 26-29): Combined structures generally moderately elongate, in posterior view height slightly less than 3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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width, generally sparsely setulose, especially dorsally; epandrium with dorsal arch above cerci relatively well developed, thin, completely connected, in posterior view (Fig. 26) as an inverted U on dorsal third to half, ventral portion with lateral margins shallowly concave medially, cruciate subapically, deeply bifurcate medially, medial bifurcation almost as wide as ventral process of epandrium at same level, extended epandrial process tapered, apex rounded; cerci moderately long, height nearly twice width, widely semi-hemispherical (Fig. 26), not attached lateroventrally with epandrium; aedeagus in lateral view (Fig. 29) elongate, about 5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than wide, tubular, shallowly curved, slightly tapered toward apex with apical portion moderately pointed and with a subapical, rounded projection, in ventral view (Fig. 28) mostly tapered from base to pointed apex; phallapodeme in lateral view (Fig. 29) narrowly triangular with extended keel skewed and pointed on portion toward attachment with hypandrium, in ventral view (Fig. 28) an elongate, robust T with crossbar very short; gonite in lateral view (Fig. 29) narrow, elongate, bar-like, very shallowly curved and spatulate, in ventral view (Fig. 28) shallowly curved; hypandrium in lateral view (Fig. 29) elongate, moderately shallow, tapered at both apices and with lateral, posteriorly directed process evident, in ventral view (Fig. 28) with posterior half spindle shaped, becoming wider with long extended lateral processes just before posterior margin, posterior margin deeply emarginated, emargination V-shaped, anterior portion as an arrowhead with posteriorly directed narrow, elongate, lateral extensions and with lateral and anterior margins shallowly arched, forming a V-shaped anterior margin.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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Figures 26-29.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Hydrochasma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydrochasma patens" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="patens">Hydrochasma patens</taxonomicName>
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Cresson (Chile. Talca: Rio Lircay, 11 km N Talca) 26 epandrium and cerci, posterior view 27 same, lateral view 28 internal structures of male terminalia (aedeagus [shaded], phallapodeme, gonite, hypandrium), ventral view 29 same, lateral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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The holotype male of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Hydrochasma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydrochasma patens" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="patens">Hydrochasma patens</taxonomicName>
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is labeled "Holo- type [round label with red margin]/9100/Uruguay: Montevideo, 21-22. i. 1927 [21-22 Jan 1927]. F. & M. Edwards. B. M. 1927-63/TYPE
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Hydrochasma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydrochasma" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hydrochasma PATENS</taxonomicName>
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E. T. Cresson, Jr. [carmine;
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Hydrochasma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydrochasma" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hydrochasma PATENS</taxonomicName>
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handwritten]". The holotype is double mounted (minuten in a plastic rectangle), is generally in good condition (lacking left foretarsus), and is deposited in the BMNH.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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Uruguay. Montevideo: Montevideo (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-34.888332">34°53.3'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-56.183334">56°11'W</geoCoordinate>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="other specimens examined">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Other specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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Neotropical. CHILE. Osorno: Lago Puyehue (SE shore;
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-40.75">40°45'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-72.42">72°25.2'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 10 Feb 1978, W. N. Mathis (3♂, 10♀; USNM). Talca:
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<pageBreakToken pageId="20" pageNumber="21" start="start">Rio</pageBreakToken>
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Lircay (11 km N Talca;
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-35.383335">35°23'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-71.65">71°39'W</geoCoordinate>
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; 85 m), 23 Jan1978, W. N. Mathis (22♂, 31♀; USNM).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Distribution</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">(Fig. 30). Neotropical: Uruguay, Chile (Osorno, Talca).</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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Figure 30. Distribution of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Hydrochasma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydrochasma patens" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="patens">Hydrochasma patens</taxonomicName>
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Cresson,
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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The identity of this species has been confused, resulting in misidentifications in collections that we have examined. Structures of the male terminalia of this species are distinctive, however, and distinguish it from congeners, especially the elongated and slender general conformation of these structures, which can only be mistaken with those of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Hydrochasma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydrochasma viridum" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridum">Hydrochasma viridum</taxonomicName>
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. Both of these species have elongated, very slender, ventrolateral epandrial processes that are very similar. The hypandrium, especially in ventral view, however, has more elongated, posterolaterally directed processes in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Hydrochasma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydrochasma patens" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="patens">Hydrochasma patens</taxonomicName>
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. Additionally, the dorsum of the head and the mesonotum are mostly gray with only faint bluish or greenish coloration.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |