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<mods:title id="05B4EA2C5703AB577409F145411F2E3C">New synonymy, new species, new keys to Neivamyrmex army ants of the United States.</mods:title>
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<treatment id="18BF149457C61A4C1DEE141554E7DFD5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6246875" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100134262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6246875" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:18BF149457C61A4C1DEE141554E7DFD5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/18BF149457C61A4C1DEE141554E7DFD5" lastPageNumber="490" pageNumber="489">
<subSubSection id="107334E0FF89A74BA19AD6B7E3E4988F" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="BCE6A7D0767648231E47FA2076E5F4BF" pageNumber="489">
<taxonomicName id="F58E715EA95527D7B2E542573B7CBF06" ID-CoL="6S7L7" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:32878" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Neivamyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Neivamyrmex swainsonii (Shuckard)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="swainsonii">Neivamyrmex swainsonii (Shuckard)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="75192209140B9EA92E84AF188246CDD7" type="description">
<paragraph id="ACD9596F625CF73B2680085B7205DDC3" pageNumber="489">Figures 15, 25, 30, 46, 73, 122, 136, 147, 149</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8791C4B980CBB20FC61318FC321783EE" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="1F14F6E26A90E999AAECF0F1E372E254" pageNumber="490">
<taxonomicName id="9E01389838EE3569178A5B391F21D900" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:140782" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Labidus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Labidus swainsonii Shuckard" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="swainsonii">Labidus swainsonii Shuckard</taxonomicName>
, 1840: 201 (m).
<materialsCitation id="FA26FEA12650A5EBC297C48514F93325" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923899963" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="F. Smith" country="BRAZIL">
<collectingRegionGroup id="7EB13EEF6BAAC0D03D76DB67489286FC" country="BRAZIL">
<materialsCitationGroup id="472C3847CCD7AB3E5DBC07D798E3264A" country="BRAZIL">
<collectingCountry id="246291719B22BF9323705E8A7186EF02">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
(
<collectionCode id="50FF0EE93824508A83B275563D0CA0B4" collectionName="United Kingdom, London, The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]">
<collectionCode id="5B55A69BC2A19C56D2E09A5B5EED6244" collectionName="United Kingdom, London, The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]">BMNH</collectionCode>
</collectionCode>
). Westwood, 1842: 76. F. Smith, 1859: 8 (m).
</materialsCitationGroup>
</collectingRegionGroup>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="06B73C166013791B74925BCB5AD1C4A3" pageNumber="490">
<taxonomicName id="42B7F316473AF175FF551D8A1D93A390" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:140812" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Labidus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Labidus mexicanus Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">Labidus mexicanus F. Smith</taxonomicName>
, 1859: 7 (m).
<collectingRegionGroup id="DEEF7359FDD5BDE3F5065270F7B08D1A" country="MEXICO">
<materialsCitationGroup id="7D2BBD8B27DF386AC01CAE48509044E3" country="MEXICO" stateProvince="Orizaba">
<materialsCitation id="DB1B03412D87AC154E6BB69047842A36" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923899978" collectionCode="BMNH" country="MEXICO" stateProvince="Orizaba">
<collectingCountry id="BC7B510987467A6346B50A8274665579">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="C55CF1CDA07B564AAFFE69489B2DBC35">Orizaba</collectingRegion>
(
<collectionCode id="EC4E3F2BF03B6356E17EAAE51C9B2FE3" collectionName="United Kingdom, London, The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]">
<collectionCode id="1E5E833D1C20986798E0130C2D70F0E2" collectionName="United Kingdom, London, The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]">BMNH</collectionCode>
</collectionCode>
) (examined). NEW SYNONYMY
</materialsCitation>
.
</materialsCitationGroup>
</collectingRegionGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="365B8A06FC5EF0F716BF48030A1530EC" pageNumber="490">
<taxonomicName id="5A4452221BB5A28E1D356786DC3DBC0A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:141321" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Eciton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Eciton nitens Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitens" subGenus="Acamatus">Eciton (Acamatus) nitens</taxonomicName>
: Pergande, 1895: 874. Misidentification
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BAEC9EDDCC9E20DCD329DF2536AAD2DD" pageNumber="490">
<taxonomicName id="537C13A019052F14BF6481722536AC82" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:236912" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Eciton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Eciton (Acamatus) swainsonii" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="swainsonii" subGenus="Acamatus">Eciton (Acamatus) swainsonii</taxonomicName>
: Emery, 1900: 515, 525. Emery, 1910: 27. Santschi, 1916: 370. Santschi, 1931: 74. Gallardo, 1920: 379. Borgmeier, 1923: 50.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F8C91EDD243D206C7A022D24796980D2" pageNumber="490">
<taxonomicName id="498D9F780647BB1BEF210A8565DB3A17" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:141322" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Eciton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Eciton (Acamatus) arizonense Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arizonense" subGenus="Acamatus">Eciton (Acamatus) arizonense Wheeler</taxonomicName>
, 1908 c: 414 (m). U. S. A., Arizona, Nogales. (MCZC). Emery 1910: 25. M. R. Smith, 1942: 581 (m)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="58D0F17C509223F7EE4846B4FD8C2DCA" pageNumber="490">
<taxonomicName id="0786DF3181311F9F9B7A69C27C37C969" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:140821" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Eciton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Eciton (Acamatus) lieselae Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lieselaei" subGenus="Acamatus">Eciton (Acamatus) lieselaei</taxonomicName>
: Gallardo, 1920: fig. 32. Misidentification
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="42653378E98336379709A49E7C8F6063" pageNumber="490">
<taxonomicName id="98E5EA89CD4786C3F111B3D581748812" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:186374" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Eciton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Eciton swainsonii (Shuckard)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="swainsoni" subGenus="Neivamyrmex">Eciton (Neivamyrmex) swainsoni</taxonomicName>
: Borgmeier, 1948 b: 462.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E2803DF6BF3557073DB13424771FAED3" pageNumber="490">
<taxonomicName id="E71D09107FFAAD0A5EED85E8113DDB25" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:141322" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Eciton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Eciton (Acamatus) arizonense Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arizonense" subGenus="Neivamyrmex">Eciton (Neivamyrmex) arizonense</taxonomicName>
: Creighton, 1950: 69 - 70 (m).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3FB54297E4B47F1FD9519C522B02BFE5" pageNumber="490">
<taxonomicName id="E42488C389DA478FC83D55808E2D92A0" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:32878" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Neivamyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Neivamyrmex swainsonii (Shuckard)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="swainsoni">Neivamyrmex swainsoni</taxonomicName>
: Borgmeier, 1953: 16. Borgmeier, 1955: 454 - 458 (m). Watkins, 1972: 352 (m). Watkins, 1976: 24 (m). Cokendolpher &amp; Francke, 1990: 13.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1B3BFC9A579E08CCC6EC385DC60350F0" pageNumber="490">
<taxonomicName id="C1F9E9A51CBE0F416329B559E33961F1" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:141317" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Eciton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Eciton commutatum Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="commutatum" subGenus="Neivamyrmex">Eciton (Neivamyrmex) commutatum</taxonomicName>
: M. R. Smith, 1942: 568 (misidentification).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1EFEF6EDC4CCFDAEEEBF46FA55D9C0D0" pageNumber="490">
<taxonomicName id="B732DE57EEEBF11DC4950F3A42161D65" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:236913" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Neivamyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Neivamyrmex swainsoni subsp. arizonensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="swainsoni" subSpecies="arizonensis">Neivamyrmex swainsoni arizonensis</taxonomicName>
: Borgmeier, 1953: 19 (m).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D89FE74CE9FBC96C5689CEBCF5159FE4" pageNumber="490">
<taxonomicName id="D081A1B85B41E36698F252D65EA93CA8" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:32799" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Neivamyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Neivamyrmex fallax Borgmeier" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fallax">Neivamyrmex fallax Borgmeier</taxonomicName>
, 1953: 48 (w).
<materialsCitation id="D37B637371D3D26B11622B2C7930ECCC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923899979" collectionCode="USNM" country="U. S. A." location="Victoria" stateProvince="Texas">
<collectingRegionGroup id="0DCB0CB8AE1A971A4FB43ED47D1F268C" country="U. S. A.">
<materialsCitationGroup id="6487D67A264768D3293B2E573506CD75" country="U. S. A." stateProvince="Texas">
<collectingCountry id="B78AAFF70FD02F80E6118CCFD38E23DA">U. S. A.</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="4D5E59776D210670C3B59BE632C8E0AF">Texas</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="ACF75D93405DC5EBCE111569657DD0EC" LSID="plazi:21B04C20D6886114A7E0EDB794B86009:17BDA3F94F6B5616A9C486C211EA22AE" country="U. S. A." name="Victoria" stateProvince="Texas">Victoria</location>
(
<collectionCode id="05FB119EEEBC5D3A0E500EB83B155DB3" collectionName="USA, Washington D.C., National Museum of Natural History, [formerly, United States National Museum]">
<collectionCode id="D5D0337A4307A01C3F643B86B31243BD" collectionName="USA, Washington D.C., National Museum of Natural History, [formerly, United States National Museum]">USNM</collectionCode>
</collectionCode>
). NEW SYNONYMY
</materialsCitationGroup>
</collectingRegionGroup>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E76BE4B12F8009BA2E0BC5C409C03C7A" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="4F442177DE64DFE08A00199FA76A223F" pageNumber="490">DISTRIBUTION (Map 11)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="93E70CC03CCA71B0F960985CC4AD6783" pageNumber="490">UNITED STATES: Kansas, Louisiana and Texas, west to California; MEXICO: border states south to Chiapas and Yucatan; south to ARGENTINA.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FDE0C6854B5A0767FCA5C242F1173E37" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="2CD0DD383F59DE46EE1EBBD0549ABE17" pageNumber="490">SPECIMENS EXAMINED</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9C225D953E76D062F99DF17459D0708E" pageNumber="490">We have 123 records for this species in the United States.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3B8549D4E1093508C7881D04C4C83AE3" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="FD1D98E339FC9B83486B2EDE17147DD0" pageNumber="490">DISCUSSION</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7BE1A189D743B37E631BF8F241F9BC82" pageNumber="490">
F. Smith's
<taxonomicName id="8160B6A50ED3167E5B00C2E703998C6D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:140812" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Labidus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Labidus mexicanus Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">Labidus mexicanus</taxonomicName>
was made a variety of
<taxonomicName id="42B41E512CDA330C84F729D961B9ABC6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:139010" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Labidus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Labidus pilosus Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosus">pilosus</taxonomicName>
by Borgmeier (1936), a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="42ABC0B4EEEA05066B96B0971802B446" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:139010" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Labidus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Labidus pilosus Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosus">pilosus</taxonomicName>
by M. R. Smith (1942) and, finally, a subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="107A5644197DB33DB3D7456F792ABEF1" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:139010" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Labidus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Labidus pilosus Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosus">pilosus</taxonomicName>
by Borgmeier (1953), where it has remained. We have examined the type of
<taxonomicName id="57A2EC5CBDF114AAC57714D21B03CDF2" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:140812" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Labidus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Labidus mexicanus Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">L. mexicanus</taxonomicName>
and determined that none of the above decisions was correct.
<taxonomicName id="F60DFD2D35FA2A348C0985C7F284A991" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:140812" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Labidus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Labidus mexicanus Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">Labidus mexicanus F. Smith</taxonomicName>
is, instead, a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="0D5A97F31981DA0EE5C47D36C4CB1D34" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:32878" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Neivamyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Neivamyrmex swainsonii (Shuckard)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="swainsonii">N. swainsonii</taxonomicName>
(New synonymy).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="445D5691B40179A794F94500120CC17C" pageNumber="490">
Due to its large size and relative abundance
<taxonomicName id="ADDD1D72BE4AF32CC945B3F4DF74C075" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:32878" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Neivamyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Neivamyrmex swainsonii (Shuckard)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="swainsonii">N. swainsonii</taxonomicName>
is easily one of North America s most conspicuous army ants. Surprisingly, for many years the worker form of this common and wideranging species was unknown. We have determined that
<taxonomicName id="0976E2C661C8939E95797393050640D1" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:32799" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Neivamyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Neivamyrmex fallax Borgmeier" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fallax">N. fallax</taxonomicName>
is the worker of
<taxonomicName id="53BCFA11CA35CE85E72D80A9E4656543" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:32878" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Neivamyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Neivamyrmex swainsonii (Shuckard)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="swainsonii">N. swainsonii</taxonomicName>
. The evidence for this association is scanty: it is based on a worker of
<taxonomicName id="DA8DA10CCABD8427D51043B7AD990CE9" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:32799" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Neivamyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Neivamyrmex fallax Borgmeier" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fallax">N. fallax</taxonomicName>
found attached to the leg of a male collected in Arizona. Although throughout the United States and Mexico the ranges of these two taxa overlap nicely,
<taxonomicName id="4A93CADE5B99976258E7DE3996C1C1C7" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:32799" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Neivamyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Neivamyrmex fallax Borgmeier" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fallax">N. fallax</taxonomicName>
is unknown south of Guatemala.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B0766A7F525E012CA4189B5ABBE825A" pageNumber="490">Differences do exist between the North and South American populations; however after having examining the type specimen from Brazil and several other specimens from Central and South America we are forced to conclude that we are dealing with a single wide ranging and slightly variable species.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C959E5C0D5CC70BAEDF25A81AD0533E" pageNumber="490">Automontage images of the male caste may be viewed at antweb. org</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>