998 lines
84 KiB
XML
998 lines
84 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.706.14691" ID-GBIF-Dataset="63a955ea-c11c-4e8c-9909-10e2261ef2ac" ID-PMC="PMC5674089" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-706-137" ID-PubMed="29118625" ID-ZBK="5AF4775E803F4B1DAAF66FFB94BDCD82" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-706-137" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 706" ModsDocTitle="A new species of Scinax from the Purus-Madeira interfluve, Brazilian Amazonia (Anura, Hylidae)" checkinTime="1507181758024" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Ferrao, Miqueias, Moravec, Jiri, Fraga, Rafael de, Almeida, Alexandre Pinheiro de, Kaefer, Igor Luis & Lima, Albertina Pimentel" docDate="2017" docId="178F72FBDF5323895C1FFC8FB1D51F26" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 706: 137-162" docOrigin="ZooKeys 706" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.706.14691" docTitle="Scinax onca Ferrao, Moravec, Fraga, Almeida, Kaefer & Lima, 2017, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="5AF4775E-803F-4B1D-AAF6-6FFB94BDCD82" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="148" masterDocId="FF96BA55BF2D3D45CE4CFFC7FFDC5665" masterDocTitle="A new species of Scinax from the Purus-Madeira interfluve, Brazilian Amazonia (Anura, Hylidae)" masterLastPageNumber="162" masterPageNumber="137" pageNumber="138" updateTime="1668164896171" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A new species of Scinax from the Purus-Madeira interfluve, Brazilian Amazonia (Anura, Hylidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ferrao, Miqueias</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Moravec, Jiri</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fraga, Rafael de</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Almeida, Alexandre Pinheiro de</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kaefer, Igor Luis</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lima, Albertina Pimentel</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>706</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>137</mods:start>
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<mods:end>162</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.706.14691</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.706.14691</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-706-137</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">5AF4775E803F4B1DAAF66FFB94BDCD82</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">5AF4775E803F4B1DAAF66FFB94BDCD82</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="135111843" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5AF4775E-803F-4B1D-AAF6-6FFB94BDCD82" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/178F72FBDF5323895C1FFC8FB1D51F26" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="148" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="138" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="138">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/5AF4775E-803F-4B1D-AAF6-6FFB94BDCD82" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scinax onca" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="onca">Scinax onca</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="138">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10 Suggested English name: Jaguar Snouted Treefrog.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="138" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="138">
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scinax iquitorum" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iquitorum">Scinax iquitorum</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation pageId="1" pageNumber="138">Almeida et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
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: 142, Appendix II.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="138">
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scinax" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scinax</taxonomicName>
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sp. 3:
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<bibRefCitation author="Ferrao, M" journalOrPublisher="Cladistic" pageId="14" pageNumber="151" url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0165679" year="2016">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ferrão">Ferrao</normalizedToken>
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et al. 2016
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 7-9, figs 1 & 2B, Supporting table S2-S4.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="138" type="holotyp">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="138">Holotype</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="138">
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(Figs 2-3, 4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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). INPA-H 34584, an adult male from kilometre 350 of the BR-319 Highway (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-5.2658334">5°15'57"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-61.932777">61°55'58"W</geoCoordinate>
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, ca. 59 m a.s.l., Fig. 1A), municipality of Beruri, State of Amazonas, Brazil, collected on 15 November 2013 by
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Miquéias">Miqueias</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ferrão">Ferrao</normalizedToken>
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and Rafael de Fraga.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="1" pageNumber="138">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="138">
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Figure 3. Hand and foot of holotype of
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scinax onca" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="onca">Scinax onca</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. Ventral view of the hand and foot of the preserved holotype of
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scinax onca" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="onca">Scinax onca</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. Scale bar 5 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="138" type="paratypes">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="138">Paratypes</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="138">
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(Figs 5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="C–F">C-F</normalizedToken>
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, 6-7). Sixteen specimens: five adult males (INPA-H 34581, INPA-H 34582, INPA-H 34585, INPA-H 34586, INPA-H 34587) and one adult female (INPA-H 34583), same locality and collecting data as the holotype; one adult male (INPA-H 26624) and one adult female (INPA-H 26625) from the Floresta Estadual
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Tapauá">Tapaua</normalizedToken>
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Reserve (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-6.3769445">06°22'37"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-63.288612">63°17'19"W</geoCoordinate>
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, ca. 69 m a.s.l., Fig. 1B), municipality of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Tapauá">Tapaua</normalizedToken>
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, State of Amazonas, Brazil, collected on 12 October 2013 by Alexandre P. Almeida; five adult males (INPA-H 34588, INPA-H 34592, INPA-H 34593, INPA-H 34594, INPA-H 34595) and one adult female (INPA-H 34589) from municipality of Porto Velho (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-9.158889">9°9'32"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-64.63334">64°37'60"W</geoCoordinate>
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, ca. 105 m a.s.l., Fig. 1C), State of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Rondônia">Rondonia</normalizedToken>
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, Brazil, collected on 2 November and 7 February 2014 by Albertina P. Lima; one adult male (INPA-H 34590) and one adult female (INPA-H 34591) from municipality of Porto Velho (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-9.297778">9°17'52"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-64.76945">64°46'10"W</geoCoordinate>
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, ca. 101 m a.s.l., Fig. 1D), State of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Rondônia">Rondonia</normalizedToken>
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, Brazil, collected on 25 February 2010 by Albertina P. Lima.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="138" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="138">Referred material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="138">
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Two: INPA-H 35413 and INPA-H 35414, newly metamorphosed specimens from the kilometre 350 of the BR-319 Highway (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-5.2658334">5°15'57"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-61.932777">61°55'58"W</geoCoordinate>
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, ca. 59 m a.s.l., Fig. 1A), municipality of Beruri, State of Amazonas, Brazil, collected on 17 January 2014 by
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Miquéias">Miqueias</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ferrão">Ferrao</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="138" type="generic placement">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="138">Generic placement.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="138">
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We assign the new species to
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scinax" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scinax</taxonomicName>
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based on general morphological similarity to other members of the genus, cloacal tube of tadpoles positioned above the margin of the lower fin (a synapomorphy of the former
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. ruber" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" rank="species" species="ruber">S. ruber</taxonomicName>
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Clade sensu
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<bibRefCitation author="Faivovich, J" journalOrPublisher="Cladistic" pageId="14" pageNumber="151" pagination="367 - 393" title="A cladistic analysis of Scinax (Anura: Hylidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2002.tb00157.x" volume="18" year="2002">Faivovich [2002]</bibRefCitation>
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, currently
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scinax" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scinax</taxonomicName>
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sensu
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<bibRefCitation author="Duellman, WE" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="14" pageNumber="151" url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4104.1.1" year="2016">Duellman et al. [2016]</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="139" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="138">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="139" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">
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A medium-sized species of
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scinax" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scinax</taxonomicName>
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characterized by the following combination of characters: (1) SVL 31.3−34.5 mm (n = 13) in males and 35.5−40.4 mm (n = 4) in females; (2) snout truncate in dorsal view, bluntly rounded in lateral view; (3) tarsal tubercles absent; (4) tubercles on lower jaw and knee absent; (5) skin on dorsum shagreen; (6) dentigerous processes of vomers triangular; (7) in life, ground colour of dorsum light brown with dark brown spots and markings; dorsolateral stripes or X-shaped blotch on dorsum absent; flanks light brown with or without dark brown spots; axillar region and groin white with black irregular spots; anterior and posterior surfaces
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<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="139" start="start">of</pageBreakToken>
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thighs black (usually bordered by an irregular white streak); webbing between toes black; belly white to yellow, with round dark brown spots; iris bright orange; (8) advertisement call consisting of a single pulsed note; note duration 102−121 ms; 16−18 pulses/note; dominant frequency 1572−1594 Hz; (9) tadpoles with body triangular in lateral view; labial tooth row formula 2(2)/3(1); labial arm absent.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="142" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" type="comparisons">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="140">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="140" start="start">Comparisons</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="140">
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Until now, the following 28 valid species of
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scinax" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scinax</taxonomicName>
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occur in Amazonia (
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<bibRefCitation author="Sturaro, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia" pageId="15" pageNumber="152" pagination="9 - 23" title="A new species of Scinax Wagler, 1830 (Anura: Hylidae) from the Middle Amazon River Basin, Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.02" volume="54" year="2014">Sturaro and Peloso 2014</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Brusquetti, F" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" pagination="783 - 821" title="Taxonomic review of Scinaxfuscomarginatus (Lutz, 1925) and related species (Anura; Hylidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12148" volume="171" year="2014">Brusquetti et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Frost, DR" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Herpetology" pageId="14" pageNumber="151" url="http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.html" year="2017">Frost 2017</bibRefCitation>
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):
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. baumgardneri" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="baumgardneri">S. baumgardneri</taxonomicName>
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(Rivero, 1961),
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. blairi" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="blairi">S. blairi</taxonomicName>
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(Fouquette & Pyburn, 1972),
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. boesemani" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="boesemani">S. boesemani</taxonomicName>
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(Goin, 1966),
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. chiquitanus" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="chiquitanus">S. chiquitanus</taxonomicName>
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(De la Riva, 1990),
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. cruentommus" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="cruentommus">S. cruentommus</taxonomicName>
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(Duellman, 1972),
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. danae" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="danae">S. danae</taxonomicName>
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(Duellman, 1986),
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. exiguus" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="exiguus">S. exiguus</taxonomicName>
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(Duellman, 1986),
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. funereus" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="funereus">S. funereus</taxonomicName>
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(Cope, 1874),
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. fuscomarginatus" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="fuscomarginatus">S. fuscomarginatus</taxonomicName>
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(Lutz, 1925),
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. fuscovarius" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="fuscovarius">S. fuscovarius</taxonomicName>
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(A. Lutz, 1925),
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. garbei" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="garbei">S. garbei</taxonomicName>
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(Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926),
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. ictericus" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="ictericus">S. ictericus</taxonomicName>
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Duellman & Wiens, 1993,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. iquitorum" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="iquitorum">S. iquitorum</taxonomicName>
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Moravec, Tuanama,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Pérez">Perez</normalizedToken>
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& Lehr, 2009,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. jolyi" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="jolyi">S. jolyi</taxonomicName>
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Lescure & Marty, 2000,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. karenanneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="karenanneae">S. karenanneae</taxonomicName>
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(Pyburn, 1992),
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. kennedyi" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="kennedyi">S. kennedyi</taxonomicName>
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(Pyburn, 1973),
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. lindsayi" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="lindsayi">S. lindsayi</taxonomicName>
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Pyburn, 1992,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. madeirae" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="madeirae">S. madeirae</taxonomicName>
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(Bokermann, 1964),
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. nebulosus" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="nebulosus">S. nebulosus</taxonomicName>
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(Spix, 1824),
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. oreites" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="oreites">S. oreites</taxonomicName>
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Duellman & Wiens, 1993,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. pedromedinae" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="pedromedinae">S. pedromedinae</taxonomicName>
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(Henle, 1991),
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. proboscideus" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="proboscideus">S. proboscideus</taxonomicName>
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(Brongersma, 1933),
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. rostratus" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="rostratus">S. rostratus</taxonomicName>
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(Peters, 1863),
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. ruber" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="ruber">S. ruber</taxonomicName>
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||
(Laurenti, 1768),
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. sateremawe" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="sateremawe">S. sateremawe</taxonomicName>
|
||
Sturaro & Peloso, 2014,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. villasboasi" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="villasboasi">S. villasboasi</taxonomicName>
|
||
Brusquetti, Jansen,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Barrio-Amorós">Barrio-Amoros</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Segalla & Haddad, 2014,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. wandae" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="wandae">S. wandae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Pyburn & Fouquette, 1971), and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. x-signatus" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="x-signatus">S. x-signatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Spix, 1824). Members of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Julianus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Julianus" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Julianus</taxonomicName>
|
||
occur in Uruguay, extreme southern Brazil, and in northern Corrientes, Argentina (
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="J. uruguayus" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="uruguayus">J. uruguayus</taxonomicName>
|
||
[Schmidt, 1944]) and in Serra do
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cipó">Cipo</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Minas Gerais, Brazil (
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="J. pinimus" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="pinimus">J. pinimus</taxonomicName>
|
||
[Bokermann & Sazima, 1973]). Species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Ololygon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ololygon" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ololygon</taxonomicName>
|
||
are distributed in Atlantic Coastal Forest of eastern Brazil, gallery forests of the Brazilian Cerrado and in Argentina (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Duellman, WE" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="14" pageNumber="151" url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4104.1.1" year="2016">Duellman et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Among species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scinax" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scinax</taxonomicName>
|
||
distributed in Amazonia, except by the species that occur in open habitats, all other species are endemic to the biome. Regarding the fact that
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scinax onca" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="onca">Scinax onca</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. is an exclusive forest dweller known from the lowland rainforest of southern part of Central Amazonia we focus the comparison on Amazonian
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scinax" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scinax</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, including six confirmed candidate species discovered recently in PMI (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scinax" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scinax</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 1-2 and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scinax" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scinax</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 4-7 of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ferrao, M" journalOrPublisher="Cladistic" pageId="14" pageNumber="151" url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0165679" year="2016">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ferrão">Ferrao</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="140">
|
||
Morphologically,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scinax onca" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="onca">Scinax onca</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. can be distinguished from all other Amazonian
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scinax" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scinax</taxonomicName>
|
||
species by having bright orange iris and white groin with black spots in life and by the following combinations of characters (characters of other species in parentheses or brackets unless otherwise stated):
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="140">
|
||
The new species differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. baumgardneri" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="baumgardneri">S. baumgardneri</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. garbei" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="garbei">S. garbei</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. jolyi" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="jolyi">S. jolyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. kennedyi" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="kennedyi">S. kennedyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. nebulosus" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="nebulosus">S. nebulosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. pedromedinae" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="pedromedinae">S. pedromedinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. proboscideus" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="proboscideus">S. proboscideus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. rostratus" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="rostratus">S. rostratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
by snout truncate in dorsal view and bluntly rounded in lateral view, and by the absence of tubercles on the lower jaw and knee (elongated or pointed snout, and tubercles present on the lower jaw and knee;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Duellman, WE" journalOrPublisher="Herpetologica" pageId="14" pageNumber="151" url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1442487" year="1972">Duellman 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pyburn, WF" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Herpetology" pageId="15" pageNumber="152" pagination="297 - 301" title="A new hylid frog from the Llanos of Colombia." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1563014" volume="7" year="1973">Pyburn 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Duellman, WE" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas" pageId="14" pageNumber="151" pagination="1 - 23" title="The status of the hylid frog genus Ololygon and the recognition of Scinax Wagler, 1830." volume="151" year="1992">Duellman and Wiens 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lescure, J" journalOrPublisher="Paris" pageId="14" pageNumber="151" pagination="1 - 388" title="Atlas des Amphibiens de Guyane. Collections Patrimoines Naturels." volume="45" year="2000">Lescure and Marty 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lima, LP" journalOrPublisher="Arquivos do Museu Nacional" pageId="14" pageNumber="151" pagination="505 - 512" title="A new Scinax Wagler, 1830 of the S. rostratus group from Central Brazil (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae)." volume="62" year="2004">Lima et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In addition, tadpoles of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. onca" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="onca">S. onca</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. differ from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. garbei" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="garbei">S. garbei</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. nebulosus" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="nebulosus">S. nebulosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. pedromedinae" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="pedromedinae">S. pedromedinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. rostratus" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="rostratus">S. rostratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the absence of labial arm (labial arm present;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Duellman, WE" journalOrPublisher="Miscellaneous Publications of the University of Kansas Museum of Natural History" pageId="14" pageNumber="151" pagination="1 - 352" title="The biology of an equatorial herpetofauna in Amazonian Ecuador." volume="65" year="1978">Duellman 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hero, JM" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Herpetology" pageId="14" pageNumber="151" pagination="307 - 311" title="The tadpole of Scinaxrostrata." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1564575" volume="29" year="1995">Hero and Mijares-Urrutia 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Duellman, WE" journalOrPublisher="Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York" pageId="14" pageNumber="151" title="Cusco Amazonico - the lives of amphibians and reptiles in an Amazonian rainforest." year="2005">Duellman 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gomes, MDR" journalOrPublisher="Serie Zoologia" pageId="14" pageNumber="151" pagination="184 - 188" title="The tadpole of Scinaxnebulosus (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae). Iheringia." url="https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-476620141042184188" volume="104" year="2014">Gomes et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="141" pageId="3" pageNumber="140">
|
||
The male SVL 31.3−34.5 mm of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. onca" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="onca">S. onca</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. is larger than male SVL of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. blairi" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="blairi">S. blairi</taxonomicName>
|
||
(27.8−30.1 mm;
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="3" pageNumber="140">Fouquette and Pyburn 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. cruentommus" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="cruentommus">S. cruentommus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(24.8-27.7 mm;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Duellman, WE" journalOrPublisher="Herpetologica" pageId="14" pageNumber="151" url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1442487" year="1972">Duellman 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. danae" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="danae">S. danae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(24.5−27.4 mm;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Duellman, WE" journalOrPublisher="Miscellaneous Publications of the University of Kansas Museum of Natural History" pageId="14" pageNumber="151" url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1445281" year="1986">Duellman 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. exiguus" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="exiguus">S. exiguus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(18.0−20.8 mm;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Duellman, WE" journalOrPublisher="Miscellaneous Publications of the University of Kansas Museum of Natural History" pageId="14" pageNumber="151" url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1445281" year="1986">Duellman 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. fuscomarginatus" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="fuscomarginatus">S. fuscomarginatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(15.7-26.7 mm;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Brusquetti, F" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" pagination="783 - 821" title="Taxonomic review of Scinaxfuscomarginatus (Lutz, 1925) and related species (Anura; Hylidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12148" volume="171" year="2014">Brusquetti et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. karenanneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="karenanneae">S. karenanneae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SVL 26.6−28.9 mm;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pyburn, WF" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="15" pageNumber="152" pagination="46 - 50" title="A new species of dimorphic tree frog, genus Hyla (Amphibia: Anura: Hyldiae), from the Vaupes River of Colombia." volume="106" year="1993">Pyburn 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. lindsayi" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="lindsayi">S. lindsayi</taxonomicName>
|
||
(about 24 mm;
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="3" pageNumber="140">Pyburn 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. madeirae" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="madeirae">S. madeirae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(18.0-23.1 mm;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Brusquetti, F" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" pagination="783 - 821" title="Taxonomic review of Scinaxfuscomarginatus (Lutz, 1925) and related species (Anura; Hylidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12148" volume="171" year="2014">Brusquetti et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. villasboasi" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" rank="species" species="villasboasi">S. villasboasi</taxonomicName>
|
||
(16.7-20.0 mm; Brus
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="141" start="start">quetti</pageBreakToken>
|
||
et al. 2014),
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. wandae" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="wandae">S. wandae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(23.4-26.9 mm;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pyburn, WF" journalOrPublisher="Memorias do Instituto Butantan" pageId="15" pageNumber="152" url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1562731" year="1971">Pyburn and Fouquette 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scinax" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scinax</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 1 (20.2-22.5 mm, n = 5),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scinax" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scinax</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 2 (sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ferrao, M" journalOrPublisher="Cladistic" pageId="14" pageNumber="151" url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0165679" year="2016">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ferrão">Ferrao</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (18.1-20.4 mm, n = 15),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scinax" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scinax</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 4 (sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ferrao, M" journalOrPublisher="Cladistic" pageId="14" pageNumber="151" url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0165679" year="2016">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ferrão">Ferrao</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (23.2 mm),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scinax" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scinax</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 6 (sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ferrao, M" journalOrPublisher="Cladistic" pageId="14" pageNumber="151" url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0165679" year="2016">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ferrão">Ferrao</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (25.1-26.7 mm, n = 6), and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scinax" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scinax</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 7 (sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ferrao, M" journalOrPublisher="Cladistic" pageId="14" pageNumber="151" url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0165679" year="2016">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ferrão">Ferrao</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (22.6-25.9 mm, n = 28). The males of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. onca" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="onca">S. onca</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. are smaller than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. fuscovarius" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="fuscovarius">S. fuscovarius</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SVL 41.0-44.0 mm;
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="4" pageNumber="141">Cei 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. sateremawe" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="sateremawe">S. sateremawe</taxonomicName>
|
||
(35.2-38.1 mm;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sturaro, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia" pageId="15" pageNumber="152" pagination="9 - 23" title="A new species of Scinax Wagler, 1830 (Anura: Hylidae) from the Middle Amazon River Basin, Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.02" volume="54" year="2014">Sturaro and Peloso 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="141">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scinax onca" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="onca">Scinax onca</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. boesemani" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="boesemani">S. boesemani</taxonomicName>
|
||
by conspicuous dark brown spots on the dorsum (light spots on dorsum) and belly (no spots), black posterior surfaces of thighs (light brown), and black webbing between toes (light brown;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Goin, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden" pageId="14" pageNumber="151" pagination="229 - 232" title="Description of a new frog of the genus Hyla from Suriname." volume="41" year="1966">Goin 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The call of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. onca" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="onca">S. onca</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. differs from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. boesemani" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="boesemani">S. boesemani</taxonomicName>
|
||
in duration (102-121 ms vs.160-290 ms in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. boesemani" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="boesemani">S. boesemani</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Duellman, WE" journalOrPublisher="Miscellaneous Publications of the University of Kansas Museum of Natural History" pageId="14" pageNumber="151" url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1444328" year="1983">Duellman and Pyles 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="141">
|
||
The new species differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. chiquitanus" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="chiquitanus">S. chiquitanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having snout truncate in dorsal view (rounded), head wider than body (narrower), black posterior surfaces of thighs (brown), and in having dark brown spots on the belly (light brown when present;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="De la Riva, I" journalOrPublisher="Revista Espanola de Herpetologia" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" pagination="81 - 86" title="Una especie nueva de Ololygon (Anura: Hylidae) procedente de Bolivia." volume="4" year="1990">De la Riva 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The call of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scinax onca" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="onca">Scinax onca</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. differs from the call of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. chiquitanus" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="chiquitanus">S. chiquitanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
in duration (102-121 ms vs.185.3-338.8 ms in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. chiquitanus" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="chiquitanus">S. chiquitanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
), number of pulses (16-18 vs. 23-42 in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. chiquitanus" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="chiquitanus">S. chiquitanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and dominant frequency (1572-1594 Hz vs. 2100-2261.5 Hz in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. chiquitanus" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="chiquitanus">S. chiquitanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="4" pageNumber="141">De la Riva et al. 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ferrao, M" journalOrPublisher="Cladistic" pageId="14" pageNumber="151" url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0165679" year="2016">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ferrão">Ferrao</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="141">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scinax onca" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="onca">Scinax onca</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. ruber" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="ruber">S. ruber</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the snout truncate in dorsal view (rounded), black posterior surfaces of thighs (brown with yellow or orange mottling), and absence of dorsolateral stripes (tan to yellow dorsolateral stripes present;
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="4" pageNumber="141">Duellman and Wiens 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). There are seven available names in the synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. ruber" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="ruber">S. ruber</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyla conirostris" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="conirostris">Hyla conirostris</taxonomicName>
|
||
Peters, 1863 (type locality
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Surinam”">"Surinam"</normalizedToken>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyla lateristriga" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lateristriga">Hyla lateristriga</taxonomicName>
|
||
Spix, 1824 (type locality: Brazil, by implication),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyla lineomaculata" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineomaculata">Hyla lineomaculata</taxonomicName>
|
||
Werner, 1899 (type locality "Arima, Trinidad"),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyla robersimoni" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robersimoni">Hyla robersimoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
Donoso-Barros, 1965
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“1964”">"1964"</normalizedToken>
|
||
(type locality "Pajonales al sur de Macuro, Penisula de Paria, Venezuela"),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyla rubra" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubra">Hyla rubra</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="hübneri">huebneri</normalizedToken>
|
||
Melin, 1941 (type locality
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Taracuá">"Taracua</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Rio Uaupes",
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“São">"Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
Gabriel, Rio Negro", and "Vicinity of Manaus", all localities in the State of Amazonas, Brazil),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scytopis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scytopis alleni" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alleni">Scytopis alleni</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cope, 1870 (type locality State of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Brazil, by lectotype designation of
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="4" pageNumber="141">Duellman and Wiens 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scytopis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scytopis cryptanthus" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptanthus">Scytopis cryptanthus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cope, 1874 (type locality
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Nauta”">"Nauta"</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Region Loreto, Peru). According to their original descriptions, all these names are associated with specimens that have yellow blotches on the anterior and posterior surfaces of the thighs, and in some cases undersurfaces of tibiae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Moravec, J" journalOrPublisher="South American Journal of Herpetology" pageId="15" pageNumber="152" pagination="9 - 16" title="A new species of Scinax (Anura: Hylidae) from the area of Iquitos, Amazonian Peru." url="https://doi.org/10.2994/057.004.0102" volume="4" year="2009">Moravec et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="141">
|
||
From
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scinax x-signatus" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="x-signatus">Scinax x-signatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Spix, 1824) the new species can be distinguished by absence of the X-shaped mark (present) and presence of dark brown spots on the dorsum (absent;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lutz, B" journalOrPublisher="University of Texas Press, Austin" pageId="14" pageNumber="151" title="Brazilian species of Hyla." year="1973">Lutz 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="141">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scinax onca" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="onca">Scinax onca</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. ictericus" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="ictericus">S. ictericus</taxonomicName>
|
||
by snout truncate in dorsal view (bluntly round), absence of ulnar and tarsal tubercles (tubercles present), and by black posterior surfaces of thighs (light to dark brown;
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="4" pageNumber="141">Duellman and Wiens 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The call of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scinax onca" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="onca">Scinax onca</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. differs from the call of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. ictericus" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="ictericus">S. ictericus</taxonomicName>
|
||
in duration (102-121 ms vs. 70-90 ms in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. ictericus" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="ictericus">S. ictericus</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The tadpoles of the new species differ in having triangular body in lateral view (ovoid;
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="4" pageNumber="141">Duellman and Wiens 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="142" pageId="4" pageNumber="141">
|
||
The new species can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. funereus" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="funereus">S. funereus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 4A) by its truncate snout in dorsal view (acutely rounded;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Duellman, WE" journalOrPublisher="Miscellaneous Publications of the University of Kansas Museum of Natural History" pageId="14" pageNumber="151" pagination="1 - 352" title="The biology of an equatorial herpetofauna in Amazonian Ecuador." volume="65" year="1978">Duellman 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), absence of tarsal tubercles (a
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="142" start="start">row</pageBreakToken>
|
||
of low tubercles on outer edge of tarsus;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Duellman, WE" journalOrPublisher="Herpetologica" pageId="14" pageNumber="151" pagination="212 - 227" title="The Identities of Some Ecuadorian Hylid Frogs." volume="27" year="1971">Duellman 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), shagreen skin (strongly tuberculate;
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="5" pageNumber="142">Duellman and Wiens 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), flanks light brown (yellow;
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="5" pageNumber="142">Duellman and Wiens 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), orange iris (bicolored iris; see Fig. 4A), and black posterior surfaces of thighs (yellow with dark brown spots or pale with discrete dark brown blotches;
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="5" pageNumber="142">Duellman and Wiens 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Labial tooth row formula 2(2)/3(1) of the tadpoles of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. onca" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" rank="species" species="onca">S. onca</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. differs from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. funereus" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" rank="species" species="funereus">S. funereus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(2(2)/3;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Duellman, WE" journalOrPublisher="Miscellaneous Publications of the University of Kansas Museum of Natural History" pageId="14" pageNumber="151" pagination="1 - 352" title="The biology of an equatorial herpetofauna in Amazonian Ecuador." volume="65" year="1978">Duellman 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). There are two available names in the synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. funereus" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" rank="species" species="funereus">S. funereus</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyla depressiceps" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="depressiceps">Hyla depressiceps</taxonomicName>
|
||
Boulenger, 1882 (type locality
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Ecuador”">"Ecuador"</normalizedToken>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyla rubra" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="subspecies" species="rubra" subspecies="inconspicua">Hyla rubra inconspicua</taxonomicName>
|
||
Melin, 1941 (type locality "Roque, Region San
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martín">Martin</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Peru"). According to the original description,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. depressiceps" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" rank="species" species="depressiceps">H. depressiceps</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from the new taxon in having black and whitish marbled limbs. An examination of the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyla rubra" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="subspecies" species="rubra" subspecies="inconspicua">Hyla rubra inconspicua</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows that it differs by the presence of small tubercles on the head, dorsum and limbs including the tarsal area (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Moravec, J" journalOrPublisher="South American Journal of Herpetology" pageId="15" pageNumber="152" pagination="9 - 16" title="A new species of Scinax (Anura: Hylidae) from the area of Iquitos, Amazonian Peru." url="https://doi.org/10.2994/057.004.0102" volume="4" year="2009">Moravec et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="142">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="142">
|
||
Figure 4. Adult specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scinax funereus" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="funereus">Scinax funereus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. iquitorum" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" rank="species" species="iquitorum">S. iquitorum</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A Female specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scinax funereus" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="funereus">Scinax funereus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(KU221960b) from San Jacinto, Region Loreto, Peru, and B male paratype of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scinax iquitorum" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iquitorum">Scinax iquitorum</taxonomicName>
|
||
(NMP6V 71267/1) from Puerto Almendras, Region Loreto, Peru. Photograph by W.E. Duellman (A) and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jiří">Jiri</normalizedToken>
|
||
Moravec (B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="142">
|
||
The new species differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. iquitorum" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" rank="species" species="iquitorum">S. iquitorum</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 4B) by snout truncate in dorsal view (bluntly rounded), dentigerous processes of vomers triangular (transverse), presence of conspicuous dark brown spots on dorsum (small dark brown dots concentrated only on head and in areas of scapular and sacral blotches), light brown flanks with or without dark brown spots (bright yellow flanks with numerous distinct round black spots), and by white long bones of hindlimbs (green;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Moravec, J" journalOrPublisher="South American Journal of Herpetology" pageId="15" pageNumber="152" pagination="9 - 16" title="A new species of Scinax (Anura: Hylidae) from the area of Iquitos, Amazonian Peru." url="https://doi.org/10.2994/057.004.0102" volume="4" year="2009">Moravec et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="142">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scinax onca" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="onca">Scinax onca</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scinax" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scinax</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 5 (sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ferrao, M" journalOrPublisher="Cladistic" pageId="14" pageNumber="151" url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0165679" year="2016">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ferrão">Ferrao</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) by light brown dorsum with dark brown spots (yellowish green with diminutive black spots), dark spots on belly (absent), and anterior and posterior surfaces of thighs black (uniformly yellowish green).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="143" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="142">Description of the holotype.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="143" pageId="5" pageNumber="142">
|
||
Adult male 31.3 mm SVL. Body moderately slender; head wider than body, slightly longer than wide (HL/HW = 1.2, HL = 38.0% of SVL, HW = 32.3% of SVL); snout truncate in dorsal view, bluntly rounded in lateral view; nostrils markedly protuberant, elliptic, directed dorsolaterally; eye-nostril distance 76% of ED; internarial region moderately depressed; canthus rostralis rounded in both dorsal and lateral views; loreal region concave, more concave near to nostril;
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="143" start="start">interorbital</pageBreakToken>
|
||
distance longer than upper eye width (IOD/ELW = 1.1), IOD 31% of HW; eye diameter 34% of HW; tympanic annulus distinct, tympanic membrane evident, rounded, 51% of ED; supratympanic fold present, slightly distinct; vocal sack subgular, bilobate; vocal slits extend from lateral base of tongue (slightly behind the half distance from the anterior edge) to the mouth angles; dentigerous processes of vomers triangular, bearing 7/6 (left/right) teeth; choanes rounded; tongue lanceolate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="143">
|
||
Arm and forearm slender; axillary membrane absent; pectoral fold present; hand length 29% of SVL; fingers long bearing horizontally expanded discs; diameter of disc on finger III 49% of ED; relative length of fingers I<II<IV<III; palmar tubercle bifid, flat, longer than wide; thenar tubercle elongated; distal subarticular tubercle conical on Finger I, subconical on Finger II, rounded on fingers
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="III–IV">III-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
; supernumerary tubercles small, slightly distinct; nuptial pad poorly developed, slender, extending from proximal base of thenar tubercle to distal base of distal subarticular tubercle on Finger I; fingers
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="II–IV">II-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
basally webbed; fingers with narrow lateral fringes, external fringe on Finger IV extends to distal portion of thenar tubercle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="143">
|
||
Hind limb long; tibia longer than femur, tibia length 52% of SVL, femur length 47% of SVL; tarsus length 27% of SVL; foot length 44% of SVL; toe discs more rounded than finger discs; diameter of disc on Finger IV 44% of eye ED; relative length of toes I<II<III<V<IV; inner metatarsal tubercle oval and flat; outer metatarsal tubercle rounded, flat, three times smaller than inner metatarsal tubercle; subarticular tubercles subconical on toes
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="I–II">I-II</normalizedToken>
|
||
, rounded on toes
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="III–V">III-V</normalizedToken>
|
||
; supernumerary tubercles small, rounded, and flat; webbing on toes I 2−2+ II 1+−2 III 1+−2 IV 2−1+ V; distinct external lateral fringe on Toe V extending to outer metatarsal tubercle; fringe on external margin of Toe I extends to inner metatarsal tubercle; tarsal folds and tarsal tubercles absent; tubercles on heels absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="143">Skin on dorsum shagreen, almost granular in supratympanic and anterotympanic region; skin smooth on forelimbs, hind limbs, throat, chest, and vocal sac; skin areolate on belly and ventral surface of thighs.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="143" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="143">Measurements of the holotype</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="143">(in mm).SVL 31.3; HL 11.9; HW 10.9; ED 3.7; EN 3.6; ELW 3.1; IND 2.8; IOD 3.4; TD 1.9; HAL 9.1; Fin3DW 1.8; TL 16.3; THL 14.8; TSL 8.6; FL 13.7; Toe4DW 1.6.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="144" pageId="6" pageNumber="143" type="colouration of the holotype in life">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="143">Colouration of the holotype in life</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="144" pageId="6" pageNumber="143">
|
||
(Fig. 5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
|
||
). Ground colour of dorsal surfaces of head, body, and limbs light brown; dorsal pattern consisting of W-shaped interorbital mark on the head, an irregular dark brown spot in scapular region, a
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Λ-shaped">Λ-shaped</normalizedToken>
|
||
mark in sacral region, and numerous round dark brown spots distributed randomly on the head (including lips) and body; a conspicuous dark brown canthal stripe extends to tip of snout; a dark brown supratympanic stripe extends from corner of eye to anterior region of flanks; three dark brown transverse bars on the forearm, the proximal one extends to arm; three brown transverse bars on the tibia; fingers and toes light brown, distal surfaces of disc cream to tan, proximal surfaces grey; toe webbing black; axillar region white with small dark brown spots; flanks light brown with dark brown spots; groin white with dark brown spots; anterior surfaces of thighs black; posterior surfaces of thighs black, bordered with an irregular white streak; throat and vocal sac yellow
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="144" start="start">ish</pageBreakToken>
|
||
; chest translucent; belly yellowish laterally, white medially, covered with randomly distributed round dark brown spots; anterior ventral surfaces of thighs greyish with black spots; posterior ventral surfaces of thighs dark grey to black; ventral surfaces of hand and foot black; nuptial pad cream; iris bright orange, without black reticulation, bordered by black externally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
Figure 5. Colour in life of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scinax onca" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="onca">Scinax onca</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. Colour variation in life of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scinax onca" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="onca">Scinax onca</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. from the Purus-Madeira Interfluve, Brazilian Amazonia.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
|
||
INPA-H 34584 (holotype), adult male from the kilometre 350 of the BR-319 highway, State of Amazonas
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
INPA-H 34591, adult female from municipality of Porto Velho, State of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rondônia">Rondonia</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
INPA-H 26625, adult female from the Floresta Estadual
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tapauá">Tapaua</normalizedToken>
|
||
Reserve, municipality of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tapauá">Tapaua</normalizedToken>
|
||
, State of Amazonas. Photographs
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
and F were taken after transport of the specimens to the camp, while the image of E was taken immediately in the field.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="144" type="colouration of the holotype in alcohol">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Colouration of the holotype in alcohol</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="144">(Figs 2-3). Dorsal surfaces of head, body, and limbs brown; throat, belly, and axillar area yellowish; groin white; dark brown dorsal and ventral pattern as in life with exception of inconspicuous transverse bars on thighs.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="144" type="variation">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Variations.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Both uncorrected p and K2P distances between specimens from southern and specimens from middle PMI groups range between 0.4 and 1.1%. Both the p and K2P distances between individuals from middle PMI varied from 0% to 0.2% and between individuals from southern PMI varied from 0% to 0.6% (Table 1). Despite the high genetic similarity, it appears that some variation in measurements and coloration is evident between specimens from middle PMI and specimens from southern PMI (the straight distance between the closest localities is ca. 500 km).</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
Table 1. Intraspecific and interspecific genetic divergence. Uncorrected p-distance (upper-right) and K2P distance (lower-left) between 16S rRNA sequences of the paratype of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scinax iquitorum" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iquitorum">Scinax iquitorum</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1) and specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. onca" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rank="species" species="onca">S. onca</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. from the southern (2-7) and middle (8-14) Purus-Madeira Interfluve. * = denote the sequence obtained from one tadpole of the lot INPA-H 35411.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<table pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">Specimens</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">1</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">2</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">3</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">4</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">5</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">6</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">7</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">8</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">9</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">10</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">11</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">12*</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">13</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">14</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">NMP6V</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">INPA-H</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">INPA-H</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">INPA-H</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">INPA-H</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">INPA-H</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">INPA-H</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">INPA-H</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">INPA-H</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">INPA-H</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">INPA-H</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">INPA-H</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">INPA-H</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">INPA-H</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="144">The specimens from southern PMI exhibit slightly larger average size (t = -3.1, df = 10.4, p = 0.009) and significantly lower values of nine following male body proportions: HL/SVL (t = 2.3, df = 10.9, p = 0.01), IND/SVL (t = 3.4, df = 10.8, p = 0.005), IOD/SVL (t = 3.2, df = 9.6, p = 0.009), HAL/SVL (t = 6.9, df = 8.5, p <0.001), THL/SVL (t = 2.8, df = 11, p = 0.01), TL/SVL (t = 3.9, df = 8.8, p = 0.003), TAL/SVL (t = 2.6, df = 10.2, p = 0.02), FL/SVL (t = 5.1, df = 10.3, p = 0.0003), and X3FD/SVL (t = 2.9, df = 6.7, p = 0.02). Variation of measurements and body proportions of the type specimens is given in Table 2.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
Table 2. Morphometric data (in mm) of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scinax onca" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="onca">Scinax onca</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. from the Purus-Madeira interfluve, Brazilian Amazonia. Means followed by standard deviation, and ranges in parentheses. For abbreviations, see Materials and methods.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<table pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<th colspan="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">Middle Purus-Madeira interfluve</th>
|
||
<th colspan="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">Southern Purus-Madeira interfluve</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">Males (n = 7)</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">Females (n = 2)</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">Males (n = 6)</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">Females (n = 2)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">SVL</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">HL</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">HW</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">ED</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">TD</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">IND</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">FL</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">HAL</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">END</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">THL</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">HLSVL</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">HWSVL</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">EDSVL</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">TDSVL</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">SVL</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">SVL</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">INDSVL</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">SVL</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">FLSVL</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">HALSVL</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">SVL</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">SVL</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">ENDSVL</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">SVL</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">THLSVL</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Colour change was observed after (Fig. 5A−D, F) and before (Fig. 5E) human manipulation of the specimens. After manipulation, general colouration of individuals became darker and spots and blotches became more conspicuous. In preservative, individuals from the middle PMI (Fig. 6A−C) had a larger number of dorsal spots and blotches in comparison to specimens from southern PMI (Fig. 6D−F). Regarding ventral coloration in preservative, individuals from the middle PMI (Fig. 7A−C) had a larger number of spots, which were concentrated on the belly. In the south, individuals had smaller ventral spots, and these were concentrated on the throat (Fig. 7D−F).</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
Figure 6. Colour in preservative of dorsum of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scinax onca" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="onca">Scinax onca</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. Dorsal colour variation of preserved specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scinax onca" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="onca">Scinax onca</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. Specimens from middle (A−C) and southern (D−F) Purus-Madeira Interfluve, Brazilian Amazonia. A INPA-H 34581, male, SVL 34.3 mm B INPA-H 34583, female, SVL 35.5 mm C INPA-H 34582 male, SVL 31.5 mm D INPA-H 34594, male, SVL 32.6 mm E INPA-H 34589, female, SVL 38.9 mm F INPA-H 34593, male, SVL 34.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
Figure 7. Colour in preservative of venter of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scinax onca" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="onca">Scinax onca</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. Ventral colour variation of preserved specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scinax onca" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="onca">Scinax onca</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. Specimens from middle (A−C) and southern (D−F) Purus-Madeira Interfluve, Brazilian Amazonia. A INPA-H 34583, female, SVL 35.5 mm B INPA-H 34582, male, SVL 31.5 mm C INPA-H 34581 male, SVL 34.3 mm D INPA-H 34588, male, SVL 34.1 mm E INPA-H 34593, male, SVL 34.5 mm F INPA-H 34589, female, SVL 38.9 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="144" type="vocalization">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Vocalization.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
The advertisement call of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scinax onca" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="onca">Scinax onca</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. consists of a single short multipulsed note (Fig. 8). Quantitative call parameters are as follows (range followed by mean
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
standard deviation in parentheses): call duration, 102-121 ms (110
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
5, n = 15); silent interval between calls 526-1844 ms (1089
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
438, n = 15), pulses/call 16-18 (16.8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.8, n = 15); dominant frequency 1572−1594 Hz (1573
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
6, n = 15). Calls were repeated at an approximate rate of 16 notes per minute.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
Figure 8. Advertisement call of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scinax onca" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="onca">Scinax onca</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. Spectrogram (A) and oscillogram (B) of an advertisement call of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scinax onca" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="onca">Scinax onca</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. The specimen (INPA-H 26624, SVL 32.1 mm) was recorded in Floresta Estadual
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tapauá">Tapaua</normalizedToken>
|
||
Reserve, middle Purus-Madeira Interfluve, Amazonas, Brazil C A series with eleven calls. Air temperature not measured.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="146" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Tadpole description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="146" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
The following description is based on six tadpoles (Stage 37) of the lot INPA-H 35411. Total length 34.6−38.3 mm (37
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.5, n = 6), body length 9.1−10.5 mm (9.8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.5, n = 6), and tail length 24.6−28.7 mm (27
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.5, n = 5). Body ovoid in dorsal view, triangular in lateral view (Fig. 9). Snout rounded in
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="145" start="start">dorsal</pageBreakToken>
|
||
and lateral view, distinct from body. Nostrils large, rounded, positioned and directed dorsally, eye-nostril distance represents 63−88% (74
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
9, n = 6) of eye diameter. Inter nostril distance represents 62−70% (65
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
3, n = 6) of inter orbital distance. Eyes large, positioned and directed laterally, with diameter 15−19 % (17
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1, n = 6) of body length. Spiracle tube single, sinistral, visible from dorsal view, inner wall and ventral right wall of the tube free from the body. Tail higher than body, point of maximum height of tail about half tail length. Tail musculature visible. Dorsal fin emerging nearly in the middle of the body, rising moderately, descending gradually to flagellum. Ventral fin approximately of the same height and shape as the dorsal fin. Cloacal tube positioned above the margin of the lower fin. Oral disc located anteroventrally, emarginated laterally, protuberant when closed (Fig. 10). Upper labium with uniseriate marginal papillae on distal portion and two rows of papillae (with small median gap) close to mouth angle. Lower labium with triseriate marginal papillae close to mouth angle and biseriate papillae on medial portion. Papillae are long, rounded on tip, distributed irregularly. Jaw sheaths moderately robust and serrated, upper jaw M-shaped and lower jaw V-shaped. Labial tooth row formula 2(2)/3(1). The row A-1 nearly the
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="146" start="start">same</pageBreakToken>
|
||
length of A-2, P-2 slightly longer than P-1, P-3 shorter than P-1 and P-2. The gap in P-1 approximately the same length of the gap in A-2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="9" pageNumber="146">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="146">
|
||
Figure 9. Tadpole of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scinax onca" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="onca">Scinax onca</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. from the middle Purus-Madeira Interfluve (lot INPA-H 35411). Specimen collected at kilometre 350 of the BR-319 highway, municipality of Beruri, State of Amazonas, Brazil. From top to bottom: dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of preserved tadpole in developmental Stage 37. Scale bar 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="9" pageNumber="146">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="146">
|
||
Figure 10. Oral disc of the tadpole of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scinax onca" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="onca">Scinax onca</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. (lot INPA-H 35411; developmental Stage 37). Left: ventrolateral and right: ventral view. The tadpole was collected in the middle Purus-Madeira Interfluve, at the kilometre 350 of the BR-319 highway, municipality of Beruri, State of Amazonas, Brazil. Scale bar 2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="146">In life, dorsal and lateral surfaces of body silvery-green. Fins silvery-green, translucent, having dark grey spots. In preservative, dorsum of body uniformly grey-brown. A dark brown eye-snout stripe and dark brown interorbital blotch present. Fins translucent with small to large irregular diffuse dark brown spots. Tail musculature light brown. Ventral surfaces of the body white, slightly transparent.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="146" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="146">
|
||
The specific name
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="onca" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" rank="species" species="onca">onca</taxonomicName>
|
||
refers to the Brazilian common name for the jaguar
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Pantera" lsidName="Pantera onca" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" rank="species" species="onca">Pantera onca</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Linnaeus, 1758) due the blotchy colour pattern of the new species. Furthermore, the specific name is a reference to frequent encounters of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. onca" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" rank="species" species="onca">P. onca</taxonomicName>
|
||
during the fieldwork in the PMI. The name is used as a noun in apposition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="148" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Distribution, ecology, and threat status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="147" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scinax onca" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="onca">Scinax onca</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. is an exclusive forest dweller, known from two small areas located in the middle section of the PMI (State of Amazonas, Brazil), and two small areas lying in southern part of PMI, close to municipality of Porto Velho (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rondônia">Rondonia</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Brazil). The maximum straight distance between the localities is around 500 km (Fig. 1). The middle PMI is covered by tropical lowland
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="10" pageNumber="147" start="start">rainforest</pageBreakToken>
|
||
characterized by closed canopy with emergent trees whereas the southern part has a more open lowland rainforest formation with frequent palm trees.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="148" pageId="10" pageNumber="147">
|
||
The new species is an explosive breeder. All specimens were encountered after (or during) heavy rains when aggregated at middle-sized or large temporary forest ponds. The ponds were not connected to streams. The males were calling from shrubs growing in or next to the water. Calling males adopted both horizontal and vertical positions on leaves and shrub trunks ca. 50-200 cm above the ground. Other tree frogs found in sympatry with
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. onca" pageId="10" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="onca">S. onca</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. included
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendropsophus leucophyllatus" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucophyllatus">Dendropsophus leucophyllatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Beireis, 1783),
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="D. marmoratus" pageId="10" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="marmoratus">D. marmoratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Laurenti, 1768),
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="D. minutus" pageId="10" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="minutus">D. minutus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Peters, 1872),
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="D. parviceps" pageId="10" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="parviceps">D. parviceps</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Boulenger,
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="148" start="start">1882</pageBreakToken>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="D. rhodopeplus" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" rank="species" species="rhodopeplus">D. rhodopeplus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Boulenger, 1882),
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="D. sarayacuensis" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" rank="species" species="sarayacuensis">D. sarayacuensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Shreve, 1935),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Phyllomedusidae" genus="Phyllomedusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllomedusa vaillantii" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vaillantii">Phyllomedusa vaillantii</taxonomicName>
|
||
Boulenger, 1882, and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scinax" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scinax</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 7 (sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ferrao, M" journalOrPublisher="Cladistic" pageId="14" pageNumber="151" url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0165679" year="2016">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ferrão">Ferrao</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="148">
|
||
Based on the sparse data available and due to threats, it is suggested that
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. onca" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" rank="species" species="onca">S. onca</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. be classified as "Data Deficient" according to the IUCN red list criteria (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Heyer, WR" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Herpetology" pageId="14" pageNumber="151" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org" year="2016">IUCN 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is necessary to stress out, however, that the known range of the new species is seriously threatened by the planned reconstruction of the Trans-Amazonian highway BR-319 connecting Manaus and Porto Velho. This initiative will facilitate human migration from the "Arc of Deforestation" in southern
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rondônia">Rondonia</normalizedToken>
|
||
to the PMI (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fearnside, PM" journalOrPublisher="Cladistic" pageId="14" pageNumber="151" url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-005-0295-y" year="2006">
|
||
Fearnside and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Graça">Graca</normalizedToken>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). According to recent predictions, this immigration could result in the deforestation of up 5.4 million hectares of mostly undisturbed rainforests between 2012 and 2050 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="11" pageNumber="148">Maldonado et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Three of four known
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. onca" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" rank="species" species="onca">S. onca</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. localities occur in the area of predicted deforestation. Only the fourth locality lies within the Floresta
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tapauá">Tapaua</normalizedToken>
|
||
Reserve, which can serve as refuge for this and other species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |