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<mods:title id="BB59B3F815B343E69D950133CCBB34DA">Anton August Heinrich Lichtensteins (1794) Catalogus Rerum Naturalium Rarissimarum, pars secunda. Facsimile edition and annotated translation</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="C6816528D1176153FF43C30E1B8A2E33" box="[151,759,1806,1833]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8E2436A3D1176153FF43C30E1B8A2E33" blockId="114.[151,759,1806,1833]" box="[151,759,1806,1833]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
<heading id="D56C81CFD1176153FF43C30E1B8A2E33" bold="true" box="[151,759,1806,1833]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="499B4D20D1176153FF43C30E1B8A2E33" ID-CoL="5N8S9" authority="Lichtenstein, 1794" authorityName="Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1794" box="[151,759,1806,1833]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="nobilis" variety="vincoomnes">
<emphasis id="BCEFEAB1D1176153FF43C30E1B8A2E33" bold="true" box="[151,759,1806,1833]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis id="BCEFEAB1D1176153FF43C30E18422E32" bold="true" box="[151,319,1806,1833]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Conus nobilis</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="BCEFEAB1D1176153FEA8C30E1B762E32" bold="true" box="[380,523,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">vincoomnes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EA0A4B52D1176153FDC7C30F1B8A2E33" author="Lichtenstein, A. A. H." box="[531,759,1806,1832]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" refId="ref72218" refString="Lichtenstein, A. A. H. (1794) Catalogus Rerum Naturalium Rarissimarum Sectio Secunda Continens Conchylia, Item Mineralia, Ligna Exotica, &amp; Arte Parata. Gottlieb Friedrich Schniebes, Hamburg, 118 pp." type="book" year="1794">Lichtenstein, 1794</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8E2436A3D1176152FF43C3561B32285A" blockId="114.[151,1436,1878,2013]" lastBlockId="115.[151,1437,151,645]" lastPageId="115" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName id="499B4D20D1176153FF43C356188A2E6A" ID-CoL="XXX4" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,503,1878,1905]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nobilis">
<emphasis id="BCEFEAB1D1176153FF43C356184B2E6A" box="[151,310,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Conus nobilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EA0A4B52D1176153FE96C356188A2E6A" author="Linnaeus, C. von" box="[322,503,1878,1905]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" refId="ref72470" refString="Linnaeus, C. von (1758) Systema Naturae, per Regna Tria Naturae. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae [Stockholm], 1384 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, is a well-known species from the Indian Ocean. The description of
<taxonomicName id="499B4D20D1176153FAFFC35618812E8E" ID-CoL="5N8S9" authority="Lichtenstein, 1794" authorityName="Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1794" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="nobilis" subSpecies="vincoomnes">
<emphasis id="BCEFEAB1D1176153FAFFC35618662E8F" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">C. nobilis vincoomnes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EA0A4B52D1176153FEF1C37A18812E8E" author="Lichtenstein, A. A. H." box="[293,508,1915,1941]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" refId="ref72218" refString="Lichtenstein, A. A. H. (1794) Catalogus Rerum Naturalium Rarissimarum Sectio Secunda Continens Conchylia, Item Mineralia, Ligna Exotica, &amp; Arte Parata. Gottlieb Friedrich Schniebes, Hamburg, 118 pp." type="book" year="1794">Lichtenstein, 1794</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, fits exactly
<taxonomicName id="499B4D20D1176153FD47C37A1D782E8E" ID-CoL="7QT3R" authority="Broderip, 1842" authorityName="Broderip" authorityYear="1842" box="[659,1029,1915,1941]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="nobilis" subSpecies="victor">
<emphasis id="BCEFEAB1D1176153FD47C37A1A332E8F" box="[659,846,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">C. nobilis victor</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EA0A4B52D1176153FC8CC37A1D782E8E" author="Broderip, W. J." box="[856,1029,1915,1941]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" pagination="53 - 55" refId="ref69608" refString="Broderip, W. J. (1842) s. n. Proceedings of the Zoological Society, London, 10, 53 - 55." type="journal article" year="1842">Broderip, 1842</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="EA0A4B52D1176153FB84C37A1CEA2E8E" author="Abbott, R. T. &amp; Dance, S. P." box="[1104,1431,1915,1941]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" refId="ref69159" refString="Abbott, R. T. &amp; Dance, S. P. (1983) Compendium of Seashells. E. P. Dutton, New York, ix + 411 pp." type="book" year="1983">Abbott &amp; Dance, 1983: 247</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EA0A4B52D1176153FF43C39E18112EA2" author="Rockel, D. &amp; Korn, W. &amp; Kohn, A. J." box="[151,364,1950,1977]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" refId="ref73841" refString="Rockel, D., Korn, W. &amp; Kohn, A. J. (1995) Manual of the Living Conidae. Vol. 1. Indo-Pacific Region. Verlag Christa Hemmen, Wiesbaden, 517 pp." type="book" year="1995">
Röckel
<emphasis id="BCEFEAB1D1176153FF3BC39E185C2EA2" box="[239,289,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">et al</emphasis>
. 1995
</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 36, fig. 8), characterized by the two areas with multiple bands consisting of tightly spaced dark brown markings. Both,
<bibRefCitation id="EA0A4B52D1176153FE35C3C21BC22EC6" author="Lichtenstein, A. A. H." box="[481,703,1987,2013]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" refId="ref72218" refString="Lichtenstein, A. A. H. (1794) Catalogus Rerum Naturalium Rarissimarum Sectio Secunda Continens Conchylia, Item Mineralia, Ligna Exotica, &amp; Arte Parata. Gottlieb Friedrich Schniebes, Hamburg, 118 pp." type="book" year="1794">Lichtenstein (1794)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EA0A4B52D1176153FD2EC3C21ACC2EC6" author="Broderip, W. J." box="[762,945,1987,2013]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" pagination="53 - 55" refId="ref69608" refString="Broderip, W. J. (1842) s. n. Proceedings of the Zoological Society, London, 10, 53 - 55." type="journal article" year="1842">Broderip (1842)</bibRefCitation>
compare their species to
<taxonomicName id="499B4D20D1176153FB0DC3C21C352EC6" ID-CoL="XXX4" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1241,1352,1987,2013]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nobilis">
<emphasis id="BCEFEAB1D1176153FB0DC3C21C352EC6" box="[1241,1352,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">C. nobilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="499B4D20D1176152FA57C3C2187429AA" ID-CoL="XWVT" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="115" lastPageNumber="116" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ammiralis">
<emphasis id="BCEFEAB1D1176152FA57C3C2187429AA" italics="true" lastPageId="115" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">C. ammiralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, further strengthening the identity of the two specific names, although no dimensions were given by Lichtenstein. Lichtenstein noted that this species is extremely rare with the three exclamation marks;
<taxonomicName id="499B4D20D1166152FAF9C4BA19A529E3" ID-CoL="7QT3R" authorityName="Broderip" authorityYear="1842" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="nobilis" subSpecies="victor">
<emphasis id="BCEFEAB1D1166152FAF9C4BA19A529E3" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">C. nobilis victor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is still today a rare shell from
<collectingCountry id="F68C7633D1166152FDE5C4DE1BDF29E2" box="[561,674,223,249]" name="Indonesia" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
. The name
<taxonomicName id="499B4D20D1166152FCF6C4DE1ADB29E3" ID-CoL="5N8S9" authorityName="Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1794" box="[802,934,223,248]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="vincoomnes">
<emphasis id="BCEFEAB1D1166152FCF6C4DE1ADB29E3" box="[802,934,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">vincoomnes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had never been used in the literature, hence, was designated by
<bibRefCitation id="EA0A4B52D1166152FEBBC5021B732806" author="Geiger, D. L." box="[367,526,259,285]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="75 - 84" refId="ref70525" refString="Geiger, D. L. (2003) A. A. H. Lichtenstein's (1794) Catalogus rerum naturalium rarissimarum sectio secunda on mollusks: an appraisal of taxa described in an overlooked tome. Archives of Natural History, 30, 75 - 84." type="journal article" year="2003">Geiger (2003)</bibRefCitation>
a
<emphasis id="BCEFEAB1D1166152FDFFC5021BA92806" box="[555,724,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">nomen oblitum</emphasis>
, and
<taxonomicName id="499B4D20D1166152FCC0C5021AB62807" ID-CoL="7QT3R" authorityName="Broderip" authorityYear="1842" box="[788,971,259,285]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="nobilis" subSpecies="victor">
<emphasis id="BCEFEAB1D1166152FCC0C5021AB62807" box="[788,971,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">C. nobilis victor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a
<emphasis id="BCEFEAB1D1166152FBD0C5021DBA2807" box="[1028,1223,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">nomen protectum</emphasis>
. The subspecies is currently accepted as valid in WoRMS.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8E2436A3D1166152FF13C54A1CEA2B9E" blockId="115.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
Note the similarity in the species names (
<taxonomicName id="499B4D20D1166152FD46C54A1BAE287F" ID-CoL="7QT3R" authorityName="Broderip" authorityYear="1842" box="[658,723,331,356]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="victor">
<emphasis id="BCEFEAB1D1166152FD46C54A1BAE287F" box="[658,723,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">victor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
= the winner;
<taxonomicName id="499B4D20D1166152FCA0C54A1A85287F" ID-CoL="5N8S9" authorityName="Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1794" box="[884,1016,331,356]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="vincoomnes">
<emphasis id="BCEFEAB1D1166152FCA0C54A1A85287F" box="[884,1016,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">vincoomnes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
= I win all), which may prompt some speculation as to the origin of Broderips material.
<bibRefCitation id="EA0A4B52D1166152FD10C56E1A052892" author="Broderip, W. J." box="[708,888,367,393]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="53 - 55" refId="ref69608" refString="Broderip, W. J. (1842) s. n. Proceedings of the Zoological Society, London, 10, 53 - 55." type="journal article" year="1842">Broderip (1842)</bibRefCitation>
had
<specimenCount id="989DFD2AD1166152FC7FC56E1D322892" box="[939,1103,367,393]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
at hand, one from H. Cuming, the other from the Reverend A. Harford, whereas Lichtenstein based his description on a single specimen. The two Broderip specimens had equal standing as
<typeStatus id="51208801D1166152FDA7C5B61BA428CA" box="[627,729,439,465]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EA0A4B52D1166152FD37C5B61A9D28CA" author="Finet, Y. &amp; Caillez, J. - C." box="[739,992,439,465]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="18 - 28" refId="ref70296" refString="Finet, Y. &amp; Caillez, J. - C. (1993) The type of Conus nobilis Linnaeus, 1758: a specimen from Java. La Conchiglia, 25 (266), 18 - 28." type="journal article" year="1993">Finet &amp; Caillez (1993)</bibRefCitation>
inadvertently designated a
<typeStatus id="51208801D1166152FAC7C5B61C0728CA" box="[1299,1402,439,465]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
by labelling the specimen shown in their fig. 5 as “
<typeStatus id="51208801D1166152FD76C5DA1A7028EE" box="[674,781,475,501]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
BMNH 1992085”; the wherabouts of the second specimen is not known. The name given by
<bibRefCitation id="EA0A4B52D1166152FDF7C5FE1BA72B02" author="Broderip, W. J." box="[547,730,511,537]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="53 - 55" refId="ref69608" refString="Broderip, W. J. (1842) s. n. Proceedings of the Zoological Society, London, 10, 53 - 55." type="journal article" year="1842">Broderip (1842)</bibRefCitation>
may also be seen in the context of naming a small, rare, and finely patterned species akin to
<taxonomicName id="499B4D20D1166152FE2DC6221A4A2B26" ID-CoL="XX57" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[505,823,546,573]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cedonulli">
<emphasis id="BCEFEAB1D1166152FE2DC6221BFC2B26" box="[505,641,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">C. cedonulli</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EA0A4B52D1166152FD5CC6221A4A2B26" author="Linnaeus, C. von" box="[648,823,546,573]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" refId="ref72470" refString="Linnaeus, C. von (1758) Systema Naturae, per Regna Tria Naturae. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae [Stockholm], 1384 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. The latter species epithet signifies “I cede to none” or, as
<bibRefCitation id="EA0A4B52D1166152FF63C646182F2B79" author="Dance, S. P." box="[183,338,583,610]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" refId="ref69956" refString="Dance, S. P. (1966) Shell Collecting: an Illustrated History. Faber and Faber, London, xv + 265 pp." type="book" year="1966">Dance (1966)</bibRefCitation>
phrased it, “second to none”. Accordingly,
<taxonomicName id="499B4D20D1166152FC90C6461ADA2B7B" ID-CoL="7QT3R" authorityName="Broderip" authorityYear="1842" box="[836,935,583,609]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="victor">
<emphasis id="BCEFEAB1D1166152FC90C6461ADA2B7B" box="[836,935,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">C. victor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="499B4D20D1166152FC35C6461DFA2B7B" ID-CoL="5N8S9" authorityName="Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1794" box="[993,1159,583,609]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="vincoomnes">
<emphasis id="BCEFEAB1D1166152FC35C6461DFA2B7B" box="[993,1159,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">C. vincoomnes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could have been named independently in that tradition, though there is no indication to such an intent in either of the original descriptions.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>