352 lines
29 KiB
XML
352 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.38.6504" ID-PMC="PMC4086211" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-38-89" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFBE953FEC36FFF44B19F710FA5FA178" ID-PubMed="25009439" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576219" ModsDocID="1314-2003-38-89" checkinTime="1451251730880" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Ortiz, Rosa del C. & Nee, Michael H." docDate="2014" docId="0E8D0B6698EB4466AB477DE6EA64BD80" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 38: 89-99" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 38" docPubDate="2014-06-04" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.38.6504" docTitle="Cissampelos arenicola M. Nee & R. Ortiz 2014, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="FFBE953FEC36FFF44B19F710FA5FA178" lastPageNumber="94" masterDocId="FFBE953FEC36FFF44B19F710FA5FA178" masterDocTitle="A new species of Cissampelos (Menispermaceae) from Bolivia and Paraguay" masterLastPageNumber="99" masterPageNumber="89" pageNumber="92" updateTime="1668141131428" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A new species of Cissampelos (Menispermaceae) from Bolivia and Paraguay</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ortiz, Rosa del C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4673-4347</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Missouri Botanical Garden, P. O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166 - 0299, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">rosa.ortiz-gentry@mobot.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Nee, Michael H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Missouri Botanical Garden, P. O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166 - 0299, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2014-06-04</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>38</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>89</mods:start>
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<mods:end>99</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.38.6504</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.38.6504</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-38-89</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFBE953FEC36FFF44B19F710FA5FA178</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576219</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152025273" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E8D0B6698EB4466AB477DE6EA64BD80" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E8D0B6698EB4466AB477DE6EA64BD80" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="92" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="92">
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<taxonomicName LSID="0E8D0B66-98EB-4466-AB47-7DE6EA64BD80" authority="M. Nee & R. Ortiz" authorityName="M. Nee & R. Ortiz" authorityYear="2014" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Cissampelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cissampelos arenicola" order="Ranunculales" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="arenicola" status="sp. nov.">Cissampelos arenicola M. Nee & R. Ortiz</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="3" pageNumber="92">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Isotype of Cissampelos arenicola M. Nee & R. Ortiz (Nee et al. 51717, MO)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10664" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="92" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="92">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Nee & R. Ortiz" authorityYear="2014" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Cissampelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Ranunculales" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="arenicola">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Cissampelos arenicola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is distinguished from the remaining American species by its small, ovate- to subreniform-trilobed leaves and by its (6)8(10)-locular synandria. Its small leaves and viny habit superficially resemble the southern African
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<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Cissampelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Ranunculales" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="capensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Cissampelos capensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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but differs by its (6)8(10)-locular synandria (vs. 4) and by sepals and petals located adaxial to the ventral slit of the carpel. The (6)8(10)-locular synandria of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Nee & R. Ortiz" authorityYear="2014" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Cissampelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Ranunculales" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="arenicola">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Cissampelos arenicola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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resembles that of African
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<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Cissampelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Ranunculales" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="mucronata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Cissampelos mucronata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, from which it differs by its smaller (0.8-3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.3-4 cm vs. 3.3-4.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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4.5-6.6 cm) leaves and its larger endocarp (6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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7 mm vs. 4.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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4.7 mm).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="92" type="type">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Type.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="92">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">BOLIVIA.</emphasis>
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Dpto.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">
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Santa Cruz. Prov.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Andrés">Andres</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ibáñez">Ibanez</normalizedToken>
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:
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</emphasis>
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along hwy from Santa Cruz to
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Abapó">Abapo</normalizedToken>
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, 3 km S of crossing of railroad and 2 km S of bridge over Quebrada Peji,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="17" direction="south" minutes="58" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-17.966667">17°58'00"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="63" direction="west" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="18" value="-63.188335">63°11'18"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 450 m, 1 May 2001 (♂ fl),
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">M. Nee, S. Knapp & J. M. Mendoza 51717</emphasis>
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(holotype USZ; isotypes LPB, MO-6393940, NY, and to be distributed to K).
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10664" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="92">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Figure 2.</emphasis>
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Isotype of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Nee & R. Ortiz" authorityYear="2014" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Cissampelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Ranunculales" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="arenicola">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Cissampelos arenicola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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M. Nee & R. Ortiz (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Nee et al. 51717</emphasis>
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, MO).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="93">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="93" start="start">Twining</pageBreakToken>
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</emphasis>
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, perennial; stems striate, the older ones woody and glabrous, the younger ones subherbaceous and sparsely silvery-pilose, unarmed, growing in tangled viny masses to at least 5 m high in shrubs and small trees, to 5 mm in diameter; plants dioecious or infrequently monoecious.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Leaves</emphasis>
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spiral, ovate- to subreniform-trilobed, usually broader than long, 0.8-3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.3-4 cm, leaves associated with the inflorescences usually much smaller, lateral lobes divergent, rounded at apex, terminal lobe rounded and apiculate to aristate at the apex, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, glaucous, sparsely silvery-sericeous on both surfaces to nearly glabrous, palmately 6-nerved, basifixed or subpeltate with petiole inserted to 0.1-0.4 mm from the margin; petiole 5-17 mm long, pulvinulate at both ends.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Staminate</emphasis>
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inflorescences: dichasium or monochasium, 1-2 from axils on adult or young leaves along the main stem or on young leaves of secondary axillary branches, silvery-pilose, peduncle 1.3-4.9 mm long, main axis of monochasium 1.2-3.2 mm long, bracts linear, 0.4-1.5 mm long; staminate flowers 5-6(-17); pedicels 0.5-1.6 mm long; sepals 4-6, 1.0-1.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.7-1.2 mm, obovate, shortly connate at base, concave, slightly spreading at anthesis, light cream-colored throughout, silvery-pilose abaxially, glabrous adaxially; petals usually 1, patelliform to barely cupuliform, 0.9-1.1 mm in diameter, or less frequently 3-4 and obovate, 0.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.1 mm, free, light cream-colored throughout, sparsely silvery-pilose abaxially, glabrous adaxially; synandrium 0.1-0.2 mm high, (6-)8(-10)-locular, loculi connate, transversely dehiscent, and radiating from a peltiform connective; carpellode absent.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Pistillate</emphasis>
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inflorescences: 3-5 flowers fasciculate in the axils of adult or young leaves, sparsely silvery-pilose; pistillate flowers with pedicels 1.3-1.8 mm long; sepals and petals adaxial to the carpel; sepal 1(2), 1.2-1.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.9-1.2 mm, obovate, light cream-colored throughout, moderate silvery-pilose abaxially, less densely so adaxially; petals 1 (-3), subreniform, when 2 or 3, the petals free or partly to fully connate, opposite to the sepal, 0.7-0.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.9-1.4 mm, light cream-colored throughout, silvery-pilose abaxially, glabrous adaxially; sepal and petal soon deciduous, staminodes absent; carpel 1, gibbous, obliquely borne on pedicel, silvery-pilose, style 0.2-0.3 mm long, stigma 3-5-lobed, erect to spreading.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Drupe</emphasis>
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globose, ca. 8 mm in diameter, glabrous, turning orange then red at maturity; mesocarp juicy; endocarp 6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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7 mm, suborbicular-bilaterally compressed, with one tiny circular perforation on the lateral faces, ornamentation obscure, consisting of a very low medial ridge and obscurely transverse ridges (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Endocarp ornamentation of A Cissampelos arenicola M. Nee & R. Ortiz (F. Mereles & R. Degen 5075, MO) B Cissampelos capensis L. f., (W. Giess et al. 5247, MO) C Cissampelos mucronata A. Rich., (Muller & Biegel 2281 MO). Scale bars = 3 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10665" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
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); condyle bilaterally compressed, septiform (sensu
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<bibRefCitation author="Ortiz, RdC" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Plant Science" pageId="9" pageNumber="98" pagination="344 - 364" refId="B12" refString="Ortiz, RdC, 2012. Seed diversity in Menispermaceae: Developmental anatomy and insights into the origin of the condyle. International Journal of Plant Science 143: 344 - 364" title="Seed diversity in Menispermaceae: Developmental anatomy and insights into the origin of the condyle." volume="143" year="2012">Ortiz 2012</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10665" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="93">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Figure 3.</emphasis>
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Endocarp ornamentation of
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">A</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Nee & R. Ortiz" authorityYear="2014" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Cissampelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Ranunculales" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="arenicola">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Cissampelos arenicola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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M. Nee & R. Ortiz (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">F. Mereles & R. Degen 5075</emphasis>
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, MO)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">B</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Cissampelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Ranunculales" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="capensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Cissampelos capensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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L. f., (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">W. Giess et al. 5247</emphasis>
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, MO)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">C</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Cissampelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Ranunculales" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="mucronata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Cissampelos mucronata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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A. Rich., (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Muller & Biegel</emphasis>
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2281 MO). Scale bars = 3 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="93" type="distribution and ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Distribution and ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="93">
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The species is at present known from southern Bolivia and northwestern Paraguay (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Distribution of Cissampelos arenicola M. Nee & R. Ortiz, based on examined collections with coordinates." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10666" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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). All Bolivian collections are from similar habitats of the sandy dune systems southwest of the city of Santa Cruz on the main highway which runs south to
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Abapó">Abapo</normalizedToken>
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and on to Camiri and to Yacuiba on the Argentinian border. In Paraguay the species was collected along ruta Transchaco and also near the border with Bolivia in the proposed National Park
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Médanos">Medanos</normalizedToken>
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del Chaco, where it has been found in seasonal forests and in dunes. In Bolivia there are extensive sandy savannas and large active dunes, the most well-known being the "Lomas de Arena" recreation area 15-20 km SSE of the center of Santa Cruz de la Sierra. The area where the species has been collected is on the western edge of this dune field. Plants were collected from 300-470 m elevation.
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10666" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="93">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Figure 4.</emphasis>
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Distribution of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Nee & R. Ortiz" authorityYear="2014" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Cissampelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Ranunculales" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="arenicola">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Cissampelos arenicola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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M. Nee & R. Ortiz, based on examined collections with coordinates.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="93" type="pollination">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Pollination.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="93">
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No observations of pollinators are available, nor notes on any possible odor. The extremely small size of the flowers suggests that a very small insect must be involved in pollination. Label note of
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Nee 51401</emphasis>
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: "It is difficult to separate the sparse and inconspicuous flowering and immature fruiting material from the vegetative mass".
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="93" type="phenology">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Phenology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Male flowers were collected in February, May, November, and in December, pistillate flowers and mature fruits in February, April, June, and in December.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="93" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="93">
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From the Latin,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">arenicola</emphasis>
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, dweller in sand, as the species seems to be restricted to sandy savanna soils and edges of dunes.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" type="preliminary conservation status">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Preliminary conservation status.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="93">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Nee & R. Ortiz" authorityYear="2014" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Cissampelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Ranunculales" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="arenicola">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Cissampelos arenicola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is at present known from 13 collections at nine localities from southern Bolivia and northwestern Paraguay. The sandy savannas in the area surrounding Santa Cruz de la Sierra are frequently burnt and heavily grazed by cattle. This appears to have little effect on the native vegetation, but development of the land for subdivisions and chicken ranches is a greater threat and is destroying much of the original vegetation. Although the Viru-Viru pampa surrounding the international airport north of the city of Santa Cruz is maintained as a natural savanna,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Nee & R. Ortiz" authorityYear="2014" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Cissampelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Ranunculales" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="arenicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Cissampelos arenicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has never been collected there. In Paraguay,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Nee & R. Ortiz" authorityYear="2014" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Cissampelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Ranunculales" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="arenicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Cissampelos arenicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been collected in habitats described as seasonal forest, but also in areas with nomadic sand dunes. Thus, the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“ephemeral”">"ephemeral"</normalizedToken>
|
||
condition described on the labels may refer to its dynamic and transient habitat and not to the plant per se. Because of the fragmented and threatened habitat in Bolivia, its reported ephemeral condition of its habitat in Paraguay, and its usually small population sizes,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Nee & R. Ortiz" authorityYear="2014" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Cissampelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Ranunculales" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="arenicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Cissampelos arenicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be considered as vulnerable.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="94" start="start">On</pageBreakToken>
|
||
the other hand, by applying the IUCN Red List Criteria (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN," journalOrPublisher="IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK" pageId="9" pageNumber="98" refId="B7" refString="IUCN, , 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK" title="IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1" year="2012">IUCN 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Nee & R. Ortiz" authorityYear="2014" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Cissampelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Ranunculales" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="arenicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Cissampelos arenicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
falls in the category of Endangered (EN) and meets the following criteria: A2c, as much as 50% decline of the population during the next 50 years inferred by the decline in habitat quality in the area of occupancy; B2c(ii,iii,iv), at present the area of occupancy is estimated as less than 500 km2, moreover, there are likely to be extreme fluctuations in the area of occupancy because of its unstable habitat.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="94" type="paratypes">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Paratypes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Bolivia.</emphasis>
|
||
Santa Cruz: Prov.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Andrés">Andres</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ibáñez">Ibanez</normalizedToken>
|
||
, along Quebrada Peji, vic. bridge of new hwy from Santa Cruz to Camiri and railroad bridge,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="17" direction="south" minutes="57" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="30" value="-17.958334">17°57'30"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="63" direction="west" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-63.183334">63°11'00"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 440 m, 11 Dec 1994 (imm & mat fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Nee 45861</emphasis>
|
||
(LPB, NY!, USZ); along hwy from Santa Cruz to
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Abapó">Abapo</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 3 km S of crossing of railroad and 2 km S of bridge over Quebrada Peji,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="17" direction="south" minutes="58" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-17.966667">17°58'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="63" direction="west" minutes="11.3" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-63.18833">63°11.3'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 450 m, 27 Feb 1998 (♂ fl, imm fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Nee et al. 48487</emphasis>
|
||
(LPB, NY!, USZ); 15 Nov 2000 (♂ fl, imm fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Nee 51401</emphasis>
|
||
(NY); along hwy from Santa Cruz to
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Abapó">Abapo</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 5.4 km S of turnoff at "km 13",
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="17" direction="south" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-17.916666">17°55'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="63" direction="west" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-63.25">63°15'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 470 m, 18 Apr 1998 (imm fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Nee 49044</emphasis>
|
||
(LPB, NY!, USZ); Prov. Cordillera, a 3-4 km al S de Puerto
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guaraní">Guarani</normalizedToken>
|
||
, al norte de la frontera Paraguaya, sabanas planas, partes
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="húmedas">humedas</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-20.5">20°30'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="62" direction="west" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-62.25">62°15'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 400 m, 19 Jun 1992 (♀ fl & mat fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Mostacedo et al. 385</emphasis>
|
||
(MO!, USZ).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Paraguay.</emphasis>
|
||
Alto Paraguay:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fortín">Fortin</normalizedToken>
|
||
Teniente Montania, seasonal forests and swamps on clay soils,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="03" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="15" value="-22.054167">22°03'15"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="59" direction="west" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="14" value="-59.953888">59°57'14"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 5 Feb 2002 (♂ fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Zardini & Guerrero 57845</emphasis>
|
||
(MO!).
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Boquerón">Boqueron</normalizedToken>
|
||
: Ruta Transchaco, a partir del km 702, entre PN Tte. Enciso y PN
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Médanos">Medanos</normalizedToken>
|
||
del Chaco, ambiente ruderal,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="36" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="19" value="-20.605278">20°36'19"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="62" direction="west" minutes="02" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="54" value="-62.048332">62°02'54"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 22 Feb 2006 (♂ fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">De Egea et al. 923</emphasis>
|
||
(FCQ, BM, CTES, G, MO!, PY, SI, UNR); proposed National Park
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Médanos">Medanos</normalizedToken>
|
||
del Chaco, ephemerals on dunes,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="03" value="-20.684166">20°41'03"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="37" value="-61.960278">61°57'37"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 300 m, 12 Dec 1998 (♂ fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Zardini & Duarte 49600</emphasis>
|
||
(AS, MO!); (mat fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Zardini & Duarte 49630</emphasis>
|
||
(AS, MO!); 13 Dec 1998 (♀ fl & imm fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Zardini & Duarte 49829</emphasis>
|
||
(AS, MO!). Nueva
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Asunción">Asuncion</normalizedToken>
|
||
: 5 km
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="después">despues</normalizedToken>
|
||
del Destacamento, sobre
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="vegetación">vegetacion</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 19 Mayo 1993 (♂fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Degen & Mereles 2969</emphasis>
|
||
(MO!). Presidente Hayes: Tyto
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Villazón">Villazon</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fortín">Fortin</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guaraní">Guarani</normalizedToken>
|
||
, en espatillar arenoso, [
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="44" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-22.733334">22°44'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="59" direction="west" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-59.5">59°30'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], 2 Feb 1993 (♀ fl & mat fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Mereles & Degen 5075</emphasis>
|
||
(FCQ, MO!).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |