155 lines
14 KiB
XML
155 lines
14 KiB
XML
<document ENCODING="UTF8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6289768" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b700a9c8-e364-4e20-b5bf-d6259034d061" ID-GBIF-Taxon="114913918" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6289768" checkinTime="1410606062743" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Miller, Ellen R., Gunnell, Gregg F., Gawad, Mohammad Abdel, Hamdan, Mohamad, El-Barkooky, Ahmed N., Clementz, Mark T. & Hassan, Safiya M." docDate="1914" docId="50196681956E79D4D64A3DF0F3BB14B1" docLanguage="en" docName="10.1666_13-122.htm.xml" docOrigin="Journal of Paleontology 88 (5)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1666/13-122" docTitle="Afromeryx grex Miller, Gunnell, Gawad, Hamdan, El-Barkooky, Clementz & Hassan, 1914, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="974" masterDocId="DA3D693EC5548F64A5AD77DEF5B80642" masterDocTitle="Anthracotheres from Wadi Moghra, early Miocene, Egypt" masterLastPageNumber="981" masterPageNumber="967" pageNumber="974" updateTime="1645829760108" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Anthracotheres from Wadi Moghra, early Miocene, Egypt</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Miller, Ellen R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gunnell, Gregg F.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gawad, Mohammad Abdel</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hamdan, Mohamad</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>El-Barkooky, Ahmed N.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Clementz, Mark T.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hassan, Safiya M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Journal of Paleontology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>1914</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>88</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>5</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>967</mods:start>
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<mods:end>981</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1666/13-122</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1666/13-122</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6289768" ID-GBIF-Taxon="114913918" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6289768" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:50196681956E79D4D64A3DF0F3BB14B1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/50196681956E79D4D64A3DF0F3BB14B1" lastPageNumber="974" pageNumber="974">
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<subSubSection type="nomenclature">
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<taxonomicName authority="Pickford, 1991" authorityName="Pickford" authorityYear="1991" class="Mammalia" family="Anthracotheriidae" genus="Afromeryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="974" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grex">Afromeryx grex</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="974" type="mainText">Type.-M 15021, sub-adult left dentary, edentulous symphysis, crowns of p2-m3, m3 in crypt (Table 1, Fig. 5A).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="974" type="mainText">
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Diagnosis.-Differs from
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<taxonomicName authority="Pickford, 1991" authorityName="Pickford" authorityYear="1991" class="Mammalia" family="Anthracotheriidae" genus="Afromeryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="974" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zelteni">A. zelteni</taxonomicName>
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in being larger (m2 area>60% larger), having a much longer molar series length (m1-3 ~ 108 mm in
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<taxonomicName authority="Pickford, 1991" authorityName="Pickford" authorityYear="1991" class="Mammalia" family="Anthracotheriidae" genus="Afromeryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="974" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grex">A. grex</taxonomicName>
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versus ~58 mm in
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<taxonomicName authority="Pickford, 1991" authorityName="Pickford" authorityYear="1991" class="Mammalia" family="Anthracotheriidae" genus="Afromeryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="974" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zelteni">A. zelteni</taxonomicName>
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), p4 with a well-developed talonid; differs from
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<taxonomicName authority="Pickford, 1991" authorityName="Pickford" authorityYear="1991" class="Mammalia" family="Anthracotheriidae" genus="Afromeryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="974" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palustris">A. palustris</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicNameLabel rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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below) in having smaller premolars (~25-30%), lower premolars with pustulate anterior and posterior crests, lowers premolars with distinct and elevated cingulids, p2 lacks development of an anterior crest.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="974" type="mainText">Etymology.-"Grex," Greek for flock or herd, in recognition of the herd behavior of many artiodactyls.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="974" type="mainText">Occurrence.-Early Miocene, Wadi Moghra, Egypt.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="974" type="mainText">Description.-Description of holotype specimen and occlusal details of teeth are available in Pickford (1991).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="974" type="mainText">
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Remarks.-
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<taxonomicName authority="Pickford, 1991" authorityName="Pickford" authorityYear="1991" class="Mammalia" family="Anthracotheriidae" genus="Afromeryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="974" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grex">Afromeryx grex</taxonomicName>
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resembles the better known
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<taxonomicName authority="Pickford, 1991" authorityName="Pickford" authorityYear="1991" class="Mammalia" family="Anthracotheriidae" genus="Afromeryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="974" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zelteni">A. zelteni</taxonomicName>
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from Gebel Zelten, in having an unfused symphysis, dental formula 3.1.4.3; no specializations of the anterior dentition, i1-3 are small spatulate teeth; no i3-c diastema, c-p1 diastema present, p1 single rooted, and mental foramina below i1, p2, p4. in all known comparable parts,
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<taxonomicName authority="Pickford, 1991" authorityName="Pickford" authorityYear="1991" class="Mammalia" family="Anthracotheriidae" genus="Afromeryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="974" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grex">A. grex</taxonomicName>
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seems to be a larger version of
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<taxonomicName authority="Pickford, 1991" authorityName="Pickford" authorityYear="1991" class="Mammalia" family="Anthracotheriidae" genus="Afromeryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="974" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zelteni">A. zelteni</taxonomicName>
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. As Pickford (1991) noted, the presence of pustulate crests on the premolars in species of
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<taxonomicName authority="Pickford, 1991" authorityName="Pickford" authorityYear="1991" class="Mammalia" family="Anthracotheriidae" genus="Afromeryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="974" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Afromeryx</taxonomicName>
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is reminiscent of the condition seen in
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<taxonomicName authority="Pilgrim, 1908" authorityName="Pilgrim" authorityYear="1908" class="Mammalia" family="Anthracotheriidae" genus="Gonotelma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="974" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shabazi">Gonotelma shabazi</taxonomicName>
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from the Bugti Beds, early Miocene, Pakistan, although what this resemblance means regarding the extent of a possible relationship between the two taxa has not been explored.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="974" type="mainText">
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The taxonomic history of
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<taxonomicName authority="Pickford, 1991" authorityName="Pickford" authorityYear="1991" class="Mammalia" family="Anthracotheriidae" genus="Afromeryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="974" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Afromeryx</taxonomicName>
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is complex. Pickford (1991) named
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<taxonomicName authority="Pickford, 1991" authorityName="Pickford" authorityYear="1991" class="Mammalia" family="Anthracotheriidae" genus="Afromeryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="974" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africanus">Afromeryx africanus</taxonomicName>
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on the basis of a right dentary with roots of p3, p4-m3 (CGM 30762), and attributed one additional sub-adult mandibular specimen (M 15021) to this species. The type specimen of
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<taxonomicName authority="Pickford, 1991" authorityName="Pickford" authorityYear="1991" class="Mammalia" family="Anthracotheriidae" genus="Afromeryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="974" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africanus">A. africanus</taxonomicName>
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had previously been recognized as representing Brachyodus
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<taxonomicName authority="Pickford, 1991" authorityName="Pickford" authorityYear="1991" class="Mammalia" family="Anthracotheriidae" genus="Afromeryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="974" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africanus">africanus</taxonomicName>
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(Andrews, 1899), but Pickford (1991) stated that,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘‘">''</normalizedToken>
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The material does not closely resemble Brachyodus, the molars and premolars being bunodont, the jaw being short with an unspecialized symphyseal
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<normalizedToken originalValue="region’’">region''</normalizedToken>
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(1991, p. 1503). In terms of size and degree of bunodonty, we find that CGM 30762 cannot be distinguished from members of Brachyodus depereti and so we have assigned the specimen to that taxon. In addition, it is unknown how the assessment was made that CGM 30762 represented a taxon with a short jaw and an unspecialized symphyseal region. The dentary is broken in front of p3 and so is missing the anterior portion of the jaw. This is critical because many of the features that distinguish anthracothere species are located in the anterior dentition. For example, species of
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<taxonomicName authority="Pickford, 1991" authorityName="Pickford" authorityYear="1991" class="Mammalia" family="Anthracotheriidae" genus="Afromeryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="974" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Afromeryx</taxonomicName>
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have an unspecialized symphyseal region (i1-3 small, spatulate teeth, no i3-c diastema, p2 single-rooted), whereas species of Brachyodus show a number of extreme specializations (suppression of i1-2, i3 tusk-like, peglike canine, long diastema). The fact that the holotype of
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<taxonomicName authority="Pickford, 1991" authorityName="Pickford" authorityYear="1991" class="Mammalia" family="Anthracotheriidae" genus="Afromeryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="974" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africanus">A. africanus</taxonomicName>
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designated by Pickford (1991) is a dentary with only roots of p3 and crowns p4-m3 means that most of the key diagnostic criteria of
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<taxonomicName authority="Pickford, 1991" authorityName="Pickford" authorityYear="1991" class="Mammalia" family="Anthracotheriidae" genus="Afromeryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="974" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Afromeryx</taxonomicName>
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are not visible on this specimen.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="974" type="mainText">
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Therefore, we feel that CGM 30762 cannot serve as the holotype of a species of
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<taxonomicName authority="Pickford, 1991" authorityName="Pickford" authorityYear="1991" class="Mammalia" family="Anthracotheriidae" genus="Afromeryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="974" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Afromeryx</taxonomicName>
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. To rectify this situation we have reassigned CGM 30762 to Brachyodus depereti where it fits comfortably based on size and known morphology and we have assigned M15021 as the holotype and currently only know specimen of a
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<taxonomicNameLabel rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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of
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<taxonomicName authority="Pickford, 1991" authorityName="Pickford" authorityYear="1991" class="Mammalia" family="Anthracotheriidae" genus="Afromeryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="974" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Afromeryx</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authority="Pickford, 1991" authorityName="Pickford" authorityYear="1991" class="Mammalia" family="Anthracotheriidae" genus="Afromeryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="974" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grex">A. grex</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |